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Lee H, Yeong Yang J, Eun Ra J, Ahn HJ, Ja Lee M, Young Kim H, Song SY, Hyun Kim D, Hwan Lee J, Duck Seo W. Elucidation of phenolic metabolites in wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.) by NMR and HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS: Changes in isolated phenolics and antioxidant effects through diverse growth times. Food Chem X 2022; 17:100557. [PMID: 36845481 PMCID: PMC9943761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research was characterized on phenolic metabolite profile including six chemical structures (phenolic acid, luteolin, orientin, apigenin, isoscoparin, and tricin) in wheat seedlings using HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and NMR techniques. Our study was also was the first to demonstrate fluctuations of isolated nine phenolic contents and antioxidant properties in various cultivars of this species with different growth times. The antioxidant abilities differed significantly in the 80 % methanol extracts (600 μg/mL) according to cultivar and growth time, with the highest average activities (DPPH: 82 %; ABTS: 87 %) observed after 7 days. The isolated nine compositions exhibited considerable differences in cultivars and growth times, specifically, isoorientin (6) and isochaftoside (8) were observed the most abundant average contents (99.3; 64.3 mg/100 g), representing approximately 28.3 and 18.3 % (total content: 350.8 mg/100 g). Their total phenolics showed the highest rates (420.8 mg/100 g) at 7 days, followed by 9 → 5 → 12 → 14 days with 374.6 → 366.7 → 350.7 → 241.1 mg/100 g, as the rank orders of antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that wheat seedlings may be a potent source of functional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanGyeol Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ra
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jae Ahn
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeob Song
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Resources Industry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resources Industry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors.
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors.
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Zhang YQ, Zhang M, Wang ZL, Qiao X, Ye M. Advances in plant-derived C-glycosides: Phytochemistry, bioactivities, and biotechnological production. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108030. [PMID: 36031083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-glycosides represent a large group of natural products with a C-C bond between the aglycone and the sugar moiety. They exhibit great structural diversity, wide natural distribution, and significant biological activities. By the end of 2021, at least 754 C-glycosides and their derivatives have been isolated and characterized from plants. Thus far, 66 functional C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs) have been discovered from plants, and provide green and efficient approaches to synthesize C-glycosides. Herein, advances in plant-derived C-glycosides are comprehensively summarized from aspects of structural diversity and identification, bioactivities, and biotechnological production. New strategies to discover novel C-glycosides and CGTs, as well as the applications of biotechnological methods to produce C-glycosides in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Garibay-Hernández A, Kessler N, Józefowicz AM, Türksoy GM, Lohwasser U, Mock HP. Untargeted metabotyping to study phenylpropanoid diversity in crop plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:680-697. [PMID: 33963574 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant genebanks constitute a key resource for breeding to ensure crop yield under changing environmental conditions. Because of their roles in a range of stress responses, phenylpropanoids are promising targets. Phenylpropanoids comprise a wide array of metabolites; however, studies regarding their diversity and the underlying genes are still limited for cereals. The assessment of barley diversity via genotyping-by-sequencing is in rapid progress. Exploring these resources by integrating genetic association studies to in-depth metabolomic profiling provides a valuable opportunity to study barley phenylpropanoid metabolism; but poses a challenge by demanding large-scale approaches. Here, we report an LC-PDA-MS workflow for barley high-throughput metabotyping. Without prior construction of a species-specific library, this method produced phenylpropanoid-enriched metabotypes with which the abundance of putative metabolic features was assessed across hundreds of samples in a single-processed data matrix. The robustness of the analytical performance was tested using a standard mix and extracts from two selected cultivars: Scarlett and Barke. The large-scale analysis of barley extracts showed (1) that barley flag leaf profiles were dominated by glycosylation derivatives of isovitexin, isoorientin, and isoscoparin; (2) proved the workflow's capability to discriminate within genotypes; (3) highlighted the role of glycosylation in barley phenylpropanoid diversity. Using the barley S42IL mapping population, the workflow proved useful for metabolic quantitative trait loci purposes. The protocol can be readily applied not only to explore the barley phenylpropanoid diversity represented in genebanks but also to study species whose profiles differ from those of cereals: the crop Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gözde Merve Türksoy
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lohwasser
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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Gromkowska-Kępka KJ, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Nowakowski P, Naliwajko SK, Moskwa J, Puścion-Jakubik A, Bielecka J, Grabia M, Mielcarek K, Soroczyńska J, Socha K. Chemical Composition and Protective Effect of Young Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Dietary Supplements Extracts on UV-Treated Human Skin Fibroblasts in In Vitro Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091402. [PMID: 34573034 PMCID: PMC8467029 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Young barley seems to be a promising material for use as nutricosmetic due to the presence of many biologically active compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hordeum vulgare L. extracts on human skin fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) radiation. Analysis of the chemical composition showed a predominance of 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. The quality assessment showed that young barley preparations have high total polyphenolic content (TPC) and favourable total antioxidant status (TAS). They also contain antioxidant elements such as zinc, copper, and selenium. Furthermore, the analyzed products were found to be safe in terms of toxic elements (lead, cadmium and mercury) and lack of cytotoxic effect of young barley extracts on cells. In vitro bioactivity assays showed that young barley extract increased the survival rate and accelerated the migration of fibroblasts in research models with UVB radiation. The application of both extracts caused an increase in DNA biosynthesis, and in the number of cells arrested in S phase. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of the tested extracts on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was observed. The results indicate that young barley extracts, due to protective as well as restorative effect, could potentially be used in the production of nutricosmetics and skin care products.
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Flavonoids from Fig (Ficus carica Linn.) Leaves: The Development of a New Extraction Method and Identification by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid-rich leaves of the Ficus carica L. plant are usually discarded as waste. In this work, ultrasonic enzyme-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UEAATPE) was proposed as an innovative method to estimate the total flavonoids present in F. carica L. leaves. Total flavonoids were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by UPLC-QTOF-MS. At 38% (w/w) ethanol/18% (w/w) ammonium sulfate, we achieved the optimum conditions in which to establish an easy-to-form aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) as the final system. The optimal UEAATPE conditions were set at an enzymatic concentration of 0.4 U/g, 150 min enzymolysis time, an enzymolysis temperature of 50 °C, a liquid–solid ratio of 20:1 (mL/g), and 30 min ultrasonic time. The yields of the total flavonoids, i.e., 60.22 mg/g, obtained by UEAATPE were found to be 1.13-fold, 1.21-fold, 1.27-fold, and 2.43-fold higher than those obtained by enzyme-assisted ATPE (EAATPE), ultrasonic-assisted ATPE (UAATPE), ATPE, and soxhlet extraction (SE) methods, respectively. Furthermore, eleven flavonoids from the leaves of the F. carica L. plant were completely identified and fully characterized. Among them, ten flavonoids have been identified for the first time from the leaves of the F. carica L. plant. These flavonoids are quercetin 3-O-hexobioside-7-O-hexoside, 2-carboxyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone-4-O-hexoside, luteolin 6-C-hexoside, 8-C-pentoside, kaempferol 6-C-hexoside-8-C-hexoside, quercetin 6-C-hexobioside, kaempferol 6-C-hexoside-8-C-hexoside, apigenin 2″-O-pentoside, apigenin 6-C-hexoside, quercetin 3-O-hexoside, and kaempferol 3-O-hexobioside. Therefore, F. carica L. leaves contain new kinds of unidentified natural flavonoids and are a rich source of biological activity. Therefore, this research has potential applications and great value in waste handling and utilization.
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Sawikowska A, Piasecka A, Kachlicki P, Krajewski P. Separation of Chromatographic Co-Eluted Compounds by Clustering and by Functional Data Analysis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040214. [PMID: 33807374 PMCID: PMC8065729 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peak overlapping is a common problem in chromatography, mainly in the case of complex biological mixtures, i.e., metabolites. Due to the existence of the phenomenon of co-elution of different compounds with similar chromatographic properties, peak separation becomes challenging. In this paper, two computational methods of separating peaks, applied, for the first time, to large chromatographic datasets, are described, compared, and experimentally validated. The methods lead from raw observations to data that can form inputs for statistical analysis. First, in both methods, data are normalized by the mass of sample, the baseline is removed, retention time alignment is conducted, and detection of peaks is performed. Then, in the first method, clustering is used to separate overlapping peaks, whereas in the second method, functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is applied for the same purpose. Simulated data and experimental results are used as examples to present both methods and to compare them. Real data were obtained in a study of metabolomic changes in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves under drought stress. The results suggest that both methods are suitable for separation of overlapping peaks, but the additional advantage of the FPCA is the possibility to assess the variability of individual compounds present within the same peaks of different chromatograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sawikowska
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-61-848-75-45
| | - Anna Piasecka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.); (P.K.)
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7
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Piasecka A, Sawikowska A, Kuczyńska A, Ogrodowicz P, Mikołajczak K, Krajewski P, Kachlicki P. Phenolic Metabolites from Barley in Contribution to Phenome in soil Moisture Deficit. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6032. [PMID: 32825802 PMCID: PMC7503775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight barley varieties from Europe and Asia were subjected to moisture deficit at various development stages. At the seedling stage and the flag leaf stage combined stress was applied. The experiment was designed for visualization of the correlation between the dynamics of changes in phenolic compound profiles and the external phenome. The most significant increase of compound content in water deficiency was observed for chrysoeriol and apigenin glycoconjugates acylated with methoxylated hydroxycinnamic acids that enhanced the UV-protection effectiveness. Moreover, other good antioxidants such as derivatives of luteolin and hordatines were also induced by moisture deficit. The structural diversity of metabolites of the contents changed in response to water deficiency in barley indicates their multipath activities under stress. Plants exposed to moisture deficit at the seedling stage mobilized twice as many metabolites as plants exposed to this stress at the flag leaf stage. Specific metabolites such as methoxyhydroxycinnamic acids participated in the long-term acclimation. In addition, differences in phenolome mobilization in response to moisture deficit applied at the vegetative and generative phases were correlated with the phenotypical consequences. Observations of plant yield and biomass gave us the possibility to discuss the developmentally related consequences of moisture deficit for plants' fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piasecka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.); (P.O.); (K.M.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.); (P.O.); (K.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.); (P.O.); (K.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.); (P.O.); (K.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.); (P.O.); (K.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.); (P.O.); (K.M.); (P.K.)
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Pathway-specific enzymes from bamboo and crop leaves biosynthesize anti-nociceptive C-glycosylated flavones. Commun Biol 2020; 3:110. [PMID: 32144397 PMCID: PMC7060329 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-glycosylated flavones (CGFs) are promising candidates as anti-nociceptive compounds. The leaves of bamboo and related crops in the grass family are a largely unexploited bioresource with a wide array of CGFs. We report here pathway-specific enzymes including C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs) and P450 hydroxylases from cereal crops and bamboo species accumulating abundant CGFs. Mining of CGTs and engineering of P450s that decorate the flavonoid skeleton allowed the production of desired CGFs (with yield of 20–40 mg/L) in an Escherichia coli cell factory. We further explored the antinociceptive activity of major CGFs in mice models and identified isoorientin as the most potent, with both neuroanalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects superior to clinical drugs such as rotundine and aspirin. Our discovery of the pain-alleviating flavonoids elicited from bamboo and crop leaves establishes this previously underutilized source, and sheds light on the pathway and pharmacological mechanisms of the compounds. Yuwei Sun, Zhuo Chen, Jingya Yang et al. identify bamboo as a rich source of C-glycosylated flavonoids that reduces pain and inflammation. They identify isoorientin as the most potent C-glycosylated flavonoid, superior to aspirin, and report new enzymes that synthesize pain-alleviating C-glycosylated flavonoids.
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9
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Cheng S, Li N, Yu Y, Elshafei A, Jin M, Li G, Zheng M. A new flavonoid from the bark of Ulmus pumila L. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lee HJ, Sim MO, Woo KW, Jeong DE, Jung HK, An B, Cho HW. Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Activities of Compounds Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Achillea alpina L. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900033. [PMID: 30977279 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Achillea alpina is widely distributed in Korea and is often used as a folk medicine for stomach disorders. Although a previous study isolated antioxidant compounds (flavonoid O-glucoside, sesquiterpene) from this plant, no systematic study of its chemical constituents had been reported. The present study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in a methanol extract of A. alpina, assess their potential antioxidant activities in vitro, and determine their effects on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Column chromatographic separation of aqueous fractions of A. alpina led to the isolation of 17 compounds. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic data from electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify compounds 2-10 and 12-17 in A. alpina. Furthermore, compound 6 possessed powerful antioxidant activity, while compound 15 suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity and thus reduced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Therefore, our research suggested that these naturally occurring compounds have the potential to reduce oxidative stress and promote skin whitening. Further investigations will be required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Lee
- Traditional Korean Medicines Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ok Sim
- Traditional Korean Medicines Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Wan Woo
- Traditional Korean Medicines Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Traditional Korean Medicines Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Jung
- Traditional Korean Medicines Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongkwan An
- Traditional Korean Medicines Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Cho
- Traditional Korean Medicines Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, 59338, Republic of Korea
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Lam SH, Hung HY, Yang ML, Chen HH, Kuo PC, Wu TS. Chemical Constituents From Phalaenopsis Hybrids and Their Bioactivities. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19850688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One new flavone glycoside and 11 known compounds were characterized from the methanolic extracts of Dtps. Tinny Ribbon × Dtps. Plum Rose ( Phalaenopsis hybrids) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometric analyses. In addition, the major pigment constituents 1 to 3 were examined for their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities. The experimental results indicated that the Phalaenopsis flower extracts were potential for developing new cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sio-Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Mei-Lin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Hong-Hwa Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung
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12
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Brauch D, Porzel A, Schumann E, Pillen K, Mock HP. Changes in isovitexin-O-glycosylation during the development of young barley plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 148:11-20. [PMID: 29421507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a class of plant natural products that have many biological functions, including stress defence. In barley, phenylpropanoids have been described as having protective properties against excess UV-B radiation and have been linked to resistance to pathogens. Although the phenylpropanoid composition of barley has recently been addressed in more detail, the biosynthesis and regulation of this pathway have not been fully established. Barley introgression lines, such as the S42IL-population offer a set of genetically diverse plants that enable the correlation of metabolic data to distinct genetic regions on the barley genome and, subsequently, identification of relevant genes. The phenylpropanoid profiles of the first and third leaf of barley seedlings in Scarlett and four members of the S42IL-population were obtained by LC-MS. Comparison of the leaf profiles revealed a change in the glycosylation pattern of the flavone-6-C-glucoside isovitexin in the elite cultivar Scarlett. The change was characterized by the stepwise decrease in isovitexin-7-O-glucoside (saponarin) and an increase in isovitexin-2″-O-β-D-glucoside content. The lines S42IL-101-, -177 and -178 were completely devoid of isovitexin-2″-O-β-D-glucoside. Parallel glucosyltransferase assays were consistent with the observed metabolic patterns. The genetic region responsible for this metabolic effect was located on chromosome 1H between 0.21 and 15.08 cM, encompassing 505 gene candidates in the genome of the sequenced cultivar Morex. Only one of these genes displayed sequence similarity with glucosyltransferases of plant secondary metabolism that possessed the characteristic PSPG motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Brauch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erika Schumann
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany.
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13
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Menale B, De Castro O, Cascone C, Muoio R. Ethnobotanical investigation on medicinal plants in the Vesuvio National Park (Campania, Southern Italy). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:320-349. [PMID: 27457693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This paper illustrates the results of an ethnobotanical study carried out in the Vesuvio National Park (VNP) (Campania, Southern Italy). It describes the medicinal uses of the plants in an ancient area rich in ethnobiodiversity investigated for the first time. AIM FOR THE STUDY The main aim of the study was to understand at what extent current knowledge on medicinal plant uses is still alive in VNP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The informations were collected using semi-structured and unstructured interviews performed on 136 persons living in the investigated area from March to November 2014 and from April to October 2015. The age of the informants ranged from 47 to 85 years old; more than half of the informants aged between 61 and 70. Local plant uses were listed and analyzed in a table and compared with uses in other localities in Italy and in other regions of the Mediterranean basin. RESULTS In VNP were recorded a total number of 132 plant species, belonging to 110 genera and 51 families mentioned for medicinal purposes. Among the recorded 132 plant species, 70 are spontaneous or subspontaneous and 62 are cultivated above all in the kitchen gardens or in the apartments, as food or as ornamental. Herbs represent the majority, followed by trees and shrubs or subshrubs. The investigated plants were used to cure 116 different human health diseases and 4 veterinary problems. The majority of plants are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal, skin and respiratory problems. CONCLUSION The number of medicinal plants reported in this paper reflects a well-preserved traditional popular knowledge (TPK) of the elderly people living in the rural areas and in the small villages of VNP. The conservation of TPK is owed to the persistence of an oral tradition that safeguard the use of plants as herbal medicine. We realized that while the use of some wild plants is decreasing, people continue to gather some cultivated and invasive plants for preparing remedies. Researches like this are necessary to protect ancient memories, to promote the transfer of information to the younger generations, to preserve ethno-biodiversity and to provide a starting point fur further biochemical investigations on medicinal entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Menale
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Via Foria 223, 80139 Napoli (I), Italy.
| | - Olga De Castro
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Via Foria 223, 80139 Napoli (I), Italy.
| | - Ciro Cascone
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Via Foria 223, 80139 Napoli (I), Italy.
| | - Rosa Muoio
- University of Naples Federico II, Botanical Garden of Naples, Via Foria 223, 80139 Napoli (I), Italy.
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Elucidation of phenolic antioxidants in barley seedlings ( Hordeum vulgare L.) by UPLC-PDA-ESI/MS and screening for their contents at different harvest times. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Jiang N, Doseff AI, Grotewold E. Flavones: From Biosynthesis to Health Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 5:E27. [PMID: 27338492 PMCID: PMC4931407 DOI: 10.3390/plants5020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flavones correspond to a flavonoid subgroup that is widely distributed in the plants, and which can be synthesized by different pathways, depending on whether they contain C- or O-glycosylation and hydroxylated B-ring. Flavones are emerging as very important specialized metabolites involved in plant signaling and defense, as well as key ingredients of the human diet, with significant health benefits. Here, we appraise flavone formation in plants, emphasizing the emerging theme that biosynthesis pathway determines flavone chemistry. Additionally, we briefly review the biological activities of flavones, both from the perspective of the functions that they play in biotic and abiotic plant interactions, as well as their roles as nutraceutical components of the human and animal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, 305B Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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16
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Piasecka A, Sawikowska A, Krajewski P, Kachlicki P. Combined mass spectrometric and chromatographic methods for in-depth analysis of phenolic secondary metabolites in barley leaves. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:513-532. [PMID: 25800187 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis via HPLC-ESI-MSn, UPLC-HESI-MS/MS and NMR reported 152 phenolic secondary metabolites in spring barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.). Flavonoids with various patterns of glycosylation and acylation, as well as hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides, esters and amides, were identified in methanolic extracts from leaves of nine varieties of barley originating from different regions of the world. Hordatines derivatives, flavones acylated directly on the aglycone, and hydroxyferulic acid derivatives deserve special attention. Preparative chromatography enabled characterization of a number of compounds at trace levels with the 6-C-[6″-O-glycosyl]-glycosides and the 6-C-[2″,6″-di-O-glycosides]-glucoside structure of flavones. Derivatives of flavonols, quercetin and isorhamnetin were observed only in Syrian varieties. The ultra performance liquid chromatography profiles of UV-absorbing secondary metabolites were used for chemotaxonomic comparison between nine varieties of barley from different climatic conditions. The hierarchical clustering of bred lines from the Fertile Crescent and European and American varieties indicates a great diversity of chemical phenotypes within barley species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piasecka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
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17
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Zhang YQ, Luo JG, Han C, Xu JF, Kong LY. Bioassay-guided preparative separation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory C-flavone glycosides from Desmodium styracifolium by recycling complexation high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:276-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Khakimov B, Bak S, Engelsen SB. High-throughput cereal metabolomics: Current analytical technologies, challenges and perspectives. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Park SH, Kim JH, Lee DH, Kang JW, Song HH, Oh SR, Yoon DY. Luteolin 8-C-β-fucopyranoside inhibits invasion and suppresses TPA-induced MMP-9 and IL-8 via ERK/AP-1 and ERK/NF-κB signaling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2013; 95:2082-90. [PMID: 23933110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) play major roles in tumor progression and invasion of breast cancer cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of cell invasion by luteolin 8-C-β-fucopyranoside (named as LU8C-FP), a C-glycosylflavone, in human breast cancer cells. We investigated whether LU8C-FP would inhibit MMP-9 activation and IL-8 expression in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. LU8C-FP suppressed TPA-induced MMP-9 and IL-8 secretion and mRNA expression via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway and down-regulation of nuclear AP-1 and NF-κB. TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 was suppressed by LU8C-FP, whereas JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation were unaffected. In addition, LU8C-FP blocked the ERK 1/2 pathways following expression of MMP-9 and IL-8. These results suggest LU8C-FP may function to suppress invasion of breast cancer cells through the ERK/AP-1 and ERK/NF-κB signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ho Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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20
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Formisano C, Rigano D, Senatore F, Bancheva S, Maggio A, Rosselli S, Bruno M. Flavonoids in subtribe Centaureinae (Cass.) Dumort. (tribe Cardueae, Asteraceae): distribution and (13)C-NMR spectral data. Chem Biodivers 2013; 9:2096-158. [PMID: 23081915 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review reports the occurrence of flavonoids in subtribe Centaureinae of Asteraceae family. It extensively covers the literature up to 2010 and collects all available (13)C-NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Formisano
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, I-49-80131 Naples, Italy
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21
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The Passiflora tripartita (Banana Passion) fruit: a source of bioactive flavonoid C-glycosides isolated by HSCCC and characterized by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS/MS. Molecules 2013; 18:1672-92. [PMID: 23358325 PMCID: PMC6270644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The banana passion fruit (Passiflora tripartita Breiter, Passifloraceae) known as “tumbo” is very appreciated in tropical and subtropical countries of South America. Methanolic extracts from peel and the fruit juice of P. tripartita growing in Chile were analyzed for antioxidant capacity as well as for flavonoid and phenolic content. A chromatographic method was developed for the rapid identification of the main phenolics in the samples by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. The fast fingerprint analysis allowed the detection of eighteen flavonoid C-glycosides and four flavonoid O-glycoside derivatives which were characterized by UV spectra and ESI-MS-MS analysis. Several of the C-glycosides detected are structurally related to the orientin derivative 4′-methoxy-luteolin-8-C-(6″acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (31), fully elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant derivative 31 along with schaftoside, vicenin II, orientin and vitexin were isolated from the fruit extract by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). A suitable method for the preparative isolation of flavonol C-glycosides from “tumbo” extracts by HSCCC is reported. The pulp of the fruits showed good antioxidant capacity (12.89 ± 0.02 μg/mL in the DPPH assay). The peel presented the highest content of flavonoids (56.03 ± 4.34 mg quercetin/100 g dry weight) which is related to the highest antioxidant power (10.41 ± 0.01 μg/mL in the DPPH assay).
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Tohge T, Watanabe M, Hoefgen R, Fernie AR. The evolution of phenylpropanoid metabolism in the green lineage. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:123-52. [PMID: 23350798 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2012.758083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic secondary metabolites are only produced by plants wherein they play important roles in both biotic and abiotic defense in seed plants as well as being potentially important bioactive compounds with both nutritional and medicinal benefits reported for animals and humans as a consequence of their potent antioxidant activity. During the long evolutionary period in which plants have adapted to the environmental niches in which they exist (and especially during the evolution of land plants from their aquatic algal ancestors), several strategies such as gene duplication and convergent evolution have contributed to the evolution of this pathway. In this respect, diversity and redundancy of several key genes of phenolic secondary metabolism such as polyketide synthases, cytochrome P450s, Fe(2+)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases have played an essential role. Recent technical developments allowing affordable whole genome sequencing as well as a better inventory of species-by-species chemical diversity have resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of tools we have to assess how these pathways evolved. In parallel, reverse genetics combined with detailed molecular phenotyping is allowing us to elucidate the functional importance of individual genes and metabolites and by this means to provide further mechanistic insight into their biological roles. In this review, phenolic metabolite-related gene sequences (for a total of 65 gene families including shikimate biosynthetic genes) are compared across 23 independent species, and the phenolic metabolic complement of various plant species are compared with one another, in attempt to better understand the evolution of diversity in this crucial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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23
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Koga R, Meng T, Nakamura E, Miura C, Irino N, Yahara S, Kondo R. Model Examination for the Effect of Treading Stress on Young Green Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.41023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Pistacides A and B (1–2), two new flavonoid glycosides, have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Pistacia integerrima, along with 2′-hydroxyisoorientin (3), echioidinin 2′- O-β-D-(6″- O-acetyl) glucopyranoside (4), chrysoeriol (5), and diandraflavone A (6), reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 2D NMR, FAB-MS, and acidic hydrolysis.
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25
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Matsuda F, Okazaki Y, Oikawa A, Kusano M, Nakabayashi R, Kikuchi J, Yonemaru JI, Ebana K, Yano M, Saito K. Dissection of genotype-phenotype associations in rice grains using metabolome quantitative trait loci analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:624-36. [PMID: 22229385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive and large-scale metabolome quantitative trait loci (mQTL) analysis was performed to investigate the genetic backgrounds associated with metabolic phenotypes in rice grains. The metabolome dataset consisted of 759 metabolite signals obtained from the grains of 85 lines of rice (Oryza sativa, Sasanishiki × Habataki back-crossed inbred lines). Metabolome analysis was performed using four mass spectrometry pipelines to enhance detection of different classes of metabolites. This mQTL analysis of a wide range of metabolites highlighted an uneven distribution of 802 mQTLs on the rice genome, as well as different modes of metabolic trait (m-trait) control among various types of metabolites. The levels of most metabolites within rice grains were highly sensitive to environmental factors, but only weakly associated with mQTLs. Coordinated control was observed for several groups of metabolites, such as amino acids linked to the mQTL hotspot on chromosome 3. For flavonoids, m-trait variation among the experimental lines was tightly governed by genetic factors that alter the glycosylation of flavones. Many loci affecting levels of metabolites were detected by QTL analysis, and plausible gene candidates were evaluated by in silico analysis. Several mQTLs profoundly influenced metabolite levels, providing insight into the control of rice metabolism. The genomic region and genes potentially responsible for the biosynthesis of apigenin-6,8-di-C-α-l-arabinoside are presented as an example of a critical mQTL identified by the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Matsuda
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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26
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Tohge T, Ramos MS, Nunes-Nesi A, Mutwil M, Giavalisco P, Steinhauser D, Schellenberg M, Willmitzer L, Persson S, Martinoia E, Fernie AR. Toward the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:1469-82. [PMID: 21949213 PMCID: PMC3252150 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.185710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
While recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in our capacity to identify and quantify an ever-increasing number of plant metabolites, our understanding of how metabolism is spatially regulated is still far from complete. In an attempt to partially address this question, we studied the storage metabolome of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) vacuole. For this purpose, we used highly purified vacuoles isolated by silicon oil centrifugation and compared their metabolome with that found in the mesophyll protoplast from which they were derived. Using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform-mass spectrometry, we were able to detect 59 (primary) metabolites for which we know the exact chemical structure and a further 200 (secondary) metabolites for which we have strong predicted chemical formulae. Taken together, these metabolites comprise amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, shikimate pathway intermediates, vitamins, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids. Of the 259 putative metabolites, some 12 were found exclusively in the vacuole and 34 were found exclusively in the protoplast, while 213 were common in both samples. When analyzed on a quantitative basis, however, there is even more variance, with more than 60 of these compounds being present above the detection limit of our protocols. The combined data were also analyzed with respect to the tonoplast proteome in an attempt to infer specificities of the transporter proteins embedded in this membrane. Following comparison with recent observations made using nonaqueous fractionation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we discuss these data in the context of current models of metabolic compartmentation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.T., A.N.-N., M.M., P.G., D.S., L.W., S.P., A.R.F.); Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (M.S.R., M.S., E.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.S.R.); King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (L.W.)
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Zhao R, Tan T, Sandström C. NMR studies on puerarin and its interaction with beta-cyclodextrin. J Biol Phys 2011; 37:387-400. [PMID: 22942483 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-011-9221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between puerarin and β-cyclodextrin (CD) has been studied in D(2)O, H(2)O/acetone-d(6), acetone-d(6) and DMSO-d(6) solutions by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The NMR data obtained from hydroxy protons indicate that the formation of the inclusion complex between the two molecules is not stabilized by strong hydrogen bond interactions. The sugar part of puerarin as well as the A ring are outside the β-CD cavity while the B and C rings are located inside the cavity and the interaction is mainly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. In DMSO at 30°C and in acetone-d(6)/H(2)O at temperature below -5°C, doubling of some signals indicated that, in these solvent systems, free rotation of the C-glycosyl bond was restricted due to the steric hindrance between the phenolic hydroxy group at C-7 and the bulky sugar moiety at C-8. In acetone, fast exchange of phenolic protons on the NMR timescale was observed, showing the effect of the solvent on the hindered rotation.
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Ueyama H, Aotsuka Y, Okawa M, Ogura Y, Ukeguchi M, Hoashi K, Kinjo J. Antioxidant Activities of Lutonarin Isolated from Young Barley Leaves. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.58.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Baykan-Erel S, Bedir E, Khan IA, Karaalp C. Secondary metabolites from Centaurea ensiformis P.H. Davis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shie JJ, Chen CA, Lin CC, Ku AF, Cheng TJR, Fang JM, Wong CH. Regioselective synthesis of di-C-glycosylflavones possessing anti-inflammation activities. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4451-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Ferreres F, Krsková Z, Gonçalves RF, Valentão P, Pereira JA, Dusek J, Martin J, Andrade PB. Free water-soluble phenolics profiling in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2405-9. [PMID: 19228062 DOI: 10.1021/jf8037727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic profile of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves, seeds, awns, and stems, collected in two different locations from Portugal, was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC/DAD). A total of 28 compounds were identified and quantified, which included 4 phenolic acids, 6 C-glycosylflavones, and 18 O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl flavones, with some of them acylated. Distinct profiles were noticed among the analyzed materials. The greatest diversity of compounds was found in barley leaves (26 flavonoids and 2 phenolic acid derivatives), which also exhibited the highest concentration of phenolics. Isoorientin-7-O-glucoside (lutonarin) was the major compound in leaves, while, in general, the pair isovitexin-7-O-rutinoside plus isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside were the main phenolics in the other materials. Thus, barley leaves may constitute an important dietary source of protective compounds, which could be used, for example, to take profit from the wastes resulting from alcoholic drink obtainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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32
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Ferreres F, Andrade PB, Valentão P, Gil-Izquierdo A. Further knowledge on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl flavones by liquid chromatography-UV diode-array detection-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1182:56-64. [PMID: 18215689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-seven flavonoids and a hydroxycynnamic acid have been characterized in barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.) by liquid chromatography-UV diode-array coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation interface (negative mode). Their structures have been determined by the study of the ion mass fragmentation which characterizes C-glycosyl flavones and O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl flavones, and differentiates di-O-glycosyl flavones from O-diglycosyl-flavones. The majority of them are described for the first time in barley. Saponarin (isovitexin-7-O-glucoside), lutonarin (isoorientin-7-O-glucoside) and isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside derivatives constitute the major part of the detected compounds. Some acylated derivatives are also described, namely, 7-O-[6-acyl]-glucoside and -7-O-[6-acyl]-glc-4'-glucoside of isovitexin, isoorientin and isoscoparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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34
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Kaneko H, Kawamura H, Kumagai T, Watanabe T, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Yoshida M, Shinmoto H. Inhibitory Effect of Rice (Oryza sativa) Polyphenols on Degranulation of Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cell Line RBL-2H3. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.53.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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35
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Rayyan S, Fossen T, Andersen ØM. Flavone C-glycosides from leaves of Oxalis triangularis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:10057-60. [PMID: 16366694 DOI: 10.1021/jf051626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The flavone C-glycosides luteolin 6-C-(2''-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (1), apigenin 6-C-(2''-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (2), apigenin 6-C-(2''-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (3), apigenin 6-C-(2''-O-(6'''-(E)-caffeoylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (4), and apigenin 6-C-(2''-O-(6'''-(E)-p-coumaroylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (5) have been isolated from the purple leaves of Oxalis triangularis. Compound 4 is new, while 5 has previously been isolated from Cucumis sativus after treatment with silicon and infection with Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Signal duplication in the NMR spectra of 2, 4, and 5 revealed the presence of rotameric conformers, created by rotational hindrance at the C(sp3) -C(sp2) glucosyl-flavone linkage in these flavone C-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Rayyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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Rayyan S, Fossen T, Solheim Nateland H, Andersen OM. Isolation and identification of flavonoids, including flavone rotamers, from the herbal drug 'Crataegi folium cum flore' (hawthorn). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2005; 16:334-41. [PMID: 16223090 DOI: 10.1002/pca.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Twelve flavonoids, including seven flavones, four flavonols and one flavanone, were isolated from methanolic extract of the herbal drug 'Crataegi folium cum flore' (hawthorn leaves and flowers) by a combination of CC (over Amberlite XAD-7 and Sephadex LH-20) and preparative HPLC. Their structures, including that of the novel flavonol 8-methoxykaempferol 3-O-(6"-malonyl-beta-glucopyranoside), were elucidated by homo- and heteronuclear NMR and electrospray/MS. The 1H- and 13C-NMR of all compounds, including rotameric pairs of five flavone C-glycosides, were assigned. The presence and relative proportion of each rotamer was shown by various NMR experiments, including two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser and exchange spectroscopy, to depend on solvent, linkage position and structure of the C-glycosyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rayyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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Xie C, Veitch NC, Houghton PJ, Simmonds MSJ. Flavone C-glycosides from Viola yedoensis MAKINO. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 51:1204-7. [PMID: 14519932 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new flavone C-glycoside, apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-L-arabinopyranoside, has been isolated from Viola yedoensis together with the known compounds, apigenin 6,8-di-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (isoschaftoside), apigenin 6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (schaftoside), apigenin 6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-beta-L-arabinopyranoside (neoschaftoside), apigenin 6,8-di-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (vicenin-2), apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-xylopyranoside, apigenin 6-C-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-8-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, luteolin 6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (isoorientin) and luteolin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (isocarlinoside). The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and new or revised (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectral assignments are proposed for some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
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Fossen T, Rayyan S, Andersen ØM. Dimeric anthocyanins from strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) consisting of pelargonidin 3-glucoside covalently linked to four flavan-3-ols. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:1421-1428. [PMID: 15231416 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Flavanol-anthocyanin complexes were isolated by successive use of Amberlite XAD-7 chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration and preparative HPLC from acidified, methanolic extract of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Dutch.). These purple minor pigments were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and electrospray mass spectrometry to be catechin(4alpha --> 8)pelargonidin 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (1), epicatechin(4alpha --> 8)pelargonidin 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (2), afzelechin(4alpha --> 8)pelargonidin 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (3) and epiafzelechin(4alpha --> 8)pelargonidin 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (4). The stereochemistry at the 3- and 4-positions of the flavan-3-ol units was based on assumption of R-configuration at C-2. Each of the four pigments occurred in the NMR solvent as a pair of rotamers. Proved by cross-peaks in the 1H-1H NOESY NMR spectra of 1, 2 and 4, the two conformations within each rotameric pair were in equilibrium with each other. Even though 1 and 2 are based on a different aglycone, their structures may be similar to tentatively identified pigments, which have been assumed to contribute to the colour of red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torgils Fossen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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McNally DJ, Wurms KV, Labbé C, Quideau S, Bélanger RR. Complex C-glycosyl flavonoid phytoalexins from Cucumis sativus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:1280-1283. [PMID: 14510618 DOI: 10.1021/np030150y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of cucumber leaf tissue expressing induced resistance against powdery mildew fungi revealed the presence of two new major C-glycosyl flavonoid products: vitexin-6-(4-hydroxy-1-ethylbenzene) (cucumerin A, 1) and isovitexin-8-(4-hydroxy-1-ethylbenzene) (cucumerin B, 2). In addition, the known C-glycosyl flavonoids apigenin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin, 3), apigenin-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (isovitexin, 4), luteolin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (orientin, 5), and luteolin-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (isoorientin, 6), as well as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid, 7) and its methyl ester (p-came, 8), were found in higher quantities within resistant plants. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and unambiguously confirmed for 3-8 using co-chromatography experiments with authentic standards. On the basis of the results of this study and the reported biological activities of C-glycosyl flavonoids, these compounds would play a vital role in the defense strategy of this species by acting as phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McNally
- Département de Phytologie, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC, G1K 7P4, Canada
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Nørbaek R, Aaboer DBF, Bleeg IS, Christensen BT, Kondo T, Brandt K. Flavone C-glycoside, phenolic acid, and nitrogen contents in leaves of barley subject to organic fertilization treatments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:809-813. [PMID: 12537462 DOI: 10.1021/jf0258914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From the leaves of barley, Hordeum vulgare, one new flavone C-glucoside and three known flavone glucosides were isolated and characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR and MALDI-TOF-MS. The novel flavone C-glucoside was isovitexin 7-O-beta-[6' "-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]glucoside (6' "-coumaroylsaponarin), and the known compounds were isovitexin 7-O-beta-[6' "-O-(E)-feruloyl]glucoside, isoorientin 7-O-beta-[6' "-O-(E)-feruloyl]glucoside, and tricin 7-O-beta-glucoside. The sum of all the flavone glycosides and soluble phenolic acids in the leaves decreased with increased rate of plant nutrients given in animal manure and with increased crop yield. All of the major phenylpropanoids showed the same general response to nutrient level. The concentration of nitrogen in the leaves was not directly related to nutrient application or to contents of phenylpropanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nørbaek
- Department of Horticulture, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
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Gorodkin J, Søgaard B, Bay H, Doll H, Kølster P, Brunak S. Recognition of environmental and genetic effects on barley phenolic fingerprints by neural networks. COMPUTERS & CHEMISTRY 2001; 25:301-7. [PMID: 11339412 DOI: 10.1016/s0097-8485(00)00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Through computational analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) traces we find correlations between secondary metabolites and growth conditions of six varieties of barley. Using artificial neural networks, it was possible to classify chromatograms for which the varieties were fertilized by nitrogen and treated by fungicide. For each variety of barley we could also differentiate it from the others. Surprisingly, all these classification tasks could be solved successfully by a simple network with no hidden units. When adding to the methodology pruning of the network weights, we were able to reduce the set of peaks in the chromatograms and obtain a necessary subset from which the growth conditions and differentiation may be decided. In some instances, more complex networks with hidden units could lead to a further reduction of the number of peaks used. In most cases, far more than half of the peaks are redundant. We find that it requires fewer information-rich peaks to perform the variety differentiation tasks than to recognize any of the growth conditions. Analysis of the network weights reveals correlations between weighted combinations of peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gorodkin
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Biotechnology, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
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