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Todorov P, Georgieva S, Trapella C, Chakarov K, Tchekalarova J, Pechlivanova D, Cheshmedzhieva D, Fantinati A, Illuminati D. Synthesis, characterization, and biological study of new synthetic opioid hemorphin-4 peptides containing sterically restricted nonnatural amino acids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400052. [PMID: 38578075 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Some new hemorphin-4 analogs with structures of Xxx-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2 and Tyr-Yyy-Trp-Thr-NH2, where Xxx is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoic acid or 2-amino-3-(4-dibenzylamino-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoic acid, and Yyy is (2S,4S)-4-amino-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, were synthesized and characterized by electrochemical and spectral analyses. In vivo anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities of peptide derivatives were studied after intracerebroventricular injection in mice. The therapeutic effects of the modified peptides on seizures and pain in mice were evaluated to provide valuable insights into the potential applications of the novel compounds. Electrochemical characterization showed that the compounds behave as weak protolytes and that they are in a soluble, stable molecular form at physiological pH values. The antioxidant activity of the peptides was evaluated with voltammetric analyses, which were confirmed by applying the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The compounds showed satisfactory results regarding their structural stability, reaching the desired centers for the manifestation of biological activity without hydrolysis processes at 37°C and physiological pH. Dm-H4 and H4-P1 exhibited 100% and 83% potency to suppress the psychomotor seizures in the 6-Hz test compared to 67% activity of H4. Notably, only the H4-P1 had efficacy in blocking the tonic component in the maximal electroshock test with a potency comparable to H4. All investigated peptides containing unnatural conformationally restricted amino acids showed antinociceptive effects. The analogs Db-H4 and H4-P1 showed the most pronounced and long-lasting effect in both experimental models of pain induced by thermal and chemical stimuli. Dm-H4 produced a dose-dependent thermal antinociception and H4-P2 inhibited only formalin-induced pain behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kalin Chakarov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Pechlivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" 1, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Cheshmedzhieva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Illuminati
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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2
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Illuminati D, Fantinati A, De Ventura T, Perrone D, Sturaro C, Albanese V, Marzola E, Cristofori V, Oble J, Poli G, Trapella C. Synthesis of 2,6-Dimethyltyrosine-Like Amino Acids through Pinacolinamide-Enabled C-H Dimethylation of 4-Dibenzylamino Phenylalanine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2580-2589. [PMID: 35138099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a small library of NH-Boc- or NH-Fmoc-protected l-phenylalanines carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6 and diverse functionalities at position 4 has been achieved. The approach, which took advantage of a Pd-catalyzed directed C-H dimethylation of picolinamide derivatives, allowed the electronic and steric properties of the resulting amino acid derivatives to be altered by appending a variety of electron-withdrawing, electron-donating, or bulky groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Illuminati
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziano De Ventura
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Sturaro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Virginia Cristofori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Julie Oble
- Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Poli
- Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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3
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Huang B, Wang H, Zheng Y, Li M, Kang G, Barreto-de-Souza V, Nassehi N, Knapp PE, Selley DE, Hauser KF, Zhang Y. Structure-Based Design and Development of Chemical Probes Targeting Putative MOR-CCR5 Heterodimers to Inhibit Opioid Exacerbated HIV-1 Infectivity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7702-7723. [PMID: 34027668 PMCID: PMC10548452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structures of ligand-bound G-protein-coupled receptors provide tangible templates for rationally designing molecular probes. Herein, we report the structure-based design, chemical synthesis, and biological investigations of bivalent ligands targeting putative mu opioid receptor C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (MOR-CCR5) heterodimers. The bivalent ligand VZMC013 possessed nanomolar level binding affinities for both the MOR and CCR5, inhibited CCL5-stimulated calcium mobilization, and remarkably improved anti-HIV-1BaL activity over previously reported bivalent ligands. VZMC013 inhibited viral infection in TZM-bl cells coexpressing CCR5 and MOR to a greater degree than cells expressing CCR5 alone. Furthermore, VZMC013 blocked human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 entry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cells in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited opioid-accelerated HIV-1 entry more effectively in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMC cells than in the absence of opioids. A three-dimensional molecular model of VZMC013 binding to the MOR-CCR5 heterodimer complex is constructed to elucidate its mechanism of action. VZMC013 is a potent chemical probe targeting MOR-CCR5 heterodimers and may serve as a pharmacological agent to inhibit opioid-exacerbated HIV-1 entry.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry
- Anti-HIV Agents/metabolism
- Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Dimerization
- Drug Design
- HIV-1/drug effects
- HIV-1/physiology
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Ligands
- Maraviroc/chemistry
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Naltrexone/chemistry
- Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, CCR5/chemistry
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Virus Internalization/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Mengchu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Guifeng Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Victor Barreto-de-Souza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Nima Nassehi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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4
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Multitarget Anticancer Agents Based on Histone Deacetylase and Protein Kinase CK2 inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071497. [PMID: 32218358 PMCID: PMC7180456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of multitarget drugs (MTDs) has become an innovative approach for the search of effective treatments in complex diseases such as cancer. In this work, we communicate our efforts in the design of multi-targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) and protein kinase CK2 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer. Using tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) and 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzimidazole (DMAT) as scaffolds for CK2 inhibition, and a hydroxamate to coordinate the zinc atom present in the active site of HDAC (zinc binding group, ZBG), new multitarget inhibitors have been designed and synthesized. According to the in vitro assays, N-Hydroxy-6-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexanamide (11b) is the most interesting compound, with IC50 values of 0.66; 1.46 and 3.67 µM. for HDAC6; HDAC1 and CK2; respectively. Cellular assays on different cancer cell lines rendered promising results for N-Hydroxy-8-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)octanamide (11d). This inhibitor presented the highest cytotoxic activity, proapoptotic capability, and the best mitochondria-targeting and multidrug-circumventing properties, thus being the most promising drug candidate for further in vivo studies.
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5
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Viveros-Ceballos JL, Ordóñez M, Sayago FJ, Jiménez AI, Cativiela C. First Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-phosphonic Acid (TicP) Using a Pictet-Spengler Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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6
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Purwin M, Hernández-Toribio J, Coderch C, Panchuk R, Skorokhyd N, Filipiak K, de Pascual-Teresa B, Ramos A. Design and synthesis of novel dual-target agents for HDAC1 and CK2 inhibition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug entities able to address multiple targets can be more effective than those directed to just one biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Purwin
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad CEU San Pablo
- Urbanización Monteprincipe
- Madrid
| | - J. Hernández-Toribio
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad CEU San Pablo
- Urbanización Monteprincipe
- Madrid
| | - C. Coderch
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad CEU San Pablo
- Urbanización Monteprincipe
- Madrid
| | - R. Panchuk
- Institute of Cell Biology
- NAS of Ukraine
- 79005 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - N. Skorokhyd
- Institute of Cell Biology
- NAS of Ukraine
- 79005 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - K. Filipiak
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad CEU San Pablo
- Urbanización Monteprincipe
- Madrid
| | - B. de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad CEU San Pablo
- Urbanización Monteprincipe
- Madrid
| | - A. Ramos
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad CEU San Pablo
- Urbanización Monteprincipe
- Madrid
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7
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Multitarget opioid ligands in pain relief: New players in an old game. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:211-228. [PMID: 26656913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Still nowadays pain is one of the most common disabling conditions and yet it remains too often unsolved. Analgesic opioid drugs, and mainly MOR agonists such as morphine, are broadly employed for pain management. MOR activation, however, has been seen to cause not only analgesia but also undesired side effects. A potential pain treatment option is represented by the simultaneous targeting of different opioid receptors. In fact, ligands possessing multitarget capabilities led to an improved pharmacological fingerprint. This review focuses on the examination of multitarget opioid ligands which have been distinguished in peptide and non-peptide and further listed as bivalent and bifunctional ligands. Moreover, the potential of these compounds, both as analgesic drugs and pharmacological tools to explore heteromer receptors, has been stressed.
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8
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Varamini P, Hussein WM, Mansfeld FM, Toth I. Synthesis, biological activity and structure–activity relationship of endomorphin-1/substance P derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6335-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Guerrant W, Patil V, Canzoneri JC, Oyelere AK. Dual targeting of histone deacetylase and topoisomerase II with novel bifunctional inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1465-77. [PMID: 22260166 DOI: 10.1021/jm200799p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to ameliorate the flaws of current chemotherapeutic agents, while maintaining potent anticancer activity, are of particular interest. Agents which can modulate multiple targets may have superior utility and fewer side effects than current single-target drugs. To explore the prospect in cancer therapy of a bivalent agent that combines two complementary chemo-active groups within a single molecular architecture, we have synthesized dual-acting histone deacetylase and topoisomerase II inhibitors. These dual-acting agents are derived from suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and anthracycline daunorubicin, prototypical histone deacetylase (HDAC) and topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitors, respectively. We report herein that these agents present the signatures of inhibition of HDAC and Topo II in both cell-free and whole-cell assays. Moreover, these agents potently inhibit the proliferation of representative cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Guerrant
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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10
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Abstract
Twin and triplet drugs are defined as compounds that contain respectively two and three pharmacophore components exerting pharmacological effects in a molecule. The twin drug bearing the same pharmacophores is a "symmetrical twin drug", whereas that possessing different pharmacophores is a "nonsymmetrical twin drug." In general, the symmetrical twin drug is expected to produce more potent and/or selective pharmacological effects, whereas the nonsymmetrical twin drug is anticipated to show both pharmacological activities stemming from the individual pharmacophores (dual action). On the other hand, nonsymmetrical triplet drugs, which have two of the same pharmacophores and one different moiety, are expected to elicit both increased pharmacological action and dual action. The two identical portions could bind the same receptor sites simultaneously while the third portion could bind a different receptor site or enzyme. This review will mainly focus on the twin and triplet drugs with an evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological effects, and will also include a description of their pharmacology and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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11
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Zhang B, Zhang T, Sromek AW, Scrimale T, Bidlack JM, Neumeyer JL. Synthesis and binding affinity of novel mono- and bivalent morphinan ligands for κ, μ, and δ opioid receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2808-16. [PMID: 21482470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of homo- and heterodimeric ligands containing κ/μ agonist and μ agonist/antagonist pharmacophores joined by a 10-carbon ester linker chain were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro binding affinity at κ, μ, and δ opioid receptors, and their functional activities were determined at κ and μ receptors in [(35)S]GTPγS functional assays. Most of these compounds had high binding affinity at μ and κ receptors (K(i) values less than 1nM). Compound 15b, which contains butorphan (1) at one end of linking chain and butorphanol (5) at the other end, was the most potent ligand in this series with binding affinity K(i) values of 0.089nM at the μ receptor and 0.073nM at the κ receptor. All of the morphinan-derived ligands were found to be partial κ and μ agonists; ATPM-derived ligands 12 and 11 were found to be full κ agonists and partial μ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106, USA
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12
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Balboni G, Salvadori S, Marczak ED, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Lazarus LH, Peng X, Si YG, Neumeyer JL. Opioid bifunctional ligands from morphine and the opioid pharmacophore Dmt-Tic. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 46:799-803. [PMID: 21216504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional ligands containing an ester linkage between morphine and the δ-selective pharmacophore Dmt-Tic were synthesized, and their binding affinity and functional bioactivity at the μ, δ and κ opioid receptors determined. Bifunctional ligands containing or not a spacer of β-alanine between the two pharmacophores lose the μ agonism deriving from morphine becoming partial μ agonists 4 or μ antagonists 5. Partial κ agonism is evidenced only for compound 4. Finally, both compounds showed potent δ antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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13
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Zhang Y, Gilliam A, Maitra R, Damaj MI, Tajuba JM, Seltzman HH, Thomas BF. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bivalent ligands for the cannabinoid 1 receptor. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7048-60. [PMID: 20845959 DOI: 10.1021/jm1006676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization or oligomerization of many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, is now widely accepted and may have significant implications for medications development targeting these receptor complexes. A library of bivalent ligands composed of two identical CB1 antagonist pharmacophores derived from SR141716 linked by spacers of various lengths were developed. The affinities of these bivalent ligands at CB1 and CB2 receptors were determined using radiolabeled binding assays. Their functional activities were measured using GTP-γ-S accumulation and intracellular calcium mobilization assays. The results suggest that the nature of the linker and its length are crucial factors for optimum interactions of these ligands at CB1 receptor binding sites. Finally, selected bivalent ligands (5d and 7b) were able to attenuate the antinociceptive effects of the cannabinoid agonist CP55,940 (21) in a rodent tail-flick assay. These novel compounds may serve as probes that will enable further characterization of CB1 receptor dimerization and oligomerization and its functional significance and may prove useful in the development of new therapeutic approaches to G-protein-coupled receptor mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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14
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Davis MP. Opioid receptor targeting ligands for pain management: a review and update. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:1007-22. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.511473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Ballet S, Marczak ED, Feytens D, Salvadori S, Sasaki Y, Abell AD, Lazarus LH, Balboni G, Tourwé D. Novel multiple opioid ligands based on 4-aminobenzazepinone (Aba), azepinoindole (Aia) and tetrahydroisoquinoline (Tic) scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1610-3. [PMID: 20137938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The dimerization and trimerization of the Dmt-Tic, Dmt-Aia and Dmt-Aba pharmacophores provided multiple ligands which were evaluated in vitro for opioid receptor binding and functional activity. Whereas the Tic- and Aba multimers proved to be dual and balanced delta/mu antagonists, as determined by the functional [S(35)]GTPgammaS binding assay, the dimerization of potent Aia-based 'parent' ligands unexpectedly resulted in substantial less efficient receptor binding and non-active dimeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ballet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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van Rijn RM, Whistler JL, Waldhoer M. Opioid-receptor-heteromer-specific trafficking and pharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2009; 10:73-9. [PMID: 19846340 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Homomerization and heteromerization of 7 transmembrane spanning (7TM)/G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been an important field of study. Whereas initial studies were performed in artificial cell systems, recent publications are shifting the focus to the in vivo relevance of heteromerization. This is especially apparent for the field of opioid receptors. Drugs have been identified that selectively target opioid heteromers of the delta-opioid receptor with the kappa and the mu-opioid receptors that influence nociception and ethanol consumption, respectively. In addition, in several cases, the specific physiological response produced by the heteromer may be directly attributed to a difference in receptor trafficking properties of the heteromers compared with their homomeric counterparts. This review attempts to highlight some of the latest developments with regard to opioid receptor heteromer trafficking and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M van Rijn
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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17
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Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based Spirocyclic Lactam as a Type II′ β-Turn Inducing Peptide Mimetic. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8098-105. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901480d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Dietis N, Guerrini R, Calo G, Salvadori S, Rowbotham D, Lambert D. Simultaneous targeting of multiple opioid receptors: a strategy to improve side-effect profile. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:38-49. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Schiller PW. Bi- or multifunctional opioid peptide drugs. Life Sci 2009; 86:598-603. [PMID: 19285088 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for the design of bi- or multifunctional drugs are reviewed. A distinction is made between bifunctional drugs interacting in a monovalent fashion with two targets and ligands containing two distinct pharmacophores binding in a bivalent mode to the two binding sites in a receptor heterodimer. Arguments are presented to indicate that some of the so-called "bivalent" ligands reported in the literature are unlikely to simultaneously interact with two binding sites. Aspects related to the development of bi- or multifunctional drugs are illustrated with examples from the field of opioid analgesics. The drug-like properties of the tetrapeptide Dmt(1)[DALDA] with triple action as a micro opioid agonist, norepinephrine uptake inhibitor and releaser of endogenous opioid peptides to produce potent spinal analgesia are reviewed. Rationales for the development of opioid peptides with mixed agonist/antagonist profiles as analgesics with reduced side effects are presented. Progress in the development of mixed micro opioid agonist/delta opioid antagonists with low propensity to produce tolerance and physical dependence is reviewed. Efforts to develop bifunctional peptides containing a micro opioid agonist and a cholecystokinin antagonist or an NK1 receptor antagonist as analgesics expected to produce less tolerance and dependence are also reviewed. A strategy to improve the drug-like properties of bifunctional opioid peptide analgesics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7.
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Abstract
This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2006 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurological disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Salvadori S, Trapella C, Fiorini S, Negri L, Lattanzi R, Bryant SD, Jinsmaa Y, Lazarus LH, Balboni G. A new opioid designed multiple ligand derived from the micro opioid agonist endomorphin-2 and the delta opioid antagonist pharmacophore Dmt-Tic. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6876-81. [PMID: 17851080 PMCID: PMC2084217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid compounds with mixed micro agonist/delta antagonist properties could be used as analgesics with low propensity to induce tolerance and dependence. Here we report the synthesis of a new designed multiple ligand deriving from the micro selective agonist endomorphin-2 and the delta selective antagonist pharmacophore Dmt-Tic. As predicted, the resulting bivalent ligand showed a micro agonist/delta antagonist profile deriving from the corresponding activities of each pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stella Fiorini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Negri
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yunden Jinsmaa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09126 Cagliari, Italy
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-532-291-275; fax: +39-532-291-296; e-mail address: ;
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Lesma G, Meschini E, Recca T, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. Synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based pseudopeptides and their characterization as suitable reverse turn mimetics. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Peng X, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Neumeyer JL. Pharmacological properties of bivalent ligands containing butorphan linked to nalbuphine, naltrexone, and naloxone at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2254-8. [PMID: 17407276 PMCID: PMC3357624 DOI: 10.1021/jm061327z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our investigation of bivalent ligands at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors is focused on the preparation of ligands containing kappa agonist and mu agonist/antagonist pharmacophores at one end joined by a chain containing the mu antagonist pharmacophores (naltrexone, naloxone, or nalbuphine) at the other end. These ligands were evaluated in vitro by their binding affinity at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors and their relative efficacy in the [35S]GTPgammaS assay.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/pharmacology
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology
- Humans
- Ligands
- Morphinans/chemical synthesis
- Morphinans/chemistry
- Morphinans/pharmacology
- Nalbuphine/analogs & derivatives
- Nalbuphine/chemical synthesis
- Nalbuphine/pharmacology
- Naloxone/analogs & derivatives
- Naloxone/chemical synthesis
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/chemical synthesis
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John L. Neumeyer
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 617-855-3388. Fax: 617-855-2519.
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Further studies on the effect of lysine at the C-terminus of the Dmt-Tic opioid pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3143-51. [PMID: 17339114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of activities are induced by Lys when introduced at C-terminus of the delta-opioid Dmt-Tic pharmacophore through the alpha-amine group, including: improved delta-antagonism, mu-agonism and mu-antagonism. Here we report the synthesis of a new series of compounds with the general formula H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(CH(2))(4)-CH(R)-R' (R=-NH(2), -NH-Ac, -NH-Z; R'=CO-NH-Ph, -CO-NH-CH(2)-Ph, -Bid) in which Lys is linked to Dmt-Tic through its side-chain amine group. All new compounds (1-9) displayed potent and selective delta-antagonism (MVD, pA(2)=7.81-8.27), which was independent of the functionalized alpha-amine and carboxylic groups of C-terminal Lys. This behaviour suggests a direct application as a prototype intermediate, such as Boc-Dmt-Tic-epsilon-Lys(Z)-OMe, which could be successfully applied in the synthesis (after Z or methyl ester removal) of unique designed multiple ligands containing the pharmacophore of the quintessential delta-antagonist Dmt-Tic and another opioid or biologically active non-opioid ligand.
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