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An T, Lu L, Li G. Daily exposure to low concentrations Tetrabromobisphenol A interferes with the thyroid hormone pathway in HepG2 cells. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:384-391. [PMID: 38933766 PMCID: PMC11197689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a flame retardant that adversely affects the environment and human health. The present study exposed HepG2 cells to low concentrations of TBBPA daily to investigate the changes in gene regulation, mainly related to pathways associated with the endocrine system. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed that prolonged exposure gradually activated the thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone signaling pathways. The expression levels of genes related to the thyroid hormone signaling pathway were upregulated (1.15-8.54 times) after five generations of exposure to 1 and 81 nM TBBPA. Furthermore, co-exposure to 81 nM TBBPA and 0.5 nM thyroid hormone receptor antagonist for five generations significantly reduced the expression of thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptors. Meanwhile, 81 nM TBBPA inhibited the activation of the Ras pathway and downregulated Ras gene expression level (3.7 times), indicating the association between the toxic effect and thyroid hormone receptors. Additionally, our experiments revealed that the thyroid hormone pathway regulated the induction of the Ras signaling pathway by TBBPA. The study thus proves that daily exposure to TBBPA interferes with the thyroid hormone signaling pathway and subsequently the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lirong Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Chen ZF, Lin ZC, Lu SQ, Chen XF, Liao XL, Qi Z, Cai Z. Azole-Induced Color Vision Deficiency Associated with Thyroid Hormone Signaling: An Integrated In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13264-13273. [PMID: 36082512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Azoles that are used in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products can have toxic effects on fish. However, there is no information regarding azole-induced visual disorder associated with thyroid disruption. We evaluated changes in retinal morphology, optokinetic response, transcript abundance of the genes involved in color perception and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and thyroid hormone (TH) levels in zebrafish larvae exposed to common azoles, such as climbazole (CBZ, 0.1 and 10 μg/L) and triadimefon (TDF, 50 and 500 μg/L), at environmentally relevant and predicted worst-case environmental concentrations. Subsequently, the effect of azoles on TH-dependent GH3 cell proliferation and thyroid receptor (TR)-regulated transcriptional activity, as well as the in silico binding affinity between azoles and TR isoforms, was investigated. Azole exposure decreased cell densities of the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer. Zebrafish larvae exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ and TDF showed a decrease in optokinetic response to green-white and red-white stripes but not blue-white stripes, consistent with disturbance in the corresponding opsin gene expression. Azole exposure also reduced triiodothyronine levels and concomitantly increased HPT-related gene expression. Molecular docking analysis combined with in vitro TR-mediated transactivation and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that CBZ and TDF exhibited TR antagonism. These results are comparable to those obtained from a known TR antagonist, namely, TR antagonist 1, as a positive control. Therefore, damage to specific color perception by azoles appears to result from lowered TH signaling, indicating the potential threat of environmental TH disruptors to the visual function of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Qi Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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3
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Wei S, Chen F, Xu T, Cao M, Yang X, Zhang B, Guo X, Yin D. BDE-99 Disrupts the Photoreceptor Patterning of Zebrafish Larvae via Transcription Factor six7. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5673-5683. [PMID: 35413178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proper visual function is essential for collecting environmental information and supporting the decision-making in the central nervous system and is therefore tightly associated with wildlife survival and human health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were reported to impair zebrafish vision development, and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling was suspected as the main contributor. In this study, a pentabrominated PBDE, BDE-99, was chosen to further explore the action mechanism of PBDEs on the disruption of zebrafish color vision. The results showed that BDE-99 could impair multiple photoreceptors in the retina and disturb the behavior guided by the color vision of zebrafish larvae at 120 h post-fertilization. Although the resulting alteration in photoreceptor patterning highly resembled the effects of 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyroine, introducing the antagonist for TH receptors was unable to fully recover the alteration, which suggested the involvement of other potential regulatory factors. By modulating the expression of six7, a key inducer of middle-wavelength opsins, we demonstrated that six7, not THs, dominated the photoreceptor patterning in the disruption of BDE-99. Our work promoted the understanding of the regulatory role of six7 in the process of photoreceptor patterning and proposed a novel mechanism for the visual toxicity of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xueping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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4
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Halogen Bonding in Haspin-Halogenated Tubercidin Complexes: Molecular Dynamics and Quantum Chemical Calculations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030706. [PMID: 35163974 PMCID: PMC8840108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haspin, an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase, is a potential target for cancer therapy. 5-iodotubercidin (5-iTU), an adenosine derivative, has been identified as a potent Haspin inhibitor in vitro. In this paper, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to identify and quantitatively confirm the presence of halogen bonding (XB), specifically halogen∙∙∙π (aromatic) interaction between halogenated tubercidin ligands with Haspin. Consistent with previous theoretical finding, the site specificity of the XB binding over the ortho-carbon is identified in all cases. A systematic increase of the interaction energy down Group 17, based on both quantum chemical and MD results, supports the important role of halogen bonding in this series of inhibitors. The observed trend is consistent with the experimental observation of the trend of activity within the halogenated tubercidin ligands (F < Cl < Br < I). Furthermore, non-covalent interaction (NCI) plots show that cooperative non-covalent interactions, namely, hydrogen and halogen bonds, contribute to the binding of tubercidin ligands toward Haspin. The understanding of the role of halogen bonding interaction in the ligand-protein complexes may shed light on rational design of potent ligands in the future.
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Huang G, Solano CM, Melendez J, Yu-Alfonzo S, Boonhok R, Min H, Miao J, Chakrabarti D, Yuan Y. Discovery of fast-acting dual-stage antimalarial agents by profiling pyridylvinylquinoline chemical space via copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112889. [PMID: 33045660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To identity fast-acting, multistage antimalarial agents, a series of pyridylvinylquinoline-triazole analogues have been synthesized via CuAAC. Most of the compounds display significant inhibitory effect on the drug-resistant malarial Dd2 strain at low submicromolar concentrations. Among the tested analogues, compound 60 is the most potent molecule with an EC50 value of 0.04 ± 0.01 μM. Our current study indicates that compound 60 is a fast-acting antimalarial compound and it demonstrates stage specific action at the trophozoite phase in the P. falciparum asexual life cycle. In addition, compound 60 is active against both early and late stage P. falciparum gametocytes. From a mechanistic perspective, compound 60 shows good activity as an inhibitor of β-hematin formation. Collectively, our findings suggest that fast-acting agent 60 targets dual life stages of the malarial parasites and warrant further investigation of pyridylvinylquinoline hybrids as new antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Claribel Murillo Solano
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Joel Melendez
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Sabrina Yu-Alfonzo
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA; Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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6
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Yao B, Wei Y, Zhang S, Tian S, Xu S, Wang R, Zheng W, Li Y. Revealing a Mutant-Induced Receptor Allosteric Mechanism for the Thyroid Hormone Resistance. iScience 2019; 20:489-496. [PMID: 31655060 PMCID: PMC6806671 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a clinical disorder without specific and effective therapeutic strategy, partly due to the lack of structural mechanisms for the defective ligand binding by mutated thyroid hormone receptors (THRs). We herein uncovered the prescription drug roxadustat as a novel THRβ-selective ligand with therapeutic potentials in treating RTH, thereby providing a small molecule tool enabling the first probe into the structural mechanisms of RTH. Despite a wide distribution of the receptor mutation sites, different THRβ mutants induce allosteric conformational modulation on the same His435 residue, which disrupts a critical hydrogen bond required for the binding of thyroid hormones. Interestingly, roxadustat retains hydrophobic interactions with THRβ via its unique phenyl extension, enabling the rescue of the activity of the THRβ mutants. Our study thus reveals a critical receptor allosterism mechanism for RTH by mutant THRβ, providing a new and viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RTH. We identified a novel THR ligand that effectively binds to THRβ mutants Structures revealed mechanisms for the RTH controlled by a key residue switch Roxadustat retains unique hydrophobic interactions with THRβ mutants We provide a promising approach to design THR ligands in treating RTH
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Affiliation(s)
- Benqiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yijuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shuchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Weili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China.
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7
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Classification of thyroid hormone receptor agonists and antagonists using statistical learning approaches. Mol Divers 2018; 23:85-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Toti D, Macari G, Polticelli F. Protein-ligand binding site detection as an alternative route to molecular docking and drug repurposing. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
After the onset of the genomic era, the detection of ligand binding sites in proteins has emerged over the last few years as a powerful tool for protein function prediction. Several approaches, both sequence and structure based, have been developed, but the full potential of the corresponding tools has not been exploited yet. Here, we describe the development and classification of a large, almost exhaustive, collection of protein-ligand binding sites to be used, in conjunction with the Ligand Binding Site Recognition Application Web Application developed in our laboratory, as an alternative to virtual screening through molecular docking simulations to identify novel lead compounds for known targets. Ligand binding sites derived from the Protein Data Bank have been clustered according to ligand similarity, and given a known ligand, the binding mode of related ligands to the same target can be predicted. The collection of ligand binding sites contains more than 200,000 sites corresponding to more than 20,000 different ligands. Furthermore, the ligand binding sites of all Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs have been classified as well, allowing to investigate the possible binding of each of them (and related compounds) to a given target for drug repurposing and redesign initiatives. Sample usage cases are also described to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
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9
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Li B, Guo DD, Guo SH, Pan GF, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Palladium-Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Phenyl 2-Pyridylsulfonates. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:130-144. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry&Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry&Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Huan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry&Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Gao-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry&Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry&Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry&Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
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10
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Ogungbe IV, Crouch RA, Demeritte T. (-) Arctigenin and (+) pinoresinol are antagonists of the human thyroid hormone receptor β. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3051-5. [PMID: 25383984 PMCID: PMC4245177 DOI: 10.1021/ci500537e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lignans are important biologically
active dietary polyphenolic compounds. Consumption of foods that are
rich in lignans is associated with positive health effects. Using
modeling tools to probe the ligand-binding pockets of molecular receptors,
we found that lignans have high docking affinity for the human thyroid
hormone receptor β. Follow-up experimental results show that
lignans (−) arctigenin and (+) pinoresinol are antagonists
of the human thyroid hormone receptor β. The modeled complexes
show key plausible interactions between the two ligands and important
amino acid residues of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University , Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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11
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Prediction of binding affinity and efficacy of thyroid hormone receptor ligands using QSAR and structure-based modeling methods. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:177-89. [PMID: 25058446 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone receptor (THR) is an important member of the nuclear receptor family that can be activated by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models have been developed to facilitate the prioritization of THR-mediated EDC for the experimental validation. The largest database of binding affinities available at the time of the study for ligand binding domain (LBD) of THRβ was assembled to generate both continuous and classification QSAR models with an external accuracy of R(2)=0.55 and CCR=0.76, respectively. In addition, for the first time a QSAR model was developed to predict binding affinities of antagonists inhibiting the interaction of coactivators with the AF-2 domain of THRβ (R(2)=0.70). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for a set of THRβ ligands (57 agonists and 15 antagonists of LBD, 210 antagonists of the AF-2 domain, supplemented by putative decoys/non-binders) using several THRβ structures retrieved from the Protein Data Bank. We found that two agonist-bound THRβ conformations could effectively discriminate their corresponding ligands from presumed non-binders. Moreover, one of the agonist conformations could discriminate agonists from antagonists. Finally, we have conducted virtual screening of a chemical library compiled by the EPA as part of the Tox21 program to identify potential THRβ-mediated EDCs using both QSAR models and docking. We concluded that the library is unlikely to have any EDC that would bind to the THRβ. Models developed in this study can be employed either to identify environmental chemicals interacting with the THR or, conversely, to eliminate the THR-mediated mechanism of action for chemicals of concern.
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12
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Shen Y, Liu G, Zhou Z, Lu X. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H olefination for the synthesis of ortho-alkenyl phenols using an oxidizing directing group. Org Lett 2013; 15:3366-9. [PMID: 23786398 DOI: 10.1021/ol4014188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
By using an oxidizing directing group, a mild, efficient Rh(III) catalyzed C-H olefination reaction between N-phenoxyacetamides and alkenes was developed. This reaction provided a straightforward way for the synthesis of ortho-alkenyl phenols, and the directing group is traceless in the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers exhibit different activities on thyroid hormone receptors depending on their degree of bromination. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Hu J, Adogla EA, Ju Y, Fan D, Wang Q. Copper-catalyzed ortho-acylation of phenols with aryl aldehydes and its application in one-step preparation of xanthones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11256-8. [PMID: 23069775 PMCID: PMC3496182 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of triphenylphosphine, copper(II) chloride can catalyze an intermolecular ortho-acylation reaction of phenols with aryl aldehydes. The reaction proceeds smoothly with a wide range of starting materials, and furthermore, it can be used to synthesize xanthone derivatives in a single step in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Enoch A. Adogla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Yong Ju
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daping Fan
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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15
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Joharapurkar AA, Dhote VV, Jain MR. Selective Thyromimetics Using Receptor and Tissue Selectivity Approaches: Prospects for Dyslipidemia. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5649-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2004706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit A. Joharapurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8A, Moraiya,
Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Vipin V. Dhote
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8A, Moraiya,
Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Mukul R. Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8A, Moraiya,
Ahmedabad 382210, India
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16
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Huang C, Chattopadhyay B, Gevorgyan V. Silanol: a traceless directing group for Pd-catalyzed o-alkenylation of phenols. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12406-9. [PMID: 21766826 PMCID: PMC3156791 DOI: 10.1021/ja204924j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A silanol-directed, Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of phenols is reported. This work features silanol, as a novel traceless directing group, and a directed o-C-H alkenylation of phenols. This new method allows for efficient synthesis of diverse alkenylated phenols, including an estrone derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
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17
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Hirano T, Kagechika H. Thyromimetics: a review of recent reports and patents (2004 – 2009). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:213-28. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770903567069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Kim JY, Son YL, Kim JS, Lee YC. Molecular determinants required for selective interactions between the thyroid hormone receptor homodimer and the nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR. J Mol Biol 2009; 396:747-60. [PMID: 20006618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unliganded nuclear receptor (NR) generally recruits the NR corepressor (N-CoR) and the silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor via its direct binding to the extended helical motif within dual NR-interaction domains (IDs) of corepressors. Interestingly, N-CoR has a third ID (ID3) upstream of two IDs (ID1 and ID2) and its core motif (IDVII), rather than an extended helical motif, is known to be involved directly in the exclusive interaction of ID3 with the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Here, we investigated the molecular determinants of the TR interaction with ID3 to understand the molecular basis of the N-CoR preference shown by the TR homodimer. Using a one- plus two-hybrid system, we identified the specific residues of N-CoR-ID2 and N-CoR-ID3 that are required for stable association of N-CoR with the TR homodimer. By swapping experiments and mutagenesis studies, we found that the C-terminally flanked residues of the core motif of ID3 contribute to the TR preference for N-CoR-ID3, suggesting that an extended three-turn helix might form within the ID3 via a C-terminal extension (IDVIITRQI) and participate directly in the TR-specific interaction. Structural modeling of the ID3 motif on TR-LBD is consistent with this conclusion. Notably, we identified a novel interaction between N-CoR-ID3 and orphan NR RevErb that is mediated by the residues crucial also in TR binding. These observations raise the intriguing possibility that NR homodimers such as TR and RevErb display preferential binding to the N-CoR corepressor via their specific interactions with ID3, which is normally absent from the silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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19
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Valadares NF, Salum LB, Polikarpov I, Andricopulo AD, Garratt RC. Role of Halogen Bonds in Thyroid Hormone Receptor Selectivity: Pharmacophore-Based 3D-QSSR Studies. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:2606-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ci900316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Napoleão F. Valadares
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia B. Salum
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano D. Andricopulo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Richard C. Garratt
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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20
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Jeyakumar M, Katzenellenbogen JA. A dual-acceptor time-resolved Föster resonance energy transfer assay for simultaneous determination of thyroid hormone regulation of corepressor and coactivator binding to the thyroid hormone receptor: Mimicking the cellular context of thyroid hormone action. Anal Biochem 2008; 386:73-8. [PMID: 19111515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the development of two in vitro time-resolved Föster resonance energy transfer (tr-FRET)-based assays for evaluating the potency and efficacy of different ligands of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) for regulating the recruitment of coregulators. We could measure independently, in separate assays, both the recruitment of SRC3 (steroid receptor coactivator 3, a transcriptional coactivator) and the dissociation of NCoR (nuclear receptor corepressor, a transcriptional corepressor) from a TR*retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimer bound to a DR+4 thyroid hormone response element (TRE). Here, by using the distinct emission peaks of Tb(3+), the donor fluorophore used to label the TRE-bound TR*RXR heterodimers, and selecting two distinct acceptor fluorophores, fluorescein and cyanine 5, to label of NCoR and SRC3, respectively, we have integrated our previous two assay formats into a single assay. Thus, we can measure the potency of TR ligands simultaneously for NCoR dissociation and SRC3 recruitment activities in a system that mimics many features of the cellular context of TR action. The performance of this dual assay was tested with a known, highly potent physiological TR ligand, triiodothyronine (T(3)), and with a synthetic TR antagonist, NH-3. Measured potencies and efficacies of these two TR ligands from this dual assay are highly comparable to those obtained from the two independent assays. Thus, this dual-acceptor tr-FRET assay further simplifies the measurement of ligand-modulated TR-coregulator interactions and should improve the overall efficiency of the screening process of TR drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeyakumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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21
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Martínez L, Polikarpov I, Skaf MS. Only subtle protein conformational adaptations are required for ligand binding to thyroid hormone receptors: simulations using a novel multipoint steered molecular dynamics approach. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10741-51. [PMID: 18681473 DOI: 10.1021/jp803403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are hormone-dependent transcription regulators that play a major role in human health, development, and metabolic functions. The thyroid hormone resistance syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and some types of cancer are just a few examples of important diseases that are related to TR malfunctioning, particularly impaired hormone binding. Ligand binding to and dissociation from the receptor ultimately control gene transcription and, thus, detailed knowledge of binding and release mechanisms are fundamental for the comprehension of the receptor's biological function and development of pharmaceuticals. In this work, we present the first computational study of ligand entry into the ligand binding domain (LBD) of a nuclear receptor. We report molecular dynamics simulations of ligand binding to TRs using a generalization of the steered molecular dynamics technique designed to perform single-molecule pulling simulations along arbitrarily nonlinear driving pathways. We show that only gentle protein movements and conformational adaptations are required for ligand entry into the LBDs and that the magnitude of the forces applied to assist ligand binding are of the order of the forces involved in ligand dissociation. Our simulations suggest an alternative view for the mechanisms ligand binding and dissociation of ligands from nuclear receptors in which ligands can simply diffuse through the protein surface to reach proper positioning within the binding pocket. The proposed picture indicates that the large-amplitude protein motions suggested by the apo- and holo-RXRalpha crystallographic structures are not required, reconciling conformational changes of LBDs required for ligand entry with other nuclear receptors apo-structures that resemble the ligand-bound LBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Martínez
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13084-862, Brazil
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22
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Zheng J, Hashimoto A, Putnam M, Miller K, Koh JT. Development of a thyroid hormone receptor targeting conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1227-34. [PMID: 18507428 DOI: 10.1021/bc8000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular conjugates of hormone receptor-ligands with molecular probes or functional domains are finding diverse applications in chemical biology. Whereas many examples of hormone conjugates that target steroid hormone receptors have been reported, practical ligand conjugates that target the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TRbeta) are lacking. TR-targeting conjugate scaffolds based on the ligands GC-1 and NH-2 and the natural ligand triiodothyronine (T3) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in cellular assays. Whereas the T3 or GC-1 based conjugates did not bind TRbeta with high affinity, the NH-2 inspired fluorescein-conjugate JZ01 showed low nanomolar affinity for TRbeta and could be used as a nonradiometric probe for ligand binding. A related analogue JZ07 was a potent TR antagonist that is 13-fold selective for TRbeta over TRalpha. JZ01 localizes in the nuclei of TRbeta expressing cells and may serve as a prototype for other TR-targeting conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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23
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Garg N, Li YL, Garcia Collazo AM, Litten C, Ryono DE, Zhang M, Caringal Y, Brigance RP, Meng W, Washburn WN, Agback P, Mellström K, Rehnmark S, Rahimi-Ghadim M, Norin T, Grynfarb M, Sandberg J, Grover G, Malm J. Thyroid receptor ligands. Part 8: Thyromimetics derived from N-acylated-α-amino acid derivatives displaying modulated pharmacological selectivity compared with KB-141. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4131-4. [PMID: 17543524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on the scaffold of the pharmacologically selective thyromimetic 2b, structurally a close analog to KB-141 (2a), a number of novel N-acylated-alpha-amino acid derivatives were synthesized and tested in a TR radioligand binding assay as well as in a reporter cell assay. On the basis of TRbeta(1)-isoform selectivity and affinity, as well as affinity to the reporter cell assay, 3d was selected for further studies in the cholesterol-fed rat model. In this model 3d revealed an improved therapeutic window between cholesterol and TSH lowering but decreased margins versus tachycardia compared with 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Garg
- Karo Bio AB, Novum, Huddinge S-141 57, Sweden
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24
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Valadares NF, Castilho MS, Polikarpov I, Garratt RC. 2D QSAR studies on thyroid hormone receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4609-17. [PMID: 17467994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
2D QSAR studies were carried out for a series of 55 ligands for the Thyroid receptors, TRalpha and TRbeta. Significant cross-validated correlation coefficients (q(2)=0.781 (TRalpha) and 0.693 (TRbeta)) were obtained. The models' predictive abilities were proved more valuable than the classical 2D-QSAR, and were further investigated by means of an external test set of 13 compounds. The predicted values are in good agreement with experimental values, suggesting that the models could be useful in the design of novel, more potent TR ligands. Contribution map analysis identified a number of positions that are promising for the development of receptor isoform specific ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napoleão F Valadares
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil.
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25
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Komatsu T, Hirano T, Songkram C, Kawachi E, Kagechika H. Novel thyroid hormone receptor antagonists with an N-alkylated diphenylamine skeleton. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3115-26. [PMID: 17363258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play important roles in growth, development and homeostasis, and disruption of their functions induces serious disease, so novel synthetic thyroid hormone analogues are candidates for clinical application. We designed and synthesized novel diphenylamine derivatives with a thiazolidinedione moiety as the terminal polar group as thyroid hormone receptor (TR) antagonists. Compounds bearing an appropriately sized N-alkyl group showed antagonistic activities towards both the hTRalpha1 and hTRbeta1 subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Komatsu
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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26
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Malm J, Gordon S, Brandt P, Carlsson B, Agback P, Bäckbro Saeidi A, Sandberg J. Thyroid receptor ligands. Part 7: Indirect antagonists of the thyroid hormone receptor with improved affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2018-21. [PMID: 17254783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on the concept of 'indirect antagonism' of nuclear receptors, a series of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) antagonists were prepared with improved affinity compared with what was previously described. The results of a binding assay for the human TR and reporter cell assay revealed, within this series, that an m-bromobenzoyl substituent (11f) was optimal in terms of affinity and antagonist activity. Compared with already reported TR antagonists, their affinities are within the same range, thus potentially representing useful approach to novel and high-affinity TR-antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Malm
- Karo Bio AB, Novum, Huddinge S-141 57, Sweden.
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