1
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Jiang M, Yan Q, Fu Y, Meng L, Gai S, Pan X, Qin Y, Jiang C. Development of Cu(II) 4-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone complexes that induce mitochondrial DNA damage and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in liver cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112550. [PMID: 38599004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin remains the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment; however, its inherent drawbacks have fueled the development of novel metalloanticancer drugs. In this study, two novel Cu(II) complexes (Cu1 and Cu2) were designed and synthesized. Notably, these Cu(II) complexes showed higher cytotoxicity against HL-7402 cells than cisplatin. Moreover, Cu(II) complexes significantly inhibited liver cancer growth in a xenograft model. A mechanism study revealed that the Cu(II) complexes reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of cancer cells, produced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, and ultimately facilitated cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China.
| | - Qiwei Yan
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Yuanping Fu
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Lili Meng
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Shuangshuang Gai
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Caiyun Jiang
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China.
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2
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Doumi I, Lang L, Vileno B, Deponte M, Faller P. Glutathione Protects other Cellular Thiols against Oxidation by Cu II-Dp44mT. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304212. [PMID: 38408264 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cu-thiosemicarbazones have been intensively investigated for their application in cancer therapy or as antimicrobials. Copper(II)-di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-thiosemicarbazone (CuII-Dp44mT) showed anticancer activity in the submicromolar concentration range in cell culture. The interaction of CuII-Dp44mT with thiols leading to their depletion or inhibition was proposed to be involved in this activity. Indeed, CuII-Dp44mT can catalyze the oxidation of thiols although with slow kinetics. The present work aims to obtain insights into the catalytic activity and selectivity of CuII-Dp44mT toward the oxidation of different biologically relevant thiols. Reduced glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (Cys), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), D-penicillamine (D-Pen), and the two model proteins glutaredoxin (Grx) and thioredoxin (Trx) were investigated. CuII-Dp44mT catalyzed the oxidation of these thiols with different kinetics, with rates in the following order D-Pen>Cys≫NAC>GSH and Trx>Grx. CuII-Dp44mT was more efficient than CuII chloride for the oxidation of NAC and GSH, but not D-Pen and Cys. In mixtures of biologically relevant concentrations of GSH and either Cys, Trx, or Grx, the oxidation kinetics and spectral properties were similar to that of GSH alone, indicating that the interaction of these thiols with CuII-Dp44mT is dominated by GSH. Hence GSH could protect other thiols against potential deleterious oxidation by CuII-Dp44mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Doumi
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lukas Lang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Comparative Biochemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 54, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Comparative Biochemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 54, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
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3
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Alajroush DR, Smith CB, Anderson BF, Oyeyemi IT, Beebe SJ, Holder AA. A Comparison of In Vitro Studies between Cobalt(III) and Copper(II) Complexes with Thiosemicarbazone Ligands to Treat Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2024; 562:121898. [PMID: 38282819 PMCID: PMC10810091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes have gained significant attention as potential anti-cancer agents. The anti-cancer activity of [Co(phen)2(MeATSC)](NO3)3•1.5H2O•C2H5OH 1 (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and MeATSC = 9-anthraldehyde-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone) and [Cu(acetylethTSC)Cl]Cl•0.25C2H5OH 2 (where acetylethTSC = (E)-N-ethyl-2-[1-(thiazol-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide) was investigated by analyzing DNA cleavage activity. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed using CCK-8 viability assay. The activities of caspase 3/7, 9, and 1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial function were further analyzed to study the cell death mechanisms. Complex 2 induced a significant increase in nicked DNA. The IC50 values of complex 1 were 17.59 μM and 61.26 μM in cancer and non-cancer cells, respectively. The IC50 values of complex 2 were 5.63 and 12.19 μM for cancer and non-cancer cells, respectively. Complex 1 induced an increase in ROS levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activated caspases 3/7, 9, and 1, which indicated the induction of intrinsic apoptotic pathway and pyroptosis. Complex 2 induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase, ROS generation, and caspase 3/7 activation. Thus, complex 1 induced cell death in the breast cancer cell line via activation of oxidative stress which induced apoptosis and pyroptosis while complex 2 induced cell cycle arrest through the induction of DNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa R. Alajroush
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
| | - Chloe B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
| | - Brittney F. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, VI 00802, U.S.A
| | - Ifeoluwa T. Oyeyemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
| | - Stephen J. Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA, 23508, U.S.A
| | - Alvin A. Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
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Jiménez-Pérez A, Fernández-Fariña S, Pedrido R, García-Tojal J. Desulfurization of thiosemicarbazones: the role of metal ions and biological implications. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:3-31. [PMID: 38148423 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones are biologically active substances whose structural formula is formed by an azomethine, an hydrazine, and a thioamide fragments, to generate a R2C=N-NR-C(=S)-NR2 backbone. These compounds often act as ligands to generate highly stable metal-organic complexes. In certain experimental conditions, however, thiosemicarbazones undergo reactions leading to the cleavage of the chain. Sometimes, the breakage involves desulfurization processes. The present work summarizes the different chemical factors that influence the desulfurization reactions of thiosemicarbazones, such as pH, the presence of oxidant reactants or the establishment of redox processes as those electrochemically induced, the effects of the solvent, the temperature, and the electromagnetic radiation. Many of these reactions require coordination of thiosemicarbazones to metal ions, even those present in the intracellular environment. The nature of the products generated in these reactions, their detection in vivo and in vitro, together with the relevance for the biological activity of these compounds, mainly as antineoplastic agents, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Jiménez-Pérez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández-Fariña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa Pedrido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier García-Tojal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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Dharmasivam M, Kaya B, Wijesinghe TP, Richardson V, Harmer JR, Gonzalvez MA, Lewis W, Azad MG, Bernhardt PV, Richardson DR. Differential transmetallation of complexes of the anti-cancer thiosemicarbazone, Dp4e4mT: effects on anti-proliferative efficacy, redox activity, oxy-myoglobin and oxy-hemoglobin oxidation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:974-990. [PMID: 38239703 PMCID: PMC10793205 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The di-2-pyridylthiosemicarbazone (DpT) analogs demonstrate potent and selective anti-proliferative activity against human tumors. The current investigation reports the synthesis and chemical and biological characterization of the Fe(iii), Co(iii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), Zn(ii), Ga(iii), and Pd(ii) complexes of the promising second generation DpT analog, di-2-pyridylketone-4-ethyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp4e4mT). These studies demonstrate that the Dp4e4mT Co(iii), Ni(ii), and Pd(ii) complexes display distinct biological activity versus those with Cu(ii), Zn(ii), and Ga(iii) regarding anti-proliferative efficacy against cancer cells and a detrimental off-target effect involving oxidation of oxy-myoglobin (oxy-Mb) and oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb). With regards to anti-proliferative activity, the Zn(ii) and Ga(iii) Dp4e4mT complexes demonstrate facile transmetallation with Cu(ii), resulting in efficacy against tumor cells that is strikingly similar to the Dp4e4mT Cu(ii) complex (IC50: 0.003-0.006 μM and 72 h). Relative to the Zn(ii) and Ga(iii) Dp4e4mT complexes, the Dp4e4mT Ni(ii) complex demonstrates kinetically slow transmetallation with Cu(ii) and intermediate anti-proliferative effects (IC50: 0.018-0.076 μM after 72 h). In contrast, the Co(iii) and Pd(ii) complexes demonstrate poor anti-proliferative activity (IC50: 0.262-1.570 μM after 72 h), probably due to a lack of transmetallation with Cu(ii). The poor efficacy of the Dp4e4mT Co(iii), Ni(ii), and Pd(ii) complexes to transmetallate with Fe(iii) markedly suppresses the oxidation of oxy-Mb and oxy-Hb. In contrast, the 2 : 1 Dp4e4mT: Cu(ii), Zn(ii), and Ga(iii) complexes demonstrate facile reactions with Fe(iii), leading to the redox active Dp4e4mT Fe(iii) complex and oxy-Mb and oxy-Hb oxidation. This study demonstrates the key role of differential transmetallation of Dp4e4mT complexes that has therapeutic ramifications for their use as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Busra Kaya
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Tharushi P Wijesinghe
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Vera Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Miguel A Gonzalvez
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - William Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
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6
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Al-Salmi IK, Shongwe MS. Ternary Phenolate-Based Thiosemicarbazone Complexes of Copper(II): Magnetostructural Properties, Spectroscopic Features and Marked Selective Antiproliferative Activity against Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:431. [PMID: 38257344 PMCID: PMC10819714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The new diprotic ligand 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, abbreviated H2(3,5-t-Bu2)-sal4eT, exists as the thio-keto tautomer and adopts the E-configuration with respect to the imine double bond, as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray analysis and corroborated by spectroscopic characterisation. Upon treatment with Cu(OAc)2·H2O in the presence of either 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Me2-phen) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as a co-ligand in MeOH, this thiosemicarbazone undergoes conformational transformation (relative donor-atom orientations: syn,anti → syn,syn) concomitantly with tautomerisation and double deprotonation to afford the ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu{(3,5-t-Bu2)-sal4eT}(2,9-Me2-phen)] (1) and [Cu2{3,5-t-Bu2)-sal4eT}2(phen)] (2). Crystallographic elucidation has revealed that complex 1 is a centrosymmetric dimer of mononuclear copper(II) complex molecules brought about by intermolecular H-bonding. The coordination geometry at the copper(II) centre is best described as distorted square pyramidal in accordance with the trigonality index (τ = 0.14). The co-ligand adopts an axial-equatorial coordination mode; hence, there is a disparity between its two Cu-N coordinate bonds arising from weakening of the apical one as a consequence of the tetragonal distortion. The axial X-band ESR spectrum of complex 1 is consistent with retention of this structure in solution. Complex 2 is a centrosymmetric dimer of dinuclear copper(II) complex molecules exhibiting intermolecular H-bonding and π-π-stacking interactions. The two copper(II) centres, which are 4.8067(18) Å apart and bridged by the thio-enolate nitrogen of the quadridentate thiosemicarbazonate ligand, display two different coordination geometries, one distorted square planar (τ4 = 0.082) and the other distorted square pyramidal (τ5 = 0.33). Such dinuclear copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes, which are crystallographically characterised, are extremely rare. In vitro, complexes 1 and 2 outperform cisplatin as antiproliferative agents in terms of potency and selectivity towards HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Musa S. Shongwe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Oman
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7
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Xu S, Luo W, Zhu M, Zhao L, Gao L, Liang H, Zhang Z, Yang F. Human Serum Albumin-Platinum(II) Agent Nanoparticles Inhibit Tumor Growth Through Multimodal Action Against the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:346-357. [PMID: 38015620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of traditional platinum (Pt)-based drugs and further improve the targeting ability and therapeutic efficacy in vivo, we proposed to design a human serum albumin (HSA)-Pt agent complex nanoparticle (NP) for cancer treatment by multimodal action against the tumor microenvironment. We not only synthesized a series of Pt(II) di-2-pyridone thiosemicarbazone compounds and obtained a Pt(II) agent [Pt(Dp44mT)Cl] with significant anticancer activity but also successfully constructed a novel HSA-Pt(Dp44mT) complex nanoparticle delivery system. The structure of the HSA-Pt(Dp44mT) complex revealed that Pt(Dp44mT)Cl binds to the IIA subdomain of HSA and coordinates with His-242. The HSA-His242-Pt-Dp44mT NPs had an obvious effect on the inhibition of tumor growth, which was superior to that of Dp44mT and Pt(Dp44mT)Cl, and they had almost no toxicity. In addition, the HSA-His242-Pt-Dp44mT NPs were found to kill cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and inhibiting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Weicong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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8
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Wijesinghe TP, Kaya B, Gonzálvez MA, Harmer JR, Gholam Azad M, Bernhardt PV, Dharmasivam M, Richardson DR. Steric Blockade of Oxy-Myoglobin Oxidation by Thiosemicarbazones: Structure-Activity Relationships of the Novel PPP4pT Series. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15453-15476. [PMID: 37922410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones demonstrated marked anticancer efficacy, prompting progression of DpC to clinical trials. However, DpC induced deleterious oxy-myoglobin oxidation, stifling development. To address this, novel substituted phenyl thiosemicarbazone (PPP4pT) analogues and their Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were prepared. The PPP4pT analogues demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity (IC50: 0.009-0.066 μM), with the 1:1 Cu:L complexes showing the greatest efficacy. Substitutions leading to decreased redox potential of the PPP4pT:Cu(II) complexes were associated with higher antiproliferative activity, while increasing potential correlated with increased redox activity. Surprisingly, there was no correlation between redox activity and antiproliferative efficacy. The PPP4pT:Fe(III) complexes attenuated oxy-myoglobin oxidation significantly more than the clinically trialed thiosemicarbazones, Triapine, COTI-2, and DpC, or earlier thiosemicarbazone series. Incorporation of phenyl- and styryl-substituents led to steric blockade, preventing approach of the PPP4pT:Fe(III) complexes to the heme plane and its oxidation. The 1:1 Cu(II):PPP4pT complexes were inert to transmetalation and did not induce oxy-myoglobin oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi P Wijesinghe
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Busra Kaya
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Miguel A Gonzálvez
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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9
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Shahi N, Yadav PN, Chaudhary U, Saad M, Mahiya K, Khan A, Shafi S, Pokharel YR. 5-Methoxyisatin N(4)-Pyrrolidinyl Thiosemicarbazone (MeOIstPyrd) Restores Mutant p53 and Inhibits the Growth of Skin Cancer Cells, In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31998-32016. [PMID: 37692215 PMCID: PMC10483675 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing 5-methoxy isatin were designed and synthesized with modification on N(4) position. Derivatives considering structure-activity relationship have been designed and synthesized by condensing thiosemicarbazide with 5-methoxy isatin. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and a single-crystal study. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds revealed that MeOIstPyrd is the most promising compound against skin cancer cell line, A431, with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM. In addition, MeOIstPyrd also exhibited low toxicity against the normal human fibroblast and the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line, HLF-1, and HEK293, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanistic study revealed that MeOIstPyrd efficiently inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and spheroid formation by activating the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway. MeOIstPyrd also induces DNA damage and activates p53 irrespective of the p53 status. It increases the half-life of p53 and stabilizes p53 by phosphorylating it at ser15. Moreover, MeOIstPyrd was found to bind to MDM2 in the p53 sub-pocket and, therefore, block p53-MDM2 interaction. Our result exhibited potential anticancer activity of MeOIstPyrd in the A431 cell line and its ability in restoring mutant p53, which is an interesting and promising strategy for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina Shahi
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central
Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 700128, Nepal
| | - Upendra Chaudhary
- Central
Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 700128, Nepal
| | - Mohd Saad
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Kuldeep Mahiya
- Department
of Chemistry, F.G.M. Government College, Mandi Adampur, Hisar 125052, Haryana, India
| | - Arif Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
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10
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Schaier M, Falcone E, Prstek T, Vileno B, Hager S, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Koellensperger G, Faller P, Kowol CR. Human serum albumin as a copper source for anticancer thiosemicarbazones. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad046. [PMID: 37505477 PMCID: PMC10405564 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are a class of biologically active compounds with promising anticancer activity. Their typical mechanism, especially of the clinically far developed representative Triapine, is chelation of iron (Fe), with the Fe-containing enzyme ribonucleotide reductase as primary intracellular target. However, for the subclass of terminally disubstituted, nanomolar-active derivatives like Dp44mT and Me2NNMe2, recent findings suggest that the chelation, stability, and reduction properties of the copper(II) (Cu) complexes are essential for their modes of action. Consequently, it is important to elucidate whether blood serum Cu(II) is a potential metal source for these TSCs. To gain more insights, the interaction of Triapine, Dp44mT or Me2NNMe2 with purified human serum albumin (HSA) as the main pool of labile Cu(II) was investigated by UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Subsequently, a size-exclusion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the differentiation of Cu species in serum was developed, especially separating the non-labile Cu enzyme ceruloplasmin from HSA. The results indicate that the TSCs specifically chelate copper from the N-terminal Cu-binding site of HSA. Furthermore, the Cu(II)-TSC complexes were shown to form ternary HSA conjugates, most likely via histidine. Noteworthy, Fe-chelation from transferrin was not overserved, even not for Triapine. In summary, the labile Cu pool of HSA is a potential source for Cu-TSC complex formation and, consequently, distinctly influences the anticancer activity and pharmacological behavior of TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schaier
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tomas Prstek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonja Hager
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Yang T, Li S, Xu G, Liang H, Yang F. Developing an Anticancer Platinum(II) Compound Based on the Uniqueness of Human Serum Albumin. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5669-5684. [PMID: 37071741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
To develop the next-generation Pt drug with remarkable activity and low toxicity to maximally inhibit tumor growth, we optimized a Pt(II) thiosemicarbazone compound (C4) with remarkable cytotoxicity to SK-N-MC cells and then constructed a new human serum albumin-C4 (HSA-C4) complex delivery system. The in vivo results showed that C4 and the HSA-C4 complex have remarkable therapeutic efficiency and almost no toxicity; they induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. This system showed potential as a practical Pt drug. This study could pave the way for developing next-generation dual-targeted Pt drugs and achieving their targeting therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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12
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Hanif M, Noor A, Muhammad M, Ullah F, Tahir MN, Khan GS, Khan E. Complexes of 2-Amino-3-methylpyridine and 2-Amino-4-methylbenzothiazole with Ag(I) and Cu(II): Structure and Biological Applications. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination complexes (1–4) of 2-amino-4-methylbenzothiazole and 2-amino-3-methylpyridine with Cu(CH3COO)2 and AgNO3 were prepared and characterized by UV/Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The molecular structure for single crystals of silver complexes (2 and 4) were determined by X-ray diffraction. The coordination complex (2) is monoclinic with space group P21/c, wherein two ligands are coordinated to a metal ion, affording distorted trigonal geometry around the central Ag metal ion. The efficient nucleophilic center, i.e., the endocyclic nitrogen of the organic ligand, binds to the silver metal. Ligands are coordinated to adopt cis arrangement, predominantly due to steric reasons. The O(2) and O(3) atoms of the NO3− group further play an important role in such type of ligand arrangement by hydrogen bonding with the NH2 group of ligands. Complex (4) is orthorhombic, P212121, comprising two molecules of 2-amino-3-methylpyridine as ligand coordinated with the metal ion, affording a polymeric structure. The coordination behavior of the ligand is identical to that in complex 2, wherein ring nitrogen is coordinated to the metal center and bridged to another metal ion through an NH2 group. The resulting product is polymeric in nature with the Ag metal in the backbone and ligand as the bridge. Compounds (2–4) were found to be luminescent, while 1 did not show such activity. All compounds were screened for their preliminary biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition. Compounds exhibited moderate activity in these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Awal Noor
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mian Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Gul Shahzada Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Main Campus, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Main Campus, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
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13
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Zheng Y, Wei K, Gao Y, Zhou Z, Zheng X, Li J, Qi J. Comparative evaluation of the structure and antitumor mechanism of mononuclear and trinucleated thiosemicarbazone Cu(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112116. [PMID: 36592511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of ligand to Cu(II) ions has an essential effect on the geometrical configuration and anti-tumour activity of metal-based complexes. In this work, we synthesised two Cu(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes, namely, [Cu(L)(Cl)] (C1) and [Cu3(L)2(Cl)4] (C2), by controlling the ratio of Cu(II) ion to ligand, to evaluate their anti-tumour activity. The ability of C1 to catalyze hydrogen peroxide to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly higher than that of Cu(II) ion. Moreover, the bridge of Cu(II) and two molecules generated a new complex (C2), which, in contrast to C1, enhanced the generation of Fenton-like-triggered ROS. Consequently, the produced ROS depleted reduced glutathione, caused oxidative cell stress and promoted apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. In addition, C2 exhibited better tumour suppression than C1 in a nude mouse tumour xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zheng
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Jiuling Li
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
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14
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Dharmasivam M, Kaya B, Wijesinghe T, Gholam Azad M, Gonzálvez MA, Hussaini M, Chekmarev J, Bernhardt PV, Richardson DR. Designing Tailored Thiosemicarbazones with Bespoke Properties: The Styrene Moiety Imparts Potent Activity, Inhibits Heme Center Oxidation, and Results in a Novel "Stealth Zinc(II) Complex". J Med Chem 2023; 66:1426-1453. [PMID: 36649565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel, potent, and selective antitumor agent, namely (E)-3-phenyl-1-(2-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (PPP44mT), and its analogues were synthesized and characterized and displayed strikingly distinctive properties. This activity was mediated by the inclusion of a styrene moiety, which through steric and electrochemical mechanisms prevented deleterious oxy-myoglobin or oxy-hemoglobin oxidation relative to other potent thiosemicarbazones, i.e., di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) or di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT). Structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrated specific tuning of PPP44mT electrochemistry further inhibited oxy-myoglobin or oxy-hemoglobin oxidation. Both PPP44mT and its Cu(II) complexes showed conspicuous almost immediate cytotoxicity against SK-N-MC tumor cells (within 3 h). In contrast, [Zn(PPP44mT)2] demonstrated a pronounced delay in activity, taking 48 h before marked antiproliferative efficacy was apparent. As such, [Zn(PPP44mT)2] was designated as a "stealth Zn(II) complex" that overcomes the near immediate cytotoxicity of PPP44mT or its copper complexes. Upon examination of the suppression of oncogenic signaling, [Zn(PPP44mT)2] was superior at inhibiting cyclin D1 expression compared to DpC or Dp44mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan4111, Australia
| | - Busra Kaya
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan4111, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tharushi Wijesinghe
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan4111, Australia
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan4111, Australia
| | - Miguel A Gonzálvez
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane4072, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hussaini
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan4111, Australia
| | - Jason Chekmarev
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan4111, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane4072, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan4111, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
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15
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Thiosemicarbazonecopper/Halido Systems: Structure and DFT Analysis of the Magnetic Coupling. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental magnetic studies performed on the [{CuLX}2] system (HL = pyridine-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, X = Cl−, Br−, I−) point to the larger electronegativity in X, the lower magnitude of the antiferromagnetic interactions. In order to confirm this and other trends observed and to dip into them, computational studies on the [{CuLX}2] (X = Cl− (1), I− (2)) compounds are here reported. The chemical and structural comparisons have been extended to the compounds obtained in acid medium. In this regard, chlorido ligands yield the [Cu(HL)Cl2]∙H2O (3) complex, whose crystal structure shows that thiosemicarbazone links as a tridentate chelate ligand to square pyramidal Cu(II) ions. On the other hand, iodido ligands provoke the formation of the [{Cu(H2L)I2}2] (4) derivative, which contains pyridine-protonated cationic H2L+ as a S-donor monodentate ligand bonded to Cu(I) ions. Crystallographic, infrared and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic results are discussed. Computational calculations predict a greater stability for the chlorido species, containing both the neutral (HL) and anionic (L−) ligand. The theoretical magnetic studies considering isolated dimeric entities reproduce the sign and magnitude of the antiferromagnetism in 1, but no good agreement is found for compound 2. The sensitivity to the basis set and the presence of interdimer magnetic interactions are debated.
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16
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Al-Riyahee A, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Amoroso AJ, J. A. Pope S. Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of functionalised thiosemicarbazone ligands: syntheses and reactivity, characterization and structural studies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Kim J, Park A, Hwang J, Zhao X, Kwak J, Kim HW, Ku M, Yang J, Kim TI, Jeong KS, Choi U, Lee H, Shin SJ. KS10076, a chelator for redox-active metal ions, induces ROS-mediated STAT3 degradation in autophagic cell death and eliminates ALDH1 + stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111077. [PMID: 35858554 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-active metal ions are pivotal for rapid metabolism, proliferation, and aggression across cancer types, and this presents metal chelation as an attractive cancer cell-targeting strategy. Here, we identify a metal chelator, KS10076, as a potent anti-cancer drug candidate. A metal-bound KS10076 complex with redox potential for generating hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevation of ROS by KS10076 promotes the destabilization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, removes aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1-positive cancer stem cells, and subsequently induces autophagic cell death. Bioinformatic analysis of KS10076 susceptibility in pan-cancer cells shows that KS10076 potentially targets cancer cells with increased mitochondrial function. Furthermore, patient-derived organoid models demonstrate that KS10076 efficiently represses cancer cells with active KRAS, and fluorouracil resistance, which suggests clinical advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Park
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieon Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianghua Zhao
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kwak
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Ku
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Uyeong Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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18
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A New Hybrid ligand and its metal complexes From a Natural Plant (
Styrax officinalis
) bearing Egonol, Thiosemicarbazone and Oxime Units, and Their Anti‐cancer Activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Geleta B, Tout FS, Lim SC, Sahni S, Jansson PJ, Apte MV, Richardson DR, Kovačević Ž. Targeting Wnt/tenascin C-mediated cross talk between pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells via activation of the metastasis suppressor NDRG1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101608. [PMID: 35065073 PMCID: PMC8881656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to successful pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment is the surrounding stroma, which secretes growth factors/cytokines that promote PC progression. Wnt and tenascin C (TnC) are key ligands secreted by stromal pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that then act on PC cells in a paracrine manner to activate the oncogenic β-catenin and YAP/TAZ signaling pathways. Therefore, therapies targeting oncogenic Wnt/TnC cross talk between PC cells and PSCs constitute a promising new therapeutic approach for PC treatment. The metastasis suppressor N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in numerous cancers, including PC. We demonstrate herein that targeting NDRG1 using the clinically trialed anticancer agent di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) inhibited Wnt/TnC-mediated interactions between PC cells and the surrounding PSCs. Mechanistically, NDRG1 and DpC markedly inhibit secretion of Wnt3a and TnC by PSCs, while also attenuating Wnt/β-catenin and YAP/TAZ activation and downstream signaling in PC cells. This antioncogenic activity was mediated by direct inhibition of β-catenin and YAP/TAZ nuclear localization and by increasing the Wnt inhibitor, DKK1. Expression of NDRG1 also inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)-β secretion by PC cells, a key mechanism by which PC cells activate PSCs. Using an in vivo orthotopic PC mouse model, we show DpC downregulated β-catenin, TnC, and YAP/TAZ, while potently increasing NDRG1 expression in PC tumors. We conclude that NDRG1 and DpC inhibit Wnt/TnC-mediated interactions between PC cells and PSCs. These results further illuminate the antioncogenic mechanism of NDRG1 and the potential of targeting this metastasis suppressor to overcome the oncogenic effects of the PC-PSC interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekesho Geleta
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Faten S Tout
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Syer Choon Lim
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Žaklina Kovačević
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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20
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Gladis EHE, Nagashri K, Krishnendu A. Synthesis, structural elucidation, DNA binding, cleavage, AChE and BuChE cholinesterase efficiencies of metal complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline scaffold. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:285-313. [PMID: 35080488 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.2011915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of metal complexes containing a 1,10-phenanthroline scaffold [ML] (L-1,10-Phenanthroline derivative comprises conjugated aromatic core and electron withdrawing -NO2 group); M = Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) ions were designed and synthesized to obtain effective anti-cholinesterase efficiencies of metal chelates. Analytical and spectroscopic studies were used to determine the structural features. An octahedral structure with moderate distortion was attributed to the above metal chelates based on spectroscopic data. S. aureus, A. niger, C. albicans, B.subtilis, A. flavus, and E. coli were used to test the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ligands and metal complexes. Using agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragmentation proficiency of prepared metal complexes was tested on pUC 18 DNA. The distorted octahedral geometry of the copper(II) complex to DNA (Kb = 4.11 × 105 M-1) is stronger than that of ethidium bromide (EB) to DNA (Kb = 3.3 × 105 M-1) and other metal complexes, respectively. The synthesized 1,10-phenanthroline derivative had the best inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 0.45 and 3.6 M, respectively, which were lower than the reference molecules. Our experimental results may contribute to the development of new drug molecules particularly in the treatment of neurological disorders including glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. The actions of inhibitors on the glycosidase enzyme help to delay the breakdown and release of sugar molecules into the bloodstream, and they can be used as therapeutic factors in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Edinsha Gladis
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nagashri
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, India
| | - A Krishnendu
- Department of Chemistry, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Lobana TS, Kaushal M, Bala R, Garcia-Santos I, Jasinski JP. Copper(I) derivatives of 4-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone and 3-formylpyridine-N-methylthiosemicarbazone with triphenylphosphine as a co-ligand. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Lobana TS, Kaushal M, Bhatia R, Bala R, Butcher RJ, Jasinksi JP. Crystal structures of 3/4-pyridyl-based thiosemicarbazones and related Cu and Ni coordination compounds. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2022; 78:30-35. [PMID: 34982047 DOI: 10.1107/s205322962101319x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, the crystal structures of the thio-ligands 3-formylpyridine 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone (C13H12N4S, 1) and 4-benzoylpyridine 4-ethylthiosemicarbazone (C15H16N4S, 2), and of two new coordination compounds, chlorido(3-formylpyridine 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone-κS)bis(triphenylphosphane-κP)copper(I) acetonitrile monosolvate, [CuCl(C13H12N4S)(C18H15P)2]·CH3CN, 3, and bis(3-formylpyridine 4-ethylthiosemicarbazonato-κ2N1,S)nickel(II), [Ni(C9H11N4S)2], 4, are reported. In complex 3, the thio-ligand coordinates in a neutral form to the Cu atom through its S-donor atom, and in complex 4, the anionic thio-ligand chelates to the Ni atom through N- and S-donor atoms. The geometry of complex 3 is distorted tetrahedral [bond angles 99.70 (5)-123.23 (5)°], with the P-Cu-P bond angle being the largest, while that of complex 4 is square planar, with trans-S-Ni-S and N-Ni-N bond angles of 180°.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mani Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
| | - Robin Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
| | - Ritu Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
| | - Ray J Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Jerry P Jasinksi
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, NH 03435, USA
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23
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Copper in tumors and the use of copper-based compounds in cancer treatment. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111634. [PMID: 34740035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is strictly regulated by protein transporters and chaperones, to allow its correct distribution and avoid uncontrolled redox reactions. Several studies address copper as involved in cancer development and spreading (epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis). However, being endogenous and displaying a tremendous potential to generate free radicals, copper is a perfect candidate, once opportunely complexed, to be used as a drug in cancer therapy with low adverse effects. Copper ions can be modulated by the organic counterpart, after complexed to their metalcore, either in redox potential or geometry and consequently reactivity. During the last four decades, many copper complexes were studied regarding their reactivity toward cancer cells, and many of them could be a drug choice for phase II and III in cancer therapy. Also, there is promising evidence of using 64Cu in nanoparticles as radiopharmaceuticals for both positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and treatment of hypoxic tumors. However, few compounds have gone beyond testing in animal models, and none of them got the status of a drug for cancer chemotherapy. The main challenge is their solubility in physiological buffers and their different and non-predictable mechanism of action. Moreover, it is difficult to rationalize a structure-based activity for drug design and delivery. In this review, we describe the role of copper in cancer, the effects of copper-complexes on tumor cell death mechanisms, and point to the new copper complexes applicable as drugs, suggesting that they may represent at least one component of a multi-action combination in cancer therapy.
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24
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Ebenezer B, Nagashri K. Synthesis and in vitro biochemical properties, DNA binding and DNA cleavage ability of copper complexes of hydroxyflavone derivatives of novel organosulfur compounds as therapeutic agent. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 40:1159-1197. [PMID: 34612797 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1985517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel and synthetically essential flavonoids compounds containing the organosulfur moiety from Schiff bases, as well as their copper complexes, were synthesized from chrysin and 2-(phenylthio)aniline. These complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, electronic absorption spectroscopy, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. All the Cu(II) complexes exhibit square planar geometry. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the investigated compounds were tested against the bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungal species, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Culvularia lunata, Rhizoctonia bataicola, and Candida albicans by serial dilution method. The DNA binding and DNA cleavage properties of copper complexes were studied. Free radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and antioxidant activities of the copper complexes have also been studied. In addition, using the egg albumin process, the in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy of metal chelates was examined. Anti-tuberculosis and α-glucosidase inhibition activity were carried out from the prepared metal complexes. The flavonoid compounds containing the organosulfur moiety of Cu(II) complexes (1-8) exhibited better therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ebenezer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nagashri
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Wijesinghe TP, Dharmasivam M, Dai CC, Richardson DR. Innovative therapies for neuroblastoma: The surprisingly potent role of iron chelation in up-regulating metastasis and tumor suppressors and down-regulating the key oncogene, N-myc. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105889. [PMID: 34536548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an indispensable requirement for essential biological processes in cancer cells. Due to the greater proliferation of neoplastic cells, their demand for iron is considerably higher relative to normal cells, making them highly susceptible to iron depletion. Understanding this sensitive relationship led to research exploring the effect of iron chelation therapy for cancer treatment. The classical iron-binding ligand, desferrioxamine (DFO), has demonstrated effective anti-proliferative activity against many cancer-types, particularly neuroblastoma tumors, and has the surprising activity of down-regulating the potent oncogene, N-myc, which is a major oncogenic driver in neuroblastoma. Even more significant is the ability of DFO to simultaneously up-regulate the potent metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which plays a plethora of roles in suppressing a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways. However, DFO suffers the disadvantage of demonstrating poor membrane permeability and short plasma half-life, requiring administration by prolonged subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. Considering this, the specifically designed di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone (DpT) series of metal-binding ligands was developed in our laboratory. The lead agent from the first generation DpT series, di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), showed exceptional anti-cancer properties compared to DFO. However, it exhibited cardiotoxicity in mouse models at higher dosages. Therefore, a second generation of agents was developed with the lead compound being di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) that progressed to Phase I clinical trials. Importantly, DpC showed better anti-proliferative activity than Dp44mT and no cardiotoxicity, demonstrating effective anti-cancer activity against neuroblastoma tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi P Wijesinghe
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Charles C Dai
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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26
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Chekmarev J, Azad MG, Richardson DR. The Oncogenic Signaling Disruptor, NDRG1: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092382. [PMID: 34572031 PMCID: PMC8465210 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NDRG1 is an oncogenic signaling disruptor that plays a key role in multiple cancers, including aggressive pancreatic tumors. Recent studies have indicated a role for NDRG1 in the inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases, including EGFR, c-Met, HER2 and HER3, etc. The mechanism of activity of NDRG1 remains unclear, but to impart some of its functions, NDRG1 binds directly to key effector molecules that play roles in tumor suppression, e.g., MIG6. More recent studies indicate that NDRG1s-inducing drugs, such as novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones, not only inhibit tumor growth and metastasis but also fibrous desmoplasia, which leads to chemotherapeutic resistance. The Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) protein may be regulated by NDRG1, and is a crucial E3 ligase that regulates various protein tyrosine and receptor tyrosine kinases, primarily via ubiquitination. The c-Cbl protein can act as a tumor suppressor by promoting the degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases. In contrast, c-Cbl can also promote tumor development by acting as a docking protein to mediate the oncogenic c-Met/Crk/JNK and PI3K/AKT pathways. This review hypothesizes that NDRG1 could inhibit the oncogenic function of c-Cbl, which may be another mechanism of its tumor-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chekmarev
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (M.G.A.)
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-7549
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27
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Romo AIB, Carepo MP, Levín P, Nascimento OR, Díaz DE, Rodríguez-López J, León IE, Bezerra LF, Lemus L, Diógenes ICN. Synergy of DNA intercalation and catalytic activity of a copper complex towards improved polymerase inhibition and cancer cell cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11931-11940. [PMID: 34374389 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving the binding of metal complexes to DNA to boost cancer cell cytotoxicity requires fine tuning of their structural and chemical properties. Copper has been used as a metal center in compounds containing intercalating ligands due to its ability to catalytically generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals (OH˙). We envision the synergy of DNA binding and ROS generation in proximity to target DNA as a powerful chemotherapy treatment. Here, we explore the use of [Cu(2CP-Bz-SMe)]2+ (2CP-Bz-SMe = 1,3-bis(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yloxy)-N-(4-(methylthio)benzylidene)propan-2-amine) for this purpose by characterizing its cytotoxicity, DNA binding, and ability to affect DNA replication through the polymerase chain reaction - PCR and nuclease assays. We determined the binding (Kb) and Stern-Volmer constants (KSV) for complex-DNA association of 5.8 ± 0.14 × 104 and 1.64 (±0.08), respectively, through absorption titration and competitive fluorescence experiments. These values were superior to those of other Cu-complex intercalators. We hypothesize that the distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry of [Cu(2CP-Bz-SMe)]2+ allows the phenanthroline fragments to be better accommodated into the DNA double helix. Moreover, the aromaticity of these fragments increases the local hydrophobicity thus increasing the affinity for the hydrophobic domains of DNA. Nuclease assays in the presence of common reducing agents ascorbic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and glutathione showed the effective degradation of DNA due to the in situ generation of OH˙. The [Cu(2CP-Bz-SMe)]2+ complex showed cytotoxicity against the following human cancer cells lines A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MG-63 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.62 ± 0.48, 5.20 ± 0.76, 5.70 ± 0.42 and 2.88 ± 0.66 μM, respectively. These low values of IC50, which are promising if compared to that of cisplatin, are ascribed to the synergistic effect of ROS generation with the intercalation ability into the DNA minor grooves and blocking DNA replication. This study introduces new principles for synergizing the chemical and structural properties of intercalation compounds for improved drug-DNA interactions targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo I B Romo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Cx. Postal 6021, Fortaleza, CE 60451-970, Brasil.
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28
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Babak MV, Ahn D. Modulation of Intracellular Copper Levels as the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Copper Complexes: Clinical Relevance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080852. [PMID: 34440056 PMCID: PMC8389626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital element required for cellular growth and development; however, even slight changes in its homeostasis might lead to severe toxicity and deleterious medical conditions. Cancer patients are typically associated with higher Cu content in serum and tumor tissues, indicating increased demand of cancer cells for this micronutrient. Cu is known to readily cycle between the +1 and +2 oxidation state in biological systems. The mechanism of action of Cu complexes is typically based on their redox activity and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to deadly oxidative stress. However, there are a number of other biomolecular mechanisms beyond ROS generation that contribute to the activity of anticancer Cu drug candidates. In this review, we discuss how interfering with intracellular Cu balance via either diet modification or addition of inorganic Cu supplements or Cu-modulating compounds affects tumor development, progression, and sensitivity to treatment modalities. We aim to provide the rationale for the use of Cu-depleting and Cu-overloading conditions to generate the best possible patient outcome with minimal toxicity. We also discuss the advantages of the use of pre-formed Cu complexes, such as Cu-(bis)thiosemicarbazones or Cu-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, in comparison with the in situ formed Cu complexes with metal-binding ligands. In this review, we summarize available clinical and mechanistic data on clinically relevant anticancer drug candidates, including Cu supplements, Cu chelators, Cu ionophores, and Cu complexes.
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29
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Geleta B, Park KC, Jansson PJ, Sahni S, Maleki S, Xu Z, Murakami T, Pajic M, Apte MV, Richardson DR, Kovacevic Z. Breaking the cycle: Targeting of NDRG1 to inhibit bi-directional oncogenic cross-talk between pancreatic cancer and stroma. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21347. [PMID: 33484481 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002279r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is characterized by dense stroma that hinders treatment efficacy, with pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) being a major contributor to this stromal barrier and PaCa progression. Activated PSCs release hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) that induce PaCa proliferation, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. We demonstrate for the first time that the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), is a potent inhibitor of the PaCa-PSC cross-talk, leading to inhibition of HGF and IGF-1 signaling. NDRG1 also potently reduced the key driver of PaCa metastasis, namely GLI1, leading to reduced PSC-mediated cell migration. The novel clinically trialed anticancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), which upregulates NDRG1, potently de-sensitized PaCa cells to ligands secreted by activated PSCs. DpC and NDRG1 also inhibited the PaCa-mediated activation of PSCs via inhibition of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. In vivo, DpC markedly reduced PaCa tumor growth and metastasis more avidly than the standard chemotherapy for this disease, gemcitabine. Uniquely, DpC was selectively cytotoxic against PaCa cells, while "re-programming" PSCs to an inactive state, decreasing collagen deposition and desmoplasia. Thus, targeting NDRG1 can effectively break the oncogenic cycle of PaCa-PSC bi-directional cross-talk to overcome PaCa desmoplasia and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekesho Geleta
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Drug Resistance Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanaz Maleki
- Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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30
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Lobana TS, Indoria S, Sood H, Arora DS, Hundal G, Jasinski JP. Synthesis and structures of 3-nitro-salicylaldehyde-N-substituted thiosem-icarbazonates of copper(II): Novel bio-active materials against E. faecalis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Zhang J, Jiang M, Li S, Zhang Z, Sun H, Yang F, Liang H. Developing a Novel Anticancer Gold(III) Agent to Integrate Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6777-6791. [PMID: 34000198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To effectively treat gastric cancer, we innovatively attempted to develop a metal agent to integrate immunotherapy and chemotherapy by dual targeting the cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) based on the specific residue of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (NPs). We synthesized a series of Au(III) α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds and obtained a Au agent (5b) with remarkable cytotoxicity to gastric cancer cells; moreover, we successfully constructed a novel HSA-5b complex NP delivery system. Importantly, the in vivo results showed that 5b/HSA-5b NPs effectively inhibited gastric tumor growth and HSA-5b NPs enhanced the therapeutic efficiency, bioavailability, and targeting ability compared with those of 5b alone. Furthermore, the in vitro/in vivo results revealed that 5b/HSA-5b NPs could integrate chemotherapy and immunotherapy by synergistically attacking two different cellular components in TME at the same time, namely, polarizing the tumor-associated macrophages and inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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32
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Bai C, Wu S, Ren S, Zhu M, Luo G, Xiang H. Synthesis and evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone analogs with both anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities against triple negative breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 37:116107. [PMID: 33735799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive cancer with high mortality and recurrence rates. Hecogenin, a steroidal sapogenin, is reported as a potential anti-tumor agent against breast cancer. However, the moderate activity limits its further application in clinical. With the aim to identify novel analogues that are especially efficacious in therapy of TNBC, a series of novel hecogenin thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone derivatives were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Screening of cytotoxicity revealed that 4c could potently inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells), lung cancer cells (A549) and colon cancer cells (HT-29) at low μM level. Importantly, further mechanism studies indicated the ability of 4c in inducing apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells by arresting the cell cycle. Moreover, 4c notably suppressed the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to its parent hecogenin at the equal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuangjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengnan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meiqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guoshun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Elewa SI, Abdelhamid AO, Hamed AA, Mansour E. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activities, anticancer of some new pyridines from 2, 3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-6-(thien-2-yl) pyridine-3-carbonitrile. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1849726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I. Elewa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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35
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Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA interaction, DFT analysis and molecular docking studies of copper(ii) complexes with 1-methyl-l-tryptophan and phenanthroline units. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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36
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Bormio Nunes JH, Hager S, Mathuber M, Pósa V, Roller A, Enyedy ÉA, Stefanelli A, Berger W, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Cancer Cell Resistance Against the Clinically Investigated Thiosemicarbazone COTI-2 Is Based on Formation of Intracellular Copper Complex Glutathione Adducts and ABCC1-Mediated Efflux. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13719-13732. [PMID: 33190481 PMCID: PMC7706001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
COTI-2
is a novel anticancer thiosemicarbazone in phase I clinical
trial. However, the effects of metal complexation (a main characteristic
of thiosemicarbazones) and acquired resistance mechanisms are widely
unknown. Therefore, in this study, the copper and iron complexes of
COTI-2 were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity
and impact on drug resistance in comparison to metal-free thiosemicarbazones.
Investigations using Triapine-resistant SW480/Tria and newly established
COTI-2-resistant SW480/Coti cells revealed distinct structure–activity
relationships. SW480/Coti cells were found to overexpress ABCC1, and
COTI-2 being a substrate for this efflux pump. This was unexpected,
as ABCC1 has strong selectivity for glutathione adducts. The recognition
by ABCC1 could be explained by the reduction kinetics of a ternary
Cu-COTI-2 complex with glutathione. Thus, only thiosemicarbazones
forming stable, nonreducible copper(II)-glutathione adducts are recognized
and, in turn, effluxed by ABCC1. This reveals a crucial connection
between copper complex chemistry, glutathione interaction, and the
resistance profile of clinically relevant thiosemicarbazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Bormio Nunes
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Inorganic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sonja Hager
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marlene Mathuber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Vivien Pósa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Alessia Stefanelli
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna 1090, Austria
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37
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Jiang M, Li S, Yuan H, Sun H, Yang F, Liang H. Developing a Novel Gold(III) Agent to Treat Glioma Based on the Unique Properties of Apoferritin Nanoparticles: Inducing Lethal Autophagy and Apoptosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13695-13708. [PMID: 33185442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective delivery of anticancer agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) required innovative strategies to achieve glioma regression. To resolve this problem, we proposed to develop a metal agent that target and treat glioma based on the unique property of apoferritin (AFt) nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, we synthesized a series of Au(III) 3-(4-metyl piperidine)thiosemicarbazides compounds and analyzed their structure-activity relationships, obtaining a Au agent (C6) with remarkable cytotoxicity in glioma. Moreover, we confirmed that C6 kills glioma cells by inducing lethal autophagy and apoptosis. Importantly, our results revealed that the successfully constructed apoferritin-C6 NPs (AFt-C6 NPs) can effectively cross the BBB, inhibit glioma growth, and selectively accumulate in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541003, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541003, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541003, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541003, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541003, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541003, China
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38
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Lobana TS, Kaushal M, Bala R, Nim L, Paul K, Arora DS, Bhatia A, Arora S, Jasinski JP. Di-2-pyridylketone-N1-substituted thiosemicarbazone derivatives of copper(II): Biosafe antimicrobial potential and high anticancer activity against immortalized L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 212:111205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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39
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40
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Liu J. Applying Cu(II) complexes assisted by water‐soluble porphyrin to DNA binding and selective anticancer activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
- Shaanxi Normal University Pingliang Experimental Middle School Pingliang 744000 China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
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41
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Ohui K, Stepanenko I, Besleaga I, Babak MV, Stafi R, Darvasiova D, Giester G, Pósa V, Enyedy EA, Vegh D, Rapta P, Ang WH, Popović-Bijelić A, Arion VB. Triapine Derivatives Act as Copper Delivery Vehicles to Induce Deadly Metal Overload in Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091336. [PMID: 32961653 PMCID: PMC7564244 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones continue to attract the interest of researchers as potential anticancer drugs. For example, 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, or triapine, is the most well-known representative of this class of compounds that has entered multiple phase I and II clinical trials. Two new triapine derivatives HL1 and HL2 were prepared by condensation reactions of 2-pyridinamidrazone and S-methylisothiosemicarbazidium chloride with 3-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl) amino-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, followed by a Boc-deprotection procedure. Subsequent reaction of HL1 and HL2 with CuCl2·2H2O in 1:1 molar ratio in methanol produced the complexes [CuII(HL1)Cl2]·H2O (1·H2O) and [CuII(HL2)Cl2] (2). The reaction of HL2 with Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O in 2:1 molar ratio in the presence of triethylamine afforded the complex [FeIII(L2)2]NO3∙0.75H2O (3∙0.75H2O), in which the isothiosemicarbazone acts as a tridentate monoanionic ligand. The crystal structures of HL1, HL2 and metal complexes 1 and 2 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The UV-Vis and EPR spectroelectrochemical measurements revealed that complexes 1 and 2 underwent irreversible reduction of Cu(II) with subsequent ligand release, while 3 showed an almost reversible electrochemical reduction in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Aqueous solution behaviour of HL1 and 1, as well as of HL2 and its complex 2, was monitored as well. Complexes 1−3 were tested against ovarian carcinoma cells, as well as noncancerous embryonic kidney cells, in comparison to respective free ligands, triapine and cisplatin. While the free ligands HL1 and HL2 were devoid of antiproliferative activity, their respective metal complexes showed remarkable antiproliferative activity in a micromolar concentration range. The activity was not related to the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) R2 protein, but rather to cancer cell homeostasis disturbance—leading to the disruption of cancer cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Ohui
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.O.); (I.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Iryna Stepanenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.O.); (I.B.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (V.B.A.)
| | - Iuliana Besleaga
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.O.); (I.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria V. Babak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Radu Stafi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.O.); (I.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Denisa Darvasiova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Gerald Giester
- Department of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Althan Strasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Vivien Pósa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (V.P.); (E.A.E.)
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva A. Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (V.P.); (E.A.E.)
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniel Vegh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.O.); (I.B.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (V.B.A.)
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The anti-tumor agent, Dp44mT, promotes nuclear translocation of TFEB via inhibition of the AMPK-mTORC1 axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165970. [PMID: 32950675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) and its analogues are potent anti-cancer agents through their ability to target lysosomes. Considering this, it was important to understand the mechanisms involved in the Dp44mT-mediated induction of autophagy and the role of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a critical autophagic regulator. As such, this investigation examined AMPK's role in the regulation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which transcribes genes involved in autophagy and lysosome biosynthesis. For the first time, this study demonstrated that Dp44mT induces translocation of TFEB to the nucleus. Furthermore, Dp44mT-mediated nuclear translocation of TFEB was AMPK-dependent. Considering that: (1) the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an important role in the regulation of TFEB; and (2) that AMPK is a known regulator of mTORC1, this study also elucidated the mechanisms through which Dp44mT regulates nuclear translocation of TFEB via AMPK. Silencing AMPK led to increased mTOR phosphorylation, that activates mTORC1. Since Dp44mT inhibits mTORC1 in an AMPK-dependent manner through raptor phosphorylation, Dp44mT is demonstrated to regulate TFEB translocation through dual mechanisms: AMPK activation, which inhibits mTOR, and inhibition of mTORC1 via phosphorylation of raptor. Collectively, Dp44mT-mediated activation of AMPK plays a crucial role in lysosomal biogenesis and TFEB function. As Dp44mT potently chelates copper and iron that are crucial for tumor growth, these studies provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms involved in intracellular clearance and energy metabolism that occur upon alterations in metal ion homeostasis.
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43
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Park KC, Dharmasivam M, Richardson DR. The Role of Extracellular Proteases in Tumor Progression and the Development of Innovative Metal Ion Chelators that Inhibit their Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6805. [PMID: 32948029 PMCID: PMC7555822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of extracellular proteases in cancer progression is well-known, especially in relation to the promotion of cell invasion through extracellular matrix remodeling. This also occurs by the ability of extracellular proteases to induce the shedding of transmembrane proteins at the plasma membrane surface or within extracellular vesicles. This process results in the regulation of key signaling pathways by the modulation of kinases, e.g., the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Considering their regulatory roles in cancer, therapeutics targeting various extracellular proteases have been discovered. These include the metal-binding agents di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) and di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), which increase c-MET degradation by multiple mechanisms. Both the direct and indirect inhibition of protease expression and activity can be achieved through metal ion depletion. Considering direct mechanisms, chelators can bind zinc(II) that plays a catalytic role in enzyme activity. In terms of indirect mechanisms, Dp44mT and DpC potently suppress the expression of the kallikrein-related peptidase-a prostate-specific antigen-in prostate cancer cells. The mechanism of this activity involves promotion of the degradation of the androgen receptor. Additional suppressive mechanisms of Dp44mT and DpC on matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) relate to their ability to up-regulate the metastasis suppressors N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) and NDRG2, which down-regulate MMPs that are crucial for cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (K.C.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (K.C.P.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (K.C.P.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Singh NK, Kumbhar AA, Pokharel YR, Yadav PN. Anticancer potency of copper(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazones. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Milunović MNM, Palamarciuc O, Sirbu A, Shova S, Dumitrescu D, Dvoranová D, Rapta P, Petrasheuskaya TV, Enyedy EA, Spengler G, Ilic M, Sitte HH, Lubec G, Arion VB. Insight into the Anticancer Activity of Copper(II) 5-Methylenetrimethylammonium-Thiosemicarbazonates and Their Interaction with Organic Cation Transporters. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1213. [PMID: 32825480 PMCID: PMC7565988 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of four water-soluble salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with a positively charged trimethylammonium moiety ([H2LR]Cl, R = H, Me, Et, Ph) and four copper(II) complexes [Cu(HLR)Cl]Cl (1-4) were synthesised with the aim to study (i) their antiproliferative activity in cancer cells and, (ii) for the first time for thiosemicarbazones, the interaction with membrane transport proteins, specifically organic cation transporters OCT1-3. The compounds were comprehensively characterised by analytical, spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-5YSY after 24 h exposure and follows the rank order: 3 > 2 > 4 > cisplatin > 1 >>[H2LR]Cl. The copper(II) complexes showed marked interaction with OCT1-3, comparable to that of well-known OCT inhibitors (decynium 22, prazosin and corticosterone) in the cell-based radiotracer uptake assays. The work paves the way for the development of more potent and selective anticancer drugs and/or OCT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan N. M. Milunović
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleg Palamarciuc
- Department of Chemistry, Moldova State University, A. Mateevici Street 60, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova; (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Sirbu
- Department of Chemistry, Moldova State University, A. Mateevici Street 60, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova; (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, Nr. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Dumitrescu
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Strada Statale 14—km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy;
| | - Dana Dvoranová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Tatsiana V. Petrasheuskaya
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.V.P.); (E.A.E.)
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Eva A. Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.V.P.); (E.A.E.)
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marija Ilic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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46
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Hager S, Pape VFS, Pósa V, Montsch B, Uhlik L, Szakács G, Tóth S, Jabronka N, Keppler BK, Kowol CR, Enyedy ÉA, Heffeter P. High Copper Complex Stability and Slow Reduction Kinetics as Key Parameters for Improved Activity, Paraptosis Induction, and Impact on Drug-Resistant Cells of Anticancer Thiosemicarbazones. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:395-414. [PMID: 32336116 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Due to their significant biological activity, thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are promising candidates for anticancer therapy. In part, the efficacy of TSCs is linked to their ability to chelate essential metal ions such as copper and iron. Triapine, the best-studied anticancer TSC, has been tested clinically with promising results in hematological diseases. During the past few years, a novel subclass of TSCs with improved anticancer activity was found to induce paraptosis, a recently characterized form of cell death. The aim of this study was to identify structural and chemical properties associated with anticancer activity and paraptosis induction of TSCs. Results: When testing a panel of structurally related TSCs, compounds with nanomolar anticancer activity and paraptosis-inducing properties showed higher copper(II) complex solution stability and a slower reduction rate, which resulted in reduced redox activity. In contrast, TSCs with lower anticancer activity induced higher levels of superoxide that rapidly stimulated superoxide dismutase expression in treated cells, effectively protecting the cells from drug-induced redox stress. Innovation: Consequently, we hypothesize that in the case of close Triapine derivatives, intracellular reduction leads to rapid dissociation of intracellularly formed copper complexes. In contrast, TSCs characterized by highly stable, slowly reducible copper(II) complexes are able to reach new intracellular targets such as the endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein disulfide isomerase. Conclusion: The additional modes of actions observed with highly active TSC derivatives are based on intracellular formation of stable copper complexes, offering a new approach to combat (drug-resistant) cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hager
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika F S Pape
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Pósa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Uhlik
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Jabronka
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
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47
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Qi J, Wang X, Liu T, Kandawa-Schulz M, Wang Y, Zheng X. Synthesis, antiproliferative activity and mechanism of copper(II)-thiosemicarbazone complexes as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1768378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Qi
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taichen Liu
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | | | - Yihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
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48
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Shakya B, Yadav PN. Thiosemicarbazones as Potent Anticancer Agents and their Modes of Action. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:638-661. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191029130310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are a class of Schiff bases usually obtained by the condensation of thiosemicarbazide with a suitable aldehyde or ketone. TSCs have been the focus of chemists and biologists due to their wide range of pharmacological effects. One of the promising areas in which these excellent metal chelators are being developed is their use against cancer. TSCs have a wide clinical antitumor spectrum with efficacy in various tumor types such as leukemia, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and bladder cancer. To obtain better activity, different series of TSCs have been developed by modifying the heteroaromatic system in their molecules. These compounds possessed significant antineoplastic activity when the carbonyl attachment of the side chain was located at a position α to the ring nitrogen atom, whereas attachment of the side chain β or γ to the heterocyclic N atom resulted in inactive antitumor agents. In addition, replacement of the heterocyclic ring N with C also resulted in a biologically inactive compound suggesting that a conjugated N,N,S-tridentate donor set is essential for the biological activities of thiosemicarbazones. Several possible mechanisms have been implemented for the anticancer activity of thiosemicarbazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Shakya
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Sahni S, Gillson J, Park KC, Chiang S, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. NDRG1 suppresses basal and hypoxia-induced autophagy at both the initiation and degradation stages and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129625. [PMID: 32335136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is an established stress-response protein. This study investigated the effects of NDRG1 on autophagic degradation and how this can be therapeutically exploited. METHODS Cell culture, western analysis, confocal microscopy, acridine orange staining, cholesterol determination, cellular proliferation assessment and combination index (CI) estimation. RESULTS NDRG1 expression suppressed autophagic degradation and autolysosome formation, measured by increased p62 expression and reduced co-localization between the well-characterized, autophagosomal and lysosomal markers, LC3 and LAMP2, respectively. NDRG1 elicited autophagic suppression at the initiation stage of autophagy. The NDRG1-inducer and anti-cancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), was able to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Over-expression of NDRG1 further sensitized cells to LMP mediated by both Dp44mT, or the redox active Dp44mT‑copper complex. This sensitization may be mediated via a decrease in cholesterol levels upon NDRG1 expression, as cholesterol stabilizes lysosomal membranes. However, the effect of NDRG1 on cholesterol appeared independent of the key energy homeostasis sensor, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whose activation was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by NDRG1. Finally, Dp44mT synergistically potentiated the anti-proliferative activity of Gemcitabine that activates autophagy. In fact, Dp44mT and Gemcitabine (Combination Index (CI): 0.38 ± 0.07) demonstrated higher synergism versus the autophagy inhibitor, Bafilomycin A1 and Gemcitabine (CI: 0.64 ± 0.19). CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, this study demonstrated a dual-inhibitory mechanism of NDRG1 on autophagic activity, and that NDRG1 expression sensitized cells to Dp44mT-induced LMP. Considering the ability of Dp44mT to inhibit autophagy, studies demonstrated the potential of combination therapy for cancer treatment of Dp44mT with Gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Josef Gillson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lionel Yi Wen Leck
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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50
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Carcelli M, Tegoni M, Bartoli J, Marzano C, Pelosi G, Salvalaio M, Rogolino D, Gandin V. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of tridentate thiosemicarbazone copper complexes: Unravelling an unexplored pharmacological target. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112266. [PMID: 32248006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain metal complexes can have a great antitumor activity, as the use of cisplatin in therapy has been demonstrating for the past fifty years. Copper complexes, in particular, have attracted much attention as an example of anticancer compounds based on an endogenous metal. In this paper we present the synthesis and the activity of a series of copper(II) complexes with variously substituted salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone ligands. The in vitro activity of both ligands and copper complexes was assessed on a panel of cell lines (HCT-15, LoVo and LoVo oxaliplatin resistant colon carcinoma, A375 melanoma, BxPC3 and PSN1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma, BCPAP thyroid carcinoma, 2008 ovarian carcinoma, HEK293 non-transformed embryonic kidney), highlighting remarkable activity of the metal complexes, in some cases in the low nanomolar range. The copper(II) complexes were also screened, with good results, against 3D spheroids of colon (HCT-15) and pancreatic (PSN1) cancer cells. Detailed investigations on the mechanism of action of the copper(II) complexes are also reported: they are able to potently inhibit Protein Disulfide Isomerase, a copper-binding protein, that is recently emerging as a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Good preliminary results obtained in C57BL mice indicate that this series of metal-based compounds could be a very promising weapon in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Carcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Jennifer Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Marika Salvalaio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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