1
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Esler WP, Cohen DE. Pharmacologic inhibition of lipogenesis for the treatment of NAFLD. J Hepatol 2024; 80:362-377. [PMID: 37977245 PMCID: PMC10842769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic accumulation of excess triglycerides is a seminal event in the initiation and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic steatosis occurs when the hepatic accrual of fatty acids from the plasma and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is no longer balanced by rates of fatty acid oxidation and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides. Accumulating data indicate that increased rates of DNL are central to the development of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Whereas the main drivers in NAFLD are transcriptional, owing to both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia, the effectors of DNL are a series of well-characterised enzymes. Several have proven amenable to pharmacologic inhibition or oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown, with lead compounds showing liver fat-lowering efficacy in phase II clinical trials. In humans with NAFLD, percent reductions in liver fat have closely mirrored percent inhibition of DNL, thereby affirming the critical contributions of DNL to NAFLD pathogenesis. The safety profiles of these compounds have so far been encouraging. It is anticipated that inhibitors of DNL, when administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, will become important agents in the management of human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139 United States.
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States.
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2
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Limberakis C, Smith AC, Bagley SW, Yayla HG, Kung DW, Griffith DA. Convergent Syntheses of Isomeric Imidazolospiroketones as Templates for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13727-13740. [PMID: 37751412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of imidazole fused spirocyclic ketones as templates for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors is reported. By completing the spirocyclic ring closure via divergent pathways, the synthesis of these regioisomers from common intermediates was developed. Through an aldehyde homologation/transmetalation strategy, one isomer was formed selectively. The second desired isomer was obtained via an intramolecular aromatic homolytic substitution reaction. Preparation of these isomeric spiroketones provided templates which, upon elaboration, led to key structure-activity relationship (SAR) points for delivery of potent ACC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hatice G Yayla
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Kung
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Liu SS, Zeng D, Zhang TH, Hu JH, Yang BX, Yang J, Zhou X, Wang PY, Liu LW, Wu ZB, Yang S. Novel spiro[chromanone-2,4'-piperidine]-4-one derivatives as potential inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis in pathogens: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115215. [PMID: 36812655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial survival depends on membrane lipid homeostasis that enables to regulate lipid composition to adapt and optimize their growth in diverse environments. Therefore, the development of inhibitors that interfere with the bacterial fatty acid synthesis process is considered to be a promising tactic. In this study, 58 novel spirochromanone derivatives were prepared and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was investigated. The bioassay results showed that all most of the compounds showed excellent biological activities, exampled by compounds B14, C1, B15, and B13, which had outstanding inhibitory activities toward various pathogenic bacteria with EC50 values of 0.78 μg/mL ∼3.48 μg/mL. Preliminary antibacterial behavior was studied by a series of biochemical assays including, but not limited to, fluorescence imaging patterns, GC-MS analysis, TEM images, and fluorescence titration experiments. Notably, compound B14 decreased the lipid content of the cell membrane, and increased cell membrane permeability, thereby destroying the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. Further qRT-PCR results indicated that compound B14 interfered with the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthesis process-related genes including ACC, ACP, and Fab family genes. Herein, we highlight the promising bactericidal skeleton based on the spiro[chromanone-2,4'-piperidine]-4-one as a potential inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tai-Hong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jin-Hong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bin-Xin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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4
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Li M, Zeng M, Zhang H, Chen H, Guan L. Biological Activity Predictions of Ligands Based on Hybrid Molecular Fingerprinting and Ensemble Learning. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5561-5570. [PMID: 36816680 PMCID: PMC9933080 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity predictions of ligands are an important research direction, which can improve the efficiency and success probability of drug screening. However, the traditional prediction method has the disadvantages of complex modeling and low screening efficiency. Machine learning is considered an important research direction to solve these traditional method problems in the near future. This paper proposes a machine learning model with high predictive accuracy and stable prediction ability, namely, the back propagation neural network cross-support vector regression model (BPCSVR). By comparing multiple molecular descriptors, MACCS fingerprint and ECFP6 fingerprint were selected as inputs, and the stable prediction ability of the model was improved by integrating multiple models and correcting similar samples. We used leave-one-out cross-validation on 3038 samples from six data sets. The coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and absolute error were used as the evaluation parameters. After comparing the multiclass models, the results show that the BPCSVR model has stable prediction ability in different data sets, and the prediction accuracy is higher than other comparison models.
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5
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An Overview of the Biological Evaluation of Selected Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycle Medicinal Chemistry Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158117. [PMID: 35897691 PMCID: PMC9368212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are a class of compounds of natural origin with favorable properties and hence have major pharmaceutical significance. They have an exceptional adroitness favoring their use as diverse smart biomimetics, in addition to possessing an active pharmacophore in a complex structure. This has made them an indispensable motif in the drug discovery field. Heterocyclic compounds are usually classified according to the ring size, type, and the number of heteroatoms present in the ring. Among different heterocyclic ring systems, nitrogen heterocyclic compounds are more abundant in nature. They also have considerable pharmacological significance. This review highlights recent pioneering studies in the biological assessment of nitrogen-containing compounds, namely: triazoles, tetrazoles, imidazole/benzimidazoles, pyrimidines, and quinolines. It explores publications between April 2020 and February 2022 and will benefit researchers in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. The present work is organized based on the size of the heterocyclic ring.
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6
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Huang JQ, Yu M, Yong X, Ho CY. NHC-Ni(II)-catalyzed cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4145. [PMID: 35842422 PMCID: PMC9288548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanides are common compounds in fine and bulk chemical syntheses. However, the direct addition of isocyanide to simple unactivated cyclopropene via transition metal catalysis is challenging. Most of the current approaches focus on 1,1-insertion of isocyanide to M-R or nucleophilc insertion. That is often complicated by the competitive homo-oligomerization reactivity occurring at room temperature, such as isocyanide 1,1-insertion by Ni(II). Here we show a (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) catalyst that enables cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. As shown in the broad substrate scope and a [trans-(N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(isocyanide)Br2] crystal structure, the desired cross-reactivity is cooperatively controlled by the high reactivity of the cyclopropene, the sterically bulky N-heterocyclic carbene, and the strong coordination ability of the isocyanide. This direct addition strategy offers aromatic amine derivatives and complements the Dötz benzannulation and Semmelhack/Wulff 1,4-hydroquinone synthesis. Several sterically bulky, fused, and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetric functionalized spiro-ring structures are prepared from those easily accessible starting materials expediently. The direct addition of isocyanides to cyclopropenes is challenging. Here, the authors report a catalytic cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation catalyzed by an (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) complex; this method enables the preparation of fused and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetrically functionalized spiro-ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Meng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuefeng Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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7
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Milano SK, Huang Q, Nguyen TTT, Ramachandran S, Finke A, Kriksunov I, Schuller D, Szebenyi M, Arenholz E, McDermott LA, Sukumar N, Cerione RA, Katt WP. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of glutaminase C inhibitors in cancer cells using serial room temperature crystallography. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101535. [PMID: 34954143 PMCID: PMC8784640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exhibit uncoupling of the glycolytic pathway from the TCA cycle (i.e. the "Warburg effect"), and as a result, often become dependent on their ability to increase glutamine catabolism. The mitochondrial enzyme Glutaminase C (GAC) helps to satisfy this 'glutamine addiction' of cancer cells by catalyzing the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate, which is then converted to the TCA-cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. This makes GAC an intriguing drug target, and spurred the molecules derived from bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (the so-called BPTES-class of allosteric GAC inhibitors), including CB-839, which is currently in clinal trials. However, none of the drugs targeting GAC are yet approved for cancer treatment and their mechanism of action is not well understood. Here, we shed new light on the underlying basis for the differential potencies exhibited by members of the BPTES/CB-839 family of compounds, which could not previously be explained with standard cryo-cooled X-ray crystal structures of GAC bound to CB-839 or its analogs. Using an emerging technique known as serial room temperature crystallography, we were able to observe clear differences between the binding conformations of inhibitors with significantly different potencies. We also developed a computational model to further elucidate the molecular basis of differential inhibitor potency. We then corroborated the results from our modeling efforts using recently established fluorescence assays that directly read out inhibitor binding to GAC. Together, these findings should aid in future design of more potent GAC inhibitors with better clinical outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn K Milano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thuy-Tien T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sekar Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aaron Finke
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Irina Kriksunov
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David Schuller
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Marian Szebenyi
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lee A McDermott
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States; Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - N Sukumar
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Informatics, Shiv Nadar University, India
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
| | - William P Katt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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8
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Freeman-Cook KD, Hoffman RL, Behenna DC, Boras B, Carelli J, Diehl W, Ferre RA, He YA, Hui A, Huang B, Huser N, Jones R, Kephart SE, Lapek J, McTigue M, Miller N, Murray BW, Nagata A, Nguyen L, Niessen S, Ninkovic S, O'Doherty I, Ornelas MA, Solowiej J, Sutton SC, Tran K, Tseng E, Visswanathan R, Xu M, Zehnder L, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Dann S. Discovery of PF-06873600, a CDK2/4/6 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9056-9077. [PMID: 34110834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Control of the cell cycle through selective pharmacological inhibition of CDK4/6 has proven beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer. Extending this level of control to additional cell cycle CDK isoforms represents an opportunity to expand to additional tumor types and potentially provide benefits to patients that develop tumors resistant to selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. However, broad-spectrum CDK inhibitors have a long history of failure due to safety concerns. In this approach, we describe the use of structure-based drug design and Free-Wilson analysis to optimize a series of CDK2/4/6 inhibitors. Further, we detail the use of molecular dynamics simulations to provide insights into the basis for selectivity against CDK9. Based on overall potency, selectivity, and ADME profile, PF-06873600 (22) was identified as a candidate for the treatment of cancer and advanced to phase 1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert L Hoffman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Douglas C Behenna
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jordan Carelli
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wade Diehl
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rose Ann Ferre
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - You-Ai He
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrea Hui
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Buwen Huang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nanni Huser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rhys Jones
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Susan E Kephart
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Lapek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nichol Miller
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brion W Murray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Asako Nagata
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sacha Ninkovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Inish O'Doherty
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Solowiej
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott C Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Khanh Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Elaine Tseng
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Meirong Xu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Luke Zehnder
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qin Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Cathy Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen Dann
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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9
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Ghatpande N, Phal D, Karpoormath R, Soliman M, Jadhav J, Choudhari P, Shaikh MM. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel N-Acyl/Aroyl Spiro[Chromane-2,4′-Piperidin]-4(3 H)-One as Potent Anti-Microbial Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1915807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Ghatpande
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa
| | - Deepak Phal
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Prafulla Choudhari
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Institute of Management Kolhapur, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahidansha M. Shaikh
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa
- Unique Med Chem Laboratories, L-64, Chincholli MIDC, Solapur, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Ghatpande NG, Jadhav JS, Kaproormath RV, Soliman ME, Shaikh MM. A brief overview on recent advances in spiro[chromane-2,4′-piperidine]-4(3H)-one-functionalized compounds in medicinal chemistry research. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Fatty acid synthesis and cancer: Aberrant expression of the ACACA and ACACB genes increases the risk for cancer. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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12
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Huang T, Wu X, Yan S, Liu T, Yin X. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel spiroketopyrazoles as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113036. [PMID: 33276990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, which plays a critical role in the growth and survival of cancer cells. In this study, a series of spiroketopyrazole derivatives bearing quinoline moieties were synthesized, and in vitro anticancer activities of these compounds as ACC inhibitors were evaluated. The biological evaluation showed that compound 7j exhibited the strongest enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.29 nM), while compound 7m displayed the most potent anti-proliferative activity against A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231 cells with corresponding IC50 values of 0.55, 0.38, and 1.65 μM, respectively. The preliminary pharmacological studies confirmed that compound 7m reduced the intracellular malonyl-CoA and TG levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it could down-regulate cyclin D1 and CDK4 to disturb the cell cycle and up-regulate Bax, caspase-3, and PARP along with the suppression of Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis. Notably, the combination of 7m with doxorubicin synergistically decreased the HepG2 cell viability. These results indicated that compound 7m as a single agent, or in combination with other antitumor drugs, might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Medical University Science Park, 221000, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shirong Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221002, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Kelly KL, Reagan WJ, Sonnenberg GE, Clasquin M, Hales K, Asano S, Amor PA, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Shirai N, Matthews MD, Li KW, Hellerstein MK, Vera NB, Ross TT, Cappon G, Bergman A, Buckeridge C, Sun Z, Qejvanaj EZ, Schmahai T, Beebe D, Pfefferkorn JA, Esler WP. De novo lipogenesis is essential for platelet production in humans. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1163-1178. [PMID: 32929234 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyses the first step of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Pharmacologic inhibition of ACC has been of interest for therapeutic intervention in a wide range of diseases. We demonstrate here that ACC and DNL are essential for platelet production in humans and monkeys, but in not rodents or dogs. During clinical evaluation of a systemically distributed ACC inhibitor, unexpected dose-dependent reductions in platelet count were observed. While platelet count reductions were not observed in rat and dog toxicology studies, subsequent studies in cynomolgus monkeys recapitulated these platelet count reductions with a similar concentration response to that in humans. These studies, along with ex vivo human megakaryocyte maturation studies, demonstrate that platelet lowering is a consequence of DNL inhibition likely to result in impaired megakaryocyte demarcation membrane formation. These observations demonstrate that while DNL is a minor quantitative contributor to global lipid balance in humans, DNL is essential to specific lipid pools of physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kelly
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William J Reagan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Gabriele E Sonnenberg
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Clasquin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shoh Asano
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Amor
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Marcy D Matthews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin W Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Bergman
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clare Buckeridge
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Sun
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enida Ziso Qejvanaj
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David Beebe
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Huard K, Smith AC, Cappon G, Dow RL, Edmonds DJ, El-Kattan A, Esler WP, Fernando DP, Griffith DA, Kalgutkar AS, Ross TT, Bagley SW, Beebe D, Bi YA, Cabral S, Crowley C, Doran SD, Dowling MS, Liras S, Mascitti V, Niosi M, Pfefferkorn JA, Polivkova J, Préville C, Price DA, Shavnya A, Shirai N, Smith AH, Southers JR, Tess DA, Thuma BA, Varma MV, Yang X. Optimizing the Benefit/Risk of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors through Liver Targeting. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10879-10896. [PMID: 32809824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors have the potential to rebalance disordered lipid metabolism, leading to improvements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consistent with these observations, first-in-human clinical trials with our ACC inhibitor PF-05175157 led to robust reduction of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), albeit with concomitant reductions in platelet count, which were attributed to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis within bone marrow. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxylic acid-based ACC inhibitors with organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrate properties, which facilitated selective distribution of the compounds at the therapeutic site of action (liver) relative to the periphery. These efforts led to the discovery of clinical candidate PF-05221304 (12), which selectively inhibits liver DNL in animals, while demonstrating considerable safety margins against platelet reduction in a nonhuman primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert L Dow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David J Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ayman El-Kattan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William P Esler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dilinie P Fernando
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Beebe
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi-An Bi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Collin Crowley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent Mascitti
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathy Préville
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Price
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew H Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James R Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Tess
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin A Thuma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Manthena V Varma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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15
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Esler WP, Tesz GJ, Hellerstein MK, Beysen C, Sivamani R, Turner SM, Watkins SM, Amor PA, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Geoly FJ, Biddle KE, Purkal JJ, Fitch M, Buckeridge C, Silvia AM, Griffith DA, Gorgoglione M, Hassoun L, Bosanac SS, Vera NB, Rolph TP, Pfefferkorn JA, Sonnenberg GE. Human sebum requires de novo lipogenesis, which is increased in acne vulgaris and suppressed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/492/eaau8465. [PMID: 31092695 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sebum plays important physiological roles in human skin. Excess sebum production contributes to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, and suppression of sebum production reduces acne incidence and severity. We demonstrate that sebum production in humans depends on local flux through the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway within the sebocyte. About 80 to 85% of sebum palmitate (16:0) and sapienate (16:1n10) were derived from DNL, based on stable isotope labeling, much higher than the contribution of DNL to triglyceride palmitate in circulation (~20%), indicating a minor contribution by nonskin sources to sebum lipids. This dependence on local sebocyte DNL was not recapitulated in two widely used animal models of sebum production, Syrian hamsters and Göttingen minipigs. Confirming the importance of DNL for human sebum production, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, ACCi-1, dose-dependently suppressed DNL and blocked synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, and wax esters but not free sterols in human sebocytes in vitro. ACCi-1 dose-dependently suppressed facial sebum excretion by ~50% (placebo adjusted) in human individuals dosed orally for 2 weeks. Sebum triglycerides, wax esters, and free fatty acids were suppressed by ~66%, whereas non-DNL-dependent lipid species, cholesterol, and squalene were not reduced, confirming selective modulation of DNL-dependent lipids. Last, individuals with acne vulgaris exhibited increased sebum production rates relative to individuals with normal skin, with >80% of palmitate and sapienate derived from DNL. These findings highlight the importance of local sebocyte DNL for human skin sebaceous gland biology and illuminate a potentially exploitable therapeutic target for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Gregory J Tesz
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- KineMed Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Raja Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | | | | | - Paul A Amor
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Santos Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank J Geoly
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kathleen E Biddle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Julie J Purkal
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Clare Buckeridge
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Annette M Silvia
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A Griffith
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Gorgoglione
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren Hassoun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - Suzana S Bosanac
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy P Rolph
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabriele E Sonnenberg
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Yang J, Guan A, Li Z, Zhang P, Liu C. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel Spiropyrimidinamines as Fungicides against Pseudoperonospora cubensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6485-6492. [PMID: 32442373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful fungus and the developed resistance to available fungicides seriously threaten the yield and quality of crops; thus, the search for new, highly efficient, and resistance-overcoming fungicides remains a quite urgent goal of agricultural scientists. In this study, a series of novel spiropyrimidinamine derivatives were designed and synthesized by employing the intermediate derivatization method (IDM). Their structures were identified by 1H NMR, elemental analyses, and MS spectra. The structure of compound 5 was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Bioassays indicated that a number of the title compounds exhibited some fungicidal activities against Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Especially, compound 5 displayed excellent activity (EC50 = 0.422 mg/L), significantly higher than those of the commercialized fungicides cyazofamid, flumorph, and diflumetorim. The structure-activity relationship was also discussed. It was concluded that compound 5 with super fungicidal potency and a novel structure is a promising agrochemical fungicide candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd., Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd., Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinian Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd., Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd., Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd., Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
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17
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Recent development in acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and their potential as novel drugs. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:533-561. [PMID: 32048880 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a critical enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, has emerged as an attractive target for a plethora of emerging diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, bacterial infections and so on. With decades of efforts in medicinal chemistry, significant progress has been made toward the design and discovery of a considerable number of inhibitors of this enzyme. In this review, we not only clarify the role of ACC in emerging diseases, but also summarize recent developments of potent ACC inhibitors and discuss their molecular mechanisms of action and potentials as novel drugs as well as future perspectives toward the design and discovery of novel ACC inhibitors.
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18
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Zhou WN, Zhang YM, Qiao X, Pan J, Yin LF, Zhu L, Zhao JN, Lu S, Lu T, Chen YD, Liu HC. Virtual Screening Strategy Combined Bayesian Classification Model, Molecular Docking for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases Inhibitors. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019; 15:193-205. [PMID: 30411690 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181109110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases (ACC) have been an important target for the therapy of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and some other diseases. METHODS In this study, virtual screening strategy combined with Bayesian categorization modeling, molecular docking and binding site analysis with protein ligand interaction fingerprint (PLIF) was adopted to validate some potent ACC inhibitors. First, the best Bayesian model with an excellent value of Area Under Curve (AUC) value (training set AUC: 0.972, test set AUC: 0.955) was used to screen compounds of validation library. Then the compounds screened by best Bayesian model were further screened by molecule docking again. RESULTS Finally, the hit compounds evaluated with four percentages (1%, 2%, 5%, 10%) were verified to reveal enrichment rates for the compounds. The combination of the ligandbased Bayesian model and structure-based virtual screening resulted in the identification of top four compounds which exhibited excellent IC 50 values against ACC in top 1% of the validation library. CONCLUSION In summary, the whole strategy is of high efficiency, and would be helpful for the discovery of ACC inhibitors and some other target inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Neng Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Feng Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Nan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Dong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Chun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Chen L, Duan Y, Wei H, Ning H, Bi C, Zhao Y, Qin Y, Li Y. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and recent developments in ACC1/2 inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:917-930. [PMID: 31430206 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1657825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid metabolism. For many years, ACC inhibitors have gained great attention for developing therapeutics for various human diseases including microbial infections, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Areas covered: We present a comprehensive review and update of ACC inhibitors. We look at the current advance of ACC inhibitors in clinical studies and the implications in drug discovery. We searched ScienceDirect ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/ ), ACS ( https://pubs.acs.org/ ), Wiley ( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ), NCBI ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) and World Health Organization ( https://www.who.int/ ). The keywords used were Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, lipid, inhibitors and metabolic syndrome. All documents were published before June 2019. Expert opinion: The key regulatory role of ACC in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation pathways makes it an attractive target for various metabolic diseases. In particular, the combination of ACC inhibitors with other drugs is a new strategy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Expanding the clinical indications for ACC inhibitors will be one of the hot directions in the future. It is also worth looking forward to exploring safe and efficient inhibitors that act on the BC domain of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Huiqiang Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Hongxin Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Changfen Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology , Chongqing , China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
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20
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Esler WP, Bence KK. Metabolic Targets in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:247-267. [PMID: 31004828 PMCID: PMC6698700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise worldwide and currently has no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. The increase in disease burden of NAFLD and a more severe form of this progressive liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), largely mirrors the increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reflects the hepatic manifestation of an altered metabolic state. Indeed, metabolic syndrome, defined as a constellation of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, is the major risk factor predisposing the NAFLD and NASH. There are multiple potential pharmacologic strategies to rebalance aspects of disordered metabolism in NAFLD. These include therapies aimed at reducing hepatic steatosis by directly modulating lipid metabolism within the liver, inhibiting fructose metabolism, altering delivery of free fatty acids from the adipose to the liver by targeting insulin resistance and/or adipose metabolism, modulating glycemia, and altering pleiotropic metabolic pathways simultaneously. Emerging data from human genetics also supports a role for metabolic drivers in NAFLD and risk for progression to NASH. In this review, we highlight the prominent metabolic drivers of NAFLD pathogenesis and discuss the major metabolic targets of NASH pharmacotherapy.
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Key Words
- acc, acetyl-coa carboxylase
- alt, alanine aminotransferase
- aso, anti-sense oligonucleotide
- ast, aspartate aminotransferase
- chrebp, carbohydrate response element binding protein
- ci, confidence interval
- dgat, diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase
- dnl, de novo lipogenesis
- fas, fatty acid synthase
- ffa, free fatty acid
- fgf, fibroblast growth factor
- fxr, farnesoid x receptor
- glp-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- hdl, high-density lipoprotein
- homa-ir, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- ldl, low-density lipoprotein
- nafld, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- nas, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score
- nash, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- or, odds ratio
- pdff, proton density fat fraction
- ppar, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- sglt2, sodium glucose co-transporter 2
- srebp-1c, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
- t2d, type 2 diabetes
- t2dm, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- tg, triglyceride
- th, thyroid hormone
- thr, thyroid hormone receptor
- treg, regulatory t cells
- tzd, thiazolidinedione
- vldl, very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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21
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Usami Y, Sumimoto K, Kishima A, Tatsui Y, Yoneyama H, Harusawa S. Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[3,2- c]pyrazoles via Double Bond Migration and Ring-Closing Metathesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020296. [PMID: 30650589 PMCID: PMC6359453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three types of pyrazole-fused heterobicycles, i.e., 1,5-, 1,7-, and 2,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyrazoles, were synthesized from 4-allyloxy-1H-pyrazoles. A sequence of the Claisen rearrangement of 4-allyloxy-1H-pyrazoles, ruthenium-hydride-catalyzed double bond migration, O-allylation, and ring-closing metathesis was employed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Usami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Kodai Sumimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Azusa Kishima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Yuya Tatsui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yoneyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Shinya Harusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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22
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Jang S, Gornicki P, Marjanovic J, Bass E, P Iurcotta T, Rodriguez P, Austin J, Haselkorn R. Activity and structure of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase targeted by a specific inhibitor. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2048-2058. [PMID: 29772612 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have studied a series of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 and ACC2 proteins with deletions and/or Ser to Ala substitutions of the known phosphorylation sites. In vitro dephosphorylation/phosphorylation experiments reveal a substantial level of phosphorylation of human ACCs produced in insect cells. Our results are consistent with AMPK phosphorylation of Ser29 , Ser80 , Ser1,201 , and Ser1,216 . Phosphorylation of the N-terminal regulatory domain decreases ACC1 activity, while phosphorylation of residues in the ACC central domain has no effect. Inhibition of the activity by phosphorylation is significantly more profound at citrate concentrations below 2 mm. Furthermore, deletion of the N-terminal domain facilitates structural changes induced by citrate, including conversion of ACC dimers to linear polymers. We have also identified ACC2 amino acid mutations affecting specific inhibition of the isozyme by compound CD-017-0191. They form two clusters separated by 60-90 Å: one located in the vicinity of the BC active site and the other one in the vicinity of the ACC1 phosphorylation sites in the central domain, suggesting a contribution of the interface of two ACC dimers in the polymer to the inhibitor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoRi Jang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Piotr Gornicki
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasmina Marjanovic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Bass
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Toni P Iurcotta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jotham Austin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Haselkorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Pike KG, Barlaam B, Cadogan E, Campbell A, Chen Y, Colclough N, Davies NL, de-Almeida C, Degorce SL, Didelot M, Dishington A, Ducray R, Durant ST, Hassall LA, Holmes J, Hughes GD, MacFaul PA, Mulholland KR, McGuire TM, Ouvry G, Pass M, Robb G, Stratton N, Wang Z, Wilson J, Zhai B, Zhao K, Al-Huniti N. The Identification of Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Inhibitors of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Kinase: The Discovery of AZD0156 (8-{6-[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]pyridin-3-yl}-3-methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-one). J Med Chem 2018; 61:3823-3841. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt G. Pike
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Bernard Barlaam
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Elaine Cadogan
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Yingxue Chen
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Nicola Colclough
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Nichola L. Davies
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Camila de-Almeida
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Sebastien L. Degorce
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Centre de Recherches, Z. I. la Pompelle, BP 1050, 51689 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Myriam Didelot
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Centre de Recherches, Z. I. la Pompelle, BP 1050, 51689 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Allan Dishington
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Richard Ducray
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Centre de Recherches, Z. I. la Pompelle, BP 1050, 51689 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Stephen T. Durant
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Lorraine A. Hassall
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jane Holmes
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Gareth D. Hughes
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Philip A. MacFaul
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Keith R. Mulholland
- Chemical Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Thomas M. McGuire
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gilles Ouvry
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Centre de Recherches, Z. I. la Pompelle, BP 1050, 51689 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Martin Pass
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Graeme Robb
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Natalie Stratton
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Joanne Wilson
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Baochang Zhai
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Kang Zhao
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Nidal Al-Huniti
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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24
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Jones JEC, Esler WP, Patel R, Lanba A, Vera NB, Pfefferkorn JA, Vernochet C. Inhibition of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and 2 (ACC2) Reduces Proliferation and De Novo Lipogenesis of EGFRvIII Human Glioblastoma Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169566. [PMID: 28081256 PMCID: PMC5231342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell proliferation and migration processes are regulated by multiple metabolic pathways including glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis. Since acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is at the junction of lipids synthesis and oxidative metabolic pathways, we investigated whether use of a dual ACC inhibitor would provide a potential therapy against certain lipogenic cancers. The impact of dual ACC1/ACC2 inhibition was investigated using a dual ACC1/ACC2 inhibitor as well as dual siRNA knock down on the cellular viability and metabolism of two glioblastoma multiform cancer cell lines, U87 and a more aggressive form, U87 EGFRvIII. We first demonstrated that while ACCi inhibited DNL in both cell lines, ACCi preferentially blunted the U87 EGFRvIII cellular proliferation capacity. Metabolically, chronic treatment with ACCi significantly upregulated U87 EGFRvIII cellular respiration and extracellular acidification rate, a marker of glycolytic activity, but impaired mitochondrial health by reducing maximal respiration and decreasing mitochondrial ATP production efficiency. Moreover, ACCi treatment altered the cellular lipids content and increased apoptotic caspase activity in U87 EGFRvIII cells. Collectively these data indicate that ACC inhibition, by reducing DNL and increasing cellular metabolic rate, may have therapeutic utility for the suppression of lipogenic tumor growth and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. C. Jones
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED) Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William P. Esler
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED) Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CV); (WPE)
| | - Rushi Patel
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED) Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adhiraj Lanba
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED) Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas B. Vera
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED) Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Pfefferkorn
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED) Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cecile Vernochet
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED) Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CV); (WPE)
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25
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Meanwell NA. Improving Drug Design: An Update on Recent Applications of Efficiency Metrics, Strategies for Replacing Problematic Elements, and Compounds in Nontraditional Drug Space. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:564-616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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26
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Andleeb H, Tehseen Y, Ali Shah SJ, Khan I, Iqbal J, Hameed S. Identification of novel pyrazole–rhodanine hybrid scaffolds as potent inhibitors of aldose reductase: design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking analysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazole–rhodanine derivatives was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for their potential inhibitory effect on both aldehyde reductase (ALR1) and aldose reductase (ALR2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Andleeb
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
| | - Yildiz Tehseen
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Syed Jawad Ali Shah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
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27
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Kung DW, Griffith DA, Esler WP, Vajdos FF, Mathiowetz AM, Doran SD, Amor PA, Bagley SW, Banks T, Cabral S, Ford K, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Landis MS, Loomis K, McPherson K, Niosi M, Rockwell KL, Rose C, Smith AC, Southers JA, Tapley S, Tu M, Valentine JJ. Discovery of spirocyclic-diamine inhibitors of mammalian acetyl CoA-carboxylase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5352-6. [PMID: 26411795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of spirocyclic-diamine based, isoform non-selective inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is described. These spirodiamine derivatives were discovered by design of a library to mimic the structural rigidity and hydrogen-bonding pattern observed in the co-crystal structure of spirochromanone inhibitor I. The lead compound 3.5.1 inhibited de novo lipogenesis in rat hepatocytes, with an IC50 of 0.30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Kung
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - David A Griffith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - William P Esler
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Shawn D Doran
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Paul A Amor
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Tereece Banks
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Kristen Ford
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Margaret S Landis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Formulations, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kathrine Loomis
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Kirk McPherson
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Colin Rose
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Susan Tapley
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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28
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Huang T, Sun J, Wang Q, Gao J, Liu Y. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Piperidinylpiperidines and Spirochromanones Possessing Quinoline Moieties as Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:16221-34. [PMID: 26370948 PMCID: PMC6332354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylases (ACCs) play critical roles in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and have been targeted for the development of drugs against obesity, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Two series of compounds possessing quinoline moieties were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their potential to inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylases. Most compounds showed moderate to good ACC inhibitory activities and compound 7a possessed the most potent biological activities against ACC1 and ACC2, with IC50 values of 189 nM and 172 nM, respectively, comparable to the positive control. Docking simulation was performed to position compound 7a into the active site of ACC to determine a probable binding model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Pike KG, Morris J, Ruston L, Pass SL, Greenwood R, Williams EJ, Demeritt J, Culshaw JD, Gill K, Pass M, Finlay MRV, Good CJ, Roberts CA, Currie GS, Blades K, Eden JM, Pearson SE. Discovery of AZD3147: a potent, selective dual inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2326-49. [PMID: 25643210 DOI: 10.1021/jm501778s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
High throughput screening followed by a lead generation campaign uncovered a novel series of urea containing morpholinopyrimidine compounds which act as potent and selective dual inhibitors of mTORC1 and mTORC2. We describe the continued compound optimization campaign for this series, in particular focused on identifying compounds with improved cellular potency, improved aqueous solubility, and good stability in human hepatocyte incubations. Knowledge from empirical SAR investigations was combined with an understanding of the molecular interactions in the crystal lattice to improve both cellular potency and solubility, and the composite parameters of LLE and pIC50-pSolubility were used to assess compound quality and progress. Predictive models were employed to efficiently mine the attractive chemical space identified resulting in the discovery of 42 (AZD3147), an extremely potent and selective dual inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 with physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties suitable for development as a potential clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt G Pike
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
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30
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Griffith DA, Kung DW, Esler WP, Amor PA, Bagley SW, Beysen C, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Doran SD, Limberakis C, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson K, Price DA, Ravussin E, Sonnenberg GE, Southers JA, Sweet LJ, Turner SM, Vajdos FF. Decreasing the rate of metabolic ketone reduction in the discovery of a clinical acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10512-26. [PMID: 25423286 PMCID: PMC4281100 DOI: 10.1021/jm5016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Acetyl-CoA
carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors offer significant potential
for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hepatic steatosis,
and cancer. However, the identification of tool compounds suitable
to test the hypothesis in human trials has been challenging. An advanced
series of spirocyclic ketone-containing ACC inhibitors recently reported
by Pfizer were metabolized in vivo by ketone reduction, which complicated
human pharmacology projections. We disclose that this metabolic reduction
can be greatly attenuated through introduction of steric hindrance
adjacent to the ketone carbonyl. Incorporation of weakly basic functionality
improved solubility and led to the identification of 9 as a clinical candidate for the treatment of T2DM. Phase I clinical
studies demonstrated dose-proportional increases in exposure, single-dose
inhibition of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and changes in indirect calorimetry
consistent with increased whole-body fatty acid oxidation. This demonstration
of target engagement validates the use of compound 9 to
evaluate the role of DNL in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Griffith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and ∥Clinical Research Statistics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Bourbeau MP, Bartberger MD. Recent advances in the development of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic disease. J Med Chem 2014; 58:525-36. [PMID: 25333641 DOI: 10.1021/jm500695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic disease has been pursued by the pharmaceutical industry for some time. A number of recent disclosures describing potent ACC inhibitors have been reported by multiple research groups. Unlike many prior publications in this area, more recent publications contain a significant amount of in vivo efficacy data generated by long-term experiments in rodent models of metabolic disease. Additionally, one compound has been advanced to human clinical studies. The results from these studies should allow researchers to better gauge the potential utility of ACC inhibition for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Bourbeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, Inc. , 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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32
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Eriksson M, Chen H, Carlsson L, Nissink JWM, Cumming JG, Nilsson I. Beyond the Scope of Free-Wilson Analysis. 2: Can Distance Encoded R-Group Fingerprints Provide Interpretable Nonlinear Models? J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1117-28. [DOI: 10.1021/ci500075q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Eriksson
- Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, ‡CVMD Innovative Medicines and §Computational Toxicology, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and ⊥Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Hongming Chen
- Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, ‡CVMD Innovative Medicines and §Computational Toxicology, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and ⊥Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Lars Carlsson
- Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, ‡CVMD Innovative Medicines and §Computational Toxicology, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and ⊥Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - J. Willem M. Nissink
- Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, ‡CVMD Innovative Medicines and §Computational Toxicology, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and ⊥Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - John G. Cumming
- Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, ‡CVMD Innovative Medicines and §Computational Toxicology, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and ⊥Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Ingemar Nilsson
- Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, ‡CVMD Innovative Medicines and §Computational Toxicology, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and ⊥Chemistry Innovation Center, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
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33
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Bourbeau MP, Siegmund A, Allen JG, Shu H, Fotsch C, Bartberger MD, Kim KW, Komorowski R, Graham M, Busby J, Wang M, Meyer J, Xu Y, Salyers K, Fielden M, Véniant MM, Gu W. Piperazine oxadiazole inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. J Med Chem 2013; 56:10132-41. [PMID: 24294923 DOI: 10.1021/jm401601s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a target of interest for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Starting from a biphenyloxadiazole screening hit, a series of piperazine oxadiazole ACC inhibitors was developed. Initial pharmacokinetic liabilities of the piperazine oxadiazoles were overcome by blocking predicted sites of metabolism, resulting in compounds with suitable properties for further in vivo studies. Compound 26 was shown to inhibit malonyl-CoA production in an in vivo pharmacodynamic assay and was advanced to a long-term efficacy study. Prolonged dosing with compound 26 resulted in impaired glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL6 mice, an unexpected finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Bourbeau
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Diseases Research, §Pharmacokinetics/Drug Metabolism, and ∥Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc. , 1 Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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Griffith DA, Dow RL, Huard K, Edmonds DJ, Bagley SW, Polivkova J, Zeng D, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Southers JA, Esler W, Amor P, Loomis K, McPherson K, Bahnck KB, Préville C, Banks T, Moore DE, Mathiowetz AM, Menhaji-Klotz E, Smith AC, Doran SD, Beebe DA, Dunn MF. Spirolactam-based acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors: toward improved metabolic stability of a chromanone lead structure. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7110-9. [PMID: 23981033 DOI: 10.1021/jm401033t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-determining step in de novo lipogenesis and plays a crucial role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Alterations in lipid metabolism are believed to contribute to insulin resistance; thus inhibition of ACC offers a promising option for intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein we disclose a series of ACC inhibitors based on a spirocyclic pyrazololactam core. The lactam series has improved chemical and metabolic stability relative to our previously reported pyrazoloketone series, while retaining potent inhibition of ACC1 and ACC2. Optimization of the pyrazole and amide substituents led to quinoline amide 21, which was advanced to preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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35
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Bora PP, Bihani M, Bez G. Multicomponent synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles catalyzed by lipase from Aspergillus niger. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Chen H, Carlsson L, Eriksson M, Varkonyi P, Norinder U, Nilsson I. Beyond the Scope of Free-Wilson Analysis: Building Interpretable QSAR Models with Machine Learning Algorithms. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1324-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ci4001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ulf Norinder
- CNSP Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, Sweden
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37
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Akbar S, Srinivasan K. A Tandem Strategy for the Synthesis of 1H-Benzo[g]indazoles and Naphtho[2,1-d]isoxazoles fromo-Alkynylarene Chalcones. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Goldberg FW, Leach AG, Scott JS, Snelson WL, Groombridge SD, Donald CS, Bennett SNL, Bodin C, Gutierrez PM, Gyte AC. Free-Wilson and Structural Approaches to Co-optimizing Human and Rodent Isoform Potency for 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10652-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3013163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy L. Snelson
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Sam D. Groombridge
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Donald
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cristian Bodin
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amy C. Gyte
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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39
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Huard K, Bagley SW, Menhaji-Klotz E, Préville C, Southers JA, Smith AC, Edmonds DJ, Lucas JC, Dunn MF, Allanson NM, Blaney EL, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Kohrt JT, Griffith DA, Dow RL. Synthesis of Spiropiperidine Lactam Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10050-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3014808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W. Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elnaz Menhaji-Klotz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathy Préville
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James A. Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C. Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David J. Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John C. Lucas
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Dunn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nigel M. Allanson
- Peakdale Molecular Ltd, Peakdale Science Park, Sheffield Road, Chapel-en-le-Frith,
High Peak, SK23 0PG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Blaney
- Peakdale Molecular Ltd, Peakdale Science Park, Sheffield Road, Chapel-en-le-Frith,
High Peak, SK23 0PG, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen N. Garcia-Irizarry
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Kohrt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A. Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert L. Dow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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40
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Nilsson I, Polla MO. Composite multi-parameter ranking of real and virtual compounds for design of MC4R agonists: Renaissance of the Free-Wilson methodology. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1143-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Structure and function of biotin-dependent carboxylases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:863-91. [PMID: 22869039 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-dependent carboxylases include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), geranyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and urea carboxylase (UC). They contain biotin carboxylase (BC), carboxyltransferase (CT), and biotin-carboxyl carrier protein components. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, polyketide biosynthesis, urea utilization, and other cellular processes. ACCs are also attractive targets for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, microbial infections, and other diseases, and the plastid ACC of grasses is the target of action of three classes of commercial herbicides. Deficiencies in the activities of PCC, MCC, or PC are linked to serious diseases in humans. Our understanding of these enzymes has been greatly enhanced over the past few years by the crystal structures of the holoenzymes of PCC, MCC, PC, and UC. The structures reveal unanticipated features in the architectures of the holoenzymes, including the presence of previously unrecognized domains, and provide a molecular basis for understanding their catalytic mechanism as well as the large collection of disease-causing mutations in PCC, MCC, and PC. This review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge on the structure and function of these important metabolic enzymes.
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42
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Limberakis C, Li J, Balan G, Griffith DA, Kung DW, Rose C, Vrieze D. Complementary α-alkylation approaches for a sterically hindered spiro[pyrazolopyranpiperidine]ketone. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Bagley SW, Southers JA, Cabral S, Rose CR, Bernhardson DJ, Edmonds DJ, Polivkova J, Yang X, Kung DW, Griffith DA, Bader SJ. Synthesis of 7-Oxo-dihydrospiro[indazole-5,4′-piperidine] Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1497-506. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James A. Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Colin R. Rose
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David J. Bernhardson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David J. Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A. Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott J. Bader
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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