1
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Kim Y, Lee SB, Cho M, Choe S, Jang M. Indian Almond ( Terminalia catappa Linn.) Leaf Extract Extends Lifespan by Improving Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity Dependent on AMPK Signaling Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans under High-Glucose-Diet Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 38275634 PMCID: PMC10812731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging effects of Indian almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) leaf extract (TCE) on high-glucose (GLU)-induced obese Caenorhabditis elegans. Since TCE contains high contents of flavonoids and phenolics, strong radical scavenging activity was confirmed in vitro. The stress-resistance effect of TCE was confirmed under thermal and oxidative stress conditions at nontoxic tested concentrations (6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL). GLU at 2% caused lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in C. elegans, and TCE inhibited lipid and ROS accumulation under both normal and 2% GLU conditions in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, TCE proved to be effective in prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans under normal and 2% GLU conditions. The ROS reduction effect of TCE was abolished in mutants deficient in daf-16/FOXO and skn-1/Nrf-2. In addition, the lifespan-extending effect of TCE in these two mutants disappeared. The lifespan-extending effect was abolished even in atgl-1/ATGL-deficiency mutants. The TCE effect was reduced in aak-1/AMPK-deficient mutants and completely abolished under 2% GLU conditions. Therefore, the effect of prolonging lifespan by inhibiting lipid and ROS accumulation under the high GLU conditions of TCE is considered to be the result of atgl-1, daf-16, and skn-1 being downregulated by aak-1. These results suggest that the physiological potential of TCE contributes to antiaging under metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Kim
- Department of Smart Food and Drug, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.-b.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Seul-bi Lee
- Department of Smart Food and Drug, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.-b.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Myogyeong Cho
- Department of Smart Food and Drug, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.-b.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Soojin Choe
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;
| | - Miran Jang
- Department of Smart Food and Drug, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.-b.L.); (M.C.)
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Feng M, Gao B, Garcia LR, Sun Q. Microbiota-derived metabolites in regulating the development and physiology of Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1035582. [PMID: 36925470 PMCID: PMC10011103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1035582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota consist of microorganisms that provide essential health benefits and contribute to the animal's physiological homeostasis. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators in regulating host development, system homeostasis, and overall fitness. In this review, by focusing on the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans, we summarize key microbial metabolites and their molecular mechanisms that affect animal development. We also provide, from a bacterial perspective, an overview of host-microbiota interaction networks used for maintaining host physiological homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss applicable methodologies for profiling new bacterial metabolites that modulate host developmental signaling pathways. Microbiota-derived metabolites have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for diseases, as well as promising targets for engineering therapeutic interventions against animal developmental or health-related defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Baizhen Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - L Rene Garcia
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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3
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Basic M, Dardevet D, Abuja PM, Bolsega S, Bornes S, Caesar R, Calabrese FM, Collino M, De Angelis M, Gérard P, Gueimonde M, Leulier F, Untersmayr E, Van Rymenant E, De Vos P, Savary-Auzeloux I. Approaches to discern if microbiome associations reflect causation in metabolic and immune disorders. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2107386. [PMID: 35939623 PMCID: PMC9361767 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of microorganisms residing within our gut and their roles in the host metabolism and immunity advanced greatly over the past 20 years. Currently, microbiome studies are shifting from association and correlation studies to studies demonstrating causality of identified microbiome signatures and identification of molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. This transformation is crucial for the efficient translation into clinical application and development of targeted strategies to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota. As mechanistic studies are still quite challenging to perform in humans, the causal role of microbiota is frequently evaluated in animal models that need to be appropriately selected. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on approaches that can be applied in addressing causality of host-microbe interactions in five major animal model organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, rodents, and pigs). We particularly focused on discussing methods available for studying the causality ranging from the usage of gut microbiota transfer, diverse models of metabolic and immune perturbations involving nutritional and chemical factors, gene modifications and surgically induced models, metabolite profiling up to culture-based approached. Furthermore, we addressed the impact of the gut morphology, physiology as well as diet on the microbiota composition in various models and resulting species specificities. Finally, we conclude this review with the discussion on models that can be applied to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in the context of metabolic syndrome and host immunity. We hope this review will facilitate important considerations for appropriate animal model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Michael Abuja
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Bornes
- University Clermont Auvergne, Inrae, VetAgro Sup, Umrf, Aurillac, France
| | - Robert Caesar
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Science, “Aldo Moro” University Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Philippe Gérard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, IPLA-CSIC;Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelien Van Rymenant
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Ilvo), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Paul De Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France,CONTACT Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Mudd N, Liceaga AM. Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model for food bioactives: A review. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:845-856. [PMID: 35619588 PMCID: PMC9126841 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is being widely explored as an in vivo model to study the effects of food bioactives. These nematodes are largely advantageous over other in vivo models as they are relatively inexpensive, have a short generation time, and have a completely sequenced genome, among other advantages. C. elegans is a commonly used model to study diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease; however, researchers are finding they can also give insight into the health promoting effect of food-derived bioactive compounds. As consumers become more aware of the health benefits of the foods that they consume, the study of bioactive properties of foods and food constituents is becoming an important source of information. This review focuses on the advantages of using C. elegans as a model such as their short lifespans, high level of gene conservation relative to humans, and large number of progenies per reproductive cycle. They are also easily manipulated in order to perform controlled experiments on synchronous populations. Through review of recent literature, it is clear that C. elegans can be used to study a range of food derived compounds such as bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and lipids. This review also provides information on potential challenges associated with working with this nematode. These challenges include the need for a sterile environment, potential inaccuracy when determining if the nematodes are dead, and the simplicity of the organism making it not suitable for all studies. Caenorhabditis elegans is an advantageous in vivo model over other organisms. Bioactivity of food compounds can be determined using Caenorhabditis elegans. Food bioactive compounds can decrease the risk of human disease.
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Punia Bangar S, Dunno K, Kumar M, Mostafa H, Maqsood S. A comprehensive review on lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): Nutritional composition, health-related bioactive properties, and industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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6
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Khoozani AA, Rad AH, Keshtiban A, Pirouzian HR, Javadi M, Shahbazi N, Pourjafar H. Effect of Resistant Starch Type Two Fortification on Structural Characteristics of Macaroni. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Amini Khoozani
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 5166616471 Iran
| | - Ata Keshtiban
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 5166616471 Iran
| | - Haniyeh Rasouli Pirouzian
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 5166616471 Iran
| | - Mina Javadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 5166616471 Iran
| | - Nayyer Shahbazi
- Department of Food Science School of Agricultural Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood 3619995161 Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition Maragheh University of Medical Sciences Maragheh 5515878151 Iran
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Zhao Y, Wu C, Bai J, Li J, Cheng K, Zhou X, Dong Y, Xiao X. Fermented barley extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 decreased fat accumulation of Caenorhabditis elegans in a daf-2-dependent mechanism. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13459. [PMID: 32885854 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Barley, a kind of cereal, is rich in polysaccharides, phenols, proteins, β-glucan, etc. Our previous studies discovered that extracts from Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1-fermented barley (LFBE) held strong anti-obesity property in obese rats through inhibiting inflammation and suppressing the differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; however, the precise mechanism of LFBE regulating lipid metabolism remains elusive. Results suggested LFBE and its main active components, especially the total phenols, exhibited fat-lowering effects in glucose treated Caenorhabditis elegans at a certain concentration. Additionally, LFBE and the main components changed related genes in the insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid oxidation, and synthesis. Following verification study using mutants confirmed that the daf-2 gene rather than the daf-16 gene was required in LFBE and main components regulating lipid metabolism, which also involved in the process of fatty acid β-oxidation and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Results demonstrated that LFBE and its main bioactivate compounds inhibited fat accumulation partly in a daf-2-dependent mechanism. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our previous studies have reported that extracts of fermented barley exhibited anti-obesity activity. However, little is known about which functional factors play a leading role in decreasing fat deposition and its precise mechanism. Results indicated that daf-2 mediated signaling pathways involved in the fat-lowering effects of LFBE and its main components. Our findings are beneficial to understand the main nutritional ingredients in LFBE which are ideal and expected in functional foods for the obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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8
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Xiao X, Tan C, Sun X, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Bai J, Dong Y, Zhou X. Fermented barley β-glucan regulates fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3408-3417. [PMID: 32166779 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barley contains a relatively high concentration of the mixed-linkage (1 → 3) (1 → 4) β-glucan, which has been reported to be a functional food with prebiotic potential. In the current study we compared the properties of two neutral barley β-glucans, obtained from raw barley: raw barley β-glucan (RBG) and Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1-fermented barley (FBG). RESULTS Molecular characteristics revealed that the molecular weight of barley β-glucan decreased from 1.13 × 105 D to 6.35 × 104 D after fermentation. Fermentation also improved the water / oil holding capacity, solubility, and swelling capacity of barley β-glucan. Both RBG and FBG significantly improved the locomotive behavior of nematodes, thereby increasing their energy consumption and reducing fat deposition - the effect was more significant with FBG. These effects could potentially depend on nhr-49, TGF-daf-7 mediated pathways and so on, in which nhr-49 factor is particularly required. CONCLUSION These results suggested that fermentation may enhance in vitro physiological activities of barley β-glucan, thereby altering the effects on the lipid metabolism in vivo. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cui Tan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinjuan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiayan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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9
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Purnamasari N, Nur Faridah D, Sri Laksmi Jenie B. KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT PREBIOTIK TEPUNG DALUGA HASIL MODIFIKASI HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN 2019. [DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2019.30.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Zheng J, Heber D, Wang M, Gao C, Heymsfield SB, Martin RJ, Greenway FL, Finley JW, Burton JH, Johnson WD, Enright FM, Keenan MJ, Li Z. Pomegranate juice and extract extended lifespan and reduced intestinal fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 87:149-158. [PMID: 31084484 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice with a high content of polyphenols, pomegranate extract, ellagic acid, and urolithin A, have anti-oxidant and anti-obesity effects in humans. Pomegranate juice extends lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) (n = 6) compared to the control group in each treatment, lifespan was increased by pomegranate juice in wild type (N2, 56 %, P < 0.001) and daf-16 mutant (daf-16(mgDf50)I) (18 %, P = 0.00012), by pomegranate extract in N2 (28 %, P = 0.00004) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (10 %, P < 0.05), or by ellagic acid (11 %, P < 0.05). Pomegranate juice reduced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in C. elegans (n = 10) N2 (-68 %, P = 0.0003) or in the daf-16(mgDf50)I (-33 %, P = 0.0034). The intestinal fat deposition was increased by pomegranate extract in N2 (137 %, P < 0.0138) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (26 %, P = 0.0225), by ellagic acid in N2 (66 %, P < 0.0001) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (74 %, P < 0.0001), or by urolithin A in N2 (57 %, P = 0.0039) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (43 %, P = 0.0001). These effects were partially mediated by the daf-16 pathway. The data may offer insights to human aging and obesity due to homology with C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Zheng
- 1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,2 School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - David Heber
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mingming Wang
- 2 School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chenfei Gao
- 2 School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- 1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Roy J Martin
- 4 Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Frank L Greenway
- 1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John W Finley
- 2 School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Burton
- 1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - William D Johnson
- 1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frederick M Enright
- 5 School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Michael J Keenan
- 1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,2 School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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β-Cryptoxanthin Reduces Body Fat and Increases Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020232. [PMID: 30678209 PMCID: PMC6412578 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) is a major dietary pro-vitamin A carotenoid, found mainly in fruits and vegetables. Several studies showed the beneficial effects of BCX on different aspects of human health. In spite of the evidence, the molecular mechanisms of action of BCX need to be further investigated. The Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to analyze in vivo the activity of BCX on fat reduction and protection to oxidative stress. Dose-response assays provided evidence of the efficacy of BCX at very low dose (0.025 µg/mL) (p < 0.001) on these processes. Moreover, a comparative analysis with other carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, showed a stronger effect of BCX. Furthermore, a transcriptomic analysis of wild-type nematodes supplemented with BCX revealed upregulation of the energy metabolism, response to stress, and protein homeostasis as the main metabolic targets of this xanthophyll. Collectively, this study provides new in vivo evidence of the potential therapeutic use of BCX in the prevention of diseases related to metabolic syndrome and aging.
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12
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Navarro-Herrera D, Aranaz P, Eder-Azanza L, Zabala M, Romo-Hualde A, Hurtado C, Calavia D, López-Yoldi M, Martínez JA, González-Navarro CJ, Vizmanos JL. Borago officinalis seed oil (BSO), a natural source of omega-6 fatty acids, attenuates fat accumulation by activating peroxisomal beta-oxidation both in C. elegans and in diet-induced obese rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:4340-4351. [PMID: 30043014 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical condition with increasing prevalence, characterized by an accumulation of excess fat that could be improved using some bioactive compounds. However, many of these compounds with in vitro activity fail to respond in vivo, probably due to the sophistication of the physiological energy regulatory networks. In this context, C. elegans has emerged as a plausible model for the identification and characterization of the effect of such compounds on fat storage in a complete organism. However, the results obtained in such a simple model are not easily extrapolated to more complex organisms such as mammals, which hinders its application in the short term. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain new experimental data about the evolutionary conservation of the mechanisms of fat loss between worms and mammals. Previously, we found that some omega-6 fatty acids promote fat loss in C. elegans by up-regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation in an omega-3 independent manner. In this work, we prove that the omega-6 fatty acids' effects on worms are also seen when they are supplemented with a natural omega-6 source (borage seed oil, BSO). Additionally, we explore the anti-obesity effects of two doses of BSO in a diet-induced obesity rat model, validating the up-regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. The supplementation with BSO significantly reduces body weight gain and energy efficiency and prevents white adipose tissue accumulation without affecting food intake. Moreover, BSO also increases serum HDL-cholesterol levels, improves insulin resistance and promotes the down-regulation of Cebpa, an adipogenesis-related gene. Therefore, we conclude that the effects of omega-6 fatty acids are highly conserved between worms and obesity-induced mammals, so these compounds could be considered to treat or prevent obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Navarro-Herrera
- University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Chang CH, Liao HXQ, Hsu FL, Ho CT, Liao VHC. N-ϒ-(l-Glutamyl)-l-Selenomethionine Inhibits Fat Storage via the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturases FAT-6 and FAT-7 and the Selenoprotein TRXR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800784. [PMID: 30467983 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Selenium is an important nutrient for human health. The influence of dietary selenium on lipid metabolism remains largely unknown. N-γ-(l-glutamyl)-l-selenomethionine (Glu-SeMet) on inhibition of fat accumulation and its underlying mechanisms in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Triacylglyceride quantification and post-fixed Nile red staining methods are conducted to evaluate fat accumulation in wild-type N2 worms in normal or high-glucose diet. Glu-SeMet (0.01 µm) treatment effectively reduces fat storage in wild-type N2 C. elegans in both a normal and high-glucose diet. Further evidence shows that Glu-SeMet (0.01 µm) decreases the ratio of oleic acid/stearic acid (C18:1Δ9/C18:0) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The mRNA levels of fatty acid stearoyl-CoA desaturases, FAT-6 and FAT-7, and the mediator-15 (MDT-15) are downregulated while the wild-type N2 worms are co-treated with high glucose and Glu-SeMet (0.01 µm). The effect of reduced fat accumulation is absent in fat-6, fat-7, and trxr-1 mutant worms under high glucose and Glu-SeMet (0.01 µm) co-treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Glu-SeMet inhibiting fat accumulation may be associated with FAT-6 and FAT-7 and the selenoprotein TRXR-1 in C. elegans. This study implies a potential for Glu-SeMet as a new treatment for obesity or its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Harrison Xian-Qi Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Lan Hsu
- Forest Chemistry Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nanhai Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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14
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Zeng H, Chen P, Chen C, Huang C, Lin S, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Structural properties and prebiotic activities of fractionated lotus seed resistant starches. Food Chem 2018; 251:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Zeng H, Huang C, Lin S, Zheng M, Chen C, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Lotus Seed Resistant Starch Regulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Mineral Absorption in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9217-9225. [PMID: 28954513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lotus seed resistant starch, known as resistant starch type 3 (LRS3), was orally administered to mice to investigate its effects on the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and mineral absorption. The results showed that mice fed LRS3 displayed a lower level of gut bacterial diversity than other groups. The numbers of starch-utilizing and butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridium, respectively, in mice increased after the administration of medium and high doses of LRS3, while those of Rikenellaceae and Porphyromonadaceae decreased. Furthermore, SCFAs and lactic acid in mice feces were affected by LRS3, and lactate was fermented to butyrate by gut microbiota. LRS3 enhanced the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and iron, and this was dependent on the type and concentration of SCFAs, especially butyrate. Thus, LRS3 promoted the production of SCFAs and mineral absorption by regulating gut microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Chuanjie Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
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16
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Graf BL, Kamat S, Cheong KY, Komarnytsky S, Driscoll M, Di R. Phytoecdysteroid-enriched quinoa seed leachate enhances healthspan and mitochondrial metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Shen P, Yue Y, Park Y. A living model for obesity and aging research:Caenorhabditis elegans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:741-754. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1220914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans model is a rapid and inexpensive method to address pharmacologic questions. We describe the use of C. elegans to explore 2 pharmacologic questions concerning candidate antiobesity drugs and illustrate its potential usefulness in pharmacologic research: (1) to determine a ratio of betahistine-olanzapine that blocks the olanzapine-induced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) as detected by Nile red staining and (2) to identify the mechanism of action of a pharmaceutical candidate AB-101 that reduces IFD. Olanzapine (53 μg/mL) increased the IFD (12.1 ± 0.1%, P < 0.02), which was blocked by betahistine (763 μg/mL, 39.3 ± 0.01%, P < 0.05) in wild-type C. elegans (N2). AB-101 (1.0%) reduced the IFD in N2 (P < 0.05), increased the pharyngeal pumping rate (P < 0.05), and reversed the elevated IFD induced by protease inhibitors atazanavir and ritonavir (P < 0.05). AB-101 did not affect IFD in a ACS null mutant strain acs-4(ok2872) III/hT2[bli-4(e937) let-?(q782) qIs48](I;III) suggesting an involvement of the lipid oxidation pathway and an upregulation of CPT-1. Our studies suggest that C. elegans may be used as a resource in pharmacologic research. This article is intended to stimulate a greater appreciation of its value in the development of new pharmaceutical interventions.
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19
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Zheng J, Gao C, Wang M, Tran P, Mai N, Finley JW, Heymsfield SB, Greenway FL, Li Z, Heber D, Burton JH, Johnson WD, Laine RA. Lower Doses of Fructose Extend Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:264-277. [PMID: 27680107 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1212959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that the increased consumption of sugars including sucrose and fructose in beverages correlate with the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in humans. A few reports suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Anopheles gambiae, fructose, glucose, or glucose plus fructose also extended lifespan. New results presented here suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) wild type (N2). C. elegans were fed standard laboratory food source (E. coli OP50), maintained in liquid culture. Experimental groups received additional glucose (111 mM), fructose (55 mM, 111 mM, or 555 mM), sucrose (55 mM, 111 mM, or 555 mM), glucose (167 mM) plus fructose (167 mM) (G&F), or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS, 333 mM). In four replicate experiments, fructose dose-dependently increased mean lifespan at 55 mM or 111 m Min N2, but decreased lifespan at 555 mM (P < 0.001). Sucrose did not affect the lifespan. Glucose reduced lifespan (P < 0.001). Equal amount of G&F or HFCS reduced lifespan (P < 0.0001). Intestinal fat deposition (IFD) was increased at a higher dose of fructose (555 mM), glucose (111 mM), and sucrose (55 mM, 111 mM, and 555 mM). Here we report a biphasic effect of fructose increasing lifespan at lower doses and shortening lifespan at higher doses with an inverse effect on IFD. In view of reports that fructose increases lifespan in yeast, mosquitoes and now nematodes, while decreasing fat deposition (in nematodes) at lower concentrations, further research into the relationship of fructose to lifespan and fat accumulation in vertebrates and mammals is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Zheng
- a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Chenfei Gao
- b School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agriculture Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Mingming Wang
- b School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agriculture Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Phuongmai Tran
- c Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Nancy Mai
- c Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - John W Finley
- b School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agriculture Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Frank L Greenway
- a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- d Department of Nutrition , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - David Heber
- d Department of Nutrition , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jeffrey H Burton
- a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - William D Johnson
- a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Roger A Laine
- c Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
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20
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Exercise in an electrotactic flow chamber ameliorates age-related degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28064. [PMID: 27305857 PMCID: PMC4910109 DOI: 10.1038/srep28064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration is a senescence process that occurs in all living organisms. Although tremendous efforts have been exerted to alleviate this degenerative tendency, minimal progress has been achieved to date. The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which shares over 60% genetic similarities with humans, is a model animal that is commonly used in studies on genetics, neuroscience, and molecular gerontology. However, studying the effect of exercise on C. elegans is difficult because of its small size unlike larger animals. To this end, we fabricated a flow chamber, called “worm treadmill,” to drive worms to exercise through swimming. In the device, the worms were oriented by electrotaxis on demand. After the exercise treatment, the lifespan, lipofuscin, reproductive capacity, and locomotive power of the worms were analyzed. The wild-type and the Alzheimer’s disease model strains were utilized in the assessment. Although degeneration remained irreversible, both exercise-treated strains indicated an improved tendency compared with their control counterparts. Furthermore, low oxidative stress and lipofuscin accumulation were also observed among the exercise-treated worms. We conjecture that escalated antioxidant enzymes imparted the worms with an extra capacity to scavenge excessive oxidative stress from their bodies, which alleviated the adverse effects of degeneration. Our study highlights the significance of exercise in degeneration from the perspective of the simple life form, C. elegans.
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21
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Sun Q, Yue Y, Shen P, Yang JJ, Park Y. Cranberry Product Decreases Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Med Food 2016; 19:427-33. [PMID: 26991055 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry phenolic compounds have been linked to many health benefits. A recent report suggested that cranberry bioactives inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of the cranberry product (CP) on lipid metabolism using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. CP (0.016% and 0.08%) dose-dependently reduced overall fat accumulation in C. elegans (N2, wild type) by 43% and 74%, respectively, without affecting its pumping rates or locomotive activities. CP decreased fat accumulation in aak-2 (an ortholog of AMP-activated kinase α) and tub-1 (an ortholog of TUBBY) mutants significantly, but only minimal effects were observed in sbp-1 (an ortholog of sterol response element-binding protein-1) and nhr-49 (an ortholog of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) mutant strains. We further confirmed that CP downregulated sbp-1, cebp, and hosl-1 (an ortholog of hormone-sensitive lipase homolog) expression, while increasing the expression of nhr-49 in wild-type C. elegans. These results suggest that CP could effectively reduce fat accumulation in C. elegans dependent on sbp-1, cebp, and nhr-49, but not aak-2 and tub-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancai Sun
- 1 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- 1 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiyi Shen
- 1 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy J Yang
- 2 Amherst Regional High School , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- 1 Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Zheng J, Wang M, Wei W, Keller JN, Adhikari B, King JF, King ML, Peng N, Laine RA. Dietary Plant Lectins Appear to Be Transported from the Gut to Gain Access to and Alter Dopaminergic Neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans, a Potential Etiology of Parkinson's Disease. Front Nutr 2016; 3:7. [PMID: 27014695 PMCID: PMC4780318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins from dietary plants have been shown to enhance drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of rats, be transported trans-synaptically as shown by tracing of axonal and dendritic paths, and enhance gene delivery. Other carbohydrate-binding protein toxins are known to traverse the gut intact in dogs. Post-feeding rhodamine- or TRITC-tagged dietary lectins, the lectins were tracked from gut to dopaminergic neurons (DAergic-N) in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) [egIs1(Pdat-1:GFP)] where the mutant has the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene fused to a dopamine transport protein gene labeling DAergic-N. The lectins were supplemented along with the food organism Escherichia coli (OP50). Among nine tested rhodamine/TRITC-tagged lectins, four, including Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS-I), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA), appeared to be transported from gut to the GFP-DAergic-N. Griffonia Simplicifolia and PHA-E, reduced the number of GFP-DAergic-N, suggesting a toxic activity. PHA-E, BS-I, Pisum sativum (PSA), and Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (Succinylated) reduced fluorescent intensity of GFP-DAergic-N. PHA-E, PSA, Concanavalin A, and Triticum vulgaris agglutinin decreased the size of GFP-DAergic-N, while BS-I increased neuron size. These observations suggest that dietary plant lectins are transported to and affect DAergic-N in C. elegans, which support Braak and Hawkes' hypothesis, suggesting one alternate potential dietary etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). A recent Danish study showed that vagotomy resulted in 40% lower incidence of PD over 20 years. Differences in inherited sugar structures of gut and neuronal cell surfaces may make some individuals more susceptible in this conceptual disease etiology model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Zheng
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mingming Wang
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Wenqian Wei
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeffrey N. Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Binita Adhikari
- Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA
- Louisiana Biomedical Research Network (LBRN) Summer Research Program (2010), Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jason F. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Michael L. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Nan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roger A. Laine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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23
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Gao C, King ML, Fitzpatrick ZL, Wei W, King JF, Wang M, Greenway FL, Finley JW, Burton JH, Johnson WD, Keenan MJ, Enright FM, Martin RJ, Zheng J. Prowashonupana barley dietary fibre reduces body fat and increases insulin sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans model. J Funct Foods 2015; 18:564-574. [PMID: 27721901 PMCID: PMC5052015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prowashonupana barley (PWB) is high in β-glucan with moderate content of resistant starch. PWB reduced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in wild type Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans, N2), and in sir-2.1 or daf-16 null mutants, and sustained a surrogate marker of lifespan, pharyngeal pumping rate (PPR), in N2, sir-2.1, daf-16, or daf-16/daf-2 mutants. Hyperglycaemia (2% glucose) reversed or reduced the PWB effect on IFD in N2 or daf-16/daf-2 mutants with a sustained PPR. mRNA expression of cpt-1, cpt-2, ckr-1, and gcy-8 were dose-dependently reduced in N2 or daf-16 mutants, elevated in daf-16/daf-2 mutants with reduction in cpt-1, and unchanged in sir-2.1 mutants. mRNA expressions were increased by hyperglycaemia in N2 or daf-16/daf-2 mutants, while reduced in sir-2.1 or daf-16 mutants. The effects of PWB in the C. elegans model appeared to be primarily mediated via sir-2.1, daf-16, and daf-16/daf-2. These data suggest that PWB and β-glucans may benefit hyperglycaemia-impaired lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Gao
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of
Agriculture
| | | | | | - Wenqian Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jason F. King
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of
Agriculture
| | - Mingming Wang
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of
Agriculture
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center; Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, 70808
| | - John W. Finley
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of
Agriculture
| | - Jeffrey H. Burton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center; Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, 70808
| | - William D. Johnson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center; Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, 70808
| | - Michael J. Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of
Agriculture
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center; Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, 70808
| | | | | | - Jolene Zheng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center; Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, 70808
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Gao C, Gao Z, Greenway FL, Burton JH, Johnson WD, Keenan MJ, Enright FM, Martin RJ, Chu Y, Zheng J. Oat consumption reduced intestinal fat deposition and improved health span in Caenorhabditis elegans model. Nutr Res 2015; 35:834-43. [PMID: 26253816 PMCID: PMC4561582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their fermentable dietary fiber and the soluble β-glucan fiber, oats have unique avenanthramides that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that reduce coronary heart disease in human clinical trials. We hypothesized that oat consumption will increase insulin sensitivity, reduce body fat, and improve health span in Caenorhabditis elegans through a mechanism involving the daf-2 gene, which codes for the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1–like receptor, and that hyperglycemia will attenuate these changes. Caenorhabditis elegans wild type (N2) and the null strains sir-2.1, daf-16, and daf-16/daf-2 were fed Escherichia coli (OP50) and oat flakes (0.5%, 1.0%, or 3%) with and without 2% glucose. Oat feeding decreased intestinal fat deposition in N2, daf-16, or daf-16/daf-2 strains (P < .05); and glucose did not affect intestinal fat deposition response. The N2, daf-16, or sir-2.1 mutant increased the pharyngeal pumping rate (P < .05), a surrogate marker of life span, following oat consumption. Oat consumption increased ckr-1, gcy-8, cpt-1, and cpt-2 mRNA expression in both the N2 and the sir-2.1 mutant, with significantly higher expression in sir-2.1 than in N2 (P < .01). Additional glucose further increased expression 1.5-fold of the 4 genes in N2 (P < .01), decreased the expression of all except cpt-1 in the daf-16 mutant, and reduced mRNA expression of the 4 genes in the daf-16/daf-2 mutant (P < .01). These data suggest that oat consumption reduced fat storage and increased ckr-1, gcy-8, cpt-1, or cpt-2 through the sir-2.1 genetic pathway. Oat consumption may be a beneficial dietary intervention for reducing fat accumulation, augmenting health span, and improving hyperglycemia-impaired lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Gao
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Frank L Greenway
- Outpatient unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Jeffrey H Burton
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - William D Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Michael J Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Frederick M Enright
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | | | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Global R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, 60010
| | - Jolene Zheng
- Bioactive Screening Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808.
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Aryana K, Greenway F, Dhurandhar N, Tulley R, Finley J, Keenan M, Martin R, Pelkman C, Olson D, Zheng J. A resistant-starch enriched yogurt: fermentability, sensory characteristics, and a pilot study in children. F1000Res 2015; 4:139. [PMID: 26925221 PMCID: PMC4712773 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6451.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and the vulnerability of the pediatric age group have highlighted the critical need for a careful consideration of effective, safe, remedial and preventive dietary interventions. Amylose starch (RS2) from high-amylose maize (HAM) ferments in the gut and affects body weight. One hundred and ten children, of 7-8 (n=91) or 13-14 (n=19) years of age scored the sensory qualities of a yogurt supplemented with either HAM-RS2 or an amylopectin starch. The amylopectin starch yogurt was preferred to the HAM-RS2-enriched yogurt by 7-8 year old panelists (
P<0.0001). Appearance, taste, and sandiness scores given by 13- to 14-year-old panelists were more favorable for the amylopectin starch yogurt than for HAM-RS2-enriched yogurt (
P<0.05). HAM-RS2 supplementation resulted in acceptable (≥6 on a 1-9 scale) sensory and hedonic ratings of the yogurt in 74% of subjects. Four children consumed a HAM-RS2-enriched yogurt for four weeks to test its fermentability in a clinical trial. Three adolescents, but not the single pre-pubertal child, had reduced stool pH (
P=0.1) and increased stool short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (
P<0.05) including increased fecal acetate (
P=0.02), and butyrate (
P=0.089) from resistant starch (RS) fermentation and isobutyrate (
P=0.01) from protein fermentation post-treatment suggesting a favorable change to the gut microbiota. HAM-RS2 was not modified by pasteurization of the yogurt, and may be a palatable way to increase fiber intake and stimulate colonic fermentation in adolescents. Future studies are planned to determine the concentration of HAM-RS2 that offers the optimal safe and effective strategy to prevent excessive fat gain in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayanush Aryana
- School of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Frank Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Nikhil Dhurandhar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Richard Tulley
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - John Finley
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Michael Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Roy Martin
- University of California, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Douglas Olson
- School of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jolene Zheng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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Zheng J, Greenway FL, Heymsfield SB, Johnson WD, King JF, King MJ, Gao C, Chu YF, Finley JW. Effects of three intense sweeteners on fat storage in the C. elegans model. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 215:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Finley JW, Sandlin C, Holliday DL, Keenan MJ, Prinyawiwatkul W, Zheng J. Legumes reduced intestinal fat deposition in the Caenorhabditis elegans model system. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Deckardt K, Khol-Parisini A, Zebeli Q. Peculiarities of enhancing resistant starch in ruminants using chemical methods: opportunities and challenges. Nutrients 2013; 5:1970-88. [PMID: 23736826 PMCID: PMC3725487 DOI: 10.3390/nu5061970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High-producing ruminants are fed high amounts of cereal grains, at the expense of dietary fiber, to meet their high energy demands. Grains consist mainly of starch, which is easily degraded in the rumen by microbial glycosidases, providing energy for rapid growth of rumen microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as the main energy source for the host. Yet, low dietary fiber contents and the rapid accumulation of SCFA lead to rumen disorders in cattle. The chemical processing of grains has become increasingly important to confer their starch resistances against rumen microbial glycosidases, hence generating ruminally resistant starch (RRS). In ruminants, unlike monogastric species, the strategy of enhancing resistant starch is useful, not only in lowering the amount of carbohydrate substrates available for digestion in the upper gut sections, but also in enhancing the net hepatic glucose supply, which can be utilized by the host more efficiently than the hepatic gluconeogenesis of SCFA. The use of chemical methods to enhance the RRS of grains and the feeding of RRS face challenges in the practice; therefore, the present article attempts to summarize the most important achievements in the chemical processing methods used to generate RRS, and review advantages and challenges of feeding RRS to ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Deckardt
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria.
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Martorell P, Llopis S, González N, Montón F, Ortiz P, Genovés S, Ramón D. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study the effectiveness and metabolic targets of dietary supplements used for obesity treatment: the specific case of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture (Tonalin). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11071-11079. [PMID: 23072574 DOI: 10.1021/jf3031138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The antiobesity effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has previously been described in different animal models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a commercial mixture (Tonalin) on Caenorhabditis elegans to assess their potential use for functional ingredient screenings. Body-fat reduction with Tonalin was demonstrated in wild-type strain N2. The 1 μg/mL dose was the most effective, either alone or added to a food matrix, and also significantly decreased triglyceride content in nematodes fed on the CLA mixture. Furthermore, the antiobesity effect was related to the CLA isomer trans-10, cis-12. Finally, the transcriptional study showed C. elegans fed with Tonalin (1 μg/mL) underwent an upregulation of energy metabolism, reproduction, protein metabolism and oxidative stress processes. In conclusion, the results presented here clearly correlate well with other animal studies, demonstrating the value of C. elegans as a useful model to evaluate antiobesity compounds/ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martorell
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
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