1
|
Drakopoulos A, Decker M. Development and Biological Applications of Fluorescent Opioid Ligands. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1354-1364. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gentzsch C, Seier K, Drakopoulos A, Jobin M, Lanoiselée Y, Koszegi Z, Maurel D, Sounier R, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Granier S, Calebiro D, Decker M. Selective and Wash-Resistant Fluorescent Dihydrocodeinone Derivatives Allow Single-Molecule Imaging of μ-Opioid Receptor Dimerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5958-5964. [PMID: 31808251 PMCID: PMC7125027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptors (μ-ORs) play a critical role in the modulation of pain and mediate the effects of the most powerful analgesic drugs. Despite extensive efforts, it remains insufficiently understood how μ-ORs produce specific effects in living cells. We developed new fluorescent ligands based on the μ-OR antagonist E-p-nitrocinnamoylamino-dihydrocodeinone (CACO), that display high affinity, long residence time and pronounced selectivity. Using these ligands, we achieved single-molecule imaging of μ-ORs on the surface of living cells at physiological expression levels. Our results reveal a high heterogeneity in the diffusion of μ-ORs, with a relevant immobile fraction. Using a pair of fluorescent ligands of different color, we provide evidence that μ-ORs interact with each other to form short-lived homodimers on the plasma membrane. This approach provides a new strategy to investigate μ-OR pharmacology at single-molecule level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gentzsch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Kerstin Seier
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 997078WürzburgGermany
| | - Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marie‐Lise Jobin
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 997078WürzburgGermany
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research & Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of BirminghamIBR Tower, Level 2, EdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research & Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of BirminghamIBR Tower, Level 2, EdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK
| | - Damien Maurel
- ARPEGE (Pharmacology Screening Interactome) platform facilityInstitut de Génomique FonctionnelleUniversité de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM141, rue de la Cardonille34094Montpellier Cedex 05France
| | - Rémy Sounier
- Institut de Génomique FonctionnelleUniversité de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM141, rue de la Cardonille34094Montpellier Cedex 05France
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sébastien Granier
- Institut de Génomique FonctionnelleUniversité de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM141, rue de la Cardonille34094Montpellier Cedex 05France
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 997078WürzburgGermany
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research & Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of BirminghamIBR Tower, Level 2, EdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gentzsch C, Seier K, Drakopoulos A, Jobin M, Lanoiselée Y, Koszegi Z, Maurel D, Sounier R, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Granier S, Calebiro D, Decker M. Selective and Wash‐Resistant Fluorescent Dihydrocodeinone Derivatives Allow Single‐Molecule Imaging of μ‐Opioid Receptor Dimerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gentzsch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kerstin Seier
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marie‐Lise Jobin
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research & Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of Birmingham IBR Tower, Level 2, Edgbaston Birmingham B152TT UK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research & Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of Birmingham IBR Tower, Level 2, Edgbaston Birmingham B152TT UK
| | - Damien Maurel
- ARPEGE (Pharmacology Screening Interactome) platform facilityInstitut de Génomique FonctionnelleUniversité de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM 141, rue de la Cardonille 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Rémy Sounier
- Institut de Génomique FonctionnelleUniversité de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM 141, rue de la Cardonille 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sébastien Granier
- Institut de Génomique FonctionnelleUniversité de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM 141, rue de la Cardonille 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research & Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of Birmingham IBR Tower, Level 2, Edgbaston Birmingham B152TT UK
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Elbegdorj O, Yuan Y, Beletskaya IO, Selley DE. Opioid receptor selectivity profile change via isosterism for 14-O-substituted naltrexone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3719-22. [PMID: 23721804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isosterism is commonly used in drug discovery and development to address stability, selectivity, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy issues. A series of 14-O-substituted naltrexone derivatives were identified as potent mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists with improved selectivity over the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and the delta opioid receptor (DOR), compared to naltrexone. Since esters are not metabolically very stable under typical physiological conditions, their corresponding amide analogs were thus synthesized and biologically evaluated. Unlike their isosteres, most of these novel ligands seem to be dually selective for the MOR and the KOR over the DOR. The restricted flexibility of the amide bond linkage might be responsible for their altered selectivity profile. However, the majority of the 14-N-substituted naltrexone derivatives produced marginal or no MOR stimulation in the (35)S-GTP[γS] assay, which resembled their ester analogs. The current study thus indicated that the 14-substituted naltrexone isosteres are not bioisosteres since they have distinctive pharmacological profile with the regard to their opioid receptor binding affinity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wen Q, Yu G, Li YL, Yan LD, Gong ZH. Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive and tolerance effects of the 6,14-bridged oripavine compound 030418. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1215-24. [PMID: 21863064 PMCID: PMC4010084 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate possible pharmacological mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of and tolerance to N-methyl-7α-[(R)-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(thien-3-yl)-propyl]-6,14-endo-ethanotetrahydronororipavine (030418), a derivative of thienorphine. METHODS The binding affinity and efficacy of 030418 were determined using receptor binding and guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPγS) assays in CHO-μ, CHO-κ, CHO-δ, and CHO-ORL1 cell membranes. The analgesic activity of and tolerance to 030418 were evaluated in thermal nociceptive tests in mice. The effects of 030418 on opioid receptors were further investigated using in vivo pharmacological antagonist blockade and in vitro tissue preparations. RESULTS The compound 030418 displayed high binding affinity to all subtypes of opioid receptors with K(i) values in the nanomolar range. In [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay, the maximal stimulation of 030418 to μ-, κ-, δ-receptors and the ORL1 receptor was 89%, 86%, 67% and 91%, respectively. In hot-plate test, the antinociceptive effect of 030418 was more potent and longer than morphine. The nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone could completely block 030418-induced antinociception, while both the μ-opioid receptor antagonist β-FNA and the κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI attenuated 030418-induced antinociception. In contrast, the ORL1 receptor antagonist J-113397 enhanced the antinociceptive effect of 030418. Additionally, chronic treatment with 030418 resulted in a dramatic development of tolerance that could not be effectively prevented by J-113397. In guinea pig ileum preparation, the existing action of 030418 could be removed with difficulty after prolonged washing. CONCLUSION The compound 030418 is a novel agonist of opioid receptors with high efficiency, long-lasting effect and liability to tolerance, which may be closely correlated with the methyl group at the N(17) position and the high hydrophobicity of the C(7)-thiophene group in its chemical structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- Department of Medicine Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Medicine Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu-lei Li
- Department of Medicine Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ling-di Yan
- Department of Medicine Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ze-hui Gong
- Department of Medicine Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lewis JW, Husbands SM. 14-Amino-4,5-epoxymorphinan derivatives and their pharmacological actions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 299:93-119. [PMID: 21630516 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
14-Hydroxy-7,8-dihydromorphinone (oxymorphone) and its derivatives (oxycodone, naloxone, naltrexone) have become among the most important clinical agents to have been produced from opium. 14-Aminocodeinone and its 7,8-dihydro and morphinone derivatives are of more recent origin thanks to the work of Professor Gordon Kirby and his collaborators. The 14-amino parent compounds have proved of limited interest but their 14-acylamino- and 14-alkylamino derivatives have been extensively studied. The 4'-substituted cinnamoylamino-17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydronormorphinones, C-CAM and M-CAM are the best available selective MOR irreversible antagonists and the related dihydrocodeinone MC-CAM, 4'-chloro-cinnamoylamino-17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydronorcodeinone, is a long-acting MOR partial agonist with extended MOR-pseudoirreversible antagonist activity that could be a candidate for pharmacotherapy of opiate abuse/dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nieland NPR, Rennison D, Broadbear JH, Purington L, Woods JH, Traynor JR, Lewis JW, Husbands SM. 14beta-Arylpropiolylamino-17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydronormorphinones and related opioids. Further examples of pseudoirreversible mu opioid receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6926-30. [PMID: 19842669 DOI: 10.1021/jm901074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
14beta-4'-Chlorocinnamoylaminodihydronormorphinone (2a), and analogues, are selective pseudoirreversible antagonists of the mu opioid receptor (MOR). The preparation of analogues with ethynic bonds, replacing the ethenic bond of 2a, is described. The new ligands, in mouse antinociceptive assays, had pseudoirreversible MOR antagonist activity, which, in the case of 8b was of longer duration than that of 2a. The related codeinone (9b) had only antagonist activity in vivo, in contrast to 2a's codeinone equivalent 3a, which had potent antinociceptive activity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moynihan H, Jales AR, Greedy BM, Rennison D, Broadbear JH, Purington L, Traynor JR, Woods JH, Lewis JW, Husbands SM. 14 beta-O-cinnamoylnaltrexone and related dihydrocodeinones are mu opioid receptor partial agonists with predominant antagonist activity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1553-7. [PMID: 19253983 DOI: 10.1021/jm8012272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
14-O-Cinnamoyl esters of naltrexone (6) were synthesized and evaluated in isolated tissue assays in vitro and in vivo in mouse antinociceptive assays. Their predominant opioid receptor activity was mu receptor (MOR) antagonism, but the unsubstituted cinnamoyl derivative (6a) had partial MOR agonist activity in vitro and in vivo. When compared to the equivalent 14-cinnamoylaminomorphinones (5), the cinnamoyloxy morphinones (6) as MOR antagonists had a shorter duration of action and were less effective as pseudoirreversible antagonists. The antinociceptive activity of the cinnamoyloxycodeinones (7) was not significantly greater than that of the morphinones (6), but they exhibited no evidence of any pseudoirreversible MOR antagonism. In both respects, these profiles differed from those of the equivalent 14-cinnamoylaminocodeinones (4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Moynihan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rennison D, Moynihan H, Traynor JR, Lewis JW, Husbands. SM. Structural determinants of opioid activity in derivatives of 14-aminomorphinones: effects of changes to the chain linking of the C14-amino group to the aryl ring. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6104-10. [PMID: 17004724 PMCID: PMC2538686 DOI: 10.1021/jm060595u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 14-aminodihydromorphinone and codeinone series of opioid ligands have produced a number of ligands of substantial interest. To investigate the importance of the 14-substituent, a series of analogues in which the side chain length is varied and the amide and alkene functions are reduced have been prepared. Binding affinity, particularly at the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), was largely determined by the aromatic group of the side chain. In the [35S]GTPgammaS functional assay, the ligands having a three-carbon side chain were more potent antagonists than their longer chain counterparts, while shorter, two-carbon chain analogues were of higher MOR efficacy, an effect that was confirmed in vivo. Wash-resistant binding was observed within this series and appeared to be unrelated to side-chain length.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amines/chemical synthesis
- Amines/chemistry
- Amines/pharmacology
- Analgesics/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics/chemistry
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Ligands
- Mice
- Morphine Derivatives/chemical synthesis
- Morphine Derivatives/chemistry
- Morphine Derivatives/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists
- Pain Measurement
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Opioid/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rennison
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - John R. Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - John W. Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Stephen M. Husbands.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Corresponding author: Stephen M. Husbands, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK, Tel: 44 (0)1225 383103, Fax: 44 (0)1225 386114, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nieland NP, Moynihan HA, Carrington S, Broadbear J, Woods JH, Traynor JR, Husbands SM, Lewis JW. Structural determinants of opioid activity in derivatives of 14-aminomorphinones: effect of substitution in the aromatic ring of cinnamoylaminomorphinones and codeinones. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5333-8. [PMID: 16913723 PMCID: PMC2443285 DOI: 10.1021/jm0604777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been substantial interest in the 14-aminodihydromorphinone derivatives methoclocinnamox (MC-CAM) and clocinnamox (C-CAM). To investigate the importance of the cinnamoyl ring substituent, a series of analogues have been prepared with chloro, methyl, and nitro substituents in the 2' and 4' positions. Despite some discrepancies between the in vitro and in vivo data, a clear SAR could be observed where the 2'-chloro and 2'-methyl ligands consistently displayed higher efficacy than their 4'-substituted analogues. The new series also followed the well-established SAR that 17-methyl ligands have greater efficacy at the mu opioid receptor than their 17-cyclopropylmethyl counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Carrington
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | - James H. Woods
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen M. Husbands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - John W. Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Corresponding author: John W. Lewis, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK, Tel: 44 (0)1225 383103, Fax: 44 (0)1225 386114, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pogozheva ID, Przydzial MJ, Mosberg HI. Homology modeling of opioid receptor-ligand complexes using experimental constraints. AAPS JOURNAL 2005; 7:E434-48. [PMID: 16353922 PMCID: PMC2750980 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors interact with a variety of ligands, including endogenous peptides, opiates, and thousands of synthetic compounds with different structural scaffolds. In the absence of experimental structures of opioid receptors, theoretical modeling remains an important tool for structure-function analysis. The combination of experimental studies and modeling approaches allows development of realistic models of ligand-receptor complexes helpful for elucidation of the molecular determinants of ligand affinity and selectivity and for understanding mechanisms of functional agonism or antagonism. In this review we provide a brief critical assessment of the status of such theoretical modeling and describe some common problems and their possible solutions. Currently, there are no reliable theoretical methods to generate the models in a completely automatic fashion. Models of higher accuracy can be produced if homology modeling, based on the rhodopsin X-ray template, is supplemented by experimental structural constraints appropriate for the active or inactive receptor conformations, together with receptor-specific and ligand-specific interactions. The experimental constraints can be derived from mutagenesis and cross-linking studies, correlative replacements of ligand and receptor groups, and incorporation of metal binding sites between residues of receptors or receptors and ligands. This review focuses on the analysis of similarity and differences of the refined homology models of mu, delta, and kappa-opioid receptors in active and inactive states, emphasizing the molecular details of interaction of the receptors with some representative peptide and nonpeptide ligands, underlying the multiple modes of binding of small opiates, and the differences in binding modes of agonists and antagonists, and of peptides and alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina D Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neilan CL, Husbands SM, Breeden S, Ko MCH, Aceto MD, Lewis JW, Woods JH, Traynor JR. Characterization of the complex morphinan derivative BU72 as a high efficacy, long-lasting mu-opioid receptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 499:107-16. [PMID: 15363957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of buprenorphine as a treatment for opiate abuse and dependence has drawn attention to opioid ligands that have agonist actions followed by long-lasting antagonist actions. In a search for alternatives to buprenorphine, we discovered a bridged pyrrolidinomorphinan (BU72). In vitro, BU72 displayed high affinity and efficacy for mu-opioid receptors, but was also a partial delta-opioid receptor agonist and a full kappa-opioid receptor agonist. BU72 was a highly potent and long-lasting antinociceptive agent against both thermal and chemical nociception in the mouse and against thermal nociception in the monkey. These effects were prevented by mu-, but not kappa- or delta-, opioid receptor antagonists. Once the agonist effects of BU72 had subsided, the compound acted to attenuate the antinociceptive action of morphine. BU72 is too efficacious for human use but manipulation to reduce efficacy could provide a lead to the development of a treatment for opioid dependence.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Buprenorphine/metabolism
- Buprenorphine/pharmacology
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Morphinans/chemistry
- Morphinans/metabolism
- Morphinans/pharmacology
- Morphine/metabolism
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Pain/prevention & control
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Pyrroles/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sulfur Radioisotopes
- Time Factors
- Tritium
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Neilan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1301 Medical Science Res. Bldg III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Opioid analgesics provide outstanding benefits for relief of severe pain. The mechanisms of the analgesia accompanied with some side effects have been investigated by many scientists to shed light on the complex biological processes at the molecular level. New opioid drugs and therapies with more desirable properties can be developed on the bases of accurate insight of the opioid ligand-receptor interaction and clear knowledge of the pharmacological behavior of opioid receptors and the associated proteins. Toward this goal, recent advances in selective opioid receptor agonists and antagonists including opioid ligand-receptor interactions are summarized in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Eguchi
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Derrick I, Neilan CL, Andes J, Husbands SM, Woods JH, Traynor JR, Lewis JW. 3-Deoxyclocinnamox: the first high-affinity, nonpeptide mu-opioid antagonist lacking a phenolic hydroxyl group. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3348-50. [PMID: 10966754 DOI: 10.1021/jm0009641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The C(3)-substituent in morphinan opioids is of critical importance; the 3-OH group is usually associated with very much higher affinity for mu-receptors than H or -OMe. However in this series of 14beta-cinnamoylamino derivatives the codeinones (e.g. methoclocinnamox, MC-CAM) had unexpectedly high mu-opioid receptor affinity, similar to that of the morphinone (clocinnamox, C-CAM). The current report relates to the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of deoxyclocinnamox (DOC-CAM) which acted as a high-affinity opioid antagonist similar to C-CAM but with greater mu selectivity. Thus it appears that the C(3)-substituent does not play a major role in the binding of the 14beta-cinnamoyl series and that the cinnamoyl group itself may in fact be the dominant binding feature.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Haplorhini
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Morphine Derivatives/chemical synthesis
- Morphine Derivatives/chemistry
- Morphine Derivatives/metabolism
- Narcotic Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Narcotic Antagonists/chemistry
- Narcotic Antagonists/metabolism
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Derrick
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schmidhammer H. Opioid Receptor Antagonists**This review is dedicated to the memory of the late Drs. Sidney Archer and Hans W. Kosterlitz. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
16
|
Emmerson PJ, Archer S, El-Hamouly W, Mansour A, Akil H, Medzihradsky F. Synthesis and characterization of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-labeled fluorescent ligands for the mu opioid receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54:1315-22. [PMID: 9393674 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of opioid ligands utilizing the 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) fluorophores 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene++ +-3-propionic acid or 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s-indacene-3-propionic acid were synthesized and characterized for their ability to act as a suitable fluorescent label for the mu opioid receptor. All compounds displaced the mu opioid receptor binding of [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol in monkey brain membranes with high affinity. The binding of fluorescent ligands to delta and kappa receptors was highly variable. 5,7-Dimethyl-BODIPY naltrexamine, "6-BNX," displayed subnanomolar affinities for the mu and kappa opioid receptors (Ki 0.07 and 0.43 nM, respectively) and nanomolar affinity at the delta (Ki 1.4 nM) receptor. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, the binding of 6-BNX in membranes from C6 glioma cells transfected with the cloned mu opioid receptor was investigated. In these membranes containing a high receptor density (10-80 pmol/mg protein), 6-BNX labeling was saturable, mu opioid specific, stereoselective (as determined with the isomers dextrorphan and levorphanol), and more than 90% specific. The results describe a series of newly developed fluorescent ligands for the mu opioid receptor and the use of one of these ligands as a label for the cloned mu receptor. These ligands provide a new approach for studying the structural and biophysical nature of opioid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Emmerson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
McLaughlin JP, Sebastian A, Archer S, Bidlack JM. 14 beta-Chlorocinnamoylamino derivatives of metopon: long-term mu-opioid receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 320:121-9. [PMID: 9059844 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The affinity, selectivity and antinociceptive properties of 5 beta-methyl-14 beta-(p-chlorocinnamoylamino)-7,8-dihydromorphinone (MET-Cl-CAMO) and N-cyclopropyl-methyl-5 beta-methyl-14 beta-(p-chlorocinnamoylamino)-7, 8-dihydronormorphinone (N-CPM-MET-Cl-CAMO) for the multiple opioid receptors were characterized. In competition binding assays using bovine striatal membranes, both compounds inhibited the binding of 0.25 nM [3H][D-Ala2, (Me)-Phe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAMGO) with IC 50 values of less than 2 nM. Preincubation of membranes with MET-CI-CAMO and N-CPM-MET-Cl-CAMO produced a concentration-dependent, wash-resistant inhibition of mu-opioid receptor binding. Saturation binding experiments with N-CPM-MET-Cl-CAMO showed a reduction in the number of mu-opioid binding sites without a change in affinity. In the mouse 55 degrees C warm-water tail-flick assay, neither MET-Cl-CAMO nor N-CPM-MET-Cl-CAMO at doses up to 100 nmol produced antinociception after intracerebroventricular administration, but morphine-induced antinociception was antagonized in a time- and dose-dependent manner by both compounds. The antagonism produced by 1 nmol of either MET-Cl-CAMO or N-CPM-MET-Cl-CAMO reached a maximal effect after 24 h, and lasted up to 48 h. Analgesia mediated by delta- or kappa-opioids was not altered by either compound. In summary, the data suggest that MET-Cl-CAMO and N-CPM-MET-Cl-CAMO are long-term, mu-opioid receptor antagonists, devoid of agonist properties in the mouse tail-flick assay, and that N-CPM-MET-Cl-CAMO may produce its antagonistic effects by binding irreversibly to the mu-opioid receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642-8711, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Derrick I, Lewis JW, Moynihan HA, Broadbear J, Woods JH. Potential irreversible ligands for opioid receptors. Cinnamoyl derivatives of beta-naltrexamine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:192-6. [PMID: 8935170 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb07121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamoyl derivatives of beta-naltrexamine (beta-NTA) have been prepared and evaluated as potential irreversible opioid antagonists. In receptor binding assays, isolated tissue preparations and mouse antinociception assays the p-methylcinnamoyl derivative BU42 was similar to the standard opioid ligand beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA). The main features were reversible kappa agonism and irreversible mu antagonism. Surprisingly the p-chlorocinnamoyl derivative BU59 showed only modest competitive antagonist activity in-vivo despite appearing to bind irreversibly to mu receptors in the guinea-pig ileum (GPI) preparation. BU60, the dihydrocinnamoyl analogue of BU59, like BU59 displayed reversible kappa agonism in GPI but in mouse antinociception assays its agonism was mediated by mu and delta receptors rather than kappa. The surprising changes of profile attributable to substitution in the aromatic ring of the cinnamoylamido group in this small series suggests that a larger range of substituted cinnamoylamido derivatives should be studied to further elucidate the effects of Michael acceptor activity and other factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Derrick
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Derrick I, Moynihan HA, Broadbear J, Woods JH, Lewis JW. 6N-Cinnamoyl-β-naltrexamine and its p-nitro derivative. High efficacy κ-opioid agonists with weak antagonist actions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00583-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
20
|
McLaughlin JP, Nowak D, Sebastian A, Schultz AG, Archer S, Bidlack JM. Metopon and two unique derivatives: affinity and selectivity for the multiple opioid receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 294:201-6. [PMID: 8788432 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(95)00536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
5 beta-Methyl-7,8-dihydromorphinone (metopon), an isomer [6aS-(6a alpha,9a alpha, 10 beta)13aS]-1,10-methano-4-hydroxy-11-methyl- 6,6a,8,9,10,11,12,13-octahydro-[1]-benzopyrano[4,3,e]isoquinoline- 7-(9aH)-one (compound 1) derived from a photochemical rearrangement of 5 beta-methylmorphinone, and [6aS-(6a alpha,9a alpha,10 beta)13aS]-1,10-methano-4-hydroxy-11-methyl- 6,6a,8,9, 10,11,12,13-octahydro-[1]-benzopyrano[4,3,e]-14 beta- (p-nitrocinnamoylamino) isoquinoline-7-(9aH)-one (compound 2) were characterized for opioid receptor affinity, selectivity and analgesic properties. In competition binding assays using bovine striatal membranes, the three compounds inhibited the binding of 0.25 nM [3H][D-Ala2,(Me)-Phe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-selective peptide, with IC50 values less than 5 nM. All three compounds exhibited lower affinity for delta- and kappa-opioid receptors. In the mouse 55 degrees C warm-water tail-flick assay, both metopon and compound 1 displayed antinociception that lasted for 60 min after i.c.v. injection. Morphine sulfate, metopon and compound 1 produced 50% antinociception with i.c.v. doses of 0.83, 2.0 and 4.0 nmol, respectively. The mu-selective, irreversible opioid receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine blocked antinociception induced by metopon and compound 1, while delta- and kappa-opioid receptor selective antagonists did not effect antinociception. These findings demonstrate metopon and its isomer bound with high affinity to the mu-opioid receptor and produced antinociception through this receptor.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacokinetics
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Cattle
- In Vitro Techniques
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Morphinans/administration & dosage
- Morphinans/pharmacokinetics
- Morphinans/pharmacology
- Morphine/pharmacokinetics
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/metabolism
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Bidlack JM, Kaplan RA, Sebastian A, Seyed-Mozaffari A, Hutchinson I, Archer S. N-Methyl and N-cyclopropylmethyl-14α,14′β-[dithiobis[(2-oxo-2,1-ethanediyl)imino]]bis(7,8-dihydro-5β-methyl-morphinone) MET-TAMO and N-CPM-MET-TAMO: Synthesis and opioid binding properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Somogyi L, Szabó Z, Hosztafi S. Synthesis and stereostructure of some spiro[morphinan-6,2′(3′H)-[1,3,4]oxa(thia)diazolines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199507188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|