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Toomer OT, Oviedo-Rondón EO, Ali M, Joseph M, Vu T, Fallen B, Mian R. Full-Fat Soybean Meals as an Alternative Poultry Feed Ingredient-Feed Processing Methods and Utilization-Review and Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2366. [PMID: 39199900 PMCID: PMC11350767 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
On a global scale, the poultry industry expands its wings in terms of meat and egg production to the masses. However, this industry itself requires a sustainable and permanent supply of different inputs, one of which is poultry feed and nutrition. Soybean is a versatile protein that is offered to poultry in different inclusion rates in commercial diets after being processed using various thermal and mechanical processing methods. Conventional commercial soybean meal is usually prepared by the extraction of oil from whole soybeans using solvents, producing a meal that has approximately 1% crude fat. Without oil extraction, full-fat soybean (FFSBM) is produced, and it is an excellent source of dietary energy and protein for poultry with a nutritional profile of 38-40% protein and 18-20% crude fat, on average. FFSBM has less crude protein (CP) than solvent-extracted soybean meal (SE SBM) but higher metabolizable energy due to higher fat content. Alternatively, extruded expeller processing produces defatted soybean meal containing approximately 6-7% crude fat. Studies have demonstrated that FFSBM can be used in poultry diets to improve poultry nutrition, performance, and quality of the poultry meat and eggs produced. This review aims to evaluate the nutrition and use of meals prepared from conventional and high-oleic soybeans using various feed processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T. Toomer
- Food Science & Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Edgar Orlando Oviedo-Rondón
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (E.O.O.-R.); (M.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (E.O.O.-R.); (M.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Michael Joseph
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (E.O.O.-R.); (M.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Thien Vu
- Food Science & Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ben Fallen
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Rouf Mian
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.F.); (R.M.)
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Qiu M, Wang N, Pend J, Li Y, Li L, Xie X. Ultrasound-assisted reverse micelle extraction and characterization of tea protein from tea residue. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4068-4076. [PMID: 36495023 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, ultrasonic-assisted reverse micelles were used to extract tea protein from tea residues. First, the extraction conditions of ultrasonic power, ionic strength and pH were optimized by response surface methodology. Then, structural comparison of ultrasonic-assisted reverse micelle extraction of tea protein (UARME) and ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction (UAAE) were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and amino acid composition. RESULTS The optimum process conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 300 W, KCl 0.15 mol L-1 , pH 8. The extraction rate was 46.29%, which was close to the theoretical value (46.44%). SEM showed that the protein particles extracted by UARME were smaller than those by UAAE. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that the protein extracted by UARME had higher α-helix, β-sheet and β-turn, and the contents were 20%, 62.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The content of random coil was 0%, which was significantly lower than that of alkali extraction, indicating that the secondary structure of protein extracted by UARME was more orderly. By comparing the amino acid composition of the two methods, the amino acid content of tea protein extracted by UARME was significantly higher than that of UAAE. CONCLUSION The biological activity of tea protein is closely related to its structure. Compared with alkali extraction, reverse micelles can better protect the secondary structure of proteins, which is of great significance for studying their functional properties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Qiu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Pend
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Xie
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Guangzhou, China
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Anjum S, Rana S, Dasila K, Agnihotri V, Pandey A, Pande V. Comparative nutritional and antimicrobial analysis of Himalayan black and yellow soybean and their okara. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5358-5367. [PMID: 35318666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is believed to have good nutraceutical potential which is important for human health. Yellow soybean (YS) is generally used for the production of soymilk and other products, while black soybean (BS) is less explored. During the production of soymilk, residue, called okara is generated which is reported to have a good amount of nutrient content. Studies are generally performed with YS while BS is less explored. The present work is a comparison of the nutraceutical potential of BS and YS and their okara, mainly in terms of proximate, minerals, antinutrients, and isoflavone content and bioactivity of all types of samples in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. RESULTS Compared to raw soybean, protein content decreased significantly in both types of okara. Phytochemicals like ascorbic acid, catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) high in BS residue in comparison to respective raw soybean. Among isoflavones, daidzin and genistin were found significantly varying among all the samples, and glycitin and glycitein were not present in YS. CONCLUSION The nutraceutical potential and antimicrobial activity were comparative for both the raw beans and their okara, while the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity were higher in the case of BS and its okara. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Anjum
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Smita Rana
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Khashti Dasila
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Vasudha Agnihotri
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
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Dhungana SK, Seo JH, Kang BK, Park JH, Kim JH, Sung JS, Baek IY, Shin SO, Jung CS. Protein, Amino Acid, Oil, Fatty Acid, Sugar, Anthocyanin, Isoflavone, Lutein, and Antioxidant Variations in Colored Seed-Coated Soybeans. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1765. [PMID: 34579299 PMCID: PMC8468453 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different physiological and genetic studies show that the variations in the accumulation of pigment-stimulating metabolites result in color differences in soybean seed coats. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutrient contents and antioxidant potential in black, brown, and green seed-coated soybeans. Significant variations in protein (38.9-43.3%), oil (13.9-20.4%), total sugar (63.5-97.0 mg/g seed), total anthocyanin (3826.0-21,856.0 μg/g seed coat), total isoflavone (709.5-3394.3 μg/g seed), lutein (1.9-14.8 μg/g), total polyphenol (123.0-385.8 mg gallic acid/100 g seed), total flavonoid (22.1-208.5 mg catechin/100 g seed), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS; 275.0-818.8 mg Trolox/100 g seed), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; 96.3-579.7 mg Trolox/100 g seed) were found among the soybean genotypes. Ilpumgeomjeong2 contained the lowest protein but the highest oil and total sugar. The lowest oil-containing Wonheug had the highest protein content. Socheong2 was rich in all four variables of antioxidants. Anthocyanins were detected only in black soybeans but not in brown and green soybeans. The variation in isoflavone content was up to 5-fold among the soybean genotypes. This study could be a valuable resource for the selection and improvement of soybean because an understanding of the nutrient content and antioxidant potentials is useful to develop effective strategies for improving the economic traits; for example, the major emphasis of soybean breeding for fatty acids is to enhance the oleic and linoleic acid contents and to decrease linolenic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong-Hyun Seo
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-S.S.); (I.-Y.B.); (S.-O.S.); (C.-S.J.)
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Choi YM, Yoon H, Shin MJ, Lee Y, Hur OS, Lee BC, Ha BK, Wang X, Desta KT. Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds of Different Seed Coat Colors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1210. [PMID: 34439461 PMCID: PMC8388989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed coat color is one of the main agronomical traits that determine the chemical quality of soybean seeds and has been used as a parameter during cultivar development. In this study, seeds of yellow (n = 10), greenish-yellow (n = 5), and light-yellow (n = 4) soybean accessions were evaluated for their contents of total protein, total oil, total phenolic (TPC), and five prominent fatty acids including palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LLA), relative to a control cultivar, and the effect of seed coat color on each was investigated. Antioxidant activity was also evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results showed significant variations of metabolite contents and antioxidant activities between the soybeans. The average TPC, DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and FRAP were each in the order of greenish-yellow > yellow > light-yellow soybeans. In contrast, light-yellow soybeans contained a high level of OA and low levels of SA, LA, and LLA, each except LA differing significantly from yellow and greenish-yellow soybeans (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that greenish-yellow and light-yellow soybeans could be good sources of antioxidants and high-quality soybean oil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Choi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Hyemyeong Yoon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Myoung-Jae Shin
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - On Sook Hur
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Bong Choon Lee
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Bo-Keun Ha
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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Krishnan HB, Kim WS, Oehrle NW, Smith JR, Gillman JD. Effect of Heat Stress on Seed Protein Composition and Ultrastructure of Protein Storage Vacuoles in the Cotyledonary Parenchyma Cells of Soybean Genotypes That Are Either Tolerant or Sensitive to Elevated Temperatures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4775. [PMID: 32635665 PMCID: PMC7370294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High growth temperatures negatively affect soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) yields and seed quality. Soybean plants, heat stressed during seed development, produce seed that exhibit wrinkling, discoloration, poor seed germination, and have an increased potential for incidence of pathogen infection and an overall decrease in economic value. Soybean breeders have identified a heat stress tolerant exotic landrace genotype, which has been used in traditional hybridization to generate experimental genotypes, with improved seed yield and heat tolerance. Here, we have investigated the seed protein composition and ultrastructure of cotyledonary parenchyma cells of soybean genotypes that are either susceptible or tolerant to high growth temperatures. Biochemical analyses of seed proteins isolated from heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive genotypes produced under 28/22 °C (control), 36/24 °C (moderate), and 42/26 °C (extreme) day/night temperatures revealed that the accumulation in soybean seeds of lipoxygenase, the β-subunit of β-conglycinin, sucrose binding protein and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor were negatively impacted by extreme heat stress in both genotypes, but these effects were less pronounced in the heat-tolerant genotype. Western blot analysis showed elevated accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP17.6) in both lines in response to elevated temperatures during seed fill. Transmission electron microscopy showed that heat stress caused dramatic structural changes in the storage parenchyma cells. Extreme heat stress disrupted the structure and the membrane integrity of protein storage vacuoles, organelles that accumulate seed storage proteins. The detachment of the plasma membrane from the cell wall (plasmolysis) was commonly observed in the cells of the sensitive line. In contrast, these structural changes were less pronounced in the tolerant genotype, even under extreme heat stress, cells, for the most part, retained their structural integrity. The results of our study demonstrate the contrasting effects of heat stress on the seed protein composition and ultrastructural alterations that contribute to the tolerant genotype's ability to tolerate high temperatures during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari B. Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.W.O.); (J.D.G.)
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Nathan W. Oehrle
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.W.O.); (J.D.G.)
| | | | - Jason D. Gillman
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.W.O.); (J.D.G.)
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Alghamdi SS, Khan MA, El-Harty EH, Ammar MH, Farooq M, Migdadi HM. Comparative phytochemical profiling of different soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr) genotypes using GC-MS. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:15-21. [PMID: 29379350 PMCID: PMC5775105 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the proximate, phenolic and flavonoids contents and phytochemicals present in seeds of twenty four soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) genotypes to explore their nutritional and medicinal values. Crude protein composition ranged between 35.63 and 43.13% in Argentinian and USA (Clark) genotypes, respectively. Total phenolic content varied from 1.15 to 1.77 mg GAE/g, whereas flavonoids varied from 0.68 to 2.13 mg QE/g. The GC-MS analysis resulted identification of 88 compounds categorized into aldehydes (5), ketones (13), alcohols (5), carboxylic acids (7), esters (13), alkanes (2), heterocyclic compounds (19), phenolic compound (9), sugar moiety (7) ether (4) and amide (3), one Alkene and one fatty acid ester. Indonesian genotypes (Ijen and Indo-1) had the highest phenolic compounds than others genotype having antioxidant activities, while the Australian genotype contains the maximum in esters compounds. The major phytocompounds identified in majority of genotypes were Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone, 1,2-cyclopentanedione and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester. The presence of phytochemicals with strong pharmacological actions like antimicrobial and antioxidants activities could be considered as sources of quality raw materials for food and pharmaceutical industries. This study further set a platform for isolating and understanding the characteristics of each compound for it pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem S. Alghamdi
- Legume Research Group, Plant Production Department, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A. Khan
- Legume Research Group, Plant Production Department, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab H. El-Harty
- Legume Research Group, Plant Production Department, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megahed H. Ammar
- Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha 33717, KafrEl-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Legume Research Group, Plant Production Department, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Hussein M. Migdadi
- Legume Research Group, Plant Production Department, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Xu G, Singh S, Barnaby J, Buyer J, Reddy V, Sicher R. Effects of growth temperature and carbon dioxide enrichment on soybean seed components at different stages of development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:313-322. [PMID: 27494565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soybean plants were grown to maturity in controlled environment chambers and at the onset of flowering three temperature treatments were imposed that provided optimum [28/24 °C], low [22/18 °C] or high [36/32 °C] chamber air temperatures. In addition, plants were treated continuously with either 400 or 800 μmol mol-1 CO2. Seeds were harvested at 42, 53, 69 and 95 days after planting (i.e., final maturity). This study quantified 51 metabolites in developing soybean seeds, plus total lipids and proteins were measured at maturity. About 80% of measured soluble carbohydrates, amines and organic acids decreased to low levels in mature seeds, although important exceptions were raffinose, ribose/arabinose, citrate and all eight fatty acids. This suggested that the metabolism of young seeds supported lipid and protein synthesis. A total of 35 and 9 metabolites differed among temperature and CO2 treatments, respectively, and treatment effects were predominately observed on the first and second samplings. However, shikimate, pinitol and oleate were increased by high temperature treatments in mature seeds. The above results indicated that CO2 enrichment primarily altered metabolite levels during the initial stages of seed development and this was likely due to enhanced photosynthate formation in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Xu
- Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shardendu Singh
- Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jinyoung Barnaby
- Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jeffrey Buyer
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 245, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Vangimalla Reddy
- Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Richard Sicher
- Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Zhao X, Chen J, Lu Z, Ling X, Deng P, Zhu Q, Du F. Analysis of the amino acids of soy globulins by AOT reverse micelles and aqueous buffer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:802-13. [PMID: 21647686 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 7S and 11S globulins from soybean proteins using reverse micelle and aqueous buffer extraction methods were characterized by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their amino acid compositions were also evaluated. SDS-PAGE did not show electrophoretic differences between 7S and 11S globulin subunits with two extraction methods. SEM analysis showed that the AOT reverse micelle processing of 7S and 11S globulins induced a reduction of droplet size. Some individual amino acid contents of 7S and 11S globulins using two extraction methods were different, some were similar. In all the samples, the glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and leucine were the dominant amino acids while the cystine and methionine were the first-limiting amino acids. The proportion of essential amino acids to the total amino acids (E/T) of the 7S globulin from aqueous buffer and reverse micelles was similar. While significant differences were obtained in the proportion of E/T of the 11S globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198, Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China.
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Hubalkova Z, Rencova E. One-step multiplex PCR method for the determination of pecan and Brazil nut allergens in food products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2407-2411. [PMID: 21618547 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the simultaneous detection of the major allergens of pecan and Brazil nuts was developed. Primer pairs for the amplification of partial sequences of genes encoding the allergens were designed and tested for their specificity on a range of food components. RESULTS The targeted amplicon size was 173 bp of Ber e 1 gene of Brazil nuts and 72 bp of vicilin-like seed storage protein gene in pecan nuts. The primer pair detecting the noncoding region of the chloroplast DNA was used as the internal control of amplification. The intrinsic detection limit of the PCR method was 100 pg mL(-1) pecan or Brazil nuts DNA. The practical detection limit was 0.1% w/w (1 g kg(-1)). The method was applied for the investigation of 63 samples with the declaration of pecans, Brazil nuts, other different nut species or nuts generally. In 15 food samples pecans and Brazil nuts allergens were identified in the conformity with the food declaration. CONCLUSION The presented multiplex PCR method is specific enough and can be used as a fast approach for the detection of major allergens of pecan or Brazil nuts in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Hubalkova
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zilić SM, Barać MB, Pesić MB, Mladenović Drinić SD, Ignjatović-Micić DD, Srebrić MB. Characterization of proteins from kernel of different soybean varieties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:60-7. [PMID: 20812371 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total soybean proteins, storage proteins, glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S) fractions and their respective subunits in seven soybean varieties were analyzed. In this work we also present the correlation between concentration and activity of bioactive proteins, lipoxygenase and proteinase inhibitors. RESULTS Glycinin and β-conglycinin comprise about 750 g kg(-1) of the bean storage protein and as such account for both quantity and quality of the kernel protein. The 11S concentration of the varieties studied ranged from 503.4 to 602.9 g kg(-1) and those of 7S varied from 178.2 to 230.6 g kg(-1) of total extractable proteins. The ratio of 11S/7S proteins varied from 2.43 to 3.29 among the varieties. A very strong positive correlation was found between the concentration of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and activity of total trypsin inhibitor (r = 0.96). However, lipoxygenase concentration did not show a strong correlation with lipoxygenase activity. CONCLUSION It appears that among the seven ZP soybean genotypes there are genotypes with different amounts of subunits that should be bred in the future for a desired level of protein components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladana M Zilić
- Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Department of Technology, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
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Kwanyuen P, Burton JW. A Modified Amino Acid Analysis Using PITC Derivatization for Soybeans with Accurate Determination of Cysteine and Half-Cystine. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Protein quality and identification of the storage protein subunits of tofu and null soybean genotypes, using amino acid analysis, one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zarkadas CG, Gagnon C, Gleddie S, Khanizadeh S, Cober ER, Guillemette RJ. Assessment of the protein quality of fourteen soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars using amino acid analysis and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Food Res Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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