1
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Chiodi D, Ishihara Y. The role of the methoxy group in approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116364. [PMID: 38781921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent is prevalent in natural products and, consequently, is present in many natural product-derived drugs. It has also been installed in modern drug molecules with no remnant of natural product features because medicinal chemists have been taking advantage of the benefits that this small functional group can bestow on ligand-target binding, physicochemical properties, and ADME parameters. Herein, over 230 methoxy-containing small-molecule drugs, as well as several fluoromethoxy-containing drugs, are presented from the vantage point of the methoxy group. Biochemical mechanisms of action, medicinal chemistry SAR studies, and numerous X-ray cocrystal structures are analyzed to identify the precise role of the methoxy group for many of the drugs and drug classes. Although the methoxy substituent can be considered as the hybridization of a hydroxy and a methyl group, the combination of these functionalities often results in unique effects that can amount to more than the sum of the individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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2
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Hanessian S. My 50-Plus Years of Academic Research Collaborations with Industry. A Retrospective. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9147-9186. [PMID: 38865159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A retrospective is presented highlighting the synthesis of selected "first-in-kind" natural products, their synthetic analogues, structure elucidations, and rationally designed bioactive synthetic compounds that were accomplished because of collaborations with past and present pharmaceutical and agrochemical companies. Medicinal chemistry projects involving structure-based design exploiting cocrystal structures of small molecules with biologically relevant enzymes, receptors, and bacterial ribosomes with synthetic small molecules leading to marketed products, clinical candidates, and novel drug prototypes were realized in collaboration. Personal reflections, historical insights, behind the scenes stories from various long-term projects are shared in this retrospective article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 91266, United States
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3
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Khalili-Tanha G, Khalili-Tanha N, Nazari SE, Chaeichi-Tehrani N, Khazaei M, Aliakbarian M, Hassanian SM, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Avan A. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Angiotensin Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Ameliorating Post-Surgical Adhesions. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:180-186. [PMID: 34176457 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210625153011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-surgical adhesion is a common complication after abdominal or pelvic surgeries. Despite improvements in surgical techniques or the application of physical barriers, little improvements have been achieved. It causes bowel obstruction, pelvic pain, and infertility in women and has an adverse effect on the quality of life. Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is traditionally considered as a blood pressure regulator. However, recent studies also indicate that the RAS plays a vital role in other processes, including oxidative stress, fibrosis, proliferation, inflammation, and the wound healing process. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main upstream effector of the RAS that can bind to the AT1 receptor (ATIR). A growing body of evidence has revealed that targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor Blockers (ARBs), and Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs) can prevent post-surgical adhesions. Here we provide an overview of the therapeutic effect of RAS antagonists for adhesion. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were reviewed to identify potential agents targeting the RAS system as a potential approach for post-surgical adhesion. RESULTS Available evidence suggests the involvement of the RAS signaling pathway in inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis pathways as well as in post-surgical adhesions. Several FDA-approved drugs are being used for targeting the RAS system. Some of them are being tested in different models to reduce fibrosis and improve adhesion after surgery, including Telmisartan, valsartan, and enalapril. CONCLUSION Identification of the pathological causes of post-surgical adhesion and the potential role of targeting Renin-Angiotensin System may help prevent this problem. Based on the pathological function of RAS signaling after surgeries, the administration of ARBs may be considered as a novel and efficient approach to prevent postsurgical adhesions. Pre-clinical and clinical studies should be carried out to have better information on the clinical significance of this therapy against post-surgical adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Khalili-Tanha
- Veterinary Medicine Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Ma S, Henderson JA, Shen J. Exploring the pH-Dependent Structure-Dynamics-Function Relationship of Human Renin. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 61:400-407. [PMID: 33356221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Renin is a pepsin-like aspartyl protease and an important drug target for the treatment of hypertension; despite three decades' research, its pH-dependent structure-function relationship remains poorly understood. Here, we employed continuous constant pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) simulations to decipher the acid/base roles of renin's catalytic dyad and the conformational dynamics of the flap, which is a common structural feature among aspartyl proteases. The calculated pKa's suggest that catalytic Asp38 and Asp226 serve as the general base and acid, respectively, in agreement with experiment and supporting the hypothesis that renin's neutral optimum pH is due to the substrate-induced pKa shifts of the aspartic dyad. The CpHMD data confirmed our previous hypothesis that hydrogen bond formation is the major determinant of the dyad pKa order. Additionally, our simulations showed that renin's flap remains open regardless of pH, although a Tyr-inhibited state is occasionally formed above pH 5. These findings are discussed in comparison to the related aspartyl proteases, including β-secretases 1 and 2, cathepsin D, and plasmepsin II. Our work represents a first step toward a systematic understanding of the pH-dependent structure-dynamics-function relationships of pepsin-like aspartyl proteases that play important roles in biology and human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Jack A Henderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jana Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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5
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Ramya K, Suresh R, Kumar HY, Kumar BRP, Murthy NBS. Decades-old renin inhibitors are still struggling to find a niche in antihypertensive therapy. A fleeting look at the old and the promising new molecules. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115466. [PMID: 32247750 PMCID: PMC7112834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a diverse illness interlinked with cerebral, cardiovascular (CVS) and renal abnormalities. Presently, the malady is being treated by focusing on Renin- angiotensin system (RAS), voltage-gated calcium channels, peripheral vasodilators, renal and sympathetic nervous systems. Cardiovascular and renal abnormalities are associated with the overactivation of RAS, which can be constrained by angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II (Ang-II) -AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and renin inhibitors. The latter is a new player in the old system. The renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I (Ang-I). This can be overcome by inhibiting renin, a preliminary step, eventually hinders the occurrence of the cascade of events in the RAS. Various peptidomimetics, the first-generation renin inhibitors developed six decades ago have limited drug-like properties as they suffered from poor intestinal absorption, high liver first-pass metabolism and low oral bioavailability. The development of chemically diverse molecules from peptides to nonpeptides expanded the horizon to achieving direct renin inhibition. Aliskiren, a blockbuster drug that emerged as a clinical candidate and got approved by the US FDA in 2007 was developed by molecular modeling studies. Aliskiren indicated superior to average efficacy and with minor adverse effects relative to other RAS inhibitors. However, its therapeutic use is limited by poor oral bioavailability of less than 2% that is similar to first-generation peptidic compounds. In this review, we present the development of direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) from peptidic to nonpeptidics that lead to the birth of aliskiren, its place in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnappa Ramya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Oxbridge College of Pharmacy, Mahadeshwara Nagara, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Chidambaram 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ramalingam Suresh
- Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Chidambaram 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Honnavalli Yogish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), SS Nagara, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), SS Nagara, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - N B Sridhara Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Oxbridge College of Pharmacy, Mahadeshwara Nagara, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
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6
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Wang K, Zhu H, Zhao H, Zhang K, Tian Y. Application of carbamyl in structural optimization. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103757. [PMID: 32217370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbamyl is considered a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. It has a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-epilepsy, for which the best evidence is a number of marketed carbamyl-containing drugs. Carbamyl is formed of primary amine and carbonyl moieties that act as hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen acceptors with residues of targets respectively, which are benefit for improving pharmacological activities. In other cases, the introduced carbamyl improves drug-like properties including oral bioavailability. In this review, we introduce the carbamyl-containing drugs and the application of carbamyl in structural optimization as a result of enhancing activities or/and drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanglei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongxi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hongqian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yongshou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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7
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Sun S, Jia Q, Zhang Z. Applications of amide isosteres in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2535-2550. [PMID: 31377035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isosteric replacement of amide groups is a classic practice in medicinal chemistry. This digest highlights the applications of most commonly employed amide isosteres in drug design aiming at improving potency and selectivity, optimizing physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, eliminating or modifying toxicophores, as well as providing novel intellectual property of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Sun
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada.
| | - Qi Jia
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Zaihui Zhang
- Signalchem Lifesciences Corp., 110-13210, Vanier Place, Richmond, BC V6V 2J2, Canada
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8
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Chen J, Gao S, Gorden JD, Chen M. Stereoselective Syntheses of γ-Boryl Substituted syn-β-Alkoxy- and syn-β-Amino-homoallylic Alcohols via a Regio- and Stereoselective Allene Diboration and Aldehyde Allylboration Reaction Sequence. Org Lett 2019; 21:4638-4641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - John D. Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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9
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Ebihara T, Nishihara M, Takahashi J, Jinno F, Tagawa Y. Differences in nonclinical pharmacokinetics between species and prediction of human pharmacokinetics of TAK-272 (SCO-272), a novel orally active renin inhibitor. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:175-183. [PMID: 29474740 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the search for orally available drugs, the prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) is essential for successfully selecting compounds that will be clinically useful. This report describes the selection of TAK-272 (SCO-272), a novel orally active renin inhibitor, as a clinical candidate via the detailed investigation of nonclinical PK data and human PK prediction. The bioavailability (BA) of TAK-272 after oral administration to rats and monkeys was low, especially in fasted monkeys, and the systemic exposure of TAK-272 was highly variable in monkeys. The results of mass balance studies in animals suggested that the absorbed TAK-272 was largely eliminated by metabolism. In vitro studies revealed that TAK-272 was mainly metabolized by CYP3A4/5 in humans, and it was a P-glycoprotein substrate. PK analysis suggested that the factors responsible for the low BA were different in rats and monkeys. First-pass hepatic extraction was high in rats, while the fraction absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (Fa * Fg ) was low in monkeys. It was predicted that humans would have a higher BA and a longer half-life in the plasma compared with the animals by a simple calculation using intrinsic hepatic clearance in monkeys, which correlates well with human values for CYP3A4 substrates, and Fa * Fg in rats, which correlates relatively well with human values. TAK-272 was finally selected as a clinical candidate based on the result of human PK prediction. The actual human PK after oral administration of TAK-272 was comparable to the predicted profile and was preferable for clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ebihara
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishihara
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Junzo Takahashi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Jinno
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tagawa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
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10
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Ranjbar R, Shafiee M, Hesari A, Ferns GA, Ghasemi F, Avan A. The potential therapeutic use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2277-2295. [PMID: 30191985 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a normal part of the immune response to injury or infection but its dysregulation promotes the development of inflammatory diseases, which cause considerable human suffering. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are the most commonly prescribed agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but they are accompanied by a broad range of side effects, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular events. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is traditionally known for its role in blood pressure regulation. However, there is increasing evidence that RAS signaling is also involved in the inflammatory response associated with several disease states. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by binding to angiotensin type 1 (AT1 ) receptor, and direct renin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are clinically used as antihypertensive agents. Recent data suggest that these drugs also have anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this review summarizes these recent findings for the efficacy of two of the most widely used antihypertensive drug classes, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, to reduce or treat inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, steatohepatitis, colitis, pancreatitis, and nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AmirReza Hesari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Sussex, UK
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Tokuhara H, Imaeda Y, Fukase Y, Iwanaga K, Taya N, Watanabe K, Kanagawa R, Matsuda K, Kajimoto Y, Kusumoto K, Kondo M, Snell G, Behnke CA, Kuroita T. Discovery of benzimidazole derivatives as orally active renin inhibitors: Optimization of 3,5-disubstituted piperidine to improve pharmacokinetic profile. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3261-3286. [PMID: 29754833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified 2-tert-butyl-4-[(3-methoxypropyl)amino]-N-(2-methylpropyl)-N-[(3S,5R)-5-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)piperidin-3-yl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 3 as a potent renin inhibitor. Since 3 showed unacceptably low bioavailability (BA) in rats, structural modification, using SBDD and focused on physicochemical properties was conducted to improve its PK profile while maintaining renin inhibitory activity. Conversion of the amino group attached at the 4-position of pyrimidine to methylene group improved PK profile and decreased renin inhibitory activity. New central cores with carbon side chains were explored to improve potency. We had designed a series of 5-membered azoles and fused heterocycles that interacted with the lipophilic S3 pocket. In the course of modification, renin inhibitory activity was enhanced by the formation of an additional hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl group of Thr77. Consequently, a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives were discovered as potent and orally bioavailable renin inhibitors. Among those, compound 13 exhibited more than five-fold of plasma renin inhibition than aliskiren in cynomolgus monkeys at dose ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Tokuhara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Imaeda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwanaga
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ray Kanagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; PRA Health Sciences KK, 3-8, Doshomachi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; SCOHIA PHARMA Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kajimoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; SPERA PHARMA,1nc., 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0024, Japan
| | - Keiji Kusumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kondo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, Inc, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Craig A Behnke
- Takeda California, Inc, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; 10996 Torreyana Rd. Suite 280, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Takanobu Kuroita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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12
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Talele TT. Natural-Products-Inspired Use of the gem-Dimethyl Group in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2017; 61:2166-2210. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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13
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Imaeda Y, Tawada M, Suzuki S, Tomimoto M, Kondo M, Tarui N, Sanada T, Kanagawa R, Snell G, Behnke CA, Kubo K, Kuroita T. Structure-based design of a new series of N-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamides as renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5771-5780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Imaeda Y, Tokuhara H, Fukase Y, Kanagawa R, Kajimoto Y, Kusumoto K, Kondo M, Snell G, Behnke CA, Kuroita T. Discovery of TAK-272: A Novel, Potent, and Orally Active Renin Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:933-938. [PMID: 27774132 PMCID: PMC5066151 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aspartic proteinase renin is an attractive target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular/renal disease such as chronic kidney disease and heart failure. We introduced an S1' site binder into the lead compound 1 guided by structure-based drug design (SBDD), and further optimization of physicochemical properties led to the discovery of benzimidazole derivative 10 (1-(4-methoxybutyl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-N-[(3S,5R)-5-(morpholin-4-yl)carbonylpiperidin-3-yl]-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride, TAK-272) as a highly potent and orally active renin inhibitor. Compound 10 demonstrated good oral bioavailability (BA) and long-lasting efficacy in rats. Compound 10 is currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imaeda
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tokuhara
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ray Kanagawa
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kajimoto
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Kusumoto
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kondo
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Craig A. Behnke
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Takanobu Kuroita
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1,
Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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15
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Tawada M, Suzuki S, Imaeda Y, Oki H, Snell G, Behnke CA, Kondo M, Tarui N, Tanaka T, Kuroita T, Tomimoto M. Novel approach of fragment-based lead discovery applied to renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6066-6074. [PMID: 27720325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach was conducted for fragment-based lead discovery and applied to renin inhibitors. The biochemical screening of a fragment library against renin provided the hit fragment which showed a characteristic interaction pattern with the target protein. The hit fragment bound only to the S1, S3, and S3SP (S3 subpocket) sites without any interactions with the catalytic aspartate residues (Asp32 and Asp215 (pepsin numbering)). Prior to making chemical modifications to the hit fragment, we first identified its essential binding sites by utilizing the hit fragment's substructures. Second, we created a new and smaller scaffold, which better occupied the identified essential S3 and S3SP sites, by utilizing library synthesis with high-throughput chemistry. We then revisited the S1 site and efficiently explored a good building block attaching to the scaffold with library synthesis. In the library syntheses, the binding modes of each pivotal compound were determined and confirmed by X-ray crystallography and the library was strategically designed by structure-based computational approach not only to obtain a more active compound but also to obtain informative Structure Activity Relationship (SAR). As a result, we obtained a lead compound offering synthetic accessibility as well as the improved in vitro ADMET profiles. The fragments and compounds possessing a characteristic interaction pattern provided new structural insights into renin's active site and the potential to create a new generation of renin inhibitors. In addition, we demonstrated our FBDD strategy integrating highly sensitive biochemical assay, X-ray crystallography, and high-throughput synthesis and in silico library design aimed at fragment morphing at the initial stage was effective to elucidate a pocket profile and a promising lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Tawada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Shinkichi Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Imaeda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Oki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410, Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Craig A Behnke
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410, Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Mitsuyo Kondo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Tarui
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kuroita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Tomimoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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16
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Cini E, Banfi L, Barreca G, Carcone L, Malpezzi L, Manetti F, Marras G, Rasparini M, Riva R, Roseblade S, Russo A, Taddei M, Vitale R, Zanotti-Gerosa A. Convergent Synthesis of the Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren Based on C5–C6 Disconnection and CO2H–NH2 Equivalence. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cini
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Banfi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Carcone
- Chemessentia SRL, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luciana Malpezzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Renata Riva
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Stephen Roseblade
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Adele Russo
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Romina Vitale
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Zanotti-Gerosa
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
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17
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Gambini L, Rizzi L, Pedretti A, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Carucci M, Pancotti A, Galli C, Read M, Giurisato E, Romeo S, Russo I. Picomolar Inhibition of Plasmepsin V, an Essential Malaria Protease, Achieved Exploiting the Prime Region. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142509. [PMID: 26566224 PMCID: PMC4643876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It results in an annual death-toll of ~ 600,000. Resistance to all medications currently in use exists, and novel antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. Plasmepsin V (PmV) is an essential Plasmodium protease and a highly promising antimalarial target, which still lacks molecular characterization and drug-like inhibitors. PmV, cleaving the PExEl motif, is the key enzyme for PExEl-secretion, an indispensable parasitic process for virulence and infection. Here, we describe the accessibility of PmV catalytic pockets to inhibitors and propose a novel strategy for PmV inhibition. We also provide molecular and structural data suitable for future drug development. Using high-throughput platforms, we identified a novel scaffold that interferes with PmV in-vitro at picomolar ranges (~ 1,000-fold more active than available compounds). Via systematic replacement of P and P' regions, we assayed the physico-chemical requirements for PmV inhibition, achieving an unprecedented IC50 of ~20 pM. The hydroxyethylamine moiety, the hydrogen acceptor group in P2', the lipophilic groups upstream to P3, the arginine and other possible substitutions in position P3 proved to be critically important elements in achieving potent inhibition. In-silico analyses provided essential QSAR information and model validation. Our inhibitors act ‘on-target’, confirmed by cellular interference of PmV function and biochemical interaction with inhibitors. Our inhibitors are poorly performing against parasite growth, possibly due to poor stability of their peptidic component and trans-membrane permeability. The lowest IC50 for parasite growth inhibition was ~ 15μM. Analysis of inhibitor internalization revealed important pharmacokinetic features for PExEl-based molecules. Our work disclosed novel pursuable drug design strategies for highly efficient PmV inhibition highlighting novel molecular elements necessary for picomolar activity against PmV. All the presented data are discussed in respect to human aspartic proteases and previously reported inhibitors, highlighting differences and proposing new strategies for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gambini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Carucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pancotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Corinna Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Read
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Romeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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18
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Sun X, Wen X, Chen YY, Shi C, Gao C, Wu Y, Wang LJ, Yang XH, Sun H. Discovery of highly potent renin inhibitors potentially interacting with the S3' subsite of renin. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:269-88. [PMID: 26363506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the S3' subsite of renin active site for renin inhibitor design, 42 aliskiren derivatives with modified P2' portion were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Some highly potent renin inhibitors (IC₅₀ < 3 nM) were identified, among which compounds 38 (IC₅₀ = 0.9 nM) and 39 (IC₅₀ = 0.7 nM) were over 2.5-fold more potent than aliskiren (IC₅₀ = 2.3 nM). SAR analysis indicated that incorporation of polar hydrophilic moieties into the P2' portion of renin inhibitors generally enhanced the potency. Consistently with this, molecular modeling study revealed that the triazole part of 39 could provide additional interactions to the S3' subsite of renin active site. Moreover, in vivo evaluation in the double transgenic mouse hypertension model demonstrated that 39 produced greater reduction of the mean arterial blood pressure than ariskiren at the doses of 17.0 and 34.0 μmol/kg, respectively. Taken together, the S3' subsite of renin active site merits further consideration for renin inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yan-yan Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, 57 Jianshe South Road, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Chen Shi
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chengzhe Gao
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yong Wu
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li-jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, 57 Jianshe South Road, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Xiu-hong Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, 57 Jianshe South Road, Tangshan 063000, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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19
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trans-(3S,4S)-Disubstituted pyrrolidines as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. Part I: prime site exploration using an amino linker. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1782-1786. [PMID: 25782742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported on the discovery of (3S,4S)-disubstituted pyrrolidines (e.g., 2) as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. In our effort to further expand the scope of this novel class of direct renin inhibitors, a new sub-series was designed in which the prime site substituents are linked to the pyrrolidine core by a (3S)-amino functional group. In particular, analogs bearing the corresponding sulfonamide spacer (50, 51 and 54a) demonstrated a pronounced increase in in vitro potency compared to compound 2.
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20
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Sellner H, Cottens S, Cumin F, Ehrhardt C, Kosaka T, Lorthiois E, Ostermann N, Webb RL, Rigel DF, Wagner T, Maibaum J. trans -3,4-Disubstituted pyrrolidines as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. Part II: Prime site exploration using an oxygen linker. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1787-1791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Rossi S, Benaglia M, Porta R, Cotarca L, Maragni P, Verzini M. A Stereoselective Catalytic Nitroaldol Reaction as the Key Step in a Strategy for the Synthesis of the Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Structural insights into mode of actions of novel substituted 4- and 6-azaindole-3-carboxamides analogs as renin inhibitors: molecular modeling studies. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Renin inhibitor VTP-27999 differs from aliskiren: focus on their intracellular accumulation and the (pro)renin receptor. J Hypertens 2015; 32:1255-63. [PMID: 24637873 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VTP-27999 is a renin inhibitor with an IC50 that is comparable to that of aliskiren, but with a higher bioavailability. Unexpectedly, VTP-27999, unlike aliskiren, did not unfold renin's precursor, prorenin, and increased the affinity of the antibodies applied in renin immunoassays. METHODS Here we verified to what degree these differences affect intracellular renin inhibitor accumulation in renin-synthesizing human mast cells (HMC-1), and (pro)renin's signaling via the (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. We also addressed the consequences of (P)RR knockdown by small-interfering (si) RNA on (pro)renin release. Finally, making use of FRET(Bodipy-FL)-labeled aliskiren, we studied, by subcellular fractionation, the cellular distribution pattern of this renin inhibitor. RESULTS VTP-27999 accumulated at higher levels in HMC-1 cells than aliskiren, allowing this inhibitor to block intracellular renin at approximately five-fold lower medium levels. Labeled aliskiren accumulated in mitochondria and lysosomes, and its distribution pattern was different from that of renin. Moreover, the intracellular accumulation of both inhibitors in nonrenin-synthesizing HEK293 cells was not different from that in HMC-1 cells, suggesting that it is renin synthesis-independent. VTP-27999, but not aliskiren, blocked renin's capacity to stimulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas neither inhibitor interfered with prorenin-induced signaling. (P)RR knockdown greatly increased renin (and to a lesser degree, prorenin) release, without affecting the capacity of forskolin or cAMP to stimulate renin release. CONCLUSION VTP-27999 differs from aliskiren regarding its level of intracellular accumulation and its capacity to interfere with renin signaling via the (P)RR, and the (P)RR determines prorenin-renin conversion and constitutive (but not regulated) (pro)renin release.
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24
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Li LL, Ding JY, Gao LX, Han FS. The development of a complementary pathway for the synthesis of aliskiren. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1133-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an alternative pathway for the synthesis of aliskiren by applying the Evans chiral auxiliary-aided asymmetric allylation and the Julia–Kocienski olefination as the key transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jin-Ying Ding
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Lian-Xun Gao
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Fu-She Han
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
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25
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Hanessian S, Chénard E, Guesné S, Cusson JP. Conception and Evolution of Stereocontrolled Strategies toward Functionalized 8-Aryloctanoic Acids Related to the Total Synthesis of Aliskiren. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9531-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5015195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Etienne Chénard
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Guesné
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Cusson
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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26
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Chorba JS, Shokat KM. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) active site and cleavage sequence differentially regulate protein secretion from proteolysis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29030-43. [PMID: 25210046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.594861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic-based strategies to inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) show promise as anti-hypercholesterolemic and, therefore, anti-atherosclerotic therapies. Despite substantial effort, no small molecule strategy to inhibit PCSK9 has demonstrated feasibility. In this study we interrogated the chemistry of the PCSK9 active site and its adjacent residues to identify a foothold with which to drug the PCSK9 processing pathway and ultimately disrupt the interaction with the LDL receptor. Here, we develop a system in which we amplify the readout of PCSK9 proteolysis with a highly specific substrate in cells, showing that the PCSK9 catalytic domain is capable of proteolysis in trans. We use this system to show that the substrate specificity for PCSK9 proteolysis is distinct from the specificity for PCSK9 secretion, demonstrating that PCSK9 processing occurs in two separate sequential steps: that of proteolysis followed by secretion. We show that specific residues in the protease recognition sequence can differentially modulate the effects on proteolysis and secretion. Additionally, we demonstrate that the clinically described, dominant negative Q152H mutation restricts proteolysis and secretion independently. Our results suggest that the PCSK9 active site and its adjacent residues serve as an allosteric modulator of protein secretion independent of its role in proteolysis, revealing a new strategy for intracellular PCSK9 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Chorba
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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27
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Ehara T, Irie O, Kosaka T, Kanazawa T, Breitenstein W, Grosche P, Ostermann N, Suzuki M, Kawakami S, Konishi K, Hitomi Y, Toyao A, Gunji H, Cumin F, Schiering N, Wagner T, Rigel DF, Webb RL, Maibaum J, Yokokawa F. Structure-based design of substituted piperidines as a new class of highly efficacious oral direct Renin inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:787-92. [PMID: 25050166 DOI: 10.1021/ml500137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A cis-configured 3,5-disubstituted piperidine direct renin inhibitor, (syn,rac)-1, was discovered as a high-throughput screening hit from a target-family tailored library. Optimization of both the prime and the nonprime site residues flanking the central piperidine transition-state surrogate resulted in analogues with improved potency and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, culminating in the identification of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-substituted piperidine 31. This compound showed high in vitro potency toward human renin with excellent off-target selectivity, 60% oral bioavailability in rat, and dose-dependent blood pressure lowering effects in the double-transgenic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Ehara
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Osamu Irie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kosaka
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Werner Breitenstein
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Grosche
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masaki Suzuki
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kawakami
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Konishi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yuko Hitomi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiroki Gunji
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Frederic Cumin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Schiering
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dean F. Rigel
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Corp., Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Randy L. Webb
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Corp., Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Jürgen Maibaum
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fumiaki Yokokawa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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28
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Celi A, Cianchetti S, Dell’Omo G, Pedrinelli R. Angiotensin II, tissue factor and the thrombotic paradox of hypertension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 8:1723-9. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Mori Y, Iwamoto M, Mori K, Yoshida M, Honda T, Nagayama T, Nishi T. An Efficient Synthesis of (3S,5S)-5-[3,3-Dimethyl-1-(o-tolyl)-6-oxo-2H-pyridin-4-yl]piperidine-3-carboxamide as Potent Renin Inhibitor. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Sun X, Gao C, Zhang F, Song Z, Kong L, Wen X, Sun H. Electronic and steric effects on the intramolecular Schmidt reaction of alkyl azides with secondary benzyl alcohols. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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32
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Wang F, Xu XY, Wang FY, Peng L, Zhang Y, Tian F, Wang LX. An Improved and Economical Process for the Manufacture of the Key Intermediate of Aliskiren, a New Potent Renin Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400205k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan
Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan
Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Ying Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan
Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan
Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan
Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key
Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan
Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan
Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
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33
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Michida M, Takayanagi Y, Imai M, Furuya Y, Kimura K, Kitawaki T, Tomori H, Kajino H. Convergent Asymmetric Synthesis of a Renin Inhibitor: A Highly Efficient Construction Method of Three Stereogenic Centers. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400219y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Michida
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takayanagi
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Makoto Imai
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Yukito Furuya
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kimura
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kitawaki
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomori
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Hisaki Kajino
- Process Technology Research
Laboratories (PTRL), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
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34
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Mori Y, Ogawa Y, Mochizuki A, Nakamura Y, Fujimoto T, Sugita C, Miyazaki S, Tamaki K, Nagayama T, Nagai Y, Inoue SI, Chiba K, Nishi T. Synthesis and optimization of novel (3S,5R)-5-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidine-3-carboxamides as orally active renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5907-22. [PMID: 23886807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report synthesis and optimization of a series of (3S,5R)-5-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidine-3-carboxamides as renin inhibitors. Chemical modification of P1', P2' and P3 portions led to a promising 3,5-disubstituted piperidine 32o showing high renin inhibitory activity and favorable oral exposure in both rats and cynomolgus monkeys with acceptable CYP and hERG current inhibition. Compound 32o exhibited a significant blood pressure lowering effect by oral administration in two hypertensive animal models, double transgenic rats and furosemide pretreated cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Mori
- New Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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35
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Nakamura Y, Fujimoto T, Ogawa Y, Namiki H, Suzuki S, Asano M, Sugita C, Mochizuki A, Miyazaki S, Tamaki K, Nagai Y, Inoue SI, Nagayama T, Kato M, Chiba K, Takasuna K, Nishi T. Lead optimization of 5-amino-6-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-hydroxyhexanamides to reduce a cardiac safety issue: discovery of DS-8108b, an orally active renin inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3175-96. [PMID: 23598247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to address an undesired cardiac issue observed with our related compound in the recently disclosed novel series of renin inhibitors, further chemical modifications of this series were performed. Extensive structure-activity relationships studies as well as in vivo cardiac studies using the electrophysiology rat model led to the discovery of clinical candidate trans-adamantan-1-ol analogue 56 (DS-8108b) as a potent renin inhibitor with reduced potential cardiac risk. Oral administration of single doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg of 56 in cynomolgus monkeys pre-treated with furosemide led to significant reduction of mean arterial blood pressure for more than 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakamura
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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36
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Ostermann N, Ruedisser S, Ehrhardt C, Breitenstein W, Marzinzik A, Jacoby E, Vangrevelinghe E, Ottl J, Klumpp M, Hartwieg JCD, Cumin F, Hassiepen U, Trappe J, Sedrani R, Geisse S, Gerhartz B, Richert P, Francotte E, Wagner T, Krömer M, Kosaka T, Webb RL, Rigel DF, Maibaum J, Baeschlin DK. A novel class of oral direct renin inhibitors: highly potent 3,5-disubstituted piperidines bearing a tricyclic p3-p1 pharmacophore. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2196-206. [PMID: 23360239 DOI: 10.1021/jm301706j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A small library of fragments comprising putative recognition motifs for the catalytic dyad of aspartic proteases was generated by in silico similarity searches within the corporate compound deck based on rh-renin active site docking and scoring filters. Subsequent screening by NMR identified the low-affinity hits 3 and 4 as competitive active site binders, which could be shown by X-ray crystallography to bind to the hydrophobic S3-S1 pocket of rh-renin. As part of a parallel multiple hit-finding approach, the 3,5-disubstituted piperidine (rac)-5 was discovered by HTS using a enzymatic assay. X-ray crystallography demonstrated the eutomer (3S,5R)-5 to be a peptidomimetic inhibitor binding to a nonsubstrate topography of the rh-renin prime site. The design of the potent and selective (3S,5R)-12 bearing a P3(sp)-tethered tricyclic P3-P1 pharmacophore derived from 3 is described. (3S,5R)-12 showed oral bioavailability in rats and demonstrated blood pressure lowering activity in the double-transgenic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Pharma AG, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Lorthiois E, Breitenstein W, Cumin F, Ehrhardt C, Francotte E, Jacoby E, Ostermann N, Sellner H, Kosaka T, Webb RL, Rigel DF, Hassiepen U, Richert P, Wagner T, Maibaum J. The discovery of novel potent trans-3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine inhibitors of the human aspartic protease renin from in silico three-dimensional (3D) pharmacophore searches. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2207-17. [PMID: 23425156 DOI: 10.1021/jm3017078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The small-molecule trans-3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine 6 was identified from in silico three-dimensional (3D) pharmacophore searches based on known X-ray structures of renin-inhibitor complexes and demonstrated to be a weakly active inhibitor of the human enzyme. The unexpected binding mode of the more potent enantiomer (3S,4S)-6a in an extended conformation spanning the nonprime and S1' pockets of the recombinant human (rh)-renin active site was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Initial structure-activity relationship work focused on modifications of the hydrophobic diphenylamine portion positioned in S1 and extending toward the S2 pocket. Replacement with an optimized P3-P1 pharmacophore interacting to the nonsubstrate S3(sp) cavity eventually resulted in significantly improved in vitro potency and selectivity. The prototype analogue (3S,4S)-12a of this new class of direct renin inhibitors exerted blood pressure lowering effects in a hypertensive double-transgenic rat model after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Lorthiois
- Novartis Pharma AG, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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38
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Discovery of inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase as cognitive enhancers. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:789671. [PMID: 23304452 PMCID: PMC3529497 DOI: 10.1155/2012/789671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexapeptide angiotensin IV (Ang IV) is a metabolite of angiotensin II (Ang II) and plays a central role in the brain. It was reported more than two decades ago that intracerebroventricular injection of Ang IV improved memory and learning in the rat. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the positive effects of Ang IV and related analogues on cognition. It has been proposed that the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is the main target of Ang IV. This paper discusses progress in the discovery of inhibitors of IRAP as potential enhancers of cognitive functions. Very potent inhibitors of the protease have been synthesised, but pharmacokinetic issues (including problems associated with crossing the blood-brain barrier) remain to be solved. The paper also briefly presents an overview of the status in the discovery of inhibitors of ACE and renin, and of AT1R antagonists and AT2R agonists, in order to enable other discovery processes within the RAS system to be compared. The paper focuses on the relationship between binding affinities/inhibition capacity and the structures of the ligands that interact with the target proteins.
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39
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40
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Mori Y, Ogawa Y, Mochizuki A, Nakamura Y, Sugita C, Miyazaki S, Tamaki K, Matsui Y, Takahashi M, Nagayama T, Nagai Y, Inoue SI, Nishi T. Design and discovery of new (3S,5R)-5-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxopiperazin-1-yl]piperidine-3-carboxamides as potent renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7677-82. [PMID: 23122821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing X-ray crystal structure analysis, (3S,5R)-5-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxopiperazin-1-yl]piperidine-3-carboxamides were designed and identified as renin inhibitors. The most potent compound 15 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Mori
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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41
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Mandal M, Zhu Z, Cumming JN, Liu X, Strickland C, Mazzola RD, Caldwell JP, Leach P, Grzelak M, Hyde L, Zhang Q, Terracina G, Zhang L, Chen X, Kuvelkar R, Kennedy ME, Favreau L, Cox K, Orth P, Buevich A, Voigt J, Wang H, Kazakevich I, McKittrick BA, Greenlee W, Parker EM, Stamford AW. Design and Validation of Bicyclic Iminopyrimidinones As Beta Amyloid Cleaving Enzyme-1 (BACE1) Inhibitors: Conformational Constraint to Favor a Bioactive Conformation. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9331-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jared N. Cumming
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Corey Strickland
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert D. Mazzola
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John P. Caldwell
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Prescott Leach
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Grzelak
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xia Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Reshma Kuvelkar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthew E. Kennedy
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Leonard Favreau
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kathleen Cox
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Peter Orth
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Johannes Voigt
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Irina Kazakevich
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian A. McKittrick
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William Greenlee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric M. Parker
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew W. Stamford
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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42
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Nakamura Y, Fujimoto T, Ogawa Y, Sugita C, Miyazaki S, Tamaki K, Takahashi M, Matsui Y, Nagayama T, Manabe K, Mizuno M, Masubuchi N, Chiba K, Nishi T. Discovery of DS-8108b, a Novel Orally Bioavailable Renin Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:754-8. [PMID: 24900544 DOI: 10.1021/ml300168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel orally bioavailable renin inhibitor, DS-8108b (5), showing potent renin inhibitory activity and excellent in vivo efficacy is described. We report herein the synthesis and pharmacological effects of 5 including renin inhibitory activity in vitro, suppressive effects of ex vivo plasma renin activity (PRA) in cynomolgus monkey, pharmacokinetic data, and blood pressure-lowering effects in an animal model. Compound 5 demonstrated inhibitory activities toward human renin (IC50 = 0.9 nM) and human and monkey PRA (IC50 = 1.9 and 6.3 nM, respectively). Oral administration of single doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg of 5 in cynomolgus monkey on pretreatment with furosemide led to dose-dependent significant reductions in ex vivo PRA and sustained lowering of mean arterial blood pressure for more than 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakamura
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Teppei Fujimoto
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ogawa
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Chie Sugita
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shojiro Miyazaki
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tamaki
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takahashi
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsui
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagayama
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kenichi Manabe
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Noriko Masubuchi
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Chiba
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takahide Nishi
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, ‡Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories II, §Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, ∥Biological Research Laboratories, ⊥Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, and #Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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43
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Nakamura Y, Sugita C, Meguro M, Miyazaki S, Tamaki K, Takahashi M, Nagai Y, Nagayama T, Kato M, Suemune H, Nishi T. Design and optimization of novel (2S,4S,5S)-5-amino-6-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-isopropylhexanamides as renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4561-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Hanessian S, Chénard E. A new approach to the synthesis of peptidomimetic renin inhibitors: palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylation of acyclic alkyl aryl ketones. Org Lett 2012; 14:3222-5. [PMID: 22668074 DOI: 10.1021/ol301332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to the synthesis of Tekturna, a recently marketed drug for hypertension, takes advantage of a modified protocol of the Stoltz palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylation with a t-BuPHOX ligand for the synthesis of allylated acyclic alkyl aryl ketones. The method led to an α-isopropyl α-allyl aryl ketone in 90% yield and 88 to 91% ee, which was used in the synthesis of an advanced intermediate toward Tekturna. A beneficial effect of protic additives, such as BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol), on the time and enantioselectivity of the reaction was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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45
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Jia L, Simpson RD, Yuan J, Xu Z, Zhao W, Cacatian S, Tice CM, Guo J, Ishchenko A, Singh SB, Wu Z, McKeever BM, Bukhtiyarov Y, Johnson JA, Doe CP, Harrison RK, McGeehan GM, Dillard LW, Baldwin JJ, Claremon DA. Discovery of VTP-27999, an Alkyl Amine Renin Inhibitor with Potential for Clinical Utility. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:747-51. [PMID: 24900262 DOI: 10.1021/ml200137x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure guided optimization of a series of nonpeptidic alkyl amine renin inhibitors allowed the rational incorporation of additional polar functionality. Replacement of the cyclohexylmethyl group occupying the S1 pocket with a (R)-(tetrahydropyran-3-yl)methyl group and utilization of a different attachment point led to the identification of clinical candidate 9. This compound demonstrated excellent selectivity over related and unrelated off-targets, >15% oral bioavailability in three species, oral efficacy in a double transgenic rat model of hypertension, and good exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Jia
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Robert D. Simpson
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Jing Yuan
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Zhenrong Xu
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Salvacion Cacatian
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Colin M. Tice
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Joan Guo
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Alexey Ishchenko
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Suresh B. Singh
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Zhongren Wu
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Brian M. McKeever
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Yuri Bukhtiyarov
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Judith A. Johnson
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Christopher P. Doe
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Richard K. Harrison
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Gerard M. McGeehan
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - Lawrence W. Dillard
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - John J. Baldwin
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
| | - David A. Claremon
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals, 502 West Office Center Drive, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, United States
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46
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Scheiper B, Matter H, Steinhagen H, Böcskei Z, Fleury V, McCort G. Structure-based optimization of potent 4- and 6-azaindole-3-carboxamides as renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5480-6. [PMID: 21840218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Scheiper
- Sanofi-Aventis, Deutschland GmbH, Chemical and Analytical Sciences, Building G878, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
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47
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Matter H, Scheiper B, Steinhagen H, Böcskei Z, Fleury V, McCort G. Structure-based design and optimization of potent renin inhibitors on 5- or 7-azaindole-scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5487-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Matsoukas MT, Zoumpoulakis P, Tselios T. Conformational Analysis of Aliskiren, a Potent Renin Inhibitor, Using High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:2386-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ci200130m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, GR-11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Tselios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Patras, Greece
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49
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Yuan J, Simpson RD, Zhao W, Tice CM, Xu Z, Cacatian S, Jia L, Flaherty PT, Guo J, Ishchenko A, Wu Z, McKeever BM, Scott BB, Bukhtiyarov Y, Berbaum J, Panemangalore R, Bentley R, Doe CP, Harrison RK, McGeehan GM, Singh SB, Dillard LW, Baldwin JJ, Claremon DA. Biphenyl/diphenyl ether renin inhibitors: Filling the S1 pocket of renin via the S3 pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4836-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Wu Y, Shi C, Sun X, Wu X, Sun H. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of octane-carboxamide based renin inhibitors with extended segments toward S3′ site of renin. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4238-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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