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Adams SJ, Avula B, Katragunta K, Saroja SG, Zhao J, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Microscopy, HPTLC, and LC-DAD-Q-ToF validation of nut-based weight-loss dietary supplements, Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut) and Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:468-478. [PMID: 38557311 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2334309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut) and Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) are marketed as dietary supplements for weight loss. These dietary supplements have been found to sometimes be adulterated with toxic nuts/seeds from Cascabela thevetia, commonly known as yellow oleander or lucky nut. This study emphasizes the key identification parameters to differentiate the genuine and adulterated nuts. Samples were obtained from authenticated sources of the nuts and from commercial sources of dietary supplements. This study examined 38 samples, including voucher and commercial samples. All eight commercial candlenut dietary supplement samples were adulterated. Additionally, two samples sold as Brazil nuts were also found to be adulterated. Other nuts were screened for the presence of Cardiac Glycosides, but none were found to be positive. The presence of yellow oleander was confirmed in all commercial dietary supplement samples marketed as candlenut as well as in commercial samples of Brazil nut. This study provides simple key identification characters using micro-morphology and histochemical localization of cardiac glycosides in the commercial nuts, HPTLC fingerprints, and LC-DAD-Q-ToF analytical parameters to detect and identify adulteration in commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian John Adams
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Seethapathy G Saroja
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Bio Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Macan TP, Magenis ML, Damiani AP, Monteiro IDO, Silveira GDB, Zaccaron RP, Silveira PCL, Teixeira JPF, Gajski G, Andrade VMD. Brazil nut consumption reduces DNA damage in overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2024; 895:503739. [PMID: 38575248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease, which occurs largely due to unhealthy lifestyle. As oxidative stress is believed to promote T2D, by inducing damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, appropriate dietary interventions seem critical to prevent, manage, and even reverse this condition. Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa, H.B.K.) are nature's richest source of selenium, a mineral that has shown several health benefits. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of selenium consumption, through Brazil nuts, on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, and genomic instability in T2D patients. We recruited 133 patients with T2D, registered in the Integrated Clinics of the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Brazil). Participants consumed one Brazil nut a day for six months. Blood samples and exfoliated buccal cells were collected at the beginning and the end of the intervention. The glycemic profile, lipid profile, renal profile and hepatic profile, DNA damage and selenium content were evaluated. A total of 74 participants completed the intervention. Brazil nut consumption increased selenium and GSH levels, GPx, and CAT activity while DCF and nitrites levels decreased. Total thiols increased, and protein carbonyl and MDA levels decreased. Levels of baseline and oxidative DNA damage in T2D patients were significantly decreased, as well as the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear buds. The fasting glucose levels, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and GGT levels that increased significantly in patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly reduced with nut consumption. Our results show an increase in antioxidant activity, along with reductions of protein and lipid oxidation as well as DNA damage, suggesting that Brazil nut consumption could be an ally in reducing oxidative stress and modulating the genomic instability in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Pavei Macan
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Environmental Health Department, Portuguese National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Lummertz Magenis
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Oliveira Monteiro
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De Bem Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rubya Pereira Zaccaron
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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de Souza Silva FT, Luz JB, Oliveira LRS, Mezzomo R, Gomes DI, Caldas CS, Soares AS, Ferreira-Silva JC, Oliveira MAL, Alves KS. Cryopreservation of Bovine Semen Using Extract of Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil Nuts). Cryo Letters 2020; 41:365-370. [PMID: 33990814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen cryopreservation is essential in animal breeding programs for improving the availability of genetic resources from animals with high breeding value. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the addition of Brazil nut extract as a replacement for egg yolk in bovine semen cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen was collected from five Nelore bulls and cryopreserved with the addition (treatments) of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% Brazil nut extract in the cryoprotectant medium. After thawing, spermatic cells were evaluated for morphology, plasma membrane integrity, spermatic kinetics, and in vitro fertilization. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, and the data were submitted to regression analysis. RESULTS The minor-type and total defects, and plasma membrane integrity were affected (P < 0.05) as a function of egg yolk substitution with Brazil nut extract. There was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of Brazil nut extract addition on the spermatic kinetics and cleavage rate. CONCLUSION The addition of Brazil nut extract in the cryoprotective medium as a substitute of egg yolk for freezing bovine semen negatively affects sperm quality and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T de Souza Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajas, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil
| | - J B Luz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajas, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil .
| | - L R S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajas, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil
| | - R Mezzomo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajas, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil
| | - D I Gomes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajas, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil
| | - C S Caldas
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajas, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil
| | - A S Soares
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajas, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil
| | - J C Ferreira-Silva
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - M A L Oliveira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - K S Alves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction of Carajás, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Parauapebas-PA, Brazil
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Costa e Silva LM, Pereira de Melo ML, Faro Reis FV, Monteiro MC, dos Santos SM, Quadros Gomes BA, Meller da Silva LH. Comparison of the Effects of Brazil Nut Oil and Soybean Oil on the Cardiometabolic Parameters of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2019; 12:E46. [PMID: 31877968 PMCID: PMC7019763 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat is beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study compared the effects of Brazil nut oil (BNO) and soybean oil (SO) supplementation for 30 days on anthropometric, blood pressure, biochemical, and oxidative parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Thirty-one patients with MS were randomly allocated to receive 30 sachets with 10 mL each of either BNO (n = 15) or SO (n = 16) for daily supplementation. Variables were measured at the beginning of the study and after 30 days of intervention. No change in anthropometric and blood pressure variables were observed (p > 0.05). Total (p = 0.0253) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.0437) cholesterol increased in the SO group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (p = 0.0087) and triglycerides increased (p = 0.0045) in the BNO group. Malondialdehyde levels decreased in the BNO group (p = 0.0296) and total antioxidant capacity improved in the SO group (p = 0.0110). Although the addition of oils without lifestyle interventions did not affect anthropometric findings or blood pressure and promoted undesirable results in the lipid profile in both groups, daily supplementation of BNO for 30 days decreased lipid peroxidation, contributing to oxidative stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Martins Costa e Silva
- LAMEFI—Laboratory of Physical Measures, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Savio Monteiro dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alexandre Quadros Gomes
- Neuroscience and Cellular Biology Postgraduation Program, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Helena Meller da Silva
- LAMEFI—Laboratory of Physical Measures, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Para, Belém Pará 66075-900, Brazil
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de Souza TNV, Vieira MGA, da Silva MGC, Brasil DDSB, de Carvalho SML. H 3PO 4-activated carbons produced from açai stones and Brazil nut shells: removal of basic blue 26 dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:28533-28547. [PMID: 30701470 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption characteristics of C.I. basic blue 26 (BB26) from aqueous solutions onto H3PO4-activated carbons (ACs) produced from açai stones (Euterpe oleracea Martius) and Brazil nut shells (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K) were investigated in a batch system. The ACs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption at 77 K, mercury porosimetry, and acidity/basicity analysis. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion model were used for the kinetic interpretations. The adsorption processes follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Boyd plots revealed that the adsorption processes were mainly controlled by film diffusion. Equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models, at different temperatures. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption processes were found to be favorable, exothermic, and spontaneous. The açai stones and Brazil nut shells-based ACs were shown to be effective adsorbents for removal of BB26 from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meuris Gurgel Carlos da Silva
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Avenue, 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Samira Maria Leão de Carvalho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Taniwaki MH, Pitt JI, Copetti MV, Teixeira AA, Iamanaka BT. Understanding Mycotoxin Contamination Across the Food Chain in Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070411. [PMID: 31311158 PMCID: PMC6669623 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is one of the largest food producers and exporters in the world. In the late 20th century, the European Union program for the harmonization of regulations for contaminants in food, including mycotoxins, led to the examination of mycotoxin contamination in foods at a global level. The problem of the rejection of food by the European Union and other countries became a Brazilian national priority because of economic and food safety aspects. Ochratoxin A in coffee and cocoa and aflatoxins in Brazil nuts are examples of the impact of technical trade barriers on Brazilian foods. To overcome these threats, several strategies were undertaken by Brazilian and international organizations. In this context, the Codex Commission on Food Contaminants (CCCF) has emerged as a forum to discuss with more transparency issues related to mycotoxins, focusing on establishing maximum levels and codes of practices for some commodities and mycotoxins to ensure fair trade and food safety. Our experience in investigating and understanding mycotoxin contamination across the food chains in Brazil has contributed nationally and internationally to providing some answers to these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta H Taniwaki
- Food Technology Institute, ITAL, C.P. 139, Campinas - SP, CEP 13078-170, Brazil.
| | - John I Pitt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Marina V Copetti
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CEP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aldir A Teixeira
- Experimental Agrícola do Brasil Ltda, São Paulo - SP, CEP 04105-001, Brazil
| | - Beatriz T Iamanaka
- Food Technology Institute, ITAL, C.P. 139, Campinas - SP, CEP 13078-170, Brazil
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Lima DR, Lima EC, Umpierres CS, Thue PS, El-Chaghaby GA, da Silva RS, Pavan FA, Dias SLP, Biron C. Removal of amoxicillin from simulated hospital effluents by adsorption using activated carbons prepared from capsules of cashew of Para. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:16396-16408. [PMID: 30982189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-surface-area activated carbons were prepared from an agroindustrial residue, Bertholletia excelsa capsules known as capsules of Para cashew (CCP), that were utilized for removing amoxicillin from aqueous effluents. The activated carbons were prepared with the proportion of CCP:ZnCl2 1:1, and this mixture was pyrolyzed at 600 (CCP-600) and 700 °C (CCP700). The CCP.600 and CCP.700 were characterized by CHN/O elemental analysis, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio, FTIR, TGA, Boehm titration, total pore volume, and surface area. These analyses show that the adsorbents have different polar groups, which confers a hydrophilic surface. The adsorbents presented surface area and total pore volume of 1457 m2 g-1 and 0.275 cm3 g-1 (CCP.600) and 1419 m2 g-1 and 0.285 cm3 g-1 (CCP.700). The chemical and physical properties of the adsorbents were very close, indicating that the pyrolysis temperature of 600 and 700 °C does not bring relevant differences in the physical and chemical properties of these adsorbents. The adsorption data of kinetics and equilibrium were successfully adjusted to Avrami fractional-order and Liu isotherm model. The use of the adsorbents for treatment of simulated hospital effluents, containing different organic and inorganic compounds, showed excellent removals (up to 98.04% for CCP.600 and 98.60% CCP.700). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ramos Lima
- Graduate program in Metallurgical, Mine and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M). School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil
| | - Eder C Lima
- Graduate program in Metallurgical, Mine and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M). School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Graduate program in Science of Materials (PGCIMAT). Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil.
| | - Cibele S Umpierres
- Graduate program in Science of Materials (PGCIMAT). Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil
| | - Pascal Silas Thue
- Graduate program in Science of Materials (PGCIMAT). Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil
| | | | - Raphaelle Sanches da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Flavio A Pavan
- Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvio L P Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- Graduate program in Science of Materials (PGCIMAT). Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil
| | - Camille Biron
- Graduate program in Metallurgical, Mine and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M). School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil
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Georgin J, Marques BS, Peres EC, Allasia D, Dotto GL. Biosorption of cationic dyes by Pará chestnut husk (Bertholletia excelsa). Water Sci Technol 2018; 77:1612-1621. [PMID: 29595163 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pará chestnut husk (Bertholletia excelsa) (PCH), an agro-industrial waste largely generated in Brazil, was employed as a low-cost and efficient biosorbent to remove the cationic dyes Crystal Violet (CV) and Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous media. PCH presented an amorphous structure containing carboxylic acids, esters, ketones and aldehydes on the surface. Non-porous and irregular particles were also observed. For both dyes, the biosorption capacity was favored under acid conditions. Equilibrium was attained within 40 min at 25 °C with a PCH dosage of 0.5 g L-1. The biosorption kinetic curves were satisfactory explained by the pseudo-first-order model. The Freundlich model was best for representing the equilibrium curves. The maximum biosorption capacities were 83.6 and 83.8 mg g-1 for CV and MB, respectively. PCH was efficient for treating a simulated textile effluent containing several dyes and chemicals, achieving a color removal of 90%. In this way, PCH can be considered as an option for treating colored effluents containing textile dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Georgin
- Civil Engineering Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Silva Marques
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Enrique Chaves Peres
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Daniel Allasia
- Civil Engineering Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil E-mail:
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de la Cruz S, Madrid R, García-García A, Alcocer M, Martín R, González I, García T. Identification and characterisation of the proteins bound by specific phage-displayed recombinant antibodies (scFv) obtained against Brazil nut and almond extracts. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:1685-1695. [PMID: 28846130 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almonds and Brazil nuts are widely consumed allergenic nuts whose presence must be declared according to food labelling regulations. Their detection in food products has been recently achieved by ELISA methods with recombinant antibodies (scFv) isolated against complete Brazil nut and almond protein extracts. The screening of phage-scFv libraries against complete protein extracts confers a series of advantages over the use of purified proteins, as recombinant proteins might alter their native folding. However, using this strategy, the nature of the target detected by phage-displayed antibodies remains unknown, and requires further research to identify whether they are nut allergens or other molecules present in the extract, but not related to their allergenic potential. RESULTS Electrophoretic, chromatographic, immunological and spectrometric techniques revealed that the Brazil nut (BE95) and almond (PD1F6 and PD2C9) specific phage-scFvs detected conformational epitopes of the Brazil nut and almond 11S globulins, recognised by WHO/IUIS as Ber e 2 and Pru du 6 major allergens. Circular dichroism data indicated that severe heat treatment would entail loss of epitope structure, disabling scFv for target detection. CONCLUSIONS The presence of important Brazil nut and almond allergens (Ber e 2 and Pru du 6) in foodstuffs can be determined by using phage-display antibodies BE95, PD1F6 and PD2C9 as affinity probes in ELISA. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia de la Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Madrid
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina García-García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Alcocer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Rosario Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel González
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Gomes S, Torres AG. Optimized extraction of polyphenolic antioxidant compounds from Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) cake and evaluation of the polyphenol profile by HPLC. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:2805-2814. [PMID: 26353901 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The solid residue (cake) of pressed Brazil nut oil has high energy value and contains high levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. However, little is known about these components in this by-product. Extraction is the first step in investigating the phenolic compounds in Brazil nut cake because extraction conditions might impact the yields of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to select the best phenolic compound extraction conditions for Brazil nut cake by using factorial experimental design and to characterize the phenolic compounds in the extract. RESULTS The optimal extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from Brazil nut cake was achieved under the following conditions: ethanol-water (40:60; v/v); 2.5 min homogenization; and 1 h extraction at 60 °C. The phenolic compound profile of the Brazil nut cake extract using the optimized extraction was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Six phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid) and one flavonoid ((+)-catechin) were identified, and the contents of the phenolic compounds varied from 70.0 to 421 mg kg(-1) . CONCLUSION Knowledge of the potential bioactivity of Brazil nut cake identified in the present study might promote its use in the food industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Brazil
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Momčilović B, Prejac J, Višnjević V, Brundić S, Skalny AA, Mimica N. High hair selenium mother to fetus transfer after the Brazil nuts consumption. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 33:110-3. [PMID: 26653751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactating mother and her two month old healthy daughter (APGAR 10) gave their scalp hair for a multielement profile analysis; 25 elements were analyzed with the ICP MS. Mother's hair was divided into 5cm long segment proximal to the scull (Young), and the distal segment further up to the hair tip (Old). One centimeter of hair records one month of the metabolic activity of the bioelements in the body. Mother's Young hair and daughters hair have 2.70 and 9.74μgg(-1)Se, a distinctly higher Se concentrations than the Old hair of 0.87μgg(-1). The adequate hair Se concentrations in Croatia women population vary from 0.08 to 0.63μgg(-1); values below or above that range indicate deficiency or excess, respectively. Dietary recall revealed that during the last trimester of pregnancy and over a period of a week, the mother has consumed 135g of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) (BN); BN is an exceptionally rich Se dietary source. The amount of Se in BN varies and one week consumption of 135g of BN may result in Se daily intake of 367 to 492μgg(-1)day(-1) over a period of seven consecutive days, and what is about or exceeds the Upper Limit of daily selenium intake of 400μg(-1)g(-1). The excessively high infant hair Se mirrored a natural high mother to fetus transplacental transfer of bio elements in the last trimester of pregnancy. The potential toxicological risks of such a high Se transfer remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Momčilović
- Institut za istraživanje i razvoj održivih ekosustava (IRES), Srebrnjak 59, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - J Prejac
- Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb, Klinika za onkologiju, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - V Višnjević
- Institut za istraživanje i razvoj održivih ekosustava (IRES), Srebrnjak 59, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - S Brundić
- Institut za istraživanje i razvoj održivih ekosustava (IRES), Srebrnjak 59, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A A Skalny
- ANO Center for Biotic Medicine, Zemlyanoi val 46-48, 103604 Moscow, Russia.
| | - N Mimica
- Klinika za psihijatriju Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10 090 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Tošić SB, Mitić SS, Velimirović DS, Stojanović GS, Pavlović AN, Pecev-Marinković ET. Elemental composition of edible nuts: fast optimization and validation procedure of an ICP-OES method. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:2271-2278. [PMID: 25298065 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry method for the speedy simultaneous detection of 19 elements in edible nuts (walnuts: Juglans nigra; almonds: Prunus dulcis; hazelnuts: Corylus avellana; Brazil nuts: Bertholletia excelsa; cashews: Anacardium occidentalle; pistachios: Pistacia vera; and peanuts: Arachis hypogaea) available on the Serbian markets, was optimized and validated through the selection of instrumental parameters and analytical lines free from spectral interference and with the lowest matrix effects. RESULTS The analysed macro-elements were present in the following descending order: Na > Mg > Ca > K. Of all the trace elements, the tested samples showed the highest content of Fe. The micro-element Se was detected in all the samples of nuts. The toxic elements As, Cd and Pb were either not detected or the contents were below the limit of detection. One-way analysis of variance, Student's t-test, Tukey's HSD post hoc test and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis were applied in the statistical analysis of the results. CONCLUSION Based on the detected content of analysed elements it can be concluded that nuts may be a good additional source of minerals as micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana B Tošić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Snežana S Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Gordana S Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra N Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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13
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Huguenin GVB, Oliveira GMM, Moreira ASB, Saint'Pierre TD, Gonçalves RA, Pinheiro-Mulder AR, Teodoro AJ, Luiz RR, Rosa G. Improvement of antioxidant status after Brazil nut intake in hypertensive and dyslipidemic subjects. Nutr J 2015; 14:54. [PMID: 26022214 PMCID: PMC4477321 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of partially defatted Granulated Brazil nut (GBN) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status of hypertensive and dyslipidemic patients on nutrition and drug approaches. METHODS Ninety one hypertensive and dyslipidemic subjects of both genders (51.6 % men), mean age 62.1 ± 9.3 years, performed a randomized crossover trial, double-blind, placebo controlled. Subjects received a diet and partially defatted GBN 13 g per day (≈227.5 μg/day of selenium) or placebo for twelve weeks with four-week washout interval. Anthropometric, laboratory and clinic characteristics were investigated at baseline. Plasma selenium (Se), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-epi PGF2α and oxidized LDL were evaluated at the beginning and in the end of each intervention. RESULTS GBN intake significantly increased plasma Se from 87.0 ± 16.8 to 180.6 ± 67.1 μg/L, increased GPx3 activity in 24,8% (from 112.66 ± 40.09 to 128.32 ± 38.31 nmol/min/mL, p < 0,05), and reduced 3.25% of oxidized-LDL levels (from 66.31 ± 23.59 to 60.68 ± 20.88 U/L, p < 0.05). An inverse association between GPx3 and oxidized LDL levels was observed after supplementation with GBN by simple model (β -0.232, p = 0.032) and after adjustment for gender, age, diabetes and BMI (β -0.298, p = 0.008). There wasn't association between GPx3 and 8-epi PGF2α (β -0.209, p = 0.052) by simple model. CONCLUSION The partially defatted GBN intake has a potential benefit to increase plasma selenium, increase enzymatic antioxidant activity of GPx3 and to reduction oxidation in LDL in hypertensive and dyslipidemic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01990391; November 20, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazielle V B Huguenin
- Institute of Heart Edson Saad, Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Glaucia M M Oliveira
- Institute of Heart Edson Saad, Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Annie S B Moreira
- Clinic of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, National Institute of Cardiology (INC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana D Saint'Pierre
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo A Gonçalves
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra R Pinheiro-Mulder
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anderson J Teodoro
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ronir R Luiz
- Institute of Heart Edson Saad, Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Glorimar Rosa
- Institute of Heart Edson Saad, Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro - Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 25, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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14
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Stockler-Pinto MB, Mafra D, Moraes C, Lobo J, Boaventura GT, Farage NE, Silva WS, Cozzolino SF, Malm O. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, H.B.K.) improves oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in hemodialysis patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:105-12. [PMID: 24504745 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation frequently occurs in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and as a result of overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease of antioxidant defenses such as selenium (Se). Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the supplementation of 1 unit of Brazil nut (the richest known food source of Se) a day during 3 months is effective to improve Se status and increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in HD patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Brazil nut supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in HD patients. Forty HD patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. All patients received one nut per day for 3 months. The Se plasma levels and GPx, 8-isoprostane, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels and lipid profile were determined before and after 3 months of supplementation. The plasma Se and GPx activity increased, while cytokines, 8-OHdG, and 8-isoprostane plasma levels decreased significantly after 3 months supplementation. HDL-c levels increased and LDL-c levels decreased significantly. These data suggest that the consumption of only one Brazil nut per day during 3 months was effective to reduce the inflammation, oxidative stress markers, and the atherogenic risk, thereby increasing the antioxidant defenses in HD patients. Our results indicate that Brazil nut as Se source plays an important role as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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15
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de la Cruz S, López-Calleja IM, Alcocer M, González I, Martín R, García T. Selection of recombinant antibodies by phage display technology and application for detection of allergenic Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) in processed foods. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:10310-10319. [PMID: 24090075 DOI: 10.1021/jf403347t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Current immunological methods for detection of Brazil nut allergens in foods are based on polyclonal antibodies raised in animals. Phage display technology allows the procurement of high-affinity antibodies avoiding animal immunization steps and therefore attaining the principle of replacement supported by animal welfare guidelines. In this study, we screened Tomlinson I and J libraries for specific binders against Brazil nut by employing a Brazil nut protein extract and a purified Brazil nut 2S globulin, and we successfully isolated a phage single chain variable fragment (named BE95) that specifically recognizes Brazil nut proteins. The selected phage scFv was further used as affinity probe to develop an indirect phage-ELISA for detection of Brazil nut in experimental binary mixtures and in commercial food products, with a limit of detection of 5 mg g(-1). This study describes for the first time the isolation of recombinant antibody fragments specific for an allergenic tree nut protein from a naïve library and paves the way to develop new immunoassays for food analysis based on probes that can be produced in vitro when required and do not rely on animal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia de la Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Funasaki M, Oliveira RS, Zanotto SP, Carioca CRF, Simas RC, Eberlin MN, Alberici RM. Brazil nut oil: quality control via triacylglycerol profiles provided by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:11263-11267. [PMID: 23113649 DOI: 10.1021/jf303877t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Brazil nut oil is one of the important Amazonian natural products in the global market. Despite its health benefits and applications in food and cosmetic industries, authentication and quality control of the oil are far from satisfactory. Several samples of Amazonian Brazil nut oil (authentic oils of different geographic origins, commercial oils, and oils adulterated with soybean oil) were evaluated by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS). The samples were characterized on the basis of triacylglycerol profiles, and their major ions were subjected to chemometric treatment (principal component analysis). The ambient mass spectrometry analysis and the set of major ions allowed the characterization of authentic oils, commercial oils, and adulterated oils (5% soybean oil) in a few minutes and without sample preparation. Therefore, it is shown that quality control of Amazonian vegetable oils can be readily accomplished by EASI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Funasaki
- National Institute of Amazonian Research , INPA, 69060-001 Manaus, AM, Brazil
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17
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Hubalkova Z, Rencova E. One-step multiplex PCR method for the determination of pecan and Brazil nut allergens in food products. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:2407-2411. [PMID: 21618547 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the simultaneous detection of the major allergens of pecan and Brazil nuts was developed. Primer pairs for the amplification of partial sequences of genes encoding the allergens were designed and tested for their specificity on a range of food components. RESULTS The targeted amplicon size was 173 bp of Ber e 1 gene of Brazil nuts and 72 bp of vicilin-like seed storage protein gene in pecan nuts. The primer pair detecting the noncoding region of the chloroplast DNA was used as the internal control of amplification. The intrinsic detection limit of the PCR method was 100 pg mL(-1) pecan or Brazil nuts DNA. The practical detection limit was 0.1% w/w (1 g kg(-1)). The method was applied for the investigation of 63 samples with the declaration of pecans, Brazil nuts, other different nut species or nuts generally. In 15 food samples pecans and Brazil nuts allergens were identified in the conformity with the food declaration. CONCLUSION The presented multiplex PCR method is specific enough and can be used as a fast approach for the detection of major allergens of pecan or Brazil nuts in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Hubalkova
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Ryan E, Galvin K, O'Connor TP, Maguire AR, O'Brien NM. Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of brazil, pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 57:219-28. [PMID: 17127473 DOI: 10.1080/09637480600768077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuts contain bioactive constituents that elicit cardio-protective effects including phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. The objective of the present study was to determine the total oil content, peroxide value, fatty acid composition and levels of tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols in oil extracted from freshly ground brazil, pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts. The total oil content of the nuts ranged from 40.4 to 60.8% (w/w) while the peroxide values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 mEq O2/kg oil. The most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1), while linoleic acid (C18:2) was the most prevalent polyunsaturated fatty acid. The levels of total tocopherols ranged from 60.8 to 291.0 mg/g. Squalene ranged from 39.5 mg/g oil in the pine nut to 1377.8 mg/g oil in the brazil nut. beta-Sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 1325.4 to 4685.9 mg/g oil. In conclusion, the present data indicate that nuts are a good dietary source of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ryan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Saraiva SA, Cabral EC, Eberlin MN, Catharino RR. Amazonian vegetable oils and fats: fast typification and quality control via triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles from dry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry fingerprinting. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:4030-4034. [PMID: 19358529 DOI: 10.1021/jf900043u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian oils and fats display unique triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles and, because of their economic importance as renewable raw materials and use by the cosmetic and food industries, are often subject to adulteration and forgery. Representative samples of these oils (andiroba, Brazil nut, buriti, and passion fruit) and fats (cupuaçu, murumuru, and ucuúba) were characterized without pre-separation or derivatization via dry (solvent-free) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Characteristic profiles of TAG were obtained for each oil and fat. Dry MALDI-TOF MS provides typification and direct and detailed information, via TAG profiles, of their variable combinations of fatty acids. A database from spectra could be developed and may be used for their fast and reliable typification, application screening, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A Saraiva
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Whereas selenium (Se) is an important antioxidant in human metabolism to prevent cancer, aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic. Brazil nuts from Eastern and Western Amazon regions were evaluated to find any relationship between Se and aflatoxins levels. A total of 80 (in-shell and shelled) nuts samples were collected directly from different forest sites and analyzed for Se by atomic emission spectrometry and aflatoxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Se was 2.0 mg/kg, and LOQ for total aflatoxins was 0.390 microg/kg. Nut Se levels from the Eastern region were higher than the Western, in addition to the aflatoxins. The moisture content (mc) and water activity (aw) of the raw nuts from the two regions did not present a significant difference, for either in-shell or shelled. The mc was 24.5% (minimum of 20.1% and maximum of 30.4%) and 22.1% (minimum of 14.6% and maximum of 28.9%) and a w of 0.85 for both regions. Further studies need to be carried out to discover the role of Se on fungi growth stress and aflatoxin production mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane M Pacheco
- Food Science and Technology Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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21
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De Mello FR, Scussel VM. Characteristics of in-shell Brazil nuts and their relationship to aflatoxin contamination: criteria for sorting. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:9305-9310. [PMID: 17924705 DOI: 10.1021/jf071392x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
External characteristics of in-shell Brazil nuts were evaluated for dimensions (length and face width), weight, chromaticity, and shell thickness. The internal characteristics evaluated were moisture content (mc), aflatoxin contamination (analyzed by LC-MS/MS), and shell/nut ratio. According to their length, Brazil nuts were classified in three groups: I, II, and III, corresponding to large, medium, and small sizes, respectively. It was possible to establish the following parameters as standards for normal/healthy nuts: length (53.2, 43.9, and 36.6 mm), weight (12.9, 8.8, and 6.3 g), and shell chromaticity components (L*, 38.3, 39.5, and 41.6; a*, 8.0, 7.9, and 7.8; and b*, 17.6, 18.0, and 18.7), for the three groups, respectively. The mean of shell thicknesses were 1.92 and 2.68 mm taken from each face and nut top. The nuts, classified as small (Group III), presented aflatoxin B1 contamination at a level of 5.62 microg/kg. The Groups shell/nut ratios were 1.2, 1.2, and 1.3 for normal whole and healthy nuts. No aflatoxin was detected in Groups I and II. The data obtained from the Brazil nut measured characteristics can help to distinguish healthy/safe and deteriorated nuts and will be useful for Brazil nut sorting and machine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Robert De Mello
- Food Science and Technology Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis - SC, CEP 88034-001, Brazil
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Moodley R, Kindness A, Jonnalagadda SB. Elemental composition and chemical characteristics of five edible nuts (almond, Brazil, pecan, macadamia and walnut) consumed in Southern Africa. J Environ Sci Health B 2007; 42:585-91. [PMID: 17562467 DOI: 10.1080/03601230701391591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The total elemental concentrations and proximate chemical composition of five different tree nuts, almond (Prunus dulcus), Brazil (Bertholletia excelsa), pecan (Carya pecan), macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) and walnut (Juglans nigra) that are consumed in South African households were investigated. In addition, six physicochemical properties of the extracted nut oils, namely acid value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, density and specific gravity were evaluated. A high concentration of Se (36.1 +/- 0.4 microg g(- 1)) was found in the Brazil nuts only. With maximum and minimum limits being set by the almond and pecan nut samples, Cr ranging from 0.94 +/- 0.14-2.02 +/- 0.07 microg g(- 1) was detected in the nut samples. Generally, the order of the concentrations of the elements in all the nut samples is found to be Mg > Ca > Fe > Cu > Cr > As > Se. The concentrations of Mn and Zn showed greater variation amongst the different types of nuts. The extracted oils showed low acid values and high saponification values with the macadamia nut sample having the highest oil content (76.0 +/- 0.5 g per 100 g of sample), the lowest acid value (0.42 +/- 0.01 mg KOH per g of oil) and highest saponification value (193.7 +/- 2.4 mg KOH per g of oil). The present findings are useful in calculating the Dietary Reference Intakes of these nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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23
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van Boxtel EL, van Koningsveld GA, Koppelman SJ, van den Broek LAM, Voragen AGJ, Gruppen H. Expanded bed adsorption as a fast technique for the large-scale purification of the complete isoform pool of Ber e 1, the major allergen from Brazil nuts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:275-81. [PMID: 16521161 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new, fast, large-scale purification method for Ber e 1, the major allergen from Brazil nuts, using expanded bed adsorption (EBA) chromatography, is presented. Using EBA, crude extracts can be applied to a fluidized column, which allows the unhindered passage of particulate impurities, thereby avoiding time-consuming centrifugation or filtration steps. With this new purification method, 2.8 g of Ber e 1 was obtained from 85 g defatted Brazil nut meal, essentially within 1 day. Various structural as well as immunochemical characteristics of the purified protein were determined, and compared to those of Ber e 1 purified using conventional chromatographic techniques. The complete pool of Ber e 1 isoforms was collected using EBA. The most abundant isoforms were observed to have pI around 8 and heterogeneity was observed in both the large and the small subunit of the heterodimeric protein. Ber e 1 has a highly ordered secondary structure. No apparent differences in immune reactivity were observed between EBA purified Ber e 1 and conventionally purified Ber e 1, using IgE-binding experiments. Thus, using EBA, Ber e 1 can be purified fast and on gram-scale, while having purity equal to that of conventionally purified Ber e 1.
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Bull RK, Smith TJ, Phipps AW. Unexpectedly high activity of 228Th in excretion samples following consumption of Brazil nuts. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 121:425-8. [PMID: 16702238 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncl059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A worker provided a routine faecal sample for plutonium and americium analysis. In the course of this analysis 500 mBq of (228)Th was discovered. There seemed no credible occupational route for intake of thorium. Further investigation revealed that the worker consumed approximately 25 g d(-1) of nuts, including Brazil nuts. A sample of these nuts was analysed and found to contain activities of (228)Th in sufficient quantity to account for the faecal activity. However, follow-up urine samples taken from the worker showed 0.6-0.7 mBq of (228)Th. The intake of (228)Th via nuts is insufficient to account for this activity in urine. However, it is likely that the intake of (228)Th was accompanied by similar activity of the parent (228)Ra, and biokinetic calculations show that decay of (228)Ra in vivo would produce sufficient (228)Th to account for the observed urine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Bull
- RWE NUKEM Limited, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QJ, UK.
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25
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Ben Rejeb S, Abbott M, Davies D, Cléroux C, Delahaut P. Multi-allergen screening immunoassay for the detection of protein markers of peanut and four tree nuts in chocolate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 22:709-15. [PMID: 16147426 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500158450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A multiresidue enzyme immunoassay was developed to check for the presence of markers of peanut, hazelnut, almond, cashew and Brazil nuts in a single run. The assay was designed under the competitive indirect format and adapted for screening purposes applied to chocolate samples. The limit of detection for this assay was below 1 microg g-1 protein for each allergenic food. In most cases, the high specificity of the antibodies used allowed the identification of each particular allergenic food with no possible confusion. This assay was proven to be useful as part of an analytical procedure involving the identification of the unknown allergenic food among peanut and other tree nuts in recalled samples before the application of a quantitative technique to determine the level of cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ben Rejeb
- Allergen Method Development Program, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Research Centre, PL 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada.
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Abstract
The objectives of the study were to investigate the extent to which consumers can separate nuts with a high content of aflatoxin from sound nuts, and whether sorting results can be improved by information or whether they are affected by certain factors. A test panel consisting of 100 subjects was asked to crack 300 g Brazil nuts and to sort the nuts into those they considered edible and inedible. The test showed that consumers can, on current behaviour, discriminate aflatoxin-contaminated Brazil nuts to a significant extent. The median and the 95th percentile of the total concentrations of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) in the samples before sorting were 1.4 and 557 microg kg(-1), respectively, and in the edible fractions after sorting 0.4 and 56 microg kg(-1), respectively. Given that levels of aflatoxins before sorting exceed either 2 microg aflatoxin B1 kg(-1) or totally 4 microg aflatoxins kg(-1), there was no effect of aflatoxin concentrations before sorting on the probability of exceeding these thresholds in the edible fraction. This means that similar sorting results were obtained for samples with aflatoxin levels exceeding either of the two thresholds, irrespective of if the thresholds were exceeded with a few microg kg(-1) or up to more than 1000 microg kg(-1). None of the tested factors (such as sex, age, level of education, ethnic background or knowledge of mycotoxins) had any effects on the probability of exceeding either of the two aflatoxin thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marklinder
- Department of Domestic Sciences, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 21, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
One of the possible ways to improve the utilisation of defatted Brazil nut kernel flour, a by-product of oil extraction industries, is to improve its functional properties by chemical modification as it possesses very modest functional characteristics. Succinylated Brazil nut kernel globulin at 55.8%, 62.4% and 72.0% level showed a positive effect on functionality. The solubility of acylated globulin was improved above pH 4.0 but was reduced in the pH range of 3.0-4.0. Water absorption (1.96-4.00, 4.12, and 4.21 ml/g protein), oil absorption capacity (1.44-2.72, 2.80 and 2.94 ml/g protein) and apparent viscosity of the succinylated globulin increased with increase in the level of succinylation. The extent of modification also influenced emulsifying capacity, which showed a decrease at pH 3.0, but was increased at pH 5.0,7.0 and 9.0. Highest emulsion activity (approximately 63.0%) was observed at pH 3.0, followed by pH 9.0 and pH 7.0 and, least (about 11.8%) at pH 5.0. Emulsion stability also followed similar behaviour as that of emulsion activity. The improved functional properties of succinylated Brazil nut kernel globulin could be explored in a variety of food formulations such as high protein drinks, soups, bakery and meat products as well as in salad dressings and mayonnaise as an emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Maria Pinto Ramos
- Departamento de Tecnologia Química e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-000 João Pessoa--Pb, Brazil
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Koppelman SJ, Nieuwenhuizen WF, Gaspari M, Knippels LMJ, Penninks AH, Knol EF, Hefle SL, de Jongh HHJ. Reversible denaturation of Brazil nut 2S albumin (Ber e1) and implication of structural destabilization on digestion by pepsin. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:123-131. [PMID: 15631518 DOI: 10.1021/jf0491355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The high resistance of Brazil nut 2S albumin, previously identified as an allergen, against proteolysis by pepsin was examined in this work. Although the denaturation temperature of this protein exceeds the 110 degrees C at neutral pH, at low pH a fully reversible thermal denaturation was observed at approximately 82 degrees C. The poor digestibility of the protein by pepsin illustrates the tight globular packing. Chemical processing (i.e., subsequent reduction and alkylation of the protein) was used to destabilize the globular fold. Far-UV circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy showed that the reduced and alkylated form had lost its beta-structures, whereas the alpha-helix content was conserved. The free energy of stabilization of the globular fold of the processed protein as assessed by a guanidine titration study was only 30-40% of that of the native form. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that the heavy chain lost its globular character once separated from the native 2S albumin. The consequences of these changes in structural stability for degradation by pepsin were analyzed using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Whereas native 2S albumin was digested slowly in 1 h, the reduced and alkylated protein was digested completely within 30 s. These results are discussed in view of the potential allergenicity of Brazil nut 2S albumin.
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Kannamkumarath SS, Wuilloud RG, Caruso JA. Studies of various elements of nutritional and toxicological interest associated with different molecular weight fractions in Brazil nuts. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:5773-5780. [PMID: 15366819 DOI: 10.1021/jf0496649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
On-line hyphenation of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), UV, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to study the molecular weight distribution patterns of several elements in Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa). This technique was used for the elemental speciation of different elements of nutritional and toxicological interests such as Mg, Fe, Co, Mo, Ag, Hg, and Pb. Elemental fractionation in Brazil nuts was studied using a Superdex peptide column with resolving capacity in the range of 14 to 0.18 kDa. Three different mobile phases, Tris buffer solution (pH 8.0), phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), and CAPS buffer solution (pH 10.0), were tried for the SEC fractionation. Size exclusion fractionation of all the extracted solutions was performed using a 50 mmol L(-)(1) Tris buffer (pH 8) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min(-)(1). Three different extractions, 0.05 mol L(-)(1) NaOH, 0.05 mol L(-)(1) HCl, and hot water at 60 degrees C, were performed, and the association of elements with various molecular weight fractions was evaluated. Total elemental concentrations in the extracted samples were determined and compared with the values obtained after total digestion to calculate the recovery values. Generally, high extraction efficiency was obtained with the NaOH solution as compared with HCl and hot water except in the case of magnesium, for which HCl was found to be a good extractant. Chromatographic elution profiles for these extractions were quite distinct from each other in most cases. Most of the elemental species were found to be associated with high molecular weight fractions. To study the differences obtained during the sample-processing step, the results obtained for nuts with shell were treated differently from those obtained for nuts purchased without shell and were compared.
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Chunhieng T, Pétritis K, Elfakir C, Brochier J, Goli T, Montet D. Study of selenium distribution in the protein fractions of the Brazil nut, Bertholletia excelsa. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:4318-4322. [PMID: 15212486 DOI: 10.1021/jf049643e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The high selenium content of the Brazil nut, Bertholletia excelsa, makes this seed a healthy food qualified as an antiradical protector. The studied nut contained 126 ppm of selenium. Selenium was found to be distributed in the nut protein fractions. The water-extracted fraction, which represented 17.7% of the cake protein, was the richest in selenium with 153 ppm. Analysis by HPLC-MS showed that selenium was linked by a covalent bond to two amino acids to form selenomethionine and selenocystine. The selenomethionine represented a little less than 1% of the total amount of methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavarith Chunhieng
- Cirad-Amis, PAA, TA 40/16, 73 rue J.-F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Moreno FJ, Jenkins JA, Mellon FA, Rigby NM, Robertson JA, Wellner N, Clare Mills EN. Mass spectrometry and structural characterization of 2S albumin isoforms from Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 2004; 1698:175-86. [PMID: 15134650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2003] [Revised: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic approaches have been used to characterise the main 2S albumin isoforms from Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa). Whilst most isoforms ( approximately 10 discrete protein species) exhibited molecular masses of around 12 kDa with a high amino acid sequence homology, important charge heterogeneity was found, with pIs varying between 4.6 and 6.6, with one >or=7.0. Proteomic analysis showed that these corresponded to a total of six National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) accessions and that three isoforms had been purified to homogeneity corresponding to gi/384327, 112754 and 99609. The latter sequence corresponds to an isoform, previously only identified at the nucleotide sequence level, had a slightly higher molecular weight (13.4 kDa), and with noticeable differences in the primary structure. Proteins corresponding to six different NCBI accessions were identified, the heterogeneity of which had been increased by posttranslational processing. Evidence was found of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine residue in two isoforms, together with ragged C-termini, indicative of carboxypeptidase activity within the vacuole following posttranslational processing. No evidence of glycosylation was found. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated all the studied isoforms were predominantly alpha-helical in nature, but that the Mr 13400 species was structurally distinct, with a higher proportion of alpha-helical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Moreno
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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