1
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Finetti L, Orchard I, Lange AB. The octopamine receptor OAα1 influences oogenesis and reproductive performance in Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296463. [PMID: 38157386 PMCID: PMC10756544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of reproductive processes in Rhodnius prolixus involves a variety of neuroactive chemicals. Among these, several studies have suggested that the biogenic amine octopamine (OA), might play an active role in these processes. Here, we investigate the molecular profile of the R. prolixus α adrenergic-like OA receptor 1 (RpOAα1-R) and its role in egg production. Comparative molecular analyses confirm that the RpOAα1-R gene codes for a true OAα1 receptor. The RpOAα1-R transcript is highly expressed in tissues associated with egg production, and after a blood meal, which is the stimulus for full egg production in R. prolixus, the RpOAα1-R transcript is upregulated in the ovaries and spermatheca. After RNAi-mediated RpOAα1-R knockdown, an ovarian phenotype characterized by slow egg development is observed. Furthermore, an altered egg phenotype has been characterized with eggs that are deformed. Interestingly, there is no evidence of disruption in vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis by the fat body or uptake by the oocytes. On the other hand, RpOAα1-R downregulation is correlated with defective choriogenesis in the eggs. These results provide critical information concerning the role of OAα1-R in oogenesis in R. prolixus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Finetti
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Angela B. Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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2
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Zhang RJ, Rao QR, Jiang XQ, Ye N, Li N, Du HL, Zhang SJ, Ye HY, Wu WS, Zhao M. Exploring the Immunomodulatory Properties of Red Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Skin: Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and Bioactivity Study of Novel Onion Chalcones Targeting the A 2A Adenosine Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37931326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Onions are versatile and nutritious food widely used in various cuisines around the world. In our ongoing pursuit of bioactive substances with health benefits from red onion (Allium cepa L.) skin, a comprehensive chemical investigation was undertaken. Consequently, a total of 44 compounds, including three previously unidentified chalcones (1-3) were extracted from red onion skin. Of these isolates, chalcones 1-4 showed high affinity to A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), and chalcone 2 displayed the best binding affinity to A2AAR, with the IC50 value of 33.5 nM, good A2AAR selectivity against A1AR, A2BAR, and A3AR, and high potency in the cAMP functional assay (IC50 of 913.9 nM). Importantly, the IL-2 bioassay and the cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that chalcone 2 could boost T-cell activation. Furthermore, the binding mechanism of chalcone 2 with hA2AAR was elucidated by molecular docking. This work highlighted that the active chalcones in red onion might have the potential to be developed as A2AAR antagonists used in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ru Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qin Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Ye
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ling Du
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Ye
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shuang Wu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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3
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Goßen J, Ribeiro RP, Bier D, Neumaier B, Carloni P, Giorgetti A, Rossetti G. AI-based identification of therapeutic agents targeting GPCRs: introducing ligand type classifiers and systems biology. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8651-8661. [PMID: 37592985 PMCID: PMC10430665 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02352d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying ligands targeting G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with novel chemotypes other than the physiological ligands is a challenge for in silico screening campaigns. Here we present an approach that identifies novel chemotype ligands by combining structural data with a random forest agonist/antagonist classifier and a signal-transduction kinetic model. As a test case, we apply this approach to identify novel antagonists of the human adenosine transmembrane receptor type 2A, an attractive target against Parkinson's disease and cancer. The identified antagonists were tested here in a radio ligand binding assay. Among those, we found a promising ligand whose chemotype differs significantly from all so-far reported antagonists, with a binding affinity of 310 ± 23.4 nM. Thus, our protocol emerges as a powerful approach to identify promising ligand candidates with novel chemotypes while preserving antagonistic potential and affinity in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Goßen
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Rui Pedro Ribeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Dirk Bier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Kerpener Straße 62 50937 Cologne Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- JARA-Institut Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Aachen (UKA), RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
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4
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Liu S, Ding W, Huang W, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Wu L, Li Y, Qin R, Li J, Shi T, Zhang X, Lei J, Hu W. Discovery of Novel Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyrazin-1-amine-3-amide-one Derivatives as Anticancer Human A 2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8933-8947. [PMID: 35714367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The blockade of A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activates immunostimulatory response through regulating signaling in tumor microenvironment. Thus, A2AAR has been proposed as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. In this work, we designed a new series of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1-amine derivatives bearing an amide substitution at 3-position to obtain potent antitumor antagonist in vivo. The structure-activity relationship studies were performed by molecular modeling and radioactive assay. The in vitro anticancer activities were evaluated by 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) functional and T cell activation assay. The most potent compound 12o·2HCl showed much higher affinity toward A2AAR (Ki = 0.08 nM) and exhibited more significant in vitro immunostimulatory anticancer activity than clinical antagonist AZD4635. More importantly, 12o·2HCl significantly inhibited the growth of triple-negative breast cancer by reversing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the xenograft mouse model without severe toxicity at the testing dose. These results make 12o·2HCl a promising immunotherapy anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiyi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Linna Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yukai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Rui Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Taoda Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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5
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Yau MQ, Loo JSE. Consensus scoring evaluated using the GPCR-Bench dataset: Reconsidering the role of MM/GBSA. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:427-441. [PMID: 35581483 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent availability of large numbers of GPCR crystal structures has provided an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate their performance in virtual screening protocols using established benchmarking datasets. In this study, we evaluated the ability of MM/GBSA in consensus scoring-based virtual screening enrichment together with nine classical scoring functions, using the GPCR-Bench dataset consisting of 24 GPCR crystal structures and 254,646 actives and decoys. While the performance of consensus scoring was modest overall, combinations which included MM/GBSA performed relatively well compared to combinations of classical scoring functions. Combinations of MM/GBSA and good-performing scoring functions provided the highest proportion of improvements, with improvements observed in 32% and 19% of all combinations across all targets at the EF1% and EF5% levels respectively. Combinations of MM/GBSA and poor-performing scoring functions still outperformed classical scoring functions, with improvements observed in 26% and 17% of all combinations at the EF1% and EF5% levels. In comparison, only 14-22% and 6-11% of combinations of classical scoring functions produced improvements at EF1% and EF5% respectively. Efforts to improve performance by increasing the number of scoring functions in consensus scoring to three were mostly ineffective. We also observed that consensus scoring performed better for individual scoring functions possessing initially low enrichment factors, potentially implying their benefits are more relevant in such scenarios. Overall, this study demonstrated the first implementation of MM/GBSA in consensus scoring using the GPCR-Bench dataset and could provide a valuable benchmark of the performance of MM/GBSA in comparison to classical scoring functions in consensus scoring for GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qian Yau
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1 Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jason S E Loo
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. .,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1 Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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6
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Ali DC, Naveed M, Gordon A, Majeed F, Saeed M, Ogbuke MI, Atif M, Zubair HM, Changxing L. β-Adrenergic receptor, an essential target in cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:343-354. [PMID: 31407140 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptors (βARs) belong to a large family of cell surface receptors known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are coupled to Gs protein (Gαs) for the activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) yielding cyclic AMP (CAMP), and this provides valuable responses, which can affect the cardiac function such as injury. The binding of an agonist to βAR enhances conformation changes that lead to the Gαs subtype of heterotrimeric G protein which is the AC stimulatory G protein for activation of CAMP in the cells. However, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported as having an increased rate of death and β1AR, and β2AR are a promising tool that improves the regulatory function in the cardiovascular system (CVS) via signaling. It increases the Gα level, which activates βAR kinase (βARK) that affects and enhances the progression of heart failure (HF) through the activation of cardiomyocyte βARs. We also explained that an increase in GPCR kinases (GRKs) would practically improve the HF pathogenesis and this occurs via the desensitization of βARs, which causes the loss of contractile reserve. The consistency or overstimulation of catecholamines contributes to CVD such as stroke, HF, and cardiac hypertrophy. When there is a decrease in catecholamine responsiveness, it causes aging in old people because the reduction of βAR sensitivity and density in the myocardium enhances downregulation of βARs to AC in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chikere Ali
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Life Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fatima Majeed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 6300, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Michael I Ogbuke
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Changxing
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Hok L, Mavri J, Vianello R. The Effect of Deuteration on the H 2 Receptor Histamine Binding Profile: A Computational Insight into Modified Hydrogen Bonding Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246017. [PMID: 33353215 PMCID: PMC7766521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We used a range of computational techniques to reveal an increased histamine affinity for its H2 receptor upon deuteration, which was interpreted through altered hydrogen bonding interactions within the receptor and the aqueous environment preceding the binding. Molecular docking identified the area between third and fifth transmembrane α-helices as the likely binding pocket for several histamine poses, with the most favorable binding energy of −7.4 kcal mol−1 closely matching the experimental value of −5.9 kcal mol−1. The subsequent molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA analysis recognized Asp98 as the most dominant residue, accounting for 40% of the total binding energy, established through a persistent hydrogen bonding with the histamine −NH3+ group, the latter further held in place through the N–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonding with Tyr250. Unlike earlier literature proposals, the important role of Thr190 is not evident in hydrogen bonds through its −OH group, but rather in the C–H∙∙∙π contacts with the imidazole ring, while its former moiety is constantly engaged in the hydrogen bonding with Asp186. Lastly, quantum-chemical calculations within the receptor cluster model and utilizing the empirical quantization of the ionizable X–H bonds (X = N, O, S), supported the deuteration-induced affinity increase, with the calculated difference in the binding free energy of −0.85 kcal mol−1, being in excellent agreement with an experimental value of −0.75 kcal mol−1, thus confirming the relevance of hydrogen bonding for the H2 receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Hok
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Janez Mavri
- Laboratory for Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Robert Vianello
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Nielsen CDT, Dhasmana D, Floresta G, Wohland T, Cilibrizzi A. Illuminating the Path to Target GPCR Structures and Functions. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3783-3795. [PMID: 32956586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
G-Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitous within eukaryotes, responsible for a wide array of physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, the fact that they are the most drugged target in the human genome is indicative of their importance. Despite the clear interest in GPCRs, most information regarding their activity has been so far obtained by analyzing the response from a "bulk medium". As such, this Perspective summarizes some of the common methods for this indirect observation. Nonetheless, by inspecting approaches applying super-resolution imaging, we argue that imaging is perfectly situated to obtain more detailed structural and spatial information, assisting in the development of new GPCR-targeted drugs and clinical strategies. The benefits of direct optical visualization of GPCRs are analyzed in the context of potential future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D-T Nielsen
- Imperial College London, White City Campus, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Divya Dhasmana
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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9
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Jespers W, Verdon G, Azuaje J, Majellaro M, Keränen H, García‐Mera X, Congreve M, Deflorian F, de Graaf C, Zhukov A, Doré AS, Mason JS, Åqvist J, Cooke RM, Sotelo E, Gutiérrez‐de‐Terán H. X-Ray Crystallography and Free Energy Calculations Reveal the Binding Mechanism of A 2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16536-16543. [PMID: 32542862 PMCID: PMC7540567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust protocol based on iterations of free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations, chemical synthesis, biophysical mapping and X-ray crystallography to reveal the binding mode of an antagonist series to the A2A adenosine receptor (AR). Eight A2A AR binding site mutations from biophysical mapping experiments were initially analyzed with sidechain FEP simulations, performed on alternate binding modes. The results distinctively supported one binding mode, which was subsequently used to design new chromone derivatives. Their affinities for the A2A AR were experimentally determined and investigated through a cycle of ligand-FEP calculations, validating the binding orientation of the different chemical substituents proposed. Subsequent X-ray crystallography of the A2A AR with a low and a high affinity chromone derivative confirmed the predicted binding orientation. The new molecules and structures here reported were driven by free energy calculations, and provide new insights on antagonist binding to the A2A AR, an emerging target in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Jespers
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical CenterBox 596UppsalaSweden
| | - Grégory Verdon
- Sosei HeptaresSteinmetz Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6DGUK
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Henrik Keränen
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical CenterBox 596UppsalaSweden
- Present address: H. Lundbeck A/SOttiliavej 92500ValbyDenmark
| | - Xerardo García‐Mera
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Miles Congreve
- Sosei HeptaresSteinmetz Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6DGUK
| | | | - Chris de Graaf
- Sosei HeptaresSteinmetz Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6DGUK
| | - Andrei Zhukov
- Sosei HeptaresSteinmetz Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6DGUK
| | - Andrew S. Doré
- Sosei HeptaresSteinmetz Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6DGUK
| | - Jonathan S. Mason
- Sosei HeptaresSteinmetz Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6DGUK
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical CenterBox 596UppsalaSweden
| | - Robert M. Cooke
- Sosei HeptaresSteinmetz Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6DGUK
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez‐de‐Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical CenterBox 596UppsalaSweden
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10
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Benchmarking the performance of MM/PBSA in virtual screening enrichment using the GPCR-Bench dataset. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:1133-1145. [PMID: 32851579 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) crystallography and the subsequent increase in number of solved GPCR structures has allowed for the unprecedented opportunity to utilize their experimental structures for structure-based drug discovery applications. As virtual screening represents one of the primary computational methods used for the discovery of novel leads, the GPCR-Bench dataset was created to facilitate comparison among various virtual screening protocols. In this study, we have benchmarked the performance of Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) in improving virtual screening enrichment in comparison to docking with Glide, using the entire GPCR-Bench dataset of 24 GPCR targets and 254,646 actives and decoys. Reranking the top 10% of the docked dataset using MM/PBSA resulted in improvements for six targets at EF1% and nine targets at EF5%, with the gains in enrichment being more pronounced at the EF1% level. We additionally assessed the utility of rescoring the top ten poses from docking and the ability of short MD simulations to refine the binding poses prior to MM/PBSA calculations. There was no clear trend of the benefit observed in both cases, suggesting that utilizing a single energy minimized structure for MM/PBSA calculations may be the most computationally efficient approach in virtual screening. Overall, the performance of MM/PBSA rescoring in improving virtual screening enrichment obtained from docking of the GPCR-Bench dataset was found to be relatively modest and target-specific, highlighting the need for validation of MM/PBSA-based protocols prior to prospective use.
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11
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Jespers W, Verdon G, Azuaje J, Majellaro M, Keränen H, García‐Mera X, Congreve M, Deflorian F, Graaf C, Zhukov A, Doré AS, Mason JS, Åqvist J, Cooke RM, Sotelo E, Gutiérrez‐de‐Terán H. X‐Ray Crystallography and Free Energy Calculations Reveal the Binding Mechanism of A
2A
Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willem Jespers
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical Center Box 596 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Grégory Verdon
- Sosei Heptares Steinmetz Granta Park, Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6DG UK
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Henrik Keränen
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical Center Box 596 Uppsala Sweden
- Present address: H. Lundbeck A/S Ottiliavej 9 2500 Valby Denmark
| | - Xerardo García‐Mera
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Miles Congreve
- Sosei Heptares Steinmetz Granta Park, Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6DG UK
| | | | - Chris Graaf
- Sosei Heptares Steinmetz Granta Park, Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6DG UK
| | - Andrei Zhukov
- Sosei Heptares Steinmetz Granta Park, Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6DG UK
| | - Andrew S. Doré
- Sosei Heptares Steinmetz Granta Park, Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6DG UK
| | - Jonathan S. Mason
- Sosei Heptares Steinmetz Granta Park, Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6DG UK
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical Center Box 596 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Robert M. Cooke
- Sosei Heptares Steinmetz Granta Park, Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6DG UK
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Departament of Organic ChemistryFaculty of FarmacyUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez‐de‐Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala University, BMC, Biomedical Center Box 596 Uppsala Sweden
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12
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Saikia S, Bordoloi M, Sarmah R. Established and In-trial GPCR Families in Clinical Trials: A Review for Target Selection. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:522-539. [PMID: 30394207 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181105152439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The largest family of drug targets in clinical trials constitute of GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) which accounts for about 34% of FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved drugs acting on 108 unique GPCRs. Factors such as readily identifiable conserved motif in structures, 127 orphan GPCRs despite various de-orphaning techniques, directed functional antibodies for validation as drug targets, etc. has widened their therapeutic windows. The availability of 44 crystal structures of unique receptors, unexplored non-olfactory GPCRs (encoded by 50% of the human genome) and 205 ligand receptor complexes now present a strong foundation for structure-based drug discovery and design. The growing impact of polypharmacology for complex diseases like schizophrenia, cancer etc. warrants the need for novel targets and considering the undiscriminating and selectivity of GPCRs, they can fulfill this purpose. Again, natural genetic variations within the human genome sometimes delude the therapeutic expectations of some drugs, resulting in medication response differences and ADRs (adverse drug reactions). Around ~30 billion US dollars are dumped annually for poor accounting of ADRs in the US alone. To curb such undesirable reactions, the knowledge of established and currently in clinical trials GPCRs families can offer huge understanding towards the drug designing prospects including "off-target" effects reducing economical resource and time. The druggability of GPCR protein families and critical roles played by them in complex diseases are explained. Class A, class B1, class C and class F are generally established family and GPCRs in phase I (19%), phase II(29%), phase III(52%) studies are also reviewed. From the phase I studies, frizzled receptors accounted for the highest in trial targets, neuropeptides in phase II and melanocortin in phase III studies. Also, the bioapplications for nanoparticles along with future prospects for both nanomedicine and GPCR drug industry are discussed. Further, the use of computational techniques and methods employed for different target validations are also reviewed along with their future potential for the GPCR based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surovi Saikia
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
| | - Rajeev Sarmah
- Allied Health Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
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13
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Insights into adenosine A2A receptor activation through cooperative modulation of agonist and allosteric lipid interactions. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007818. [PMID: 32298258 PMCID: PMC7188303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation process of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been extensively studied, both experimentally and computationally. In particular, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have proven useful in exploring GPCR conformational space. The typical behaviour of class A GPCRs, when subjected to unbiased MD simulations from their crystallized inactive state, is to fluctuate between inactive and intermediate(s) conformations, even with bound agonist. Fully active conformation(s) are rarely stabilized unless a G protein is also bound. Despite several crystal structures of the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) having been resolved in complex with co-crystallized agonists and Gs protein, its agonist-mediated activation process is still not completely understood. In order to thoroughly examine the conformational landscape of A2aR activation, we performed unbiased microsecond-length MD simulations in quadruplicate, starting from the inactive conformation either in apo or with bound agonists: endogenous adenosine or synthetic NECA, embedded in two homogeneous phospholipid membranes: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoglycerol (DOPG) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). In DOPC with bound adenosine or NECA, we observe transition to an intermediate receptor conformation consistent with the known adenosine-bound crystal state. In apo state in DOPG, two different intermediate conformations are obtained. One is similar to that observed with bound adenosine in DOPC, while the other is closer to the active state but not yet fully active. Exclusively, in DOPG with bound adenosine or NECA, we reproducibly identify receptor conformations with fully active features, which are able to dock Gs protein. These different receptor conformations can be attributed to the action/absence of agonist and phospholipid-mediated allosteric effects on the intracellular side of the receptor.
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14
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Fischer O, Hofmann J, Rampp H, Kaindl J, Pratsch G, Bartuschat A, Taudte RV, Fromm MF, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Heinrich MR. Regiospecific Introduction of Halogens on the 2-Aminobiphenyl Subunit Leading to Highly Potent and Selective M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonists and Weak Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4349-4369. [PMID: 32202101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists and inverse agonists displaying high affinity and subtype selectivity over the antitarget M2 are valuable pharmacological tools and may enable improved treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or urinary incontinence. On the basis of known M3 antagonists comprising a piperidine or quinuclidine unit attached to a biphenyl carbamate, 5-fluoro substitution was responsible for M3 subtype selectivity over M2, while 3'-chloro substitution substantially increased affinity through a σ-hole interaction. Resultantly, two piperidinyl- and two quinuclidinium-substituted biphenyl carbamates OFH243 (13n), OFH244 (13m), OFH3911 (14n), and OFH3912 (14m) were discovered, which display two-digit picomolar affinities with Ki values from 0.069 to 0.084 nM, as well as high selectivity over the M2 subtype (46- to 68-fold). While weak inverse agonistic properties were determined for the biphenyl carbamates 13m and 13n, neutral antagonism was observed for 14m and 14n and tiotropium under identical assay conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Josefa Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Rampp
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Kaindl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerald Pratsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amelie Bartuschat
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Verena Taudte
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Relevance of Hydrogen Bonds for the Histamine H2 Receptor-Ligand Interactions: A Lesson from Deuteration. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020196. [PMID: 32013143 PMCID: PMC7072573 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the implicit quantization of the acidic N–H and O–H bonds to assess the effect of deuteration on the binding of agonists (2-methylhistamine and 4-methylhistamine) and antagonists (cimetidine and famotidine) to the histamine H2 receptor. The results show that deuteration significantly increases the affinity for 4-methylhistamine and reduces it for 2-methylhistamine, while leaving it unchanged for both antagonists, which is found in excellent agreement with experiments. The revealed trends are interpreted in the light of the altered strength of the hydrogen bonding upon deuteration, known as the Ubbelohde effect, which affects ligand interactions with both active sites residues and solvent molecules preceding the binding, thus providing strong evidence for the relevance of hydrogen bonding for this process. In addition, computations further underline an important role of the Tyr250 residue for the binding. The obtained insight is relevant for the therapy in the context of (per)deuterated drugs that are expected to enter therapeutic practice in the near future, while this approach may contribute towards understanding receptor activation and its discrimination between agonists and antagonists.
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16
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Ferraro M, Decherchi S, De Simone A, Recanatini M, Cavalli A, Bottegoni G. Multi-target dopamine D3 receptor modulators: Actionable knowledge for drug design from molecular dynamics and machine learning. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111975. [PMID: 31940507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Local changes in the structure of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) binders largely affect their pharmacological profile. While the sought efficacy can be empirically obtained by introducing local modifications, the underlining structural explanation can remain elusive. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the eticlopride-bound inactive state of the Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3DR) have been clustered using a machine learning-based approach in the attempt to rationalize the efficacy change in four congeneric modulators. Accumulating extended MD trajectories of receptor-ligand complexes, we observed how the increase in ligand flexibility progressively destabilized the crystal structure of the inactivated receptor. To prospectively validate this model, a partial agonist was rationally designed based on structural insights and computational modeling, and eventually synthesized and tested. Results turned out to be in line with the predictions. This case study suggests that the investigation of ligand flexibility in the framework of extended MD simulations can assist and inform drug design strategies, highlighting its potential role as a powerful in silico counterpart to functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Ferraro
- Istituto di Chimica Del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (ICRM-CNR), Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sergio Decherchi
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessio De Simone
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd, Bio City, Pennyfoot St, Nottingham NG1 1GR, United Kingdom.
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy; Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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17
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Li J, Chen L, Yan L, Gu Z, Chen Z, Zhang A, Zhao F. A Novel Drug Design Strategy: An Inspiration from Encaging Tumor by Metallofullerenol Gd@C 82(OH) 22. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132387. [PMID: 31252662 PMCID: PMC6650816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major threat to human health worldwide. Cytotoxicity has imposed restrictions on the conventional cytotoxic drug-based chemotherapy. The rapidly-developing nanomedicine has shown great promise in revolutionizing chemotherapy with improved efficiency and reduced toxicity. Gd@C82(OH)22, a novel endohedral metallofullerenol, was first reported by our research group to suppress tumor growth and metastasis efficiently without obvious toxicity. Gd@C82(OH)22 imprisons tumors by facilitating the formation of surrounding fibrous layers which is different from chemotherapeutics that poison tumor cells. In this review, the authors first reported the antineoplastic activity of metallofullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22 followed by further discussions on its new anti-cancer molecular mechanism—tumor encaging. On this basis, the unparalleled advantages of nanomedicine in the future drug design are discussed. The unique interaction modes of Gd@C82(OH)22 with specific targeted biomolecules may shed light on a new avenue for drug design. Depending on the surface characteristics of target biomolecules, nanomedicine, just like a transformable and dynamic key, can self-assemble into suitable shapes to match several locks for the thermodynamic stability, suggesting the target-tailoring ability of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaofang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Zhang BS, Li Y, Zhang Z, An Y, Wen YH, Gou XY, Quan SQ, Wang XG, Liang YM. Synthesis of C4-Aminated Indoles via a Catellani and Retro-Diels–Alder Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9731-9738. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Hua Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Si-Qi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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19
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Chemoselective Acylation of Hydrazinopeptides to Access Fluorescent Probes for Time-Resolved FRET Assays on GPCRs. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30969414 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9121-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Fluorescence techniques represent a powerful tool to investigate dynamic and functional architecture of GPCRs. Thus, fluorescent GPCR ligands have found various applications in cellular imaging, in the development of binding assays as replacements for radioligands in the study of ligand-receptor but also in receptor-receptor interactions at the cell surface or in native tissues. To extend the applicability of these techniques, the design and the synthesis of fluorescent probes are critical steps. As there are numerous peptide receptors in the GPCR family, fluorescent peptide-based probes are of importance. Herein, we present a convenient method to facilitate the solution-phase fluorescent labeling of peptides which is based on the chemoselective acylation of α-hydrazinopeptides. This approach combines the advantages to use commercially available amine-reactive dyes and very mild conditions that are fully compatible with the chemical sensitivity of the dyes. It gives a rapid access to fluorescent peptidic probes compatible with the time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) techniques.
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20
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Behrens M, Briand L, de March CA, Matsunami H, Yamashita A, Meyerhof W, Weyand S. Structure-Function Relationships of Olfactory and Taste Receptors. Chem Senses 2019; 43:81-87. [PMID: 29342245 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of chemical senses has made major progress in understanding the cellular mechanisms of olfaction and taste in the past 2 decades. However, the molecular understanding of odor and taste recognition is still lagging far behind and will require solving multiple structures of the relevant full-length receptors in complex with native ligands to achieve this goal. However, the development of multiple complimentary strategies for the structure determination of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) makes this goal realistic. The common conundrum of how multi-specific receptors that recognize a large number of different ligands results in a sensory perception in the brain will only be fully understood by a combination of high-resolution receptor structures and functional studies. This review discusses the first steps on this pathway, including biochemical and physiological assays, forward genetics approaches, molecular modeling, and the first steps towards the structural biology of olfactory and taste receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Behrens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Loïc Briand
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. de Bourgogne- Franche-Comté, France
| | - Claire A de March
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Hiroaki Matsunami
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Atsuko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Meyerhof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Simone Weyand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
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21
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Lyu J, Wang S, Balius TE, Singh I, Levit A, Moroz YS, O'Meara MJ, Che T, Algaa E, Tolmachova K, Tolmachev AA, Shoichet BK, Roth BL, Irwin JJ. Ultra-large library docking for discovering new chemotypes. Nature 2019; 566:224-229. [PMID: 30728502 PMCID: PMC6383769 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense interest in expanding chemical space, libraries containing hundreds-of-millions to billions of diverse molecules have remained inaccessible. Here we investigate structure-based docking of 170 million make-on-demand compounds from 130 well-characterized reactions. The resulting library is diverse, representing over 10.7 million scaffolds that are otherwise unavailable. For each compound in the library, docking against AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC) and the D4 dopamine receptor were simulated. From the top-ranking molecules, 44 and 549 compounds were synthesized and tested for interactions with AmpC and the D4 dopamine receptor, respectively. We found a phenolate inhibitor of AmpC, which revealed a group of inhibitors without known precedent. This molecule was optimized to 77 nM, which places it among the most potent non-covalent AmpC inhibitors known. Crystal structures of this and other AmpC inhibitors confirmed the docking predictions. Against the D4 dopamine receptor, hit rates fell almost monotonically with docking score, and a hit-rate versus score curve predicted that the library contained 453,000 ligands for the D4 dopamine receptor. Of 81 new chemotypes discovered, 30 showed submicromolar activity, including a 180-pM subtype-selective agonist of the D4 dopamine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trent E Balius
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anat Levit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- National Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev, Kiev, Ukraine
- Chemspace, Riga, Latvia
| | - Matthew J O'Meara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Enkhjargal Algaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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22
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Kaczor AA, Bartuzi D, Stępniewski TM, Matosiuk D, Selent J. Protein-Protein Docking in Drug Design and Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1762:285-305. [PMID: 29594778 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7756-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are responsible for a number of key physiological processes in the living cells and underlie the pathomechanism of many diseases. Nowadays, along with the concept of so-called "hot spots" in protein-protein interactions, which are well-defined interface regions responsible for most of the binding energy, these interfaces can be targeted with modulators. In order to apply structure-based design techniques to design PPIs modulators, a three-dimensional structure of protein complex has to be available. In this context in silico approaches, in particular protein-protein docking, are a valuable complement to experimental methods for elucidating 3D structure of protein complexes. Protein-protein docking is easy to use and does not require significant computer resources and time (in contrast to molecular dynamics) and it results in 3D structure of a protein complex (in contrast to sequence-based methods of predicting binding interfaces). However, protein-protein docking cannot address all the aspects of protein dynamics, in particular the global conformational changes during protein complex formation. In spite of this fact, protein-protein docking is widely used to model complexes of water-soluble proteins and less commonly to predict structures of transmembrane protein assemblies, including dimers and oligomers of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this chapter we review the principles of protein-protein docking, available algorithms and software and discuss the recent examples, benefits, and drawbacks of protein-protein docking application to water-soluble proteins, membrane anchoring and transmembrane proteins, including GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Damian Bartuzi
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciej Stępniewski
- GPCR Drug Discovery Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jana Selent
- GPCR Drug Discovery Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Hou X, Rooklin D, Yang D, Liang X, Li K, Lu J, Wang C, Xiao P, Zhang Y, Sun JP, Fang H. Computational Strategy for Bound State Structure Prediction in Structure-Based Virtual Screening: A Case Study of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type O Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:2331-2342. [PMID: 30299094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurate protein structure in the ligand-bound state is a prerequisite for successful structure-based virtual screening (SBVS). Therefore, applications of SBVS against targets for which only an apo structure is available may be severely limited. To address this constraint, we developed a computational strategy to explore the ligand-bound state of a target protein, by combined use of molecular dynamics simulation, MM/GBSA binding energy calculation, and fragment-centric topographical mapping. Our computational strategy is validated against low-molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) and then successfully employed in the SBVS against protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO), a potential therapeutic target for various diseases. The most potent hit compound GP03 showed an IC50 value of 2.89 μM for PTPRO and possessed a certain degree of selectivity toward other protein phosphatases. Importantly, we also found that neglecting the ligand energy penalty upon binding partially accounts for the false positive SBVS hits. The preliminary structure-activity relationships of GP03 analogs are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China.,Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - David Rooklin
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Duxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Jianing Lu
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry , New York University-Shanghai , Shanghai 200122 , China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
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24
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Yenjai S, Kumar CV, Kuno M, Liwporncharoenvong T, Samosorn S, Buranaprapuk A. Tuning the chain length of new pyrene derivatives for site-selective photocleavage of avidin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2018; 186:23-30. [PMID: 29990670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of photoreagents with systematic modifications of their structures can provide valuable information for a better understanding of the protein photocleavage mechanism by these reagents. Variation of the length of the linker connecting the photoactive moiety with the protein anchoring-group allowed us to investigate the control of the protein photocleavage site. A series of new photochemical reagents (PMA-1A, PMA-2A and PMA-3A) with increasing chain lengths is examined in the current study. Using avidin as a model system, we examined the interaction of these probes by UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopic methods, photocleavage and computational docking studies. Hypochromism of the absorption spectrum was observed for the binding of these new photochemical reagents with estimated binding constants (Kb) of 6.2 × 105, 6.7 × 105 and 4.6 × 105 M-1, respectively. No significant changes of Stern-Volmer quenching constant (Ksv) with Co(NH3)6Cl3 has been noted and the data indicated that the probes bind near the surface of the protein with sufficient exposure to the solvent. Photoexcitation of the probe-avidin complex, in the presence of Co(NH3)6Cl3, resulted in protein fragmentation, and the cleavage yield decreased with the increase in the linker length, and paralleled with the observed Ksv values. Amino acid sequencing of the photofragments indicated that avidin is cleaved between Thr77 and Val78, as a major cleavage site for all the three photoreagents. This site is proximate to the biotin binding site on avidin, and molecular docking studies indicated that the H-bonding interactions between the polar end-group of the photoreagents and hydrophilic amino acids of avidin were important in positioning the reagent on the protein. The major cleavage site, at residues 77-78, was within 5 Å of the pyrenyl moiety of the probe, and hence, molecular tuning of the linker provided a simple approach to position the photoreagent along the potential photocleavage site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Yenjai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Challa V Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, 55 N. Eagleville Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA
| | - Mayuso Kuno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | | | - Siritron Samosorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Apinya Buranaprapuk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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25
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Wang C, Xu P, Zhang L, Huang J, Zhu K, Luo C. Current Strategies and Applications for Precision Drug Design. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:787. [PMID: 30072901 PMCID: PMC6060444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Human Genome Project (HGP) revealed the heterogeneity of individuals, precision medicine that proposes the customized healthcare has become an intractable and hot research. Meanwhile, as the Precision Medicine Initiative launched, precision drug design which aims at maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing undesired side effects for an individual patient has entered a new stage. One of the key strategies of precision drug design is target based drug design. Once a key pathogenic target is identified, rational drug design which constitutes the major part of precision drug design can be performed. Examples of rational drug design on novel druggable targets and protein-protein interaction surfaces are summarized in this review. Besides, various kinds of computational modeling and simulation approaches increasingly benefit for the drug discovery progress. Molecular dynamic simulation, drug target prediction and in silico clinical trials are discussed. Moreover, due to the powerful ability in handling high-dimensional data and complex system, deep learning has efficiently promoted the applications of artificial intelligence in drug discovery and design. In this review, deep learning methods that tailor to precision drug design are carefully discussed. When a drug molecule is discovered, the development of specific targeted drug delivery system becomes another key aspect of precision drug design. Therefore, state-of-the-art techniques of drug delivery system including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and ligand-targeted conjugates are also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Cao HH, Nakatsuka N, Deshayes S, Abendroth JM, Yang H, Weiss PS, Kasko AM, Andrews AM. Small-Molecule Patterning via Prefunctionalized Alkanethiols. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:4017-4030. [PMID: 30828130 PMCID: PMC6393937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between small molecules and biomolecules are important physiologically and for biosensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. To investigate these interactions, small molecules can be tethered to substrates through standard coupling chemistries. While convenient, these approaches co-opt one or more of the few small-molecule functional groups needed for biorecognition. Moreover, for multiplexing, individual probes require different surface functionalization chemistries, conditions, and/or protection/deprotection strategies. Thus, when placing multiple small-molecules on surfaces, orthogonal chemistries are needed that preserve all functional groups and are sequentially compatible. Here, we approach high-fidelity small-molecule patterning by coupling small-molecule neurotransmitter precursors, as examples, to monodisperse asymmetric oligo(ethylene glycol)alkanethiols during synthesis and prior to self-assembly on Au substrates. We use chemical lift-off lithography to singly and doubly pattern substrates. Selective antibody recognition of pre-functionalized thiols was comparable to or better than recognition of small molecules functionalized to alkanethiols after surface assembly. These findings demonstrate that synthesis and patterning approaches that circumvent sequential surface conjugation chemistries enable biomolecule recognition and afford gateways to multiplexed small-molecule functionalized substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan H. Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Stephanie Deshayes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - John M. Abendroth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel
Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for
Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors, , or
| | - Andrea M. Kasko
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors, , or
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel
Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for
Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors, , or
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27
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Kim M, Cho AE. Incorporating QM and solvation into docking for applications to GPCR targets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:28281-28289. [PMID: 27711562 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A great number of GPCR crystal structures have been solved in recent years, enabling GPCR-targeted drug discovery using structure-based approaches such as docking. GPCRs generally have wide and open entrances to the binding sites, which render the binding sites readily accessible to solvent. GPCRs are also populated with hydrophilic residues in the extracellular regions. Thus, including solvent and polarization effects can be important for accurate GPCR docking. To test this hypothesis, a new docking protocol which incorporates quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations along with an implicit solvent model is developed. The new docking method treats the ligands and the protein residues in the binding sites as QM regions and performs QM/MM calculations with implicit solvent. The results of a test on all solved GPCR cocrystals show a significant improvement over the conventional docking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsup Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Korea.
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Korea.
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28
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Liang T, Yuan Y, Wang R, Guo Y, Li M, Pu X, Li C. Structural Features and Ligand Selectivity for 10 Intermediates in the Activation Process of β 2-Adrenergic Receptor. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8557-8567. [PMID: 30023586 PMCID: PMC6045391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has already been suggested by researchers that there should be multiple intermediate states in the activation process for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the intermediate states are very short-lived and hardly captured by the experiments, leading to very limited understanding of their structural features and drug efficacies. In this work, a novel joint strategy of targeted molecular dynamics simulation, conventional molecular dynamics simulation, and virtual screening is developed to address the problems. The results from 10 intermediate conformations obtained from the work reveal that the ligand pocket is very unstable and fluctuates between the inactive state and the active one in the case of ligand-free, in particular for ECL2 as a gate-keeper of the ligand-binding. The ligand-binding site could be stable in the active state with a small volume and a completely closed ECL2, only when the G-protein-binding region is fully activated. In addition, the activations of the ligand-binding pocket and G-protein-binding site are relatively independent and exhibit a loose allosteric coupling, which contributes to the existence of multiple intermediate conformations. Interestingly, the screening performance of the agonists does not increase on increasing the overall activity of the intermediate state, but is dependent on the activated extent of the ligand pocket. The receptor is prone to bind the agonist when closing ECL2 and reducing the ligand-binding pocket volume, whereas it is more favorable for binding the antagonist when opening ECL2 and increasing the pocket volume. These observations added to previous studies could help us better understand the activation mechanism of GPCRs and provide valuable information for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- College
of Chemistry and College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Jiuyanqiao Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College
of Management, Southwest University for
Nationalities, No. 16 South Section 4, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Ran Wang
- College
of Chemistry and College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Jiuyanqiao Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- College
of Chemistry and College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Jiuyanqiao Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Menglong Li
- College
of Chemistry and College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Jiuyanqiao Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College
of Chemistry and College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Jiuyanqiao Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Chuan Li
- College
of Chemistry and College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Jiuyanqiao Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic
of China
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29
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PeaTAR1B: Characterization of a Second Type 1 Tyramine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112279. [PMID: 29084141 PMCID: PMC5713249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine regulate important physiological functions in vertebrates. In insects; these neuroactive substances are functionally replaced by the phenolamines octopamine and tyramine. Phenolamines activate specific guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Type 1 tyramine receptors are better activated by tyramine than by octopamine. In contrast; type 2 tyramine receptors are almost exclusively activated by tyramine. Functionally; activation of type 1 tyramine receptors leads to a decrease in the intracellular concentration of cAMP ([cAMP]i) whereas type 2 tyramine receptors can mediate Ca2+ signals or both Ca2+ signals and effects on [cAMP]i. Here; we report that the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) expresses a second type 1 tyramine receptor (PeaTAR1B) in addition to PeaTAR1A (previously called PeaTYR1). When heterologously expressed in flpTM cells; activation of PeaTAR1B by tyramine leads to a concentration-dependent decrease in [cAMP]i. Its activity can be blocked by a series of established antagonists. The functional characterization of two type 1 tyramine receptors from P. americana; PeaTAR1A and PeaTAR1B; which respond to tyramine by changing cAMP levels; is a major step towards understanding the actions of tyramine in cockroach physiology and behavior; particularly in comparison to the effects of octopamine.
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30
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Fluorinated Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists Inspired by Preladenant as Potential Cancer Immunotherapeutics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:4852537. [PMID: 29201461 PMCID: PMC5671725 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4852537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antagonism of the adenosine A2A receptor on T cells blocks the hypoxia-adenosinergic pathway to promote tumor rejection. Using an in vivo immunoassay based on the Concanavalin A mouse model, a series of A2A antagonists were studied and identified preladenant as a potent lead compound for development. Molecular modeling was employed to assist drug design and subsequent synthesis of analogs and those of tozadenant, including fluorinated polyethylene glycol PEGylated derivatives. The efficacy of the analogs was evaluated using two in vitro functional bioassays, and compound 29, a fluorinated triethylene glycol derivative of preladenant, was confirmed as a potential immunotherapeutic agent.
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31
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Czerwiński P, Michalak M. NHC-Cu(I)-Catalyzed Friedländer-Type Annulation of Fluorinated o-Aminophenones with Alkynes on Water: Competitive Base-Catalyzed Dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine Formation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7980-7997. [PMID: 28686022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, easily scalable synthesis of 4-trifluoromethylquinolines and naphthydrines (as well as their difluoro- and perfluoro-analogues) as a result of tandem direct catalytic alkynylation/dehydrative condensation of o-aminofluoromethylketones (o-FMKs), for the first time catalyzed by NHC-copper(I) complexes on water, is reported. A wide range of terminal alkynes is tolerated under the reaction conditions, including β-lactam-, steroid-, and sugar-derived ones, leading to desired quinolines and naphthydrines with good yields. Further investigations proved that o-FMKs could be efficiently transformed into a rare class of heterocyclic compounds-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines-by a base-catalyzed condensation, also on water. The developed method was applied for gram-scale synthesis of a fluorinated analogue of G protein-coupled receptor antagonist (GPR91).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Czerwiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Strege A, Carpenter B, Edwards PC, Tate CG. Strategy for the Thermostabilization of an Agonist-Bound GPCR Coupled to a G Protein. Methods Enzymol 2017; 594:243-264. [PMID: 28779842 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Structure determination of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the inactive state bound to high-affinity antagonists has been very successful through the implementation of a number of protein engineering and crystallization strategies. However, the structure determination of GPCRs in their fully active state coupled to a G protein is still very challenging. Recently, mini-G proteins were developed, which recapitulate the coupling of a full heterotrimeric G protein to a GPCR despite being less than one-third of the size. This allowed the structure determination of the agonist-bound adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) coupled to mini-Gs. Although this is extremely encouraging, A2AR is very stable compared with many other GPCRs, particularly when an agonist is bound. In contrast, the agonist-bound conformation of the human corticotropin-releasing factor receptor is considerably less stable, impeding the formation of good quality crystals for structure determination. We have therefore developed a novel strategy for the thermostabilization of a GPCR-mini-G protein complex. In this chapter, we will describe the theoretical and practical principles of the thermostability assay for stabilizing this complex, discuss its strengths and weaknesses, and show some typical results from the thermostabilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Strege
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Byron Carpenter
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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33
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Opportunities for therapeutic antibodies directed at G-protein-coupled receptors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:787-810. [PMID: 28706220 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated by a diverse range of ligands, from large proteins and proteases to small peptides, metabolites, neurotransmitters and ions. They are expressed on all cells in the body and have key roles in physiology and homeostasis. As such, GPCRs are one of the most important target classes for therapeutic drug discovery. The development of drugs targeting GPCRs has therapeutic value across a wide range of diseases, including cancer, immune and inflammatory disorders as well as neurological and metabolic diseases. The progress made by targeting GPCRs with antibody-based therapeutics, as well as technical hurdles to overcome, are presented and discussed in this Review. Antibody therapeutics targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4), CCR5 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are used as illustrative clinical case studies.
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34
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Identification of Histamine H 3 Receptor Ligands Using a New Crystal Structure Fragment-based Method. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4829. [PMID: 28684785 PMCID: PMC5500575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening offers an efficient alternative to high-throughput screening in the identification of pharmacological tools and lead compounds. Virtual screening is typically based on the matching of target structures or ligand pharmacophores to commercial or in-house compound catalogues. This study provides the first proof-of-concept for our recently reported method where pharmacophores are instead constructed based on the inference of residue-ligand fragments from crystal structures. We demonstrate its unique utility for G protein-coupled receptors, which represent the largest families of human membrane proteins and drug targets. We identified five neutral antagonists and one inverse agonist for the histamine H3 receptor with potencies of 0.7-8.5 μM in a recombinant receptor cell-based inositol phosphate accumulation assay and validated their activity using a radioligand competition binding assay. H3 receptor antagonism is of large therapeutic value and our ligands could serve as starting points for further lead optimisation. The six ligands exhibit four chemical scaffolds, whereof three have high novelty in comparison to the known H3 receptor ligands in the ChEMBL database. The complete pharmacophore fragment library is freely available through the GPCR database, GPCRdb, allowing the successful application herein to be repeated for most of the 285 class A GPCR targets. The method could also easily be adapted to other protein families.
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Spyrakis F, Ahmed MH, Bayden AS, Cozzini P, Mozzarelli A, Kellogg GE. The Roles of Water in the Protein Matrix: A Largely Untapped Resource for Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6781-6827. [PMID: 28475332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The value of thoroughly understanding the thermodynamics specific to a drug discovery/design study is well known. Over the past decade, the crucial roles of water molecules in protein structure, function, and dynamics have also become increasingly appreciated. This Perspective explores water in the biological environment by adopting its point of view in such phenomena. The prevailing thermodynamic models of the past, where water was seen largely in terms of an entropic gain after its displacement by a ligand, are now known to be much too simplistic. We adopt a set of terminology that describes water molecules as being "hot" and "cold", which we have defined as being easy and difficult to displace, respectively. The basis of these designations, which involve both enthalpic and entropic water contributions, are explored in several classes of biomolecules and structural motifs. The hallmarks for characterizing water molecules are examined, and computational tools for evaluating water-centric thermodynamics are reviewed. This Perspective's summary features guidelines for exploiting water molecules in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spyrakis
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Mostafa H Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Alexander S Bayden
- CMD Bioscience , 5 Science Park, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Pietro Cozzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Laboratorio di Modellistica Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43121 Parma, Italy.,Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
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Regulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptors by Ubiquitination. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050923. [PMID: 28448471 PMCID: PMC5454836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of membrane receptors that control many cellular processes and consequently often serve as drug targets. These receptors undergo a strict regulation by mechanisms such as internalization and desensitization, which are strongly influenced by posttranslational modifications. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification with a broad range of functions that is currently gaining increased appreciation as a regulator of GPCR activity. The role of ubiquitination in directing GPCRs for lysosomal degradation has already been well-established. Furthermore, this modification can also play a role in targeting membrane and endoplasmic reticulum-associated receptors to the proteasome. Most recently, ubiquitination was also shown to be involved in GPCR signaling. In this review, we present current knowledge on the molecular basis of GPCR regulation by ubiquitination, and highlight the importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitinating enzymes and β-arrestins. Finally, we discuss classical and newly-discovered functions of ubiquitination in controlling GPCR activity.
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Suen J, Adams M, Lim J, Madala P, Xu W, Cotterell A, He Y, Yau M, Hooper J, Fairlie D. Mapping transmembrane residues of proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR 2 ) that influence ligand-modulated calcium signaling. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:328-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lundström L, Bissantz C, Beck J, Dellenbach M, Woltering TJ, Wichmann J, Gatti S. Reprint of Pharmacological and molecular characterization of the positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. Neuropharmacology 2017; 115:115-127. [PMID: 28216000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) plays an important role in the presynaptic control of glutamate release and several mGlu2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been under assessment for their potential as antipsychotics. The binding mode of mGlu2 PAMs is better characterized in functional terms while few data are available on the relationship between allosteric and orthosteric binding sites. Pharmacological studies characterizing binding and effects of two different chemical series of mGlu2 PAMs are therefore carried out here using the radiolabeled mGlu2 agonist 3[H]-LY354740 and mGlu2 PAM 3[H]-2,2,2-TEMPS. A multidimensional approach to the PAM mechanism of action shows that mGlu2 PAMs increase the affinity of 3[H]-LY354740 for the orthosteric site of mGlu2 as well as the number of 3[H]-LY354740 binding sites. 3[H]-2,2,2-TEMPS binding is also enhanced by the presence of LY354740. New residues in the allosteric rat mGlu2 binding pocket are identified to be crucial for the PAMs ligand binding, among these Tyr3.40 and Asn5.46. Also of remark, in the described experimental conditions S731A (Ser5.42) residue is important only for the mGlu2 PAM LY487379 and not for the compound PAM-1: an example of the structural differences among these mGlu2 PAMs. This study provides a summary of the information generated in the past decade on mGlu2 PAMs adding a detailed molecular investigation of PAM binding mode. Differences among mGlu2 PAM compounds are discussed as well as the mGlu2 regions interacting with mGlu2 PAM and NAM agents and residues driving mGlu2 PAM selectivity. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, 5 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lundström
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, NORD Neuroscience, Switzerland
| | - C Bissantz
- Discovery Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, CH4070, Switzerland
| | - J Beck
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, NORD Neuroscience, Switzerland
| | - M Dellenbach
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, NORD Neuroscience, Switzerland
| | - T J Woltering
- Discovery Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, CH4070, Switzerland
| | - J Wichmann
- Discovery Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, CH4070, Switzerland
| | - S Gatti
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, NORD Neuroscience, Switzerland.
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Liu Y, Canal CE, Cordova-Sintjago TC, Zhu W, Booth RG. Mutagenesis Analysis Reveals Distinct Amino Acids of the Human Serotonin 5-HT 2C Receptor Underlying the Pharmacology of Distinct Ligands. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:28-39. [PMID: 27580242 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While exploring the structure-activity relationship of 4-phenyl-2-dimethylaminotetralins (PATs) at serotonin 5-HT2C receptors, we discovered that relatively minor modification of PAT chemistry impacts function at 5-HT2C receptors. In HEK293 cells expressing human 5-HT2C-INI receptors, for example, (-)-trans-3'-Br-PAT and (-)-trans-3'-Cl-PAT are agonists regarding Gαq-inositol phosphate signaling, whereas (-)-trans-3'-CF3-PAT is an inverse agonist. To investigate the ligand-receptor interactions that govern this change in function, we performed site-directed mutagenesis of 14 amino acids of the 5-HT2C receptor based on molecular modeling and reported G protein-coupled receptor crystal structures, followed by molecular pharmacology studies. We found that S3.36, T3.37, and F5.47 in the orthosteric binding pocket are critical for affinity (Ki) of all PATs tested, we also found that F6.44, M6.47, C7.45, and S7.46 are primarily involved in regulating EC/IC50 functional potencies of PATs. We discovered that when residue S5.43, N6.55, or both are mutated to alanine, (-)-trans-3'-CF3-PAT switches from inverse agonist to agonist function, and when N6.55 is mutated to leucine, (-)-trans-3'-Br-PAT switches from agonist to inverse agonist function. Notably, most point-mutations that affected PAT pharmacology did not significantly alter affinity (KD) of the antagonist radioligand [3H]mesulergine, but every mutation tested negatively impacted serotonin binding. Also, amino acid mutations differentially affected the pharmacology of other commercially available 5-HT2C ligands tested. Collectively, the data show that functional outcomes shared by different ligands are mediated by different amino acids and that some 5-HT2C receptor residues important for pharmacology of one ligand are not necessarily important for another ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Clinton E. Canal
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tania C. Cordova-Sintjago
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Raymond G. Booth
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Lundström L, Bissantz C, Beck J, Dellenbach M, Woltering T, Wichmann J, Gatti S. Pharmacological and molecular characterization of the positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:253-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bradley SJ, Tobin AB. Design of Next-Generation G Protein-Coupled Receptor Drugs: Linking Novel Pharmacology and In Vivo Animal Models. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:535-59. [PMID: 26738479 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-140012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most successful drug targets in history, this supergene family of cell surface receptors has yet to be fully exploited as targets in the treatment of human disease. Here, we present optimism that this may change in the future by reviewing the substantial progress made in the understanding of GPCR molecular pharmacology that has generated an extensive toolbox of ligand types that include orthosteric, allosteric, and bitopic ligands, many of which show signaling bias. We discuss how combining these advances with recently described transgenic, chemical genetic, and optogenetic animal models will provide the framework to allow for the rational design of next-generation GPCR drugs that possess increased therapeutic efficacy and decreased adverse/toxic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Bradley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN United Kingdom; ,
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN United Kingdom; ,
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Emtage AL, Mistry SN, Fischer PM, Kellam B, Laughton CA. GPCRs through the keyhole: the role of protein flexibility in ligand binding to β-adrenoceptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:2604-2619. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1226197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L. Emtage
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Shailesh N. Mistry
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Charles A. Laughton
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Magnani F, Serrano-Vega MJ, Shibata Y, Abdul-Hussein S, Lebon G, Miller-Gallacher J, Singhal A, Strege A, Thomas JA, Tate CG. A mutagenesis and screening strategy to generate optimally thermostabilized membrane proteins for structural studies. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1554-71. [PMID: 27466713 PMCID: PMC5268090 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thermostability of an integral membrane protein (MP) in detergent solution is a key parameter that dictates the likelihood of obtaining well-diffracting crystals that are suitable for structure determination. However, many mammalian MPs are too unstable for crystallization. We developed a thermostabilization strategy based on systematic mutagenesis coupled to a radioligand-binding thermostability assay that can be applied to receptors, ion channels and transporters. It takes ∼6-12 months to thermostabilize a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) containing 300 amino acid (aa) residues. The resulting thermostabilized MPs are more easily crystallized and result in high-quality structures. This methodology has facilitated structure-based drug design applied to GPCRs because it is possible to determine multiple structures of the thermostabilized receptors bound to low-affinity ligands. Protocols and advice are given on how to develop thermostability assays for MPs and how to combine mutations to make an optimally stable mutant suitable for structural studies. The steps in the procedure include the generation of ∼300 site-directed mutants by Ala/Leu scanning mutagenesis, the expression of each mutant in mammalian cells by transient transfection and the identification of thermostable mutants using a thermostability assay that is based on binding of an (125)I-labeled radioligand to the unpurified, detergent-solubilized MP. Individual thermostabilizing point mutations are then combined to make an optimally stable MP that is suitable for structural biology and other biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ankita Singhal
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Annette Strege
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jennifer A. Thomas
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christopher G. Tate
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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Jazayeri A, Andrews SP, Marshall FH. Structurally Enabled Discovery of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists. Chem Rev 2016; 117:21-37. [PMID: 27333206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a revolution in the field of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structural biology. Many years of innovative research from different areas have come together to fuel this significant change in the fortunes of this field, which for many years was characterized by the paucity of high-resolution structures. The determination to succeed has been in part due to the recognized importance of these proteins as drug targets, and although the pharmaceutical industry has been focusing on these receptors, it can be justifiably argued and demonstrated that many of the approved and commercially successful GPCR drugs can be significantly improved to increase efficacy and/or reduce undesired side effects. In addition, many validated targets in this class remain to be drugged. It is widely recognized that application of structure-based drug design approaches can help medicinal chemists a long way toward discovering better drugs. The achievement of structural biologists in providing high-resolution insight is beginning to transform drug discovery efforts, and there are a number of GPCR drugs that have been discovered by use of structural information that are in clinical development. This review aims to highlight the key developments that have brought success to GPCR structure resolution efforts and exemplify the practical application of structural information for the discovery of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that have potential to treat multiple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jazayeri
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Andrews
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona H Marshall
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
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Munk C, Isberg V, Mordalski S, Harpsøe K, Rataj K, Hauser AS, Kolb P, Bojarski AJ, Vriend G, Gloriam DE. GPCRdb: the G protein-coupled receptor database - an introduction. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2195-207. [PMID: 27155948 PMCID: PMC4919580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GPCRs make up the largest family of human membrane proteins and of drug targets. Recent advances in GPCR pharmacology and crystallography have shed new light on signal transduction, allosteric modulation and biased signalling, translating into new mechanisms and principles for drug design. The GPCR database, GPCRdb, has served the community for over 20 years and has recently been extended to include a more multidisciplinary audience. This review is intended to introduce new users to the services in GPCRdb, which meets three overall purposes: firstly, to provide reference data in an integrated, annotated and structured fashion, with a focus on sequences, structures, single‐point mutations and ligand interactions. Secondly, to equip the community with a suite of web tools for swift analysis of structures, sequence similarities, receptor relationships, and ligand target profiles. Thirdly, to facilitate dissemination through interactive diagrams of, for example, receptor residue topologies, phylogenetic relationships and crystal structure statistics. Herein, these services are described for the first time; visitors and guides are provided with good practices for their utilization. Finally, we describe complementary databases cross‐referenced by GPCRdb and web servers with corresponding functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V Isberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Mordalski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rataj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - A S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - A J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Arnatt CK, Zhang Y. Bivalent ligands targeting chemokine receptor dimerization: molecular design and functional studies. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 14:1606-18. [PMID: 25159160 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666140827144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that chemokine receptors may form functional dimers with unique pharmacological profiles. A common practice to characterize such G protein-coupled receptor dimerization processes is to apply bivalent ligands as chemical probes which can interact with both receptors simultaneously. Currently, two chemokine receptor dimers have been studied by applying bivalent compounds: the CXCR4-CXCR4 homodimer and the CCR5-MOR heterodimer. These bivalent compounds have revealed how dimerization influences receptor function and may lead to novel therapeutics. Future design of bivalent ligands for chemokine receptor dimers may be aided with the recently available CXCR4 homodimer, and CCR5 monomer crystal structures by more accurately simulating chemokine receptors and their dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fragment-based approaches have played an increasing role alongside high-throughput screening in drug discovery for 15 years. The label-free biosensor technology based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is now sensitive and informative enough to serve during primary screens and validation steps. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the role of SPR in fragment screening. After a brief description of the underlying principles of the technique and main device developments, they evaluate the advantages and adaptations of SPR for fragment-based drug discovery. SPR can also be applied to challenging targets such as membrane receptors and enzymes. EXPERT OPINION The high-level of immobilization of the protein target and its stability are key points for a relevant screening that can be optimized using oriented immobilized proteins and regenerable sensors. Furthermore, to decrease the rate of false negatives, a selectivity test may be performed in parallel on the main target bearing the binding site mutated or blocked with a low-off-rate ligand. Fragment-based drug design, integrated in a rational workflow led by SPR, will thus have a predominant role for the next wave of drug discovery which could be greatly enhanced by new improvements in SPR devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chavanieu
- a Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 , Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- b IRCM , Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,c INSERM, U1194 , Université Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,d ICM , Institut Régional du Cancer , Montpellier , France
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Singh K, Senthil V, Arokiaraj AWR, Leprince J, Lefranc B, Vaudry D, Allam AA, Ajarem J, Chow BKC. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of N- and C-Terminally Modified Secretin Analogs for the Human Secretin Receptor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149359. [PMID: 26930505 PMCID: PMC4773067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic role of human secretin (hSCT) validates its potential use as a therapeutic agent. Nevertheless, the structure of secretin in complex with its receptor is necessary to develop a suitable therapeutic agent. Therefore, in an effort to design a three-dimensional virtual homology model and identify a peptide agonist and/or antagonist for the human secretin receptor (hSR), the significance of the primary sequence of secretin peptides in allosteric binding and activation was elucidated using virtual docking, FRET competitive binding and assessment of the cAMP response. Secretin analogs containing various N- or C-terminal modifications were prepared based on previous findings of the role of these domains in receptor binding and activation. These analogs exhibited very low or no binding affinity in a virtual model, and were found to neither exhibit in vitro binding nor agonistic or antagonistic properties. A parallel analysis of the analogs in the virtual model and in vitro studies revealed instability of these peptide analogs to bind and activate the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vijayalakshmi Senthil
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Neurotrophic Factors and Neuronal Differentiation Team, Inserm U982, Associated International Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Neurotrophic Factors and Neuronal Differentiation Team, Inserm U982, Associated International Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Neurotrophic Factors and Neuronal Differentiation Team, Inserm U982, Associated International Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Billy K. C. Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Margathe JF, Iturrioz X, Regenass P, Karpenko IA, Humbert N, de Rocquigny H, Hibert M, Llorens-Cortes C, Bonnet D. Convenient Access to Fluorescent Probes by Chemoselective Acylation of Hydrazinopeptides: Application to the Synthesis of the First Far-Red Ligand for Apelin Receptor Imaging. Chemistry 2015; 22:1399-405. [PMID: 26682530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a convenient method to facilitate the solution-phase fluorescent labelling of peptides based on the chemoselective acylation of α-hydrazinopeptides. This approach combines the advantages of using commercially available amine-reactive dyes and very mild conditions, which are fully compatible with the chemical sensitivity of the dyes. The usefulness of this approach was demonstrated by the labelling of apelin-13 peptide. Various fluorescent probes were readily synthesized, enabling the rapid optimization of their affinities for the apelin receptor. Thus, the first far-red fluorescent ligand with sub-nanomolar affinity for the apelin receptor was characterized and shown to track the receptor efficiently in living cells by fluorescence confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Margathe
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Xavier Iturrioz
- Neuropeptides Centraux et Régulations Hydrique et Cardiovasculaire, UMR 7241/Inserm U1050, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Regenass
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Iuliia A Karpenko
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Humbert
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR-CNRS 7213, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Hugues de Rocquigny
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR-CNRS 7213, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Marcel Hibert
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Neuropeptides Centraux et Régulations Hydrique et Cardiovasculaire, UMR 7241/Inserm U1050, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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