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Menon V, Katner SJ, Lee DE, Peterson EJ, Koblinski JE, Farrell NP. Antitumor active trans‑platinum complexes through metabolic stability and enhanced cellular accumulation. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112475. [PMID: 38199050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing isoquinoline as a carrier ligand, we have evaluated the reactivity of selected trans‑platinum planar amine (TPA) carboxylate compounds by varying the leaving carboxylate group (acetate, hydroxyacetate, and lactate) in an effort to optimize the cytotoxic and metabolic efficiency. To measure the pharmacological properties of these compounds, a combination of systematic biophysical and biological studies were carried out mainly involving substitution reaction with NAM (N-acetyl-methionine), effects on DNA structural perturbation, cytotoxicity, cellular accumulation, metabolic stability, and cell cycle effects. TPA compounds showed minimal losses in cytotoxic efficacy and outperformed cisplatin after pre-incubation with serum, while displaying a distinct micromolar cytotoxic activity with minimal DNA binding and unaltered cell cycle. Monitoring the TPA compounds with NAM suggests the following trend for the reactivity: hydroxyacetate > lactate > acetate. The same trend was seen for the cytotoxicity in tumor cells and DNA binding, while the rate of drug inactivation/protein binding in cells was not significantly different among these leaving groups. Thus, our results show superior cellular efficacy of TPA compounds and distinct micromolar cytotoxic activities different than cisplatin. Moreover, we found the TPA compounds had prolonged survival and decreased tumor burden compared to the control mice in a relevant human ovarian cancer mouse model with A2780 cells expressing luciferase. Therefore, we propose that further optimization of the basic TPA structure can give further enhanced in vivo activity and may eventually be translated into the development of clinically relevant non-traditional platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Menon
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
| | - Samantha J Katner
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23284, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Geology, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN 56001, USA
| | - Daniel E Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23284, USA
| | - Erica J Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23284, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer E Koblinski
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA; Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23284, USA
| | - Nicholas P Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23284, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA.
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Lu X, Liu YC, Orvig C, Liang H, Chen ZF. Discovery of a Copper-Based Mcl-1 Inhibitor as an Effective Antitumor Agent. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9154-9167. [PMID: 32794745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), which belongs to the Bcl-2 family of prosurvival proteins, is a key regulator of cancer cell survival. To date, few drug-like Mcl-1 inhibitors have been reported. Herein, we report the preparation of 10 copper complexes with 9-substituted β-carboline ligands that act as metal-based Mcl-1 inhibitors. Complex 14 was identified as a potent and selective Mcl-1 inhibitor with strong in vitro antitumor activity. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that complex 14 disrupted Mcl-1-Bax/Bak heterodimerization and induced Bax/Bak-dependent apoptosis. In addition, complex 14 significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited tumor growth in vivo, induced tumor necrosis, and extended survival time in an NCI-H460 xenograft model. Furthermore, complex 14 showed no apparent toxicity in mice. Together, these findings indicate that complex 14 is a copper-based Mcl-1 inhibitor with high efficacy and low toxicity that could be developed for the treatment of Mcl-1-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Chris Orvig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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Lu X, Liu YC, Orvig C, Liang H, Chen ZF. Discovery of β-carboline copper(II) complexes as Mcl-1 inhibitor and in vitro and in vivo activity in cancer models. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Harper BWJ, Petruzzella E, Sirota R, Faccioli FF, Aldrich-Wright JR, Gandin V, Gibson D. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of Pt(iv) derivatives of [Pt(1S,2S-DACH)(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:7005-7019. [PMID: 28513693 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis, characterization and biological activity of a series of platinum(iv) derivatives of [Pt(1S,2S-DACH)(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)] (Pt56MeSS) with non-bioactive, lipophilic and bioactive axial ligands. In an attempt to explore the anticancer activity potential of the Pt(iv) derivatives, 2D and 3D cytotoxic screening and a preliminary in vivo study were performed. The average IC50 values of the platinum(iv) derivatives ranged from 1.26 to 5.39 μM, compared with 1.24 μM for Pt56MeSS, suggesting that the axial ligands have a relatively minor effect on the potency of the compounds. Preliminary in vivo studies indicate that the platinum(iv) derivatives of Pt56MeSS are active in vivo and can reduce the tumor to a similar extent to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W J Harper
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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6
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Brabec V, Hrabina O, Kasparkova J. Cytotoxic platinum coordination compounds. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Raveendran R, Braude JP, Wexselblatt E, Novohradsky V, Stuchlikova O, Brabec V, Gandin V, Gibson D. Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin with phenylbutyrate axial ligands are potent cytotoxic agents that act by several mechanisms of action. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2381-2391. [PMID: 29997781 PMCID: PMC6003606 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04205d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pt(iv) derivative of cisplatin, ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)2Cl2], is a p53 independent very potent cytotoxic agent that kills cancer cells by triggering various cellular pathways.
Our study demonstrates that Pt(iv) derivative of cisplatin, with two axial PhB ligands, ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)2Cl2], is a very potent cytotoxic agent against many different human cancer cell lines and is up to 100 fold more potent than cisplatin, and significantly more potent than the Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin with either two hydroxido, two acetato or two valproato ligands. The high potency of this compound (and some others) is due to several factors including enhanced internalization, probably driven by “synergistic accumulation” of both the Pt moiety and the phenylbutyrate, that correlates with enhanced DNA binding and cytotoxicity. ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)2Cl2] inhibits 60–70% HDAC activity in cancer cells, at levels below the IC50 values of PhB, suggesting synergism between Pt and PhB. Mechanistically, ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)2Cl2] induces activation of caspases (3 and 9) triggering apoptotic signaling via the mitochondrial pathway. Data also suggest that the antiproliferative effect of ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)2Cl2] may not depend of p53. Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin with either two axial PhB or valproate ligands are more potent than their oxaliplatin analogs. ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)2Cl2] is significantly more potent than its valproate analog ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(VPA)2Cl2]. These compounds combine multiple effects such as efficient uptake of both Pt and PhB with DNA binding, HDAC inhibition and activation of caspases to effectively kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Raveendran
- Institute for Drug Research , School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91120 , Israel
| | - Jeremy Phillip Braude
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Universita di Padova , Via Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy .
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Institute for Drug Research , School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91120 , Israel
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Olga Stuchlikova
- Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Biophysics , Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. listopadu 12 , CZ-77146 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Universita di Padova , Via Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy .
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research , School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91120 , Israel
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Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely applied for the treatment of various types of tumours. Over the last few decades, a large variety of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes have been developed to improve the applicability in a wider spectrum of cancers, increase their therapeutic window and reduce the dose-limiting side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is the administration of a photosensitiser followed by visible light activation, is a promising route to avoid damage to healthy cells and the surrounding tissue. Transition metal complexes as photochemotherapeutic agents are an attractive option for further development in the field of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). These complexes exhibit different numbers and types of excited states which are easily accessible upon light irradiation, subsequently giving rise to the formation of various photoproducts that can enable a distinct mode of action. Platinum-diazido complexes are promising candidates for PACT due to the low cytotoxicity when irradiated with visible light. This review summarises the mode of action of current platinum anticancer drugs with cisplatin as a lead example and the development of non-conventional Pt(II) complexes. Background information regarding PDT the photophysical and photochemical properties of metal complexes is provided, as well as notable examples of photoactivated metal complexes with biological activity. Particular emphasis is placed on recent developments on platinum photoactivated drugs.
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Pracharova J, Zerzankova L, Stepankova J, Novakova O, Farrer NJ, Sadler PJ, Brabec V, Kasparkova J. Interactions of DNA with a new platinum(IV) azide dipyridine complex activated by UVA and visible light: relationship to toxicity in tumor cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1099-111. [PMID: 22420335 DOI: 10.1021/tx300057y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Pt(IV) diazido complex trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(pyridine)(2)] (1) is unreactive in the dark but is cytotoxic when photoactivated by UVA and visible light. We have shown that 1 when photoactivated accumulates in tumor cells and binds strongly to nuclear DNA under conditions in which it is toxic to tumor cells. The nature of the DNA adducts, including conformational alterations, induced by photoactivated 1 are distinctly different from those produced in DNA by conventional cisplatin or transplatin. In addition, the observation that major DNA adducts of photoactivated 1 are able to efficiently stall RNA polymerase II more efficiently than cisplatin suggests that transcription inhibition may contribute to the cytotoxicity levels observed for photoactivated 1. Hence, DNA adducts of 1 could trigger a number of downstream cellular effects different from those triggered in cancer cells by DNA adducts of cisplatin. This might lead to the therapeutic effects that could radically improve chemotherapy by platinum complexes. The findings of the present work help to explain the different cytotoxic effects of photoactivated 1 and conventional cisplatin and thereby provide new insights into mechanisms associated with the antitumor effects of platinum complexes photoactivated by UVA and visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Pracharova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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10
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Chemical and structural biology of nucleic acids and protein-nucleic acid complexes for novel drug discovery. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Marzano C, Mazzega Sbovata S, Gandin V, Colavito D, Del Giudice E, Michelin RA, Venzo A, Seraglia R, Benetollo F, Schiavon M, Bertani R. A new class of antitumor trans-amine-amidine-Pt(II) cationic complexes: influence of chemical structure and solvent on in vitro and in vivo tumor cell proliferation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6210-27. [PMID: 20681543 DOI: 10.1021/jm1006534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of cyclopropylamine, cyclopentylamine, and cyclohexylamine with trans-[PtCl2(NCMe)2] afforded the bis-cationic complexes trans-[Pt(amine)2(Z-amidine)2]2+[Cl-]2, 1-3. The solution behavior and biological activity have been studied in different solvents (DMSO, water, polyethylene glycol (PEG 400), and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEG-DME 500)). The biological activity was strongly influenced by the cycloaliphatic amine ring size, with trans-[Pt(NH2CH(CH2)4CH2)2{N(H) horizontal lineC(CH3)N(H)CH(CH2)4CH2}2]2+[Cl-]2 (3) being the most active compound. Complex 3 overcame both cisplatin and MDR resistance, inducing cancer cell death through p53-mediated apoptosis. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis experiments indicated direct DNA damage, reasonably attributable to DNA adducts of trans-[PtCl(amine)(Z-amidine)2][Cl] species, which can evolve to produce disruptive and nonrepairable lesions on DNA, thus leading to the drug-induced programmed cancer cell death. Preliminary in vivo antitumor studies on C57BL mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma highlighted that complex 3 promoted a significant and dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition without adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universy of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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Scaffidi-Domianello YY, Meelich K, Jakupec MA, Arion VB, Kukushkin VY, Galanski M, Keppler BK. Novel cis- and trans-configured bis(oxime)platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5669-78. [PMID: 20459062 DOI: 10.1021/ic100584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel cis- and trans-configured bis(oxime)platinum(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, and (195)Pt) NMR spectroscopy, and, in five cases, by X-ray diffraction. Their cytotoxicity was studied in the cisplatin-sensitive CH1 cell line as well as in inherently cisplatin-resistant SW480 cancer cells. Remarkably, every single dihalidobis(oxime)platinum(II) complex (with either a cis or trans configuration) shows a comparable cytotoxic potency in both cell lines, indicating a capacity of overcoming cisplatin resistance. Particularly strong cytotoxicities were observed in the case of trans-[PtCl(2)(R(2)C=NOH)(2)] (R = Me, n-Pr, i-Pr) with IC(50) values in the high nanomolar concentration range in both CH1 and SW480 cancer cells. These complexes are as potent as cisplatin in CH1 cells and up to 20 times more potent than cisplatin in SW480 cells. In comparison to transplatin, the novel compounds are up to 90 (CH1) and 120 times (SW480) more cytotoxic. The previously reported observation that the trans geometry yields a more active complex in the case of [PtCl(2)(Me(2)C=NOH)(2)] could be confirmed for at least two structural analogues.
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Zhang J, Li L, Ji X, Sun J, Wang L, Zhang Y. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of iodo-bridged binuclear platinum(II) complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2634-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cubo L, Pizarro AM, Quiroga AG, Salassa L, Navarro-Ranninger C, Sadler PJ. Photoactivation of trans diamine platinum complexes in aqueous solution and effect on reactivity towards nucleotides. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:909-18. [PMID: 20546905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We show that UVA irradiation (365nm) of the Pt(IV) complex trans,trans,trans-[Pt(IV)Cl(2)(OH)(2)(dimethylamine)(isopropylamine)] (1), induces reduction to Pt(II) photoproducts. For the mixed amine Pt(II) complex, trans-[Pt(II)Cl(2)(isopropylamine)(methylamine)] (2), irradiation at 365nm increases the rate and extent of hydrolysis, triggering the formation of diaqua species. Additionally, irradiation increases the extent of reaction of complex 2 with guanosine-5'-monophosphate and affords mainly the bis-adduct, while reactions with adenosine-5'-monophosphate and cytidine-5'-monophosphate give rise only to mono-nucleotide adducts. Density Functional Theory calculations have been used to obtain insights into the electronic structure of complexes 1 and 2, and their photophysical and photochemical properties. UVA-irradiation can contribute to enhanced cytotoxic effects of diamine platinum drugs with trans geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Cubo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Skander M, Retailleau P, Bourrié B, Schio L, Mailliet P, Marinetti A. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Amine Pt(II) Complexes, a New Chemical Space for the Development of Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2146-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901693m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Skander
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, I.C.S.N., CNRS UPR 2301, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, I.C.S.N., CNRS UPR 2301, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Bourrié
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche et Développement, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurent Schio
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche et Développement, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Patrick Mailliet
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche et Développement, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Angela Marinetti
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, I.C.S.N., CNRS UPR 2301, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Lovejoy KS, Lippard SJ. Non-traditional platinum compounds for improved accumulation, oral bioavailability, and tumor targeting. Dalton Trans 2009:10651-9. [PMID: 20023892 PMCID: PMC2800312 DOI: 10.1039/b913896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The five platinum anticancer compounds currently in clinical use conform to structure-activity relationships formulated (M. J. Cleare and J. D. Hoeschele, Bioinorg. Chem., 1973, 2, 187-210) shortly after the discovery that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cisplatin, has antitumor activity in mice. These compounds are neutral platinum(II) species with two am(m)ine ligands or one bidentate chelating diamine and two additional ligands that can be replaced by water through aquation reactions. The resulting cations ultimately form bifunctional adducts on DNA. Information about the chemistry of these platinum compounds and correlations of their structures with anticancer activity have provided guidance for the design of novel anticancer drug candidates based on the proposed mechanisms of action. This article discusses advances in the synthesis and evaluation of such non-traditional platinum compounds, including cationic and tumor-targeting constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Lovejoy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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17
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Ramos-Lima FJ, Moneo V, Quiroga AG, Carnero A, Navarro-Ranninger C. The role of p53 in the cellular toxicity by active trans-platinum complexes containing isopropylamine and hydroxymethylpyridine. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:134-41. [PMID: 19853978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite some initial research that reported a lack of activity of trans geometry, complexes with general formula trans-[PtCl2(L)(L')] exhibit an important cytotoxic activity in cisplatin-sensitive and resistant cell lines. Based on the proposed mechanism of action for the trans-platinum compounds, they might form DNA adducts initiating a DNA-damage response and ultimately ending in the activation of the p53 protein. In the present work, we have studied the biochemical properties of the trans-[PtCl2(isopropylamine)(L)] complexes (where L is 3- or 4-(hydroxymethyl)-pyridine) against several cell lines and the relationship between cytotoxicity and the protein p53. Both complexes showed different antitumoral properties depending on the presence or absence of protein p53 in isogenic colon carcinoma HCT116 cell lines. Cell cycle studies with the complexes in these cell lines were performed to investigate their antitumoral activity. Apoptosis was observed to be launched from G1 or G2/M accumulations. Confocal microscopy showed the different behaviour of isogenic tumoral cell lines treated with the trans-platinum complexes. Our data suggest that small differences in the carrier ligands could play an important role in the overall biological effects. The body of the research regarding structure-activity relationships such as the different position of groups in the carrier ligands will provide new rational basis for the design of new platinum antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ramos-Lima
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kasherman Y, Sturup S, Gibson D. Is glutathione the major cellular target of cisplatin? A study of the interactions of cisplatin with cancer cell extracts. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4319-28. [PMID: 19537717 DOI: 10.1021/jm900138u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an anticancer drug whose efficacy is limited because tumors develop resistance to the drug. Resistant cells often have elevated levels of cellular glutathione (GSH), believed to be the major cellular target of cisplatin that inactivates the drug by binding to it irreversibly, forming [Pt(SG)(2)] adducts. We show by [(1)H,(15)N] HSQC that the half-life of (15)N labeled cisplatin in whole cell extracts is approximately 75 min, but no Pt-GSH adducts were observed. When the low molecular mass fraction (<3 kDa) of the extracts was incubated with cisplatin, binding to GSH was observed probably due to removal of high molecular mass platinophiles. Two-thirds of the Pt adducts formed in whole cell extracts, had a molecular mass >3 kDa. [Pt(SG)(2)] cannot account for more than 20% of the Pt adducts. The concentration of reduced thiols in the high molecular mass fraction of the extracts is six times higher than in the low molecular mass fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Kasherman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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19
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Abstract
Substitution of NH(3) by a range of amines in trans-[PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2)] produces compounds with cytotoxicity significantly improved over the parent transplatin and in many cases equivalent to that of cisplatin. This microreview summarizes the chemistry and biology of trans-platinum compounds containing principally planar amines and succinctly reviews the current status of anticancer relevance of the trans-platinum geometry. The nature of bifunctional DNA adducts (intrastrand, interstrand) is remarkably dependent on the nature of the amine. Further, the stability of monofunctional adducts allows for competitive production of DNA-protein crosslinks and overall the results suggest that the trans-platinum chemotype may offer significant potential for design of selective DNA-protein crosslinking agents. A subset of proteins known to bind to DNA modified by trans-platinum is that comprised of zinc fingers - model studies show the potential for formation of heteronuclear thiolate-bridged species as precedent for zinc displacement from the biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena M Aris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University 1001 W. Main St., Richmond VA 23284-2006
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The influence of temperature on antiproliferative effects, cellular uptake and DNA platination of the clinically employed Pt(II)-drugs. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 102:629-35. [PMID: 18037490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular uptake of a drug is one of the most important factors influencing its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Our laboratory has previously studied platinum uptake following cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin treatment at sub-lethal doses of selected tumour cell lines. Here we report on the influence of temperature on dose-dependent antiproliferative effects, cellular uptake and DNA platination of these platinum-based drugs tested on MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cell line. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique has been chosen to perform Pt determinations on cells treated with drug concentrations similar with those usually found in vivo in human plasma. The high sensitivity and analytical rapidity of this technique made possible to carry out a very large amount of Pt determinations (about 300) necessary for this study. Hyperthermia (43 degrees C) proved a synergistic effect with cisplatin on cell growth inhibition, while only an additive effect was demonstrated for carboplatin and oxaliplatin. This behaviour might be explained by the higher DNA platination ratio between data at 43 and 37 degrees C of cisplatin with respect to those of carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
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Abstract
With the current demographic development and the knowledge that the probability to be diagnosed with cancer increases with age, the search for new treatment options in cancer chemotherapy is of utmost importance for the society. Capillary electrophoretic methods have been applied in the last few years for studying the properties of metal-based drugs and drug candidates. Especially, the elucidation of the mode of action of such compounds could contribute significantly to design new drugs for overcoming the threat of cancer. This review article highlights the developments in metallodrug research applying CE during the last 4 years and follows a review from 2003 (Hartinger, C. G., Timerbaev, A. R., Keppler, B. K., Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 2023-2037). Most importantly the broadening of application areas of CE must be noted: especially the binding studies of metal complexes toward proteins (including the determination of association and rate constants), following redox reactions of metal complexes and their influence on the reactivity toward biotargets, etc. are important development areas of the last few years. In parallel with these new applications goes the usage of new or modified separation methods including microemulsion EKC or ACE, or the advantageous use of equipping the CE system with mass spectrometric detectors such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or ESI mass spectrometers (MS) for determining the degree of metallation of a protein or characterizing the adducts. Finally, upcoming requirements for expanding the method's application area are discussed including studies on new targets in the cell, analyzing real-world samples, methodological development, and contributions to improve the design of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Hartinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Zorbas-Seifried S, Jakupec MA, Kukushkin NV, Groessl M, Hartinger CG, Semenova O, Zorbas H, Kukushkin VY, Keppler BK. Reversion of structure-activity relationships of antitumor platinum complexes by acetoxime but not hydroxylamine ligands. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 71:357-65. [PMID: 17050805 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cis-configured exchangeable ligands has long been considered a prerequisite for antitumor activity of platinum complexes, but over the past few years, several examples violating this structure-activity relationship have been recognized. We report here on studies with the geometric isomers of [PtCl2(acetoxime)2], cis-[dichlorobis(acetoxime)platinum(II)] [1 (cis)] and trans-[dichlorobis(acetoxime)platinum(II)] [2 (trans)], as well as those of [PtCl2(hydroxylamine)2], cis-[dichlorobis(hydroxylamine)platinum(II)] [3 (cis)] and trans-[dichlorobis(hydroxylamine)platinum(II)] [4 (trans)]. We found that 2 (trans)is 16 times more cytotoxic than 1 (cis) and as cytotoxic as cisplatin in cisplatin-sensitive ovarian carcinoma cells (CH1). Moreover, 2 (trans) is 15 times more cytotoxic than either cisplatin or 1 (cis) in intrinsically cisplatin-resistant colon carcinoma cells (SW480). Thus, compound 2 (trans) represents a novel type of active platinum(II) complexes of the trans geometry, whereas the hydroxylamine-containing complexes conform to the classic structure-activity relationships. The reactivity of the compounds toward dGMP and DNA and their capacity to alter the structure of double-stranded DNA and form interstrand cross-links were studied by capillary electrophoresis and gel electrophoresis. The slow binding of 2 (trans) to dGMP (tau(1/2) = 50 h versus 8.9 h in the case of cisplatin), the low reactivity toward DNA, the comparatively small impact on DNA secondary structure, and the lack of detectable interstrand cross-linking suggest a mode of action fundamentally different from that of cisplatin. Implications of our findings for the minimal structural requirements (e.g., planarity around the nitrogen donor atom and/or ramified aliphatic moiety attached to the latter) of active trans-configured platinum complexes are discussed.
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