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Wang ZH, You Y, Zhao JQ, Zhang YP, Yin JQ, Yuan WC. Recent Progress in Heterocycle Synthesis: Cyclization Reaction with Pyridinium and Quinolinium 1,4-Zwitterions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073059. [PMID: 37049822 PMCID: PMC10095670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroarene 1, n-zwitterions are powerful and versatile building blocks in the construction of heterocycles and have received increasing attention in recent years. In particular, pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions have been widely studied and used in a variety of cyclization reactions due to their air stability, ease of use, and high efficiency. Sulfur- and nitrogen-based pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions, types of emerging heteroatom-containing synthons, have attracted much attention from chemists. These 1,4-zwitterions, which contain multiple reaction sites, have been successfully used in the synthesis of three- to eight-membered cyclic compounds over the last decade. In this review, we present the exciting progress made in the field of cyclization reactions of sulfur- and nitrogen-based pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions. Moreover, the mechanistic insights, the transition states, some synthetic applications, and the challenges and opportunities are also discussed. We hope to provide an overview for synthetic chemists who are interested in the heterocycle synthesis from cyclization reaction with pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong You
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jun-Qing Yin
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Ghalib RM, Mehdi SH, Malla AM, Alam MG, Hashim R, Novaković SB, Kawamura F, Alzahrani HAH. Novel Indole-Pyrazine Alkaloid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521070051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shahnaei R, Kabirifard H, Fathololoomi P. Synthesis of pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitriles via the one‐pot three‐component reaction of 4‐benzoyl‐5‐phenylamino‐2,3‐dihydrothiophene‐2,3‐dione, diaminomaleonitrile, and functionalized alcohols in acetonitrile. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Shahnaei
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Hassan Kabirifard
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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Moloudi M, Kabirifard H, Piri S, Naghizadeh E. Synthesis of 2,3-dicyanopyrazine and ethyl 5-amino-4,6-dicyanobiphenyl-3-carboxylate derivatives from ethyl aroylpyruvates. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractReactions of ethyl 4-aryl-2,4-dioxobutanoates1a–cat ambient temperature with diaminomaleonitrile in glacial acetic acid and with malononitrile in ethanol/H2O (1:1) led to the formation of 5-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrazine-2,3-dicarbontrile2a–cand ethyl 5-amino-4,6-dicyanobiphenyl-3-carboxylate derivatives3a–c, respectively.
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Moloudi M, Kabirifard H, Kabirifard R, Mahdikhani M. Reactions of 4-benzoyl-5-phenylamino-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2,3-dione and diaminomaleonitrile in the presence of alcohols as reactant and solvent. J Sulphur Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2017.1307983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moloudi
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Kabirifard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raihaneh Kabirifard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mahdikhani
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Kaserer T, Lantero A, Schmidhammer H, Spetea M, Schuster D. μ Opioid receptor: novel antagonists and structural modeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21548. [PMID: 26888328 PMCID: PMC4757823 DOI: 10.1038/srep21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The μ opioid receptor (MOR) is a prominent member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and the molecular target of morphine and other opioid drugs. Despite the long tradition of MOR-targeting drugs, still little is known about the ligand-receptor interactions and structure-function relationships underlying the distinct biological effects upon receptor activation or inhibition. With the resolved crystal structure of the β-funaltrexamine-MOR complex, we aimed at the discovery of novel agonists and antagonists using virtual screening tools, i.e. docking, pharmacophore- and shape-based modeling. We suggest important molecular interactions, which active molecules share and distinguish agonists and antagonists. These results allowed for the generation of theoretically validated in silico workflows that were employed for prospective virtual screening. Out of 18 virtual hits evaluated in in vitro pharmacological assays, three displayed antagonist activity and the most active compound significantly inhibited morphine-induced antinociception. The new identified chemotypes hold promise for further development into neurochemical tools for studying the MOR or as potential therapeutic lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kaserer
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aquilino Lantero
- Opioid Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Schmidhammer
- Opioid Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Opioid Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Carroll FI, Dolle RE. The discovery and development of the N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine class of pure opioid receptor antagonists. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1638-54. [PMID: 24981721 PMCID: PMC5588862 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines are a class of pure opioid receptor antagonists with a novel pharmacophore. This opioid receptor antagonist pharmacophore was used as a lead structure to design and develop several interesting and useful opioid receptor antagonists. In this review we describe: 1) early SAR studies that led to the discovery of LY255582 and analogues that are nonselective opioid receptor antagonists developed for the treatment of obesity; 2) the discovery and commercialization of LY246736 (alvimopan; ENTEREG®), a peripherally selective opioid receptor antagonist that accelerates the time to upper and lower GI recovery following surgeries that include partial bowel resection with primary anastomosis; and 3) the discovery and development of the potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonist JDTic and analogues as potential pharmacotherapies for treating depression, anxiety, and substance abuse (nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine). In addition, the use of JDTic for obtaining the X-ray structure of the human κ opioid receptor is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Research Triangle Institute, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (USA).
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Platt DM, Bano KM. Opioid receptors and the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol in squirrel monkeys: Mu and delta opioid receptor mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 650:233-9. [PMID: 20940013 PMCID: PMC2997855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mu and delta opioid receptors modulate the reinforcing effects of ethanol, however, their role in the subjective effects of ethanol is not well understood. This study evaluated the contribution of mu and delta opioid receptors to the subjective effects of ethanol using drug discrimination procedures. Monkeys were trained to discriminate ethanol from saline under a schedule of food delivery. In tests, ethanol engendered increases in drug-lever responding, reaching a maximum of >80%. The mu opioid receptor agonists fentanyl and buprenorphine and the delta opioid receptor agonists SNC 80 and SNC 162 did not substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol. As pretreatments, the full agonists fentanyl and SNC 80 enhanced the effects of low doses of ethanol and fentanyl attenuated the effects of the ethanol training dose. Although the possibility of pharmacological antagonism of the effects of ethanol cannot be ruled out, a more likely alternative is that the diminished effects of ethanol were due to perceptual masking of the ethanol stimulus. In contrast, the partial agonists buprenorphine and SNC 162 did not alter ethanol's effects. Finally, the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol were attenuated following administration of presumably mu-selective doses of the antagonist naltrexone, but not after administration of the delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole. The ability of naltrexone to block the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol likely reflects its capacity to attenuate ethanol-induced increases in endogenous opioids, in particular beta-endorphin, because attenuation of the ethanol stimulus was not accompanied by significant suppression of response rate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ethanol/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Saimiri
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Platt
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, One Pine Hill Drive, P.O. Box 9102, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA.
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Barker G, O’Brien P, Campos KR. Diamine-Free Lithiation−Trapping of N-Boc Heterocycles using s-BuLi in THF. Org Lett 2010; 12:4176-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1017799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Kevin R. Campos
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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Pierce JG, Kasi D, Fushimi M, Cuzzupe A, Wipf P. Synthesis of hydroxylated bicyclic amino acids from L-tyrosine: octahydro-1H-indole carboxylates. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7807-10. [PMID: 18767800 DOI: 10.1021/jo801552j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective approach to polyhydroxylated L-Choi derivatives has been developed. The oxidative cyclization of L-tyrosine was optimized to avoid partial racemization and to allow a more efficient scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Sivakumar PM, Geetha Babu SK, Doble M. Impact of Topological and Electronic Descriptors in the QSAR of Pyrazine Containing Thiazolines and Thiazolidinones as Antitubercular and Antibacterial Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 71:447-463. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Darses S, Genet JP. Potassium Organotrifluoroborates: New Perspectives in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2007; 108:288-325. [PMID: 18095714 DOI: 10.1021/cr0509758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Darses
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique et Produits Naturels (UMR 7573, CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P&M Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Genet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique et Produits Naturels (UMR 7573, CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P&M Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Abstract
This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2006 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurological disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Goodman A, Le Bourdonnec B, Dolle R. Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonists: Recent Developments. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1552-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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