1
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Aswani BS, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Harnessing potential role of gangliosides in immunomodulation and cancer therapeutics. Life Sci 2024; 351:122786. [PMID: 38848944 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Gangliosides represent glycolipids containing sialic acid residues, present on the cell membrane with glycan residues exposed to the extracellular matrix (ECM), while the ceramides are anchored within the membrane. These molecules play a critical role in pathophysiological processes such as host-pathogen interactions, cell-cell recognition, signal transduction, cell adhesion, motility, and immunomodulation. Accumulated evidence suggests the overexpression of gangliosides on tumor tissues in comparison to healthy human tissues. These tumor-associated gangliosides have been implicated in various facets of tumor biology, including cell motility, differentiation, signaling, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Consequently, these entities emerge as attractive targets for immunotherapeutic interventions. Notably, the administration of antibodies targeting gangliosides has demonstrated cytotoxic effects on cancer cells that exhibit an overexpression of these glycolipids. Passive immunotherapy approaches utilizing murine or murine/human chimeric anti-ganglioside antibodies have been explored as potential treatments for diverse cancer types. Additionally, vaccination strategies employing tumor-associated gangliosides in conjunction with adjuvants have entered the realm of promising techniques currently undergoing clinical trials. The present comprehensive review encapsulates the multifaceted roles of gangliosides in tumor initiation, progression, immunosuppression, and metastasis. Further, an overview is provided of the correlation between the expression status of gangliosides in normal and tumor cells and its impact on cancer patient survival. Furthermore, the discussion extends to ongoing and completed clinical trials employing diverse strategies to target gangliosides, elucidating their effectiveness in treating cancers. This emerging discipline is expected to supply substantial impetus for the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Babu Santha Aswani
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117699, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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2
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Zhang J, Terreni M, Liu F, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Ganglioside GM3-based anticancer vaccines: Reviewing the mechanism and current strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116824. [PMID: 38820973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GM3 is one of the most common membrane-bound glycosphingolipids. The over-expression of GM3 on tumor cells makes it defined as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA). The specific expression property in cancers, especially in melanoma, make it become an important target to develop anticancer vaccines or immunotherapies. However, in the manner akin to most TACAs, GM3 is an autoantigen facing with problems of low immunogenicity and easily inducing immunotolerance, which means itself only cannot elicit a powerful enough immune response to prevent or treat cancer. With a comparative understanding of the mechanisms that how immune system responses to the carbohydrate vaccines, this review summarizes the studies on the recent efforts to development GM3-based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fang Liu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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3
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Weng W, Ren S, Teng C, Guo J, Guo Q, Zhang W, Zong C, Ding N. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and immunological evaluation of sialyl-Thomsen-Friedenreich (sTF) antigen conjugate to CRM197. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 100:117615. [PMID: 38342079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
sTF (sialyl-Thomsen-Friedenreich) is a type of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) and is highly expressed in various human malignancies. To validate if sTF could be a valuable molecular target for future cancer vaccine development, in this work the sTF antigen was prepared by adopting a strategy combining chemical and enzymatic methods, and then was covalently conjugated to a carrier protein, CRM197. The preliminary immunological evaluation, performed on BALB/c mice, revealed that the sTF-CRM197 conjugate elicited high titers of specific IgG antibodies. FACS experiments showed that the antisera induced by sTF-CRM197 conjugate could specifically recognize and bind to sTF-positive cancer cells T-47D. Furthermore, the conjugate mediated effective and specific antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Weng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sumei Ren
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Changcai Teng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chengli Zong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Rashidijahanabad Z, Ramadan S, O'Brien NA, Nakisa A, Lang S, Crawford H, Gildersleeve JC, Huang X. Stereoselective Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis a Antigen and the Effective Anticancer Activity of Its Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugate as an Anticancer Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309744. [PMID: 37781858 PMCID: PMC10842512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309744,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewisa (sLea ), also known as cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. The overexpression of sLea on the surface of a variety of cancer cells makes it an attractive target for anticancer immunotherapy. However, sLea -based anticancer vaccines have been under-explored. To develop a new vaccine, efficient stereoselective synthesis of sLea with an amine-bearing linker was achieved, which was subsequently conjugated with a powerful carrier bacteriophage, Qβ. Mouse immunization with the Qβ-sLea conjugate generated strong and long-lasting anti-sLea IgG antibody responses, which were superior to those induced by the corresponding conjugate of sLea with the benchmark carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Antibodies elicited by Qβ-sLea were highly selective toward the sLea structure, could bind strongly with sLea -expressing cancer cells and human pancreatic cancer tissues, and kill tumor cells through complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, vaccination with Qβ-sLea significantly reduced tumor development in a metastatic cancer model in mice, demonstrating tumor protection for the first time by a sLea -based vaccine, thus highlighting the significant potential of sLea as a promising cancer antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashidijahanabad
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518, Benha, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Athar Nakisa
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Howard Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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5
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Rashidijahanabad Z, Ramadan S, O'Brien NA, Nakisa A, Lang S, Crawford H, Gildersleeve JC, Huang X. Stereoselective Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis a Antigen and the Effective Anticancer Activity of Its Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugate as an Anticancer Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309744. [PMID: 37781858 PMCID: PMC10842512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewisa (sLea ), also known as cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. The overexpression of sLea on the surface of a variety of cancer cells makes it an attractive target for anticancer immunotherapy. However, sLea -based anticancer vaccines have been under-explored. To develop a new vaccine, efficient stereoselective synthesis of sLea with an amine-bearing linker was achieved, which was subsequently conjugated with a powerful carrier bacteriophage, Qβ. Mouse immunization with the Qβ-sLea conjugate generated strong and long-lasting anti-sLea IgG antibody responses, which were superior to those induced by the corresponding conjugate of sLea with the benchmark carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Antibodies elicited by Qβ-sLea were highly selective toward the sLea structure, could bind strongly with sLea -expressing cancer cells and human pancreatic cancer tissues, and kill tumor cells through complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, vaccination with Qβ-sLea significantly reduced tumor development in a metastatic cancer model in mice, demonstrating tumor protection for the first time by a sLea -based vaccine, thus highlighting the significant potential of sLea as a promising cancer antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashidijahanabad
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518, Benha, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Athar Nakisa
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Howard Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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6
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Kataki-Anastasakou A, Jia S, Axtell JC, Sletten EM. A Fluorescent Unnatural Mannosamine Derivative with Enhanced Emission Upon Complexation with Cucurbit[7]uril. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200069. [PMID: 37636996 PMCID: PMC10457038 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic incorporation of unnatural functionality on glycans has allowed chemical biologists to observe and affect cellular processes. Recent work has resulted in glycan-fluorophore structures that allow for direct visualization of glycan-mediated processes, shining light on their role in living systems. This work describes the serendipitous discovery of a small chemical reporter-fluorophore. Investigations into the mechanism of fluorescence arising from (trimethylsilyl)methylglycine appended on mannosamine suggest rigidity and restriction of lone pair geometry contribute to the fluorescent behaviour. In fact, in situ cyclization and encapsulation in cucurbit[7]uril enhance fluorescence to levels that can be observed in live cells. While the reported unnatural mannosamine does not traverse the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway, this discovery may lead to small, "turn-on" chemical reporters for incorporation in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kataki-Anastasakou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Shang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan C Axtell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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7
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Chen CY, Lin YW, Wang SW, Lin YC, Cheng YY, Ren CT, Wong CH, Wu CY. Synthesis of Azido-Globo H Analogs for Immunogenicity Evaluation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:77-85. [PMID: 35106375 PMCID: PMC8796297 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globo H (GH) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), and GH conjugations have been evaluated as potential cancer vaccines. However, like all carbohydrate-based vaccines, low immunogenicity is a major issue. Modifications of the TACA increase its immunogenicity, but the systemic modification on GH is challenging and the synthesis is cumbersome. In this study, we synthesized several azido-GH analogs for evaluation, using galactose oxidase to selectively oxidize C6-OH of the terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine on lactose, Gb3, Gb4, and SSEA3 into C6 aldehyde, which was then transformed chemically to the azido group. The azido-derivatives were further glycosylated to azido-GH analogs by glycosyltransferases coupled with sugar nucleotide regeneration. These azido-GH analogs and native GH were conjugated to diphtheria toxoid cross-reactive material CRM197 for vaccination with C34 adjuvant in mice. Glycan array analysis of antisera indicated that the azido-GH glycoconjugate with azide at Gal-C6 of Lac (1-CRM197) elicited the highest antibody response not only to GH, SSEA3, and SSEA4, which share the common SSEA3 epitope, but also to MCF-7 cancer cells, which express these Globo-series glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chu Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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8
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Luo X, Lian Q, Li W, Chen L, Zhang R, Yang D, Gao L, Qi X, Liu Z, Liao G. Fully synthetic Mincle-dependent self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines elicit robust humoral and T cell-dependent immune responses and protect mice from tumor development. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15998-16013. [PMID: 35024123 PMCID: PMC8672726 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy based on a macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) agonist was established to construct synthetic cancer vaccines. Using sialyl-Tn (STn) as a model antigen, four conjugates with the Mincle agonist as a built-in adjuvant were designed and synthesized through a facile and efficient method. All conjugates could induce BMDMs to produce inflammatory cytokines in a Mincle-dependent manner and were found to elicit robust humoral and T cell-dependent immune responses alone in mice. The corresponding antibodies could recognize, bind and exhibit complement-dependent cytotoxicity to STn-positive cancer cells, leading to tumor cell lysis. Moreover, all conjugates could effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong the mice survival time in vivo, with therapeutic effects better than STn-CRM197/Al. Notably, compared to conventional glycoprotein conjugate vaccines, these fully synthetic conjugate vaccines do not cause "epitope suppression." Mincle ligands thus hold great potential as a platform for the development of new vaccine carriers with self-adjuvanting properties for cancer treatment. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis shows that a vaccine containing one STn antigen carried by vizantin exhibits the best efficacy, providing support for further optimization and additional investigation into Mincle agonists as the carrier of self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qinghai Lian
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Liqing Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Renyu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Deying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lingqiang Gao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guochao Liao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
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9
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Lin H, Hong H, Feng L, Shi J, Zhou Z, Wu Z. Synthesis of DNP-modified GM3-based anticancer vaccine and evaluation of its immunological activities for cancer immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Panova MV, Medvedev MG, Orlova AV, Kononov LO. Exhaustive Conformational Search for Sialyl Cation Reveals Possibility of Remote Participation of Acyl Groups. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100788. [PMID: 34837303 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Finding convenient ways for the stereoselective α-sialylation is important due to the high practical significance of α-sialic acid-containing glycans and neoglycoconjugates. It was proposed that sialylation stereoselectivity is determined by the structure of the sialyl cation (also known in biochemistry as "sialosyl cation"), a supposed intermediate in this reaction. Here we design a new approach for studying the conformational space of highly flexible sialyl cation and find 1625 unique conformers including those stabilized by covalent remote participation (also known as long-range participation) of 4-O-acetyl (4-OAc), 5-N-trifluoroacetyl (5-NTFA), as well as 7,8,9-OAc from both α and β sides. The most energetically stable sialyl cation conformers are featured by 4-OAc participation, closely followed by 5-NTFA- and 7-OAc-stabilized conformers; unstabilized sialyl cation conformers are ∼10 kcal mol-1 less stable than the 4-OAc-stabilized ones. Analysis of all the obtained conformers by means of substituents positions, side chain conformations and ring puckering led us to a new "eight-conformer hypothesis" which describes interconversions among the most important sialyl cation conformers and predicts that stronger remote participation of acyl groups favors β-anomers. Thus, selective synthesis of the desired α-sialosides requires minimization of acyl groups participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Panova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Orlova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Song C, Ye XS. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of N-acyl modified Globo H derivatives as anticancer vaccine candidates. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1239-1243. [PMID: 34355188 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globo H is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which serves as a valuable target for antitumor vaccine or cancer immunotherapies. However, most TACAs are T-cell-independent, and they cannot induce powerful immune response due to their poor immunogenicity. To address this problem, herein, several Globo H analogues with modification on the N-acyl group were prepared through a preactivation-based glycosylation strategy from the non-reducing end to the reducing end. These modified Globo H derivatives were then conjugated with carrier protein CRM197 to form glycoconjugates as anticancer vaccine candidates, which were used in combination with adjuvant glycolipid C34 for immunological studies. The immunological effects of these synthetic vaccine candidates were evaluated on Balb/c mice. The results showed that the fluorine-modified N-acyl Globo H conjugates can induce higher titers of IgG antibodies that can recognize the naturally occurring Globo H antigen on the surface of cancer cells and can eliminate cancer cells in the presence of a complement, indicating the potential of these synthetic glycoconjugates as anticancer vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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12
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Kleski KA, Shi M, Lohman M, Hymel GT, Gattoji VK, Andreana PR. Synthesis of an Aminooxy Derivative of the GM3 Antigen and Its Application in Oxime Ligation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16207-16217. [PMID: 32320231 PMCID: PMC7606269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The anomeric aminooxy GM3 trisaccharide cancer antigen (Neu5Acα2,3Galβ1,4Glcβ-ONH2) has been chemically synthesized using a linear glycosylation approach. The key step involves a highly α(2,3)-stereoselective sialylation to a galactose acceptor. The Neu5Acα2,3Gal intermediate was functionalized as a donor for a [2 + 1] glycosylation, including a glucose acceptor that featured an O-succinimidyl group on the reducing end as an aminooxy precursor. The fully deprotected anomeric aminooxy GM3 trisaccharide was then conjugated to the immunologically relevant zwitterionic polysaccharide PS A1 via an oxime link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A. Kleski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Mengchao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Matthew Lohman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Gabrielle T. Hymel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Vinod K. Gattoji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Peter R. Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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13
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Kightlinger W, Warfel KF, DeLisa MP, Jewett MC. Synthetic Glycobiology: Parts, Systems, and Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1534-1562. [PMID: 32526139 PMCID: PMC7372563 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, the attachment of sugars to amino acid side chains, can endow proteins with a wide variety of properties of great interest to the engineering biology community. However, natural glycosylation systems are limited in the diversity of glycoproteins they can synthesize, the scale at which they can be harnessed for biotechnology, and the homogeneity of glycoprotein structures they can produce. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of synthetic glycobiology, the application of synthetic biology tools and design principles to better understand and engineer glycosylation. Specifically, we focus on how the biosynthetic and analytical tools of synthetic biology have been used to redesign glycosylation systems to obtain defined glycosylation structures on proteins for diverse applications in medicine, materials, and diagnostics. We review the key biological parts available to synthetic biologists interested in engineering glycoproteins to solve compelling problems in glycoscience, describe recent efforts to construct synthetic glycoprotein synthesis systems, and outline exemplary applications as well as new opportunities in this emerging space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Kightlinger
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Katherine F. Warfel
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Department
of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert
Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Feng L, Shi J, Hong H, Zhou Z, Wu Z. GM3 trisaccharide biosynthesis and process optimization using engineered E. coli lysate and whole-cell catalysis. J Carbohydr Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2020.1788576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Guo J, Jiang W, Li Q, Jaiswal M, Guo Z. Comparative immunological studies of tumor-associated Lewis X, Lewis Y, and KH-1 antigens. Carbohydr Res 2020; 492:107999. [PMID: 32272238 PMCID: PMC7261630 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens Lewis X (Lex), Lewis Y (Ley), and KH-1 are useful targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this regard, an insight into the structure-immunogenicity relationships of these antigens is important but this has not been systematically investigated yet. In the current study, Lex, Ley, and KH-1 antigens with a lactose unit at the reducing end as a spacer were synthesized and coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) protein. Immunological evaluations of the resultant conjugates revealed that they all could elicit robust immune responses whilst the Ley conjugate could provoke the highest titers of total and IgG antibodies. The binding assays of their antisera to each antigen and to cancer cells showed that each antiserum had extensive cross-reaction with all three antigens as protein conjugates and strong but somewhat antigen-selective binding towards MCF-7 cancer cell. Moreover, none of these antisera had obvious binding to SKMEL-28 cancer cell that does not express Lex, Ley and KH-1. The results of assays of these antisera to mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to MCF-7 and SKMEL-28 cancer cells were very similar to the results of binding assays. Thus, it was concluded that all three antigens could form effective conjugate vaccines whereas the Ley conjugate induced the most robust immune responses and the antiserum of Lex had the highest binding and cytotoxicity to target cancer cells. In addition, as the antibodies induced by each antigen had extensive cross-reaction with other two antigens, either Lex or Ley or the two combined can be utilized to formulate effective conjugate vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Another paradigm-shifting discovery of this study is that the presentation of Lex, Ley, and KH-1 antigens on cancer cell can be different from that in synthetic conjugates, which should be taken into consideration during the design and optimization of related cancer vaccines or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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16
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Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools that can activate the immune system for protection against various diseases. As carbohydrates can play important roles in immune recognition, they have been widely applied in vaccine development. Carbohydrate antigens have been investigated in vaccines against various pathogenic microbes and cancer. Polysaccharides such as dextran and β-glucan can serve as smart vaccine carriers for efficient antigen delivery to immune cells. Some glycolipids, such as galactosylceramide and monophosphoryl lipid A, are strong immune stimulators, which have been studied as vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we focus on the current advances in applying carbohydrates as vaccine delivery carriers and adjuvants. We will discuss the examples that involve chemical modifications of the carbohydrates for effective antigen delivery, as well as covalent antigen-carbohydrate conjugates for enhanced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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17
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Mettu R, Chen CY, Wu CY. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:9. [PMID: 31900143 PMCID: PMC6941340 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) have been extremely successful in preventing bacterial infections. The glycan antigens for the preparation of CPS based glycoconjugate vaccines are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation, the quality and length of glycans are always inconsistent. Such kind of situation make the CMC of glycoconjugate vaccines are difficult to well control. Thanks to the advantage of synthetic methods for carbohydrates syntheses. The well controlled glycan antigens are more easily to obtain, and them are conjugated to carrier protein to from the so-call homogeneous fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Several fully glycoconjugate vaccines are in different phases of clinical trial for bacteria or cancers. The review will introduce the recent development of fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mettu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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18
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A cell-free biosynthesis platform for modular construction of protein glycosylation pathways. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5404. [PMID: 31776339 PMCID: PMC6881289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays important roles in cellular function and endows protein therapeutics with beneficial properties. However, constructing biosynthetic pathways to study and engineer precise glycan structures on proteins remains a bottleneck. Here, we report a modular, versatile cell-free platform for glycosylation pathway assembly by rapid in vitro mixing and expression (GlycoPRIME). In GlycoPRIME, glycosylation pathways are assembled by mixing-and-matching cell-free synthesized glycosyltransferases that can elaborate a glucose primer installed onto protein targets by an N-glycosyltransferase. We demonstrate GlycoPRIME by constructing 37 putative protein glycosylation pathways, creating 23 unique glycan motifs, 18 of which have not yet been synthesized on proteins. We use selected pathways to synthesize a protein vaccine candidate with an α-galactose adjuvant motif in a one-pot cell-free system and human antibody constant regions with minimal sialic acid motifs in glycoengineered Escherichia coli. We anticipate that these methods and pathways will facilitate glycoscience and make possible new glycoengineering applications. Constructing biosynthetic pathways to study and engineer glycoprotein structures is difficult. Here, the authors use GlycoPRIME, a cell-free workflow for mixing-and-matching glycosylation enzymes, to evaluate 37 putative glycosylation pathways and discover routes to 18 new glycoprotein structures
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19
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Agatemor C, Buettner MJ, Ariss R, Muthiah K, Saeui CT, Yarema KJ. Exploiting metabolic glycoengineering to advance healthcare. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:605-620. [PMID: 31777760 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is a technique for manipulating cellular metabolism to modulate glycosylation. MGE is used to increase the levels of natural glycans and, more importantly, to install non-natural monosaccharides into glycoconjugates. In this Review, we summarize the chemistry underlying MGE that has been developed over the past three decades and highlight several recent advances that have set the stage for clinical translation. In anticipation of near-term application to human healthcare, we describe emerging efforts to deploy MGE in diverse applications, ranging from the glycoengineering of biotherapeutic proteins and the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases such as cancer to the development of new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keerthana Muthiah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Panova MV, Orlova AV, Kononov LO. Stabilization of sialyl cation in axial conformation assisted by remote acyl groups. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Buettner MJ, Shah SR, Saeui CT, Ariss R, Yarema KJ. Improving Immunotherapy Through Glycodesign. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2485. [PMID: 30450094 PMCID: PMC6224361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing health care, with the majority of high impact "drugs" approved in the past decade falling into this category of therapy. Despite considerable success, glycosylation-a key design parameter that ensures safety, optimizes biological response, and influences the pharmacokinetic properties of an immunotherapeutic-has slowed the development of this class of drugs in the past and remains challenging at present. This article describes how optimizing glycosylation through a variety of glycoengineering strategies provides enticing opportunities to not only avoid past pitfalls, but also to substantially improve immunotherapies including antibodies and recombinant proteins, and cell-based therapies. We cover design principles important for early stage pre-clinical development and also discuss how various glycoengineering strategies can augment the biomanufacturing process to ensure the overall effectiveness of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sagar R Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Pharmacology/Toxicology Branch I, Division of Clinical Evaluation and Pharmacology/Toxicology, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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22
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Song C, Zheng XJ, Liu CC, Zhou Y, Ye XS. A cancer vaccine based on fluorine-modified sialyl-Tn induces robust immune responses in a murine model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47330-47343. [PMID: 28537884 PMCID: PMC5564568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective vaccine to target tumor associated carbohydrate antigens, aberrantly expressed on the cell surface of various carcinomas, is an appealing approach toward cancer immunotherapy. However, a major problem of carbohydrate antigens is their poor immunogenicity. Immunization with modified-carbohydrate antigens could improve the immunogenicity and induce cross reaction with the native carbohydrate antigens. In this study, we investigated the antitumor ability of three fluoro-substituted sialyl-Tn (STn) analogues (2, 3, 4) coupled to KLH (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) and studied the mechanism of tumor immunotherapy of the vaccines in a murine model of colon cancer. Vaccination with 4-KLH, in which the two N-acetyl groups of STn are substituted with N-fluoroacetyl groups, could remarkably prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mouse and resulted in a significant reduction in tumor burden of lungs compared with STn-KLH (1-KLH). The vaccine 4-KLH could provoke stronger cytotoxic T lymphocytes immune response, T helper (Th) cell-mediated immune response and an earlier-stage Th1 immune response than 1-KLH, thus breaking immune tolerance and generating a therapeutic response. The 4-KLH vaccine induced strong tumor-specific anti-STn antibodies which could mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human tumor cells. Moreover, in the absence of adjuvant, 4-KLH still elicited stronger immune responses than 1-KLH. Our data suggested that 4-KLH is superior in tumor prevention. The strategic hapten fluorination may be a potential approach applicable to the vaccines development for the cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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23
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Wei MM, Wang YS, Ye XS. Carbohydrate-based vaccines for oncotherapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1003-1026. [PMID: 29512174 DOI: 10.1002/med.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most serious threats to human worldwide. Aberrant patterns of glycosylation on the surface of cancer cells, which are correlated with various cancer development stages, can differentiate the abnormal tissues from the healthy ones. Therefore, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent the desired targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, these carbohydrate antigens may not able to evoke powerful immune response to combat with cancer for their poor immunogenicity and immunotolerance. Different approaches have been developed to address these problems. In this review, we want to summarize the latest advances in TACAs based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Man Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Gao J, Guo Z. Progress in the synthesis and biological evaluation of lipid A and its derivatives. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:556-601. [PMID: 28621828 PMCID: PMC5732894 DOI: 10.1002/med.21447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipid A is one of the core structures of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and it is mainly responsible for the strong immunostimulatory activities of LPS through interactions with the Toll-like receptors and other molecules in the human immune system. To obtain structurally homogeneous and well-defined lipid As and its derivatives in quantities meaningful for various biological studies and applications, their chemical synthesis has become a focal point. This review has provided a survey of significant progresses made in the synthesis of lipid A, and its derivatives that carry diverse saturated and unsaturated lipids, have the phosphate group at its reducing end replaced with a more stable phosphate or carboxyl group, or lack the reducing end phosphate or both phosphate groups, as well as progresses in the synthesis of LPS analogs and other lipid A conjugates. These synthetic molecules have facilitated the elucidation of the structure-activity relationships of lipid A useful for the design and development of lipid A based therapeutics, such as those utilized to treat sepsis, and other medical applications, for example the use of monophosphoryl lipid A as a carrier molecule for the study of fully synthetic self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines. These topics are also briefly covered in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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25
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R. Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286437 DOI: 10.3791/55746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is a highly important constituent of glycoconjugates, such as N- and O-glycans or glycolipids. Due to its position at the non-reducing termini of oligo- and polysaccharides, as well as its unique chemical characteristics, sialic acid is involved in a multitude of different receptor-ligand interactions. By modifying the expression of sialic acid on the cell surface, sialic acid-dependent interactions will consequently be influenced. This can be helpful to investigate sialic acid-dependent interactions and has the potential to influence certain diseases in a beneficial way. Via metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), the expression of sialic acid on the cell surface can be modulated. Herein, cells, tissues, or even entire animals are treated with C2-modified derivatives of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc). These amino sugars act as sialic acid precursor molecules and therefore are metabolized to the corresponding sialic acid species and expressed on glycoconjugates. Applying this method produces intriguing effects on various biological processes. For example, it can drastically reduce the expression of polysialic acid (polySia) in treated neuronal cells and thus affects neuronal growth and differentiation. Here, we show the chemical synthesis of two of the most common C2-modified N-acylmannosamine derivatives, N-propionylmannosamine (ManNProp) as well as N-butanoylmannosamine (ManNBut), and further show how these non-natural amino sugars can be applied in cell culture experiments. The expression of modified sialic acid species is quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and further analyzed via mass spectrometry. The effects on polysialic acid expression are elucidated via Western blot using a commercially available polysialic acid antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut & Genzentrum, Virologie, Nationales Referenzzentrum für Retroviren, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg;
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26
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Song H, Liu S, Zhao Z, Sun W, Wei X, Ma X, Zhao P, Gao D. Increased cycles of DC/CIK immunotherapy decreases frequency of Tregs in patients with resected NSCLC. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:197-202. [PMID: 28941416 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress antitumor immune responses. Cycles of Dendritic cells (DC) vaccination combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (DC/CIK) treatment were significantly related with good prognosis. Therefore, we investigated whether increased cycles of immunotherapy could decrease frequency of Tregs in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous study from our laboratory has determined that the optimal cutoff point of the cycle count was 3cycles. We examined the levels of Tregs and the related cytokines by flow cytometric and cytokine analysis in these patients after more than (≥) 3cycles or less than (<) 3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment. Significant reduction of Tregs frequency, Treg-generated cytokines level and recurrence rate were presented in patients received with ≥3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment compared with patients with <3cycles of treatment. Interestingly, Tregs frequency and the related cytokines level were similar between patients suffered tumor recurrence and patients without recurrence in both groups. Together, our findings reveal that increased cycle count of DC/CIK cell immunotherapy contribute to decline of Tregs frequency and cancer recurrence rate in patients with resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Song
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ziyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daiqing Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
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Podvalnyy NM, Malysheva NN, Panova MV, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Orlova AV, Kononov LO. Stereoselective sialylation with O-trifluoroacetylated thiosialosides: hydrogen bonding involved? Carbohydr Res 2017; 451:12-28. [PMID: 28934626 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel sialyl donors containing O-trifluoroacetyl (TFA) groups at various positions was synthesized. The choice of protecting groups in sialyl donors was based on hypothesis that variations in ability of different acyl groups to act as hydrogen bond acceptors would influence the supramolecular structure of reaction mixture (solution structure), hence the outcome of sialylation. These glycosyl donors were examined in the model glycosylation of the primary hydroxyl group of 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose in comparison with sialyl donors without O-TFA groups. The presence of O-TFA groups in a sialyl donor strongly affected the outcome of sialylation. Several sialyl donors studied showed promising results: yields of disaccharides can be as high as 86% as can be the stereoselectivities (α/β up to 15:1). The results obtained suggest that varying acyl O-protecting groups in sialyl donor may result in dramatic changes in the outcome of sialylation although further studies are required to dissect the influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and intramolecular substituent effects related to variations of electron-withdrawing properties of different acyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M Podvalnyy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N Malysheva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Panova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Orlova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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28
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, El-Houseini ME, Saeui CT, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Harnessing cancer cell metabolism for theranostic applications using metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid in breast cancer as a pioneering example. Biomaterials 2017; 116:158-173. [PMID: 27926828 PMCID: PMC5193387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal cell surface display of sialic acids - a family of unusual 9-carbon sugars - is widely recognized as distinguishing feature of many types of cancer. Sialoglycans, however, typically cannot be identified with sufficiently high reproducibility and sensitivity to serve as clinically accepted biomarkers and similarly, almost all efforts to exploit cancer-specific differences in sialylation signatures for therapy remain in early stage development. In this report we provide an overview of important facets of glycosylation that contribute to cancer in general with a focus on breast cancer as an example of malignant disease characterized by aberrant sialylation. We then describe how cancer cells experience nutrient deprivation during oncogenesis and discuss how the resulting metabolic reprogramming, which endows breast cancer cells with the ability to obtain nutrients during scarcity, constitutes an "Achilles' heel" that we believe can be exploited by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) strategies to develop new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. In particular, we hypothesize that adaptations made by breast cancer cells that allow them to efficiently scavenge sialic acid during times of nutrient deprivation renders them vulnerable to MGE, which refers to the use of exogenously-supplied, non-natural monosaccharide analogues to modulate targeted aspects of glycosylation in living cells and animals. In specific, once non-natural sialosides are incorporated into the cancer "sialome" they can be exploited as epitopes for immunotherapy or as chemical tags for targeted delivery of imaging or therapeutic agents selectively to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Motawa E El-Houseini
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
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29
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolic Glycoengineering with N-Acyl Side Chain Modified Mannosamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9482-512. [PMID: 27435524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), cells or animals are treated with unnatural derivatives of monosaccharides. After entering the cytosol, these sugar analogues are metabolized and subsequently expressed on newly synthesized glycoconjugates. The feasibility of MGE was first discovered for sialylated glycans, by using N-acyl-modified mannosamines as precursor molecules for unnatural sialic acids. Prerequisite is the promiscuity of the enzymes of the Roseman-Warren biosynthetic pathway. These enzymes were shown to tolerate specific modifications of the N-acyl side chain of mannosamine analogues, for example, elongation by one or more methylene groups (aliphatic modifications) or by insertion of reactive groups (bioorthogonal modifications). Unnatural sialic acids are incorporated into glycoconjugates of cells and organs. MGE has intriguing biological consequences for treated cells (aliphatic MGE) and offers the opportunity to visualize the topography and dynamics of sialylated glycans in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo (bioorthogonal MGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle, Germany.
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolisches Glykoengineering mitN-Acyl-Seiten- ketten-modifizierten Mannosaminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hollystraße 1 06114 Halle Deutschland
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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31
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Liao G, Zhou Z, Suryawanshi S, Mondal M, Guo Z. Fully Synthetic Self-Adjuvanting α-2,9-Oligosialic Acid Based Conjugate Vaccines against Group C Meningitis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:210-8. [PMID: 27163051 PMCID: PMC4850515 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
α-2,9-Polysialic acid is an important capsular polysaccharide expressed by serotype C Neisseria meningitidis. Its protein conjugates are current vaccines against group C meningitis. To address some concerns about traditional protein conjugate vaccines, a new type of fully synthetic vaccines composed of oligosialic acids and glycolipids was explored. In this regard, α-2,9-linked di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentasialic acids were prepared and conjugated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Immunological studies of the conjugates in C57BL/6J mouse revealed that they alone elicited robust immune responses comparable to that induced by corresponding protein conjugates plus adjuvant, suggesting the self-adjuvanting properties of MPLA conjugates. The elicited antibodies were mainly IgG2b and IgG2c, suggesting T cell dependent immunities. The antisera had strong and specific binding to α-2,9-oligosialic acids and to group C meningococcal polysaccharide and cell, indicating the ability of antibodies to selectively target the bacteria. The antisera also mediated strong bactericidal activities. Structure-activity relationship analysis of the MPLA conjugates also revealed that the immunogenicity of oligosialic acids decreased with elongated sugar chain, but all tested MPLA conjugates elicited robust immune responses. It is concluded that tri- and tetrasialic acid-MPLA conjugates are worthy of further investigation as the first fully synthetic and self-adjuvanting vaccines against group C meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharad Suryawanshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Mohabul
A. Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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32
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Feng D, Shaikh AS, Wang F. Recent Advance in Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs)-based Antitumor Vaccines. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:850-63. [PMID: 26895482 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can be distinguished from normal cells by displaying aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate structures on their surfaces. These carbohydrate structures are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). TACAs were considered as promising targets for the design of anticancer vaccines. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone can only evoke poor immunogenicity because they are unable to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses, which is critical for cancer therapy. Moreover, immunotolerance and immunosuppression are easily induced by using natural occurring TACAs as antigens due to their endogenous property. This review summarizes the recent strategies to overcome these obstacles: (1) covalently coupling TACAs to proper carriers to improve immunogenicity, including clustered or multivalent conjugate vaccines, (2) coupling TACAs to T-cell peptide epitopes or the built-in adjuvant to form multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines, and (3) developing vaccines based on chemically modified TACAs, which is combined with metabolic engineering of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
| | - Abdul Sami Shaikh
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
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33
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Xu F, Reiser M, Yu X, Gummuluru S, Wetzler L, Reinhard BM. Lipid-Mediated Targeting with Membrane-Wrapped Nanoparticles in the Presence of Corona Formation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1189-200. [PMID: 26720275 PMCID: PMC4842014 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-wrapped nanoparticles represent a versatile platform for utilizing specific lipid-receptor interactions, such as siallyllactose-mediated binding of the ganglioside GM3 to Siglec1 (CD169), for targeting purposes. The membrane wrap around the nanoparticles not only serves as a matrix to incorporate GM3 as targeting moiety for antigen-presenting cells but also offers unique opportunities for constructing a biomimetic surface from lipids with potentially protein-repellent properties. We characterize nonspecific protein adsorption (corona formation) to membrane-wrapped nanoparticles with core diameters of approximately 35 and 80 nm and its effect on the GM3-mediated targeting efficacy as a function of surface charge through combined in vitro and in vivo studies. The stability and fate of the membrane wrap around the nanoparticles in a simulated biological fluid and after uptake in CD169-expressing antigen-presenting cells is experimentally tested. Finally, we demonstrate in hock immunization studies in mice that GM3-decorated membrane-wrapped nanoparticles achieve a selective enrichment in the peripheral regions of popliteal lymph nodes that contain high concentrations of CD169-expressing antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Xu
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Xinwei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Lee Wetzler
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Björn M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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34
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Qiu L, Li J, Yu S, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu Z, Wu Q, Guo Z, Zhang J. A novel cancer immunotherapy based on the combination of a synthetic carbohydrate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine and glycoengineered cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5195-203. [PMID: 25760071 PMCID: PMC4467142 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) has severely restricted the usefulness of most TACAs. To overcome this problem, we selected a sialylated trisaccharide TACA, GM3, as a target antigen, and tested a new immunotherapeutic strategy by combining metabolic bioengineering with dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. We engineered cancer cells to express an artificial structure, N-phenylacetyl-D-neuraminic acid, in place of the natural N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid of GM3 by using N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPhAc) as a biosynthetic precursor. Next, we selectively targeted the bioengineered cancer cells by vaccination with DCs pulsed with the GM3 N-phenylacetyl derivative. Vaccination with GM3NPhAc-KLH-loaded DCs elicited robust GM3NPhAc-specific T cell-dependent immunity. The results showed that this strategy could significantly inhibit FBL3 tumor growth and prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice; B16F10 lung metastases could also be reduced. These findings lay out a new strategy for overcoming immune tolerance to TACAs, such as GM3, for the development of effective tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yinghua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Junping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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35
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Zhou Z, Liao G, Mandal SS, Suryawanshi S, Guo Z. A Fully Synthetic Self-Adjuvanting Globo H-Based Vaccine Elicited Strong T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7112-7121. [PMID: 26918109 PMCID: PMC4762603 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on the abnormal glycans expressed on cancer cells, such as the globo H antigen, have witnessed great progress in recent years. For example, the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate of globo H has been on clinical trials as a cancer vaccine. However, such vaccines have intrinsic problems, such as inconsistence in eliciting T cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients and difficult quality control. To address the issue, a structurally defined fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine composed of globo H and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) was developed. The new vaccine was shown to elicit robust IgG1 antibody responses and T cell-dependent immunity, which is desired for anticancer vaccine, and induce significantly faster and stronger immune responses than the globo H-KLH conjugate. Moreover, it was self-adjuvanting, namely, inducing immune responses without the use of an external adjuvant, thus MPLA was not only a vaccine carrier but also a build-in adjuvant. It was also found that antibodies induced by the new vaccine could selectively bind to and mediate strong complement-dependent cytotoxicity to globo H-expressing MCF-7 cancer cell. All of the results have demonstrated that the globo H-MPLA conjugate is a better cancer vaccine than the globo H-KLH conjugate under experimental conditions and is worth further investigation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Satadru S. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Sharad Suryawanshi
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
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36
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Birikaki L, Pradeau S, Armand S, Priem B, Márquez-Domínguez L, Reyes-Leyva J, Santos-López G, Samain E, Driguez H, Fort S. Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Sialylated Oligosaccharides Containing C5-Modified Neuraminic Acids for Dual Inhibition of Hemagglutinins and Neuraminidases. Chemistry 2015; 21:10903-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Saeui CT, Urias E, Liu L, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ. Metabolic glycoengineering bacteria for therapeutic, recombinant protein, and metabolite production applications. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:425-41. [PMID: 25931032 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering is a specialization of metabolic engineering that focuses on using small molecule metabolites to manipulate biosynthetic pathways responsible for oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate production. As outlined in this article, this technique has blossomed in mammalian systems over the past three decades but has made only modest progress in prokaryotes. Nevertheless, a sufficient foundation now exists to support several important applications of metabolic glycoengineering in bacteria based on methods to preferentially direct metabolic intermediates into pathways involved in lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, or capsule polysaccharide production. An overview of current applications and future prospects for this technology are provided in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esteban Urias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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38
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Identification of sialylated glycoproteins from metabolically oligosaccharide engineered pancreatic cells. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:11. [PMID: 25987888 PMCID: PMC4434541 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-015-9083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the use of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and bio-orthogonal ligation reactions combined with lectin microarray and mass spectrometry to analyze sialoglycoproteins in the SW1990 human pancreatic cancer line. Specifically, cells were treated with the azido N-acetylmannosamine analog, 1,3,4-Bu3ManNAz, to label sialoglycoproteins with azide-modified sialic acids. The metabolically labeled sialoglyproteins were then biotinylated via the Staudinger ligation, and sialoglycopeptides containing azido-sialic acid glycans were immobilized to a solid support. The peptides linked to metabolically labeled sialylated glycans were then released from sialoglycopeptides and analyzed by mass spectrometry; in parallel, the glycans from azido-sialoglycoproteins were characterized by lectin microarrays. This method identified 75 unique N-glycosite-containing peptides from 55 different metabolically labeled sialoglycoproteins of which 42 were previously linked to cancer in the literature. A comparison of two of these glycoproteins, LAMP1 and ORP150, in histological tumor samples showed overexpression of these proteins in the cancerous tissue demonstrating that our approach constitutes a viable strategy to identify and discover sialoglycoproteins associated with cancer, which can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or targets for therapy.
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39
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Mondal PK, Liao G, Mondal MA, Guo Z. Chemical synthesis of the repeating unit of type Ia group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. Org Lett 2015; 17:1102-5. [PMID: 25674920 PMCID: PMC4664191 DOI: 10.1021/ol5036563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of serotype Ia group B Streptococcus (GBS) has been characterized for years, but its repeating unit, which is a challenging pentasaccharide with a branch and a difficult α-sialic acid linkage, has not been synthesized yet. In this report, an effective synthesis was developed for the serotype Ia GBS CPS repeating unit, which had a reactive functionality linked to its main-chain reducing end to enable further elaboration, such as coupling with carrier proteins. The target molecule was accomplished by a convergent [2 + 3] glycosylation strategy employing a sialo-disaccharide as donor and a branched trisaccharide as acceptor. The strategy was designed to suit the synthesis of oligomers of the repeating unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohabul A. Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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40
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Zhao P, Bu X, Wei X, Sun W, Xie X, Li C, Guo Q, Zhu D, Wei X, Gao D. Dendritic cell immunotherapy combined with cytokine-induced killer cells promotes skewing toward Th2 cytokine profile in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:450-6. [PMID: 25698555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy (DC/CIK) have shown limited success in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To investigate the reason for this limited success, the effects of DC/CIK cell therapy on the immune responses of tumor-bearing patients and patients with resected NSCLC were evaluated. In the total 50 patients studied, the serum concentrations of the Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in tumor-bearing patients were significantly higher than those with resected NSCLC before immunotherapy. The post-therapy Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ) level in patients with resected NSCLC significantly increased from the pre-therapy level. In contrast, significantly enhanced post-therapy Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) levels were found in tumor-bearing patients. The intracellular staining assay revealed that DC/CIK cell therapy increased the IFN-γ-producing T lymphocyte (CD8(+)IFN-γ(+)) frequency in patients with resected NSCLC, but these lymphocytes were not found in tumor-bearing patients. Furthermore, overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor-bearing patients showed a statistically positive correlation with IL-4, suggesting that VEGF might be responsible for the predominance of serum Th2 cytokines. In a word, tumor-bearing patients developed a Th2-dominant status that could not be reversed toward Th1 following immunotherapy. A combined regiment of DC vaccination and CIK cell therapy with other treatments to overcome systemic Th2-dominant immune response might improve the current clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaocui Bu
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xihe Xie
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Changyou Li
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qingming Guo
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Danni Zhu
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wei
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daiqing Gao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266042, China.
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41
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Zheng XJ, Yang F, Zheng M, Huo CX, Zhang Y, Ye XS. Improvement of the immune efficacy of carbohydrate vaccines by chemical modification on the GM3 antigen. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6399-406. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-modified GM3 glycoconjugates improved the efficiency of the vaccination without the combination of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Mingwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
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42
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Akçay G, Ramphal JY, d’Alarcao M, Kumar K. Total synthesis of trifluorobutyryl-modified, globally protected sialyl Lewis x by a convergent [2+2] approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:109-114. [PMID: 25530638 PMCID: PMC4269248 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural and quantitative changes in the expression of sialic acid residues on the surface of eukaryotic cells profoundly influence a broad range of biological processes including inflammation, antigen recognition, microbial attachment, and tumor metastasis. Uptake and incorporation of sialic acid analogues in mammalian cells enable structure-function studies and perturbation of specific recognition events. Our group has recently shown that a trifluorobutyryl-modified sialic acid metabolite diminishes the adhesion of mammalian cells to E and P-selectin, presumably by leading to the expression of fluorinated sLex epitopes on cell surfaces, and interfering with the sLex-selectin interactions that are well known in mediating tumor cell migration.1 For studies directed towards understanding the molecular basis of this reduced adhesion, chemical synthesis of trifluorobutyrylated sialyl Lewis x (C4F3--sLex) was crucial. We have developed a highly efficient [2+2] approach for the assembly of C4F3-sLex on a preparative scale that contains versatile protective groups allowing the glycan to be surface immobilized or solubilized as needed for biophysical studies to investigate selectin interactions. This strategy can, in principle, be used for preparation of other N-modified sLex analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Akçay
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - John Y. Ramphal
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California 95192 , United States
| | - Marc d’Alarcao
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California 95192 , United States
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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43
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Lee HY, Chen CY, Tsai TI, Li ST, Lin KH, Cheng YY, Ren CT, Cheng TJR, Wu CY, Wong CH. Immunogenicity Study of Globo H Analogues with Modification at the Reducing or Nonreducing End of the Tumor Antigen. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16844-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Lee
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ting Li
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen R. Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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44
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Zhou Z, Liao G, Stepanovs S, Guo Z. Quantifying the Efficiency of N-Phenyl-D-mannosamine to Metabolically Engineer Sialic Acid on Cancer Cell Surface. J Carbohydr Chem 2014; 33:395-407. [PMID: 25400325 PMCID: PMC4228960 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.933483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A convenient method was developed for the quantification of sialic acids expressed by cells and used to analyze the efficiency of N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPhAc) to metabolically glycoengineer SKMEL-28 cancer cell. For this purpose, ManNPhAc-cultured cells were treated with 2M acetic acid to release sialic acids, and the products were treated with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene to form the corresponding derivatives that had strong UV absorptions. The reaction mixture was then applied to HPLC-UV analysis to determine the amounts and the ratios of natural sialic acid and its unnatural analog. It was confirmed that after incubation with ManNPhAc SKMEL-28 cell was effectively glycoengineered to express a significant amount of unnatural sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Sergejs Stepanovs
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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45
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Zhou Z, Mondal M, Liao G, Guo Z. Synthesis and evaluation of monophosphoryl lipid A derivatives as fully synthetic self-adjuvanting glycoconjugate cancer vaccine carriers. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3238-45. [PMID: 24728423 PMCID: PMC4074652 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A fully synthetic carbohydrate-based cancer vaccine is an attractive concept, but an important topic in the area is to develop proper vaccine carriers that can improve the immunogenicity and other immunological properties of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). In this context, four monophosphoryl derivatives of Neisseria meningitidis lipid A were synthesized via a highly convergent and effective strategy and evaluated as vaccine carriers and adjuvants. The conjugates of these monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) derivatives with a modified form of the sTn antigen were found to elicit high titers of antigen-specific IgG antibodies, indicating a T cell-dependent immune response, in the absence of an external adjuvant. It was concluded that MPLAs could be utilized as potent vaccine carriers and built-in adjuvants to create fully synthetic self-adjuvanting carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. The lipid composition and structure of MPLA were shown to have a significant influence on its immunological activity, and among the MPLAs examined, natural N. meningitidis MPLA exhibited the most promising properties. Moreover, Titermax Gold, a conventional vaccine adjuvant, was shown to inhibit, rather than promote, the immunological activity of MPLA conjugates, maybe via interacting with MPLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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46
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Bhatia S, Dimde M, Haag R. Multivalent glycoconjugates as vaccines and potential drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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Gao D, Li C, Xie X, Zhao P, Wei X, Sun W, Liu HC, Alexandrou AT, Jones J, Zhao R, Li JJ. Autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells improves survival in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93886. [PMID: 24699863 PMCID: PMC3974849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and colorectal cancers (GC and CRC) have poor prognosis and are resistant to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. In the present study, the prophylactic effects of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination are evaluated on disease progression and clinical benefits in a group of 54 GC and CRC patients treated with DC immunotherapy combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells after surgery with or without chemo-radiotherapy. DCs were prepared from the mononuclear cells isolated from patients using IL-2/GM-CSF and loaded with tumor antigens; CIK cells were prepared by incubating peripheral blood lymphocytes with IL-2, IFN-γ, and CD3 antibodies. The DC/CIK therapy started 3 days after low-dose chemotherapy and was repeated 3–5 times in 2 weeks as one cycle with a total of 188.3±79.8×106 DCs and 58.8±22.3×108 CIK cells. Cytokine levels in patients' sera before and after treatments were measured and the follow-up was conducted for 98 months to determine disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The results demonstrate that all cytokines tested were elevated with significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 in both GC and CRC cohorts of DC/CIK treated patients. By Cox regression analysis, DC/CIK therapy reduced the risk of post-operative disease progression (p<0.01) with an increased OS (<0.01). These results demonstrate that in addition to chemo- and/or radiotherapy, DC/CIK immunotherapy is a potential effective approach in the control of tumor growth for post-operative GC and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqing Gao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (DG); (JJL)
| | - Changyou Li
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Xihe Xie
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Hsin-Chen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Sacramento, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Aris T. Alexandrou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Sacramento, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Sacramento, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DG); (JJL)
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48
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Daniotti JL, Vilcaes AA, Torres Demichelis V, Ruggiero FM, Rodriguez-Walker M. Glycosylation of glycolipids in cancer: basis for development of novel therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol 2013; 3:306. [PMID: 24392350 PMCID: PMC3867695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered networks of gene regulation underlie many pathologies, including cancer. There are several proteins in cancer cells that are turned either on or off, which dramatically alters the metabolism and the overall activity of the cell, with the complex machinery of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glycolipids not being an exception. The aberrant glycosylation of glycolipids on the surface of the majority of cancer cells, associated with increasing evidence about the functional role of these molecules in a number of cellular physiological pathways, has received considerable attention as a convenient immunotherapeutic target for cancer treatment. This has resulted in the development of a substantial number of passive and active immunotherapies, which have shown promising results in clinical trials. More recently, antibodies to glycolipids have also emerged as an attractive tool for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents, thereby providing a rationale for future therapeutic interventions in cancer. This review first summarizes the cellular and molecular bases involved in the metabolic pathway and expression of glycolipids, both in normal and tumor cells, paying particular attention to sialosylated glycolipids (gangliosides). The current strategies in the battle against cancer in which glycolipids are key players are then described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Daniotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Aldo A Vilcaes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Vanina Torres Demichelis
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Fernando M Ruggiero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Macarena Rodriguez-Walker
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
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49
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One-pot multi-enzyme (OPME) chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialyl-Tn-MUC1 and sialyl-T-MUC1 glycopeptides containing natural or non-natural sialic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4778-85. [PMID: 23535562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of STn-MUC1 and ST-MUC1 glycopeptides containing naturally occurring and non-natural sialic acids have been chemoenzymatically synthesized from Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide using one-pot multienzyme (OPME) approaches. In situ generation of the sialyltransferase donor cytidine 5'-monophosphate-sialic acid (CMP-Sia) using a CMP-sialic acid synthetase in the presence of an extra amount of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) and removal of CMP from the reaction mixture by flash C18 cartridge purification allow the complete consumption of Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide for quantitative synthesis of STn-MUC1. A Campylobacter jejuni β1-3GalT (CjCgtBΔ30-His6) mutant has been found to catalyze the transfer of one or more galactose residues to Tn-MUC1 for the synthesis of T-MUC1 and galactosylated T-MUC1. Sialylation of T-MUC1 using Pasteurella multocida α2-3-sialyltransferase 3 (PmST3) with Neisseria meningitidis CMP-sialic acid synthetase (NmCSS) and Escherichia coli sialic acid aldolase in one pot produced ST-MUC1 efficiently. These glycopeptides are potential cancer vaccine candidates.
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50
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Chiang HL, Lin CY, Jan FD, Lin YS, Hsu CT, Whang-Peng J, Liu LF, Nieh S, Lin CC, Hwang J. A novel synthetic bipartite carrier protein for developing glycotope-based vaccines. Vaccine 2012; 30:7573-81. [PMID: 23099332 PMCID: PMC3513549 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of successful vaccines against glycotopes remains a major challenge. In the current studies, we have successfully developed a novel carrier protein for glycotopes based on the concept of antigen clustering and specific stimulation of T helper cells to mount strong antibody response to glycotopes. The bipartite carrier protein consists of a tandem repeat of a cysteine-rich peptide for docking of clustered glycotopes to effectively activate B cells and an Fc domain for antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells (APCs). To demonstrate its utility, we conjugated the tumor-specific monosaccharide antigen Tn to this novel carrier protein and successfully developed a Tn vaccine against cancer in animal models. The Tn vaccine effectively elicited high-titer IgG1 antibodies against Tn in immunized mice, and effectively suppressed the development of prostate cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice. Our results suggest that this novel bipartite carrier protein could be effectively used for developing anti-glycotope vaccines such as the anticancer Tn vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Dan Jan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Centre & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tse Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leroy F. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shin Nieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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