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Newman AH, Ku T, Jordan CJ, Bonifazi A, Xi ZX. New Drugs, Old Targets: Tweaking the Dopamine System to Treat Psychostimulant Use Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 61:609-628. [PMID: 33411583 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030220-124205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of illicit psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine continues to pose significant health and societal challenges. Despite considerable efforts to develop medications to treat psychostimulant use disorders, none have proven effective, leaving an underserved patient population and unanswered questions about what mechanism(s) of action should be targeted for developing pharmacotherapies. As both cocaine and methamphetamine rapidly increase dopamine (DA) levels in mesolimbic brain regions, leading to euphoria that in some can lead to addiction, targets in which this increased dopaminergic tone may be mitigated have been explored. Further, understanding and targeting mechanisms underlying relapse are fundamental to the success of discovering medications that reduce the reinforcing effects of the drug of abuse, decrease the negative reinforcement or withdrawal/negative affect that occurs during abstinence, or both. Atypical inhibitors of the DA transporter and partial agonists/antagonists at DA D3 receptors are described as two promising targets for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Therese Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Chloe J Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
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Giancola JB, Bonifazi A, Cao J, Ku T, Haraczy AJ, Lam J, Rais R, Coggiano MA, Tanda G, Newman AH. Structure-activity relationships for a series of (Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinylethyl-aminopiperidines and -piperidine amines at the dopamine transporter: Bioisosteric replacement of the piperazine improves metabolic stability. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112674. [PMID: 32947229 PMCID: PMC7680422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to develop medications to treat psychostimulant use disorders, none have proven effective, leaving an underserved patient population and unanswered questions as to what mechanism(s) of action should be targeted for developing pharmacotherapies. Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors, based on (±)modafinil, have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of psychostimulant abuse. However, metabolic instability among other limitations to piperazine analogues 1-3 have impeded further development. Herein, bioisosteric substitutions of the piperazine ring were explored with a series of aminopiperidines (A) and piperidine amines (B) wherein compounds with either a terminal tertiary amine or amide were synthesized. Several lead compounds showed high to moderate DAT affinities and metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes. Aminopiperidines 7 (DAT Ki = 50.6 nM), 21b (DAT Ki = 77.2 nM) and 33 (DAT Ki = 30.0 nM) produced only minimal stimulation of ambulatory activity in mice, compared to cocaine, suggesting an atypical DAT inhibitor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoLynn B Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Therese Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Alexandra J Haraczy
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Mark A Coggiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States.
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Slack RD, Ku TC, Cao J, Giancola JB, Bonifazi A, Loland CJ, Gadiano A, Lam J, Rais R, Slusher BS, Coggiano M, Tanda G, Newman AH. Structure-Activity Relationships for a Series of (Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl Alkyl Alicyclic Amines at the Dopamine Transporter: Functionalizing the Terminal Nitrogen Affects Affinity, Selectivity, and Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2343-2357. [PMID: 31661268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of psychostimulant abuse. In rats, 1-(4-(2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-propan-2-ol (3b) was effective in reducing the reinforcing effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine but did not exhibit psychostimulant behaviors itself. While further development of 3b is ongoing, diastereomeric separation, as well as improvements in potency and pharmacokinetics were desirable for discovering pipeline drug candidates. Thus, a series of bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)alkyl alicyclic amines, where the piperazine-2-propanol scaffold was modified, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for binding affinities at DAT, as well as the serotonin transporter and σ1 receptors. Within the series, 14a showed improved DAT affinity (Ki = 23 nM) over 3b (Ki = 230 nM), moderate metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, and a hERG/DAT affinity ratio = 28. While 14a increased locomotor activity relative to vehicle, it was significantly lower than activity produced by cocaine. These results support further investigation of 14a as a potential treatment for psychostimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Slack
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Therese C Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - JoLynn B Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J Loland
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mark Coggiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Sambo DO, Lebowitz JJ, Khoshbouei H. The sigma-1 receptor as a regulator of dopamine neurotransmission: A potential therapeutic target for methamphetamine addiction. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:152-167. [PMID: 29360540 PMCID: PMC5962385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a major public health issue around the world, yet there are currently no effective pharmacotherapies for the treatment of METH addiction. METH is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular dopamine levels by targeting the dopamine transporter (DAT) and alters neuronal activity in the reward centers of the brain. One promising therapeutic target for the treatment of METH addiction is the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R). The σ1R is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized chaperone protein that is activated by cellular stress, and, unique to this chaperone, its function can also be induced or inhibited by different ligands. Upon activation of this unique "chaperone receptor", the σ1R regulates a variety of cellular functions and possesses neuroprotective activity in the brain. Interestingly, a variety of σ1R ligands modulate dopamine neurotransmission and reduce the behavioral effects of METH in animal models of addictive behavior, suggesting that the σ1R may be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of METH addiction. In this review, we provide background on METH and the σ1R as well as a literature review regarding the role of σ1Rs in modulating both dopamine neurotransmission and the effects of METH. We aim to highlight the complexities of σ1R pharmacology and function as well as the therapeutic potential of the σ1R as a target for the treatment of METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle O Sambo
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Joseph J Lebowitz
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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The Novel Modafinil Analog, JJC8-016, as a Potential Cocaine Abuse Pharmacotherapeutic. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1871-1883. [PMID: 28266501 PMCID: PMC5564383 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(±)Modafinil ((±)MOD) and its R-enantiomer (R-modafinil; R-MOD) have been investigated for their potential as treatments for psychostimulant addiction. We recently reported a series of (±)MOD analogs, of which JJC8-016 (N-(2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)thio)ethyl)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine) was selected for further development. JJC8-016 and R-MOD were evaluated for binding across ~70 receptors, transporters, and enzymes. Although at a concentration of 10 μM, there were many hits for JJC8-016, binding affinities in the range of its DAT affinity were only observed at the serotonin transporter (SERT), dopamine D2-like, and sigma1 receptors. R-MOD was more selective, but had much lower affinity at the DAT (Ki=3 μM) than JJC8-016 (Ki=116 nM). In rats, systemic administration of R-MOD alone (10-30 mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently increased locomotor activity and electrical brain-stimulation reward, whereas JJC8-016 (10-30 mg/kg i.p.) did not produce these effects. Strikingly, pretreatment with JJC8-016 dose-dependently inhibited cocaine-enhanced locomotion, cocaine self-administration, and cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, whereas R-MOD inhibited cocaine-induced reinstatement only at the high dose of 100 mg/kg. Notably, JJC8-016 alone neither altered extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens nor maintained self-administration. It also failed to induce reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. These findings suggest that JJC8-016 is a unique DAT inhibitor that has no cocaine-like abuse potential by itself. Moreover, pretreatment with JJC8-016 significantly inhibits cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking behavior likely by interfering with cocaine binding to DAT. In addition, off-target actions may also contribute to its potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of cocaine abuse.
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Cao J, Slack RD, Bakare OM, Burzynski C, Rais R, Slusher BS, Kopajtic T, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Yano H, He Y, Bi GH, Xi ZX, Loland CJ, Newman AH. Novel and High Affinity 2-[(Diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide (Modafinil) Analogues as Atypical Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10676-10691. [PMID: 27933960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of pharmacotherapeutic treatments of psychostimulant abuse has remained a challenge, despite significant efforts made toward relevant mechanistic targets, such as the dopamine transporter (DAT). The atypical DAT inhibitors have received attention due to their promising pharmacological profiles in animal models of cocaine and methamphetamine abuse. Herein, we report a series of modafinil analogues that have an atypical DAT inhibitor profile. We extended SAR by chemically manipulating the oxidation states of the sulfoxide and the amide functional groups, halogenating the phenyl rings, and/or functionalizing the terminal nitrogen with substituted piperazines, resulting in several novel leads such as 11b, which demonstrated high DAT affinity (Ki = 2.5 nM) and selectivity without producing concomitant locomotor stimulation in mice, as compared to cocaine. These results are consistent with an atypical DAT inhibitor profile and suggest that 11b may be a potential lead for development as a psychostimulant abuse medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rachel D Slack
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Theresa Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Yi He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J Loland
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Wu J, Wang D, Wang H, Wu F, Li X, Wan B. Facile synthesis of 5H-benzo[b]carbazol-6-yl ketones via sequential reaction of Cu-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation, iodine-promoted cyclization, nucleophilic substitution and aromatization. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6806-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00815d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient method to access 5H-benzo[b]carbazol-6-yl ketones from indoles and 2-(2-(alkynyl)benzylidene)malonates has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haolong Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
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8
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Motel WC, Healy JR, Viard E, Pouw B, Martin K, Matsumoto RR, Coop A. Chlorophenylpiperazine analogues as high affinity dopamine transporter ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6920-6922. [PMID: 24211020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective σ2 ligands continue to be an active target for medications to attenuate the effects of psychostimulants. In the course of our studies to determine the optimal substituents in the σ2-selective phenyl piperazines analogues with reduced activity at other neurotransmitter systems, we discovered that 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-phenethylpiperazine actually had preferentially increased affinity for dopamine transporters (DAT), yielding a highly selective DAT ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Motel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jason R Healy
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Eddy Viard
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Buddy Pouw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Kelly Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Andrew Coop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Beyramabadi SA, Morsali A, Vahidi SH. DFT characterization of 1-acetylpiperazinyl-dithiocarbamate ligand and its transition metal complexes. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476612040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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10
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Pyrimidino piperazinyl acetamides: innovative class of hybrid acetamide drugs as potent antimicrobial and antimycobacterial agents. Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Hiranita T, Soto PL, Kohut SJ, Kopajtic T, Cao J, Newman AH, Tanda G, Katz JL. Decreases in cocaine self-administration with dual inhibition of the dopamine transporter and σ receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:662-77. [PMID: 21859929 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.185025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptor (σR) antagonists attenuate many behavioral effects of cocaine but typically not its reinforcing effects in self-administration procedures. However, the σR antagonist rimcazole and its N-propylphenyl analogs, [3-(cis-3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-phenylpropyl]-1-piperazinyl)-propyl]diphenylamine hydrochloride (SH 3-24) and 9-[3-(cis-3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-phenylpropyl]-1-piperazinyl)-propyl]carbazole hydrobromide (SH 3-28), dose-dependently decreased the maximal rates of cocaine self-administration without affecting comparable responding maintained by food reinforcement. In contrast, a variety of σR antagonists [N-phenethylpiperidine oxalate (AC927), N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamine dihydrobromide (BD 1008), N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino) ethylamine dihydrobromide (BD 1047), N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (BD 1063), and N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]-ethylamine monohydrochloride (NE-100)] had no effect on cocaine self-administration across the range of doses that decreased rates of food-maintained responding. Rimcazole analogs differed from selective σR antagonists in their dual affinities for σRs and the dopamine transporter (DAT) assessed with radioligand binding. Selective DAT inhibitors and σR antagonists were studied alone and in combination on cocaine self-administration to determine whether actions at both σRs and the DAT were sufficient to reproduce the effects of rimcazole analogs. Typical DAT inhibitors [2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (WIN 35,428), methylphenidate, and nomifensine] dose-dependently shifted the cocaine dose-effect curve leftward. Combinations of DAT inhibitor and σR antagonist doses that were behaviorally inactive alone decreased cocaine self-administration without effects on food-maintained responding. In addition, whereas the DAT inhibitors were self-administered at rates similar to those of cocaine, neither rimcazole analogs nor typical σR antagonists (NE-100 and AC927) maintained responding above control levels across a wide range of doses. These findings suggest that the unique effects of rimcazole analogs are due to dual actions at the DAT and σRs and that a combined target approach may have utility in development of medical treatments for cocaine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Hiranita
- Psychobiology Section, Medications Discovery Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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12
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Kaushal N, Robson MJ, Vinnakota H, Narayanan S, Avery BA, McCurdy CR, Matsumoto RR. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 6-acetyl-3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (SN79), a cocaine antagonist, in rodents. AAPS JOURNAL 2011; 13:336-46. [PMID: 21494909 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine interacts with monoamine transporters and sigma (σ) receptors, providing logical targets for medication development. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies were conducted to characterize SN79, a novel compound which was evaluated for cocaine antagonist actions. Radioligand binding studies showed that SN79 had a nanomolar affinity for σ receptors and a notable affinity for 5-HT(2) receptors, and monoamine transporters. It did not inhibit major cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9*1, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, suggesting a low propensity for potential drug-drug interactions. Oral administration of SN79 reached peak in vivo concentrations after 1.5 h and exhibited a half-life of just over 7.5 h in male, Sprague-Dawley rats. Behavioral studies conducted in male, Swiss Webster mice, intraperitoneal or oral dosing with SN79 prior to a convulsive or locomotor stimulant dose of cocaine led to a significant attenuation of cocaine-induced convulsions and locomotor activity. However, SN79 produced sedation and motor incoordination on its own at higher doses, to which animals became tolerant with repeated administration. SN79 also significantly attenuated the development and expression of the sensitized response to repeated cocaine exposures. The ability of SN79 to significantly attenuate the acute and subchronic effects of cocaine provides a promising compound lead to the development of an effective pharmacotherapy against cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kaushal
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, USA
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Hiranita T, Yamamoto T, Nawata Y. A tryptamine-derived catecholaminergic enhancer, (−)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane [(−)-BPAP], attenuates reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior in rats. Neuroscience 2010; 165:300-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hiranita T, Soto PL, Tanda G, Katz JL. Reinforcing effects of sigma-receptor agonists in rats trained to self-administer cocaine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:515-24. [PMID: 19892920 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.159236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
sigma-Receptor (sigmaR) antagonists have been reported to block certain effects of psychostimulant drugs. The present study examined the effects of sigmaR ligands in rats trained to self-administer cocaine (0.032-1.0 mg/kg/inj i.v.) under fixed-ratio 5-response schedules of reinforcement. Maximal rates of responding were maintained by 0.32 mg/kg/inj cocaine, or by the sigmaR agonists, 1,3-di-(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG; 1.0 mg/kg/inj) or 2-(4-morpholinethyl) 1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate hydrochloride (PRE-084; 0.32 mg/kg/inj), when substituted for cocaine. Lower response rates were maintained at higher and lower doses of the compounds. No dose of the sigmaR antagonists [N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamine (BD 1008), N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine (BD 1047), N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine (BD 1063)] maintained responding appreciably above levels obtained when responding had no consequences. Presession treatment with sigmaR agonists dose-dependently shifted the cocaine self-administration dose-effect curve leftward. The dopamine-uptake inhibitor, (-)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (WIN 35,428), dose-dependently shifted the DTG and PRE-084 self-administration dose-effect curves leftward. Treatment with the sigmaR antagonists dose-dependently decreased response rates maintained by DTG or PRE-084, but did not affect cocaine self-administration. Response rates maintained by maximally effective DTG or PRE-084 doses were decreased by sigmaR antagonists at lower doses than those that decreased response rates maintained by food reinforcement. Although sigmaR antagonists block some cocaine-induced effects, the lack of effect on cocaine self-administration suggests that the primary reinforcing effects of cocaine do not involve direct effects at sigmaRs. However, the self-administration of sigmaR agonists in cocaine-trained subjects, facilitation of cocaine self-administration by sigmaR-agonist pretreatment, and the facilitation of sigmaR-agonist self-administration by WIN 35,428, together suggest enhanced abuse-related effects resulting from concomitant dopaminergically mediated actions and sigmaR-mediated actions of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Hiranita
- Psychobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Budén ME, Vaillard VA, Martin SE, Rossi RA. Synthesis of Carbazoles by Intramolecular Arylation of Diarylamide Anions. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4490-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9006249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María E. Budén
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria A. Vaillard
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra E. Martin
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto A. Rossi
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Atypical Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors that Provide Clues About Cocaine's Mechanism at the Dopamine Transporter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2008_027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Cao J, Kopajtic T, Katz JL, Newman AH. Dual DAT/sigma1 receptor ligands based on 3-(4-(3-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5238-41. [PMID: 18774292 PMCID: PMC3393102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ester analogs of (+/-)3-(4-(3-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol were synthesized and evaluated for binding at DAT, SERT, NET, and sigma1 receptors, and compared to GBR 12909 and several known sigma1 receptor ligands. Most of these compounds demonstrated high affinity (K(i)=4.3-51 nM) and selectivity for the DAT among the monoamine transporters. S- and R-1-(4-(3-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-phenylpropan-2-ol were also prepared wherein modest enantioselectivity was demonstrated at the DAT. However, no enantioselectivity at sigma1 receptors was observed and most of the ester analogs of the more active S-enantiomer showed comparable binding affinities at both DAT and sigma1 receptors with a maximal 16-fold DAT/sigma1 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse––Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Theresa Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse––Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jonathan L. Katz
- Psychobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse––Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse––Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Loland CJ, Desai RI, Zou MF, Cao J, Grundt P, Gerstbrein K, Sitte HH, Newman AH, Katz JL, Gether U. Relationship between Conformational Changes in the Dopamine Transporter and Cocaine-Like Subjective Effects of Uptake Inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 73:813-23. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.039800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Jost SC, Wanebo JE, Song SK, Chicoine MR, Rich KM, Woolsey TA, Lewis JS, Mach RH, Xu J, Garbow JR. In vivo imaging in a murine model of glioblastoma. Neurosurgery 2007; 60:360-70; discussion 370-1. [PMID: 17290188 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000249264.80579.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use in vivo imaging methods in mice to quantify intracranial glioma growth, to correlate images and histopathological findings, to explore tumor marker specificity, to assess effects on cortical function, and to monitor effects of chemotherapy. METHODS Mice with DBT glioma cell tumors implanted intracranially were imaged serially with a 4.7-T small-animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. MRI tumor volumes were measured and correlated with postmortem histological findings. Different nonspecific and specific positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals, [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose, [18F]3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine, or [11C]RHM-I, a sigma2-receptor ligand, were visualized with microPET (CTI-Concorde MicroSystems LLC, Knoxville, TN). Intrinsic optical signals were imaged serially during contralateral whisker stimulation to study the impact of tumor growth on cortical function. Other groups of mice were imaged serially with MRI after one or two doses of the antimitotic N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU). RESULTS MRI and histological tumor volumes were highly correlated (r2 = 0.85). Significant binding of [11C]RHM-I was observed in growing tumors. Over time, tumors reduced and displaced (P # 0.001) whisker-activated intrinsic optical signals but did not change intrinsic optical signals in the contralateral hemisphere. Tumor growth was delayed 7 days after a single dose of BCNU and 18 days after two doses of BCNU. Mean tumor volume 15 days after DBT implantation was significantly smaller for treated mice (1- and 2-dose BCNU) compared with controls (P = 0.0026). CONCLUSION Mouse MRI, positron emission tomography, and optical imaging provide quantitative and qualitative in vivo assessments of intracranial tumors that correlate directly with tumor histological findings. The combined imaging approach provides powerful multimodality assessments of tumor progression, effects on brain function, and responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Jost
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Liu X, Banister SD, Christie MJ, Banati R, Meikle S, Coster MJ, Kassiou M. Trishomocubanes: Novel σ ligands modulate cocaine-induced behavioural effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 555:37-42. [PMID: 17113074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trishomocubane analogues TC1 (N-(3'-fluorophenyl)ethyl-4-azahexacyclo [5.4.1.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9).0(8,11)]dodecan-3-ol) and TC4 (N-(3'-fluorophenyl)methyl-4-azahexacyclo [5.4.1.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9).0(8,11)]dodecan-3-ol) were evaluated for their modulatory effects on locomotor activity as well as interactions with cocaine-induced responses. TC1 and TC4 have high affinity and moderate to high selectivity for sigma(1) (Ki=10 nM, sigma1/sigma2=0.03) and sigma2 (Ki=20 nM, sigma1/sigma2=7.6) receptor subtypes respectively. Both compounds have negligible affinity for the dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT), and norepinephrine (NET) transporters. In behavioural studies, TC1 produced a dose-related inhibition in spontaneous locomotor activity measured in a Digiscan apparatus. TC1 attenuated the stimulatory locomotor effect of 20 mg/kg cocaine with a half-maximal depressant activity (ID50) of 38.6 mg/kg. TC1 (dose range of 25 to 100 mg/kg) also partially substituted for the effect of cocaine (10 mg/kg) in a discriminative stimulus task, involving the trained discrimination between cocaine and saline using a two-lever choice method. Following a dose of 50 mg/kg TC1, a maximum of 31% substitution was reached. The response rate was reduced to 56% of vehicle control following a TC1 dose of 100 mg/kg. These behavioural effects suggest that TC1 can act as an antagonist via the sigma1 receptor. In contrast to TC1, TC4 produced a stimulant effect in locomotor activity with the ED50 estimated at 0.94 mg/kg. In addition, TC4 failed to inhibit cocaine-induced stimulation; neither did it substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine. TC4 thus appears to interact predominantly with the sigma2 receptor subtype (sigma1/sigma2=7.6) which may result in dopamine stimulation independent of the effects of cocaine. The differential effect of TC1 and TC4 warrants further study of the mechanism of these actions. Present data also suggests a potential role for trishomocubane analogues in developing medication or research tools for cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Gilmore DL, Liu Y, Matsumoto RR. Review of the pharmacological and clinical profile of rimcazole. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2004; 10:1-22. [PMID: 14978511 PMCID: PMC6741722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rimcazole is a carbazole derivative that acts in part as a sigma receptor antagonist. Wellcome Research Laboratories introduced this compound during the 1980s when it was hypothesized to be a novel antipsychotic with an improved side effect profile. However, subsequent clinical trials demonstrated that rimcazole lacked efficacy in schizophrenic patients and it is now primarily used as an experimental tool. In addition to its actions as a sigma receptor antagonist, rimcazole also has high affinity for dopamine transporters, and in recent years it has served as a lead compound for the development of novel dopamine transporter ligands. Although rimcazole cannot be considered a selective ligand for sigma receptors, the recent development of other selective agonists and antagonists for sigma receptors have aided in clarifying the involvement of these receptors in the actions of rimcazole. Many of the physiological and behavioral effects of rimcazole can in fact be ascribed to its action as a sigma receptor antagonist, although there are exceptions. Rimcazole is likely to have a continued role in elucidating sigma receptor function in either in vitro or in vivo systems where sigma receptor-mediated effects can be studied independently of the influence of dopamine and serotonin transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Gilmore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Rae R. Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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