1
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Krajczy P, Meyners C, Repity ML, Hausch F. Structure-Based Design of Ultrapotent Tricyclic Ligands for FK506-Binding Proteins. Chemistry 2024:e202401405. [PMID: 38837733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Access to small, rigid, and sp3-rich molecules is a major limitation in the drug discovery for challenging protein targets. FK506-binding proteins hold high potential as drug targets or enablers of molecular glues but are fastidious in the chemotypes accepted as ligands. We here report an enantioselective synthesis of a highly rigidified pipecolate-mimicking tricyclic scaffold that precisely positions functional groups for interacting with FKBPs. This was enabled by a 14-step gram-scale synthesis featuring anodic oxidation, stereospecific vinylation, and N-acyl iminium cyclization. Structure-based optimization resulted in the discovery of FKBP inhibitors with picomolar biochemical and subnanomolar cellular activity that represent the most potent FKBP ligands known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Krajczy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Maximilian L Repity
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64283, Germany
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2
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Deutscher RCE, Safa Karagöz M, Purder PL, Kolos JM, Meyners C, Oki Sugiarto W, Krajczy P, Tebbe F, Geiger TM, Ünal C, Hellmich UA, Steinert M, Hausch F. [4.3.1]Bicyclic FKBP Ligands Inhibit Legionella Pneumophila Infection by LpMip-Dependent and LpMip-Independent Mechanisms. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300442. [PMID: 37489700 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, a serious form of pneumonia. Its macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip), a member of a highly conserved family of FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), plays a major role in the proliferation of the gram-negative bacterium in host organisms. In this work, we test our library of >1000 FKBP-focused ligands for inhibition of LpMip. The [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamide turned out as a highly preferred scaffold and provided the most potent LpMip inhibitors known so far. Selected compounds were non-toxic to human cells, displayed antibacterial activity and block bacterial proliferation in cellular infection-assays as well as infectivity in human lung tissue explants. The results confirm [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamides as anti-legionellal agents, although their anti-infective properties cannot be explained by inhibition of LpMip alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C E Deutscher
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Safa Karagöz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Kolos
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wisely Oki Sugiarto
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patryk Krajczy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Germany, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas M Geiger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Can Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Germany, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankurt/Main, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Purder P, Meyners C, Sugiarto WO, Kolos J, Löhr F, Gebel J, Nehls T, Dötsch V, Lermyte F, Hausch F. Deconstructing Protein Binding of Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Analogues. JACS AU 2023; 3:2478-2486. [PMID: 37772190 PMCID: PMC10523370 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are one of the most important pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry, and sulfonamide analogues have gained substantial interest in recent years. However, the protein interactions of sulfonamides and especially of their analogues are underexplored. Using FKBP12 as a model system, we describe the synthesis of optically pure sulfenamide, sulfinamide, and sulfonimidamide analogues of a well characterized sulfonamide ligand. This allowed us to precisely determine the binding contributions of each sulfonamide oxygen atom and the consequences of nitrogen replacements. We also present high-resolution cocrystal structures of sulfonamide analogues buried in the pocket of a protein target. This revealed intimate contacts with the protein including an unprecedented hydrogen bond acceptor of sulfonimidamides. The use of sulfonamide analogues enabled new exit vectors that allowed remodeling of a subpocket in FKBP12. Our results illuminate the protein interaction potential of sulfonamides/sulfonamide analogues and will aid in their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
L. Purder
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wisely Oki Sugiarto
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute
of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jakob Gebel
- Institute
of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Nehls
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute
of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology, Technical University
of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Buffa V, Knaup FH, Heymann T, Springer M, Schmidt MV, Hausch F. Analysis of the Selective Antagonist SAFit2 as a Chemical Probe for the FK506-Binding Protein 51. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:361-371. [PMID: 36926456 PMCID: PMC10012253 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as an important regulator of the mammalian stress response and is involved in persistent pain states and metabolic pathways. The FK506 analog SAFit2 (short for selective antagonist of FKBP51 by induced fit) was the first potent and selective FKBP51 ligand with an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. At present, SAFit2 represents the gold standard for FKBP51 pharmacology and has been extensively used in numerous biological studies. Here we review the current knowledge on SAFit2 as well as guidelines for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buffa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fabian H. Knaup
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Margherita Springer
- Research
Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V. Schmidt
- Research
Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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5
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Han JT, Zhu Y, Pan DB, Xue HX, Wang S, Peng Y, Liu H, He YX, Yao X. Discovery of pentapeptide-inhibitor hits targeting FKBP51 by combining computational modeling and X-ray crystallography. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4079-4091. [PMID: 34401048 PMCID: PMC8329522 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
FKBP51 is well-known as a cochaperone of Hsp90 machinery and implicated in many human diseases including stress-related diseases, tau-mediated neurodegeneration and cancers, which makes FKBP51 an attractive drug target for the therapy of FKBP51-associated diseases. However, it has been reported that only nature product rapamycin, cyclosporine A, FK506 and its derivatives exhibit good binding affinities when bound to FKBP51 by now. Given the advantages of peptide-inhibitors, we designed and obtained 20 peptide-inhibitor hits through structure-based drug design. We further characterized the interaction modes of the peptide-inhibitor hits on the FK1 domain of FKBP51 by biochemical and structural biology methods. Structural analysis revealed that peptide-inhibitor hits form U-shaped conformations and occupy the FK506 binding pocket and share similar interaction modes with FK506. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we delved into the interaction dynamics and found that hits are anchored to the FK506 binding pocket in a quite stable conformation. Meanwhile, it was shown that interactions between FK1 and peptide-inhibitor hits are mainly attributed to the hydrogen bond networks comprising I87 and Y113 and FPF cores of peptide-inhibitors involved extensive hydrophobic interactions. We presumed that the peptide design strategy based on the small molecule structure probably shed new lights on the peptide-inhibitor discovery of other targets. The findings presented here could also serve as a structural basis and starting point facilitating the optimization and generation of FKBP51 peptide-inhibitors with better bio-activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ting Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongchang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Da-Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiandongnan Vocational & Technical College for Nationalities, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Xue
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yali Peng
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Xing He
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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6
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Voll AM, Meyners C, Taubert MC, Bajaj T, Heymann T, Merz S, Charalampidou A, Kolos J, Purder PL, Geiger TM, Wessig P, Gassen NC, Bracher A, Hausch F. Makrozyklische FKBP51‐Liganden enthüllen einen transienten Bindungsmodus mit erhöhter Selektivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Voll
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Martha C. Taubert
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bonn Venusberg Campus 1 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Patrick L. Purder
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Thomas M. Geiger
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Universität Potsdam Institut für Chemie Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bonn Venusberg Campus 1 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
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7
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Voll AM, Meyners C, Taubert MC, Bajaj T, Heymann T, Merz S, Charalampidou A, Kolos J, Purder PL, Geiger TM, Wessig P, Gassen NC, Bracher A, Hausch F. Macrocyclic FKBP51 Ligands Define a Transient Binding Mode with Enhanced Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13257-13263. [PMID: 33843131 PMCID: PMC8252719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Subtype selectivity represents a challenge in many drug discovery campaigns. A typical example is the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51), which has emerged as an attractive drug target. The most advanced FKBP51 ligands of the SAFit class are highly selective vs. FKBP52 but poorly discriminate against the homologs and off-targets FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. During a macrocyclization pilot study, we observed that many of these macrocyclic analogs have unanticipated and unprecedented preference for FKBP51 over FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. Structural studies revealed that these macrocycles bind with a new binding mode featuring a transient conformation, which is disfavored for the small FKBPs. Using a conformation-sensitive assay we show that this binding mode occurs in solution and is characteristic for this new class of compounds. The discovered macrocycles are non-immunosuppressive, engage FKBP51 in cells, and block the cellular effect of FKBP51 on IKKα. Our findings provide a new chemical scaffold for improved FKBP51 ligands and the structural basis for enhanced selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Voll
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Martha C. Taubert
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group NeurohomeostasisDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnVenusberg Campus 153127BonnGermany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Patrick L. Purder
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Thomas M. Geiger
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Universität PotsdamInstitut für ChemieKarl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- Research Group NeurohomeostasisDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnVenusberg Campus 153127BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max-Planck-Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
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8
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Jung JA, Yoon YJ. Development of Non-Immunosuppressive FK506 Derivatives as Antifungal and Neurotrophic Agents. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1-10. [PMID: 31752059 PMCID: PMC9728173 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FK506, also known as tacrolimus, is a clinically important immunosuppressant drug and has promising therapeutic potentials owing to its antifungal, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative activities. To generate various FK506 derivatives, the structure of FK506 has been modified by chemical methods or biosynthetic pathway engineering. Herein, we describe the mode of the antifungal action of FK506 and the structure-activity relationship of FK506 derivatives in the context of immunosuppressive and antifungal activities. In addition, we discuss the neurotrophic mechanism of FK506 known to date, along with the neurotrophic FK506 derivatives with significantly reduced immunosuppressive activity. This review suggests the possibility to generate novel FK506 derivatives as antifungal as well as neuroregenerative/neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Joon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-3277-4082 Fax: +82-2-3277-3419 E-mail:
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9
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Feng X, Sippel C, Knaup FH, Bracher A, Staibano S, Romano MF, Hausch F. A Novel Decalin-Based Bicyclic Scaffold for FKBP51-Selective Ligands. J Med Chem 2019; 63:231-240. [PMID: 31800244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of FKBP51 has emerged as possible novel treatment for diseases like major depressive disorder, obesity, chronic pain, and certain cancers. The current FKBP51 inhibitors are rather large, flexible, and have to be further optimized. By using a structure-based rigidification strategy, we hereby report the design and synthesis of a novel promising bicyclic scaffold for FKBP51 ligands. The structure-activity analysis revealed the decalin scaffold as the best moiety for the selectivity-enabling subpocket of FBKP51. The resulting compounds retain high potency for FKBP51 and excellent selectivity over the close homologue FKBP52. With the cocrystal structure of an advanced ligand in this novel series, we show how the decalin locks the key selectivity-inducing cyclohexyl moiety of the ligand in a conformation typical for FKBP51-selective binding. The best compound 29 produces cell death in a HeLa-derived KB cell line, a cellular model of cervical adenocarcinoma, where FKBP51 is highly overexpressed. Our results show how FKBP51 inhibitors can be rigidified and extended while preserving FKBP51 selectivity. Such inhibitors might be novel tools in the treatment of human cancers with deregulated FKBP51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Feng
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstrasse 2 , 80804 Munich , Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstrasse 2 , 80804 Munich , Germany
| | - Fabian H Knaup
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Maria F Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies , Federico II University , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Felix Hausch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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10
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Hähle A, Geiger TM, Merz S, Meyners C, Tianqi M, Kolos J, Hausch F. FKBP51 and FKBP12.6-Novel and tight interactors of Glomulin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221926. [PMID: 31490997 PMCID: PMC6730887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein factor Glomulin (Glmn) is a regulator of the SCF (Skp1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. Mutations of Glmn lead to glomuvenous malformations. Glmn has been reported to be associated with FK506-binding proteins (FKBP). Here we present in vitro binding analyses of the FKBP—Glmn interaction. Interestingly, the previously described interaction of Glmn and FKBP12 was found to be comparatively weak. Instead, the closely related FKBP12.6 and FKBP51 emerged as novel binding partners. We show different binding affinities of full length and truncated FKBP51 and FKBP52 mutants. Using FKBP51 as a model system, we show that two amino acids lining the FK506-binding site are essential for binding Glmn and that the FKBP51-Glmn interaction is blocked by FKBP ligands. This data suggest FKBP inhibition as a pharmacological approach to regulate Glmn and Glmn-controlled processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hähle
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Geiger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mao Tianqi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Jagtap PKA, Asami S, Sippel C, Kaila VRI, Hausch F, Sattler M. Selective Inhibitors of FKBP51 Employ Conformational Selection of Dynamic Invisible States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar Ankush Jagtap
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare NMR-SpektroskopieTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Sam Asami
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare NMR-SpektroskopieTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Kraepelinstr. 2–10 80804 Munich Germany
| | - Ville R. I. Kaila
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Kraepelinstr. 2–10 80804 Munich Germany
- Present address: Structure-Based Drug ResearchTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare NMR-SpektroskopieTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
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12
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Jagtap PKA, Asami S, Sippel C, Kaila VRI, Hausch F, Sattler M. Selective Inhibitors of FKBP51 Employ Conformational Selection of Dynamic Invisible States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9429-9433. [PMID: 31100184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered SAFit class of inhibitors against the Hsp90 co-chaperone FKBP51 show greater than 10 000-fold selectivity over its closely related paralogue FKBP52. However, the mechanism underlying this selectivity remained unknown. By combining NMR spectroscopy, biophysical and computational methods with mutational analysis, we show that the SAFit molecules bind to a transient pocket in FKBP51. This represents a weakly populated conformation resembling the inhibitor-bound state of FKBP51, suggesting conformational selection rather than induced fit as the major binding mechanism. The inhibitor-bound conformation of FKBP51 is stabilized by an allosteric network of residues located away from the inhibitor-binding site. These residues stabilize the Phe67 side chain in a dynamic outward conformation and are distinct in FKBP52, thus rationalizing the basis for the selectivity of SAFit inhibitors. Our results represent a paradigm for the selective inhibition of transient binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar Ankush Jagtap
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare NMR-Spektroskopie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Sam Asami
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare NMR-Spektroskopie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Ville R I Kaila
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Present address: Structure-Based Drug Research, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare NMR-Spektroskopie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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13
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Byrne C, Belnou M, Baulieu E, Lequin O, Jacquot Y. Electronic circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of peptides derived from the FKBP52‐interacting β‐turn of the hERα ligand‐binding domain. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cillian Byrne
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale SupérieurePSL University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules Paris France
- Institut Baulieu, Université Paris‐SaclayINSERM UMR 1195, Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
| | - Mathilde Belnou
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale SupérieurePSL University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules Paris France
| | - Etienne‐Emile Baulieu
- Institut Baulieu, Université Paris‐SaclayINSERM UMR 1195, Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale SupérieurePSL University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules Paris France
| | - Yves Jacquot
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale SupérieurePSL University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules Paris France
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14
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Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as a key regulator of endocrine stress responses in mammals and as a potential therapeutic target for stress-related disorders (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes) and chronic pain. Recently, FKBP51 has been implicated in several cellular pathways and numerous interacting protein partners have been reported. However, no consensus on the underlying molecular mechanisms has yet emerged. Here, we review the protein interaction partners reported for FKBP51, the proposed pathways involved, their relevance to FKBP51’s physiological function(s), the interplay with other FKBPs, and implications for the development of FKBP51-directed drugs.
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15
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Menke A. Is the HPA Axis as Target for Depression Outdated, or Is There a New Hope? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30890970 PMCID: PMC6413696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very common stress-related mental disorder that carries a huge burden for affected patients and the society. It is associated with a high mortality that derives from suicidality and the development of serious medical conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, and stroke. Although a range of effective antidepressants are available, more than 50% of the patients do not respond to the first treatment they are prescribed and around 30% fail to respond even after several treatment attempts. The heterogeneous condition of MDD, the lack of biomarkers matching patients with the right treatments and the situation that almost all available drugs are only targeting the serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine signaling, without regulating other potentially dysregulated systems may explain the insufficient treatment status. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of these other systems, there is numerous and robust evidence that it is implicated in MDD and other stress-related conditions, but up to date there is no specific drug targeting HPA axis components that is approved and no test that is routinely used in the clinical setting identifying patients for such a specific treatment. Is there still hope after these many years for a breakthrough of agents targeting the HPA axis? This review will cover tests detecting altered HPA axis function and the specific treatment options such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 (CRH1) receptor antagonists, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Menke
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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16
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Kolos JM, Voll AM, Bauder M, Hausch F. FKBP Ligands-Where We Are and Where to Go? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1425. [PMID: 30568592 PMCID: PMC6290070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many members of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family were increasingly linked to various diseases. The binding domain of FKBPs differs only in a few amino acid residues, but their biological roles are versatile. High-affinity ligands with selectivity between close homologs are scarce. This review will give an overview of the most prominent ligands developed for FKBPs and highlight a perspective for future developments. More precisely, human FKBPs and correlated diseases will be discussed as well as microbial FKBPs in the context of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal therapeutics. The last section gives insights into high-affinity ligands as chemical tools and dimerizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
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17
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Menke A. Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry's future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2018; 11:211-222. [PMID: 30510440 PMCID: PMC6250105 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s146110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders account for around one-third of disability worldwide and cause enormous personal and societal burden. Current pharmacotherapies and nonpharmacotherapies do help many patients, but there are still high rates of partial or no response, delayed effect, and unfavorable adverse effects. The current diagnostic taxonomy of mental disorders by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases relies on presenting signs and symptoms, but does not reflect evidence from neurobiological and behavioral systems. However, in the last decades, the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying mental disorders has grown and can be used for the development of precision medicine, that is, to deliver a patient-tailored individual treatment. Precision medicine may incorporate genetic variants contributing to the mental disorder and the response to pharmacotherapies, but also consider gene ¥ environment interactions, blood-based markers, neuropsychological tests, data from electronic health records, early life adversity, stressful life events, and very proximal factors such as lifestyle, nutrition, and sport. Methods such as artificial intelligence and the underlying machine learning and deep learning approaches provide the framework to stratify patients, initiate specific tailored treatments and thus increase response rates, reduce adverse effects and medical errors. In conclusion, precision medicine uses measurable health parameters to identify individuals at risk of a mental disorder, to improve the diagnostic process and to deliver a patient-tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Menke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany,
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany,
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany,
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18
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Pomplun S, Sippel C, Hähle A, Tay D, Shima K, Klages A, Ünal CM, Rieß B, Toh HT, Hansen G, Yoon HS, Bracher A, Preiser P, Rupp J, Steinert M, Hausch F. Chemogenomic Profiling of Human and Microbial FK506-Binding Proteins. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3660-3673. [PMID: 29578710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that display peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activities and act as coreceptors for immunosuppressants. Microbial macrophage-infectivity-potentiator (Mip)-type FKBPs can enhance infectivity. However, developing druglike ligands for FKBPs or Mips has proven difficult, and many FKBPs and Mips still lack biologically useful ligands. To explore the scope and potential of C5-substituted [4.3.1]-aza-bicyclic sulfonamides as a broadly applicable class of FKBP inhibitors, we developed a new synthesis method for the bicyclic core scaffold and used it to prepare an FKBP- and Mip-focused library. This allowed us to perform a systematic structure-activity-relationship analysis across key human FKBPs and microbial Mips, yielding highly improved inhibitors for all the FKBPs studied. A cocrystal structure confirmed the molecular-binding mode of the core structure and explained the affinity gained as a result of the preferred substituents. The best FKBP and Mip ligands showed promising antimalarial, antileginonellal, and antichlamydial properties in cellular models of infectivity, suggesting that substituted [4.3.1]-aza-bicyclic sulfonamides could be a novel class of anti-infectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , 80804 Munich , Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , 80804 Munich , Germany
| | - Andreas Hähle
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , 80804 Munich , Germany.,Technical University Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Donald Tay
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Kensuke Shima
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology , University of Lübeck , 23562 Lübeck , Germany
| | - Alina Klages
- Technische Universität Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Can Murat Ünal
- Technische Universität Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Benedikt Rieß
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , 80804 Munich , Germany
| | - Hui Ting Toh
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | | | - Ho Sup Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Peter Preiser
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology , University of Lübeck , 23562 Lübeck , Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology , University of Lübeck , 23562 Lübeck , Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , 80804 Munich , Germany.,Technical University Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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19
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Shi D, Bai Q, Zhou S, Liu X, Liu H, Yao X. Molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy calculation and unbinding pathway analysis on selectivity difference between FKBP51 and FKBP52: Insight into the molecular mechanism of isoform selectivity. Proteins 2017; 86:43-56. [PMID: 29023988 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As co-chaperones of the 90-kDa heat shock protein(HSP90), FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) and FK506 binding protein 52 (FKBP52) modulate the maturation of steroid hormone receptor through their specific FK1 domains (FKBP12-like domain 1). The inhibitors targeting FK1 domains are potential therapies for endocrine-related physiological disorders. However, the structural conservation of the FK1 domains between FKBP51 and FKBP52 make it difficult to obtain satisfactory selectivity in FK506-based drug design. Fortunately, a series of iFit ligands synthesized by Hausch et al exhibited excellent selectivity for FKBP51, providing new opportunity for design selective inhibitors. We performed molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy calculation and unbinding pathway analysis to reveal selective mechanism for the inhibitor iFit4 binding with FKBP51 and FKBP52. The conformational stability evaluation of the "Phe67-in" and "Phe67-out" states implies that FKBP51 and FKBP52 have different preferences for "Phe67-in" and "Phe67-out" states, which we suggest as the determinant factor for the selectivity for FKBP51. The binding free energy calculations demonstrate that nonpolar interaction is favorable for the inhibitors binding, while the polar interaction and entropy contribution are adverse for the inhibitors binding. According to the results from binding free energy decomposition, the electrostatic difference of residue 85 causes the most significant thermodynamics effects on the binding of iFit4 to FKBP51 and FKBP52. Furthermore, the importance of substructure units on iFit4 were further evaluated by unbinding pathway analysis and residue-residue contact analysis between iFit4 and the proteins. The results will provide new clues for the design of selective inhibitors for FKBP51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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20
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LeMaster DM, Hernandez G. Conformational Dynamics in FKBP Domains: Relevance to Molecular Signaling and Drug Design. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2016; 9:5-26. [PMID: 25986571 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150519113146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Among the 22 FKBP domains in the human genome, FKBP12.6 and the first FKBP domains (FK1) of FKBP51 and FKBP52 are evolutionarily and structurally most similar to the archetypical FKBP12. As such, the development of inhibitors with selectivity among these four FKBP domains poses a significant challenge for structure-based design. The pleiotropic effects of these FKBP domains in a range of signaling processes such as the regulation of ryanodine receptor calcium channels by FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 and steroid receptor regulation by the FK1 domains of FKBP51 and FKBP52 amply justify the efforts to develop selective therapies. In contrast to their close structural similarities, these four FKBP domains exhibit a substantial diversity in their conformational flexibility. A number of distinct conformational transitions have been characterized for FKBP12 spanning timeframes from 20 s to 10 ns and in each case these dynamics have been shown to markedly differ from the conformational behavior for one or more of the other three FKBP domains. Protein flexibilitybased inhibitor design could draw upon the transitions that are significantly populated in only one of the targeted proteins. Both the similarities and differences among these four proteins valuably inform the understanding of how dynamical effects propagate across the FKBP domains as well as potentially how such intramolecular transitions might couple to the larger scale transitions that are central to the signaling complexes in which these FKBP domains function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Griselda Hernandez
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, 12201, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany - SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, 12201, USA.
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21
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Byrne C, Henen MA, Belnou M, Cantrelle FX, Kamah A, Qi H, Giustiniani J, Chambraud B, Baulieu EE, Lippens G, Landrieu I, Jacquot Y. A β-Turn Motif in the Steroid Hormone Receptor’s Ligand-Binding Domains Interacts with the Peptidyl-prolyl Isomerase (PPIase) Catalytic Site of the Immunophilin FKBP52. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5366-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cillian Byrne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure,
PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Baulieu, INSERM UMR 1195, Neuroprotection
and Neuroregeneration,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. Gregory Pincus, 80, rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Morkos A. Henen
- CNRS, UMR 8576,
Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des
Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Belnou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure,
PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- CNRS, UMR 8576,
Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des
Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Amina Kamah
- CNRS, UMR 8576,
Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des
Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Haoling Qi
- CNRS, UMR 8576,
Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des
Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Julien Giustiniani
- Institut Baulieu, INSERM UMR 1195, Neuroprotection
and Neuroregeneration,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. Gregory Pincus, 80, rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Chambraud
- Institut Baulieu, INSERM UMR 1195, Neuroprotection
and Neuroregeneration,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. Gregory Pincus, 80, rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Etienne-Emile Baulieu
- Institut Baulieu, INSERM UMR 1195, Neuroprotection
and Neuroregeneration,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. Gregory Pincus, 80, rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Guy Lippens
- CNRS, UMR 8576,
Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des
Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
- LISBP,
Université
de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- CNRS, UMR 8576,
Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des
Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Yves Jacquot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure,
PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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22
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Gaali S, Feng X, Hähle A, Sippel C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Rapid, Structure-Based Exploration of Pipecolic Acid Amides as Novel Selective Antagonists of the FK506-Binding Protein 51. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2410-22. [PMID: 26954324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is a key regulator of stress hormone receptors and an established risk factor for stress-related disorders. Drug development for FKBP51 has been impaired by the structurally similar but functionally opposing homologue FKBP52. High selectivity between FKBP51 and FKBP52 can be achieved by ligands that stabilize a recently discovered FKBP51-favoring conformation. However, drug-like parameters for these ligands remained unfavorable. In the present study, we replaced the potentially labile pipecolic ester group of previous FKBP51 ligands by various low molecular weight amides. This resulted in the first series of pipecolic acid amides, which had much lower molecular weights without affecting FKBP51 selectivity. We discovered a geminally substituted cyclopentyl amide as a preferred FKBP51-binding motif and elucidated its binding mode to provide a new lead structure for future drug optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Gaali
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Xixi Feng
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Hähle
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
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23
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Feng X, Sippel C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Structure–Affinity Relationship Analysis of Selective FKBP51 Ligands. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7796-806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Feng
- Department
of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Department
of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department
of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Anxiety-related psychiatric disorders represent one of the largest health burdens worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) gene have been repeatedly associated with anxiety-related disorders and stress sensitivity. Given the intimate relationship of stress and anxiety, we hypothesized that amygdala FKBP51 may mediate anxiety-related behaviors. Mimicking the stress effect by specifically overexpressing FKBP51 in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) or central amygdala resulted in increased anxiety-related behavior, respectively. In contrast, application of a highly selective FKBP51 point mutant antagonist, following FKBP51(mut) BLA-overexpression, reduced the anxiogenic phenotype. We subsequently tested a novel FKBP51 antagonist, SAFit2, in wild-type mice via BLA microinjections, which reduced anxiety-related behavior. Remarkably, the same effect was observed following peripheral administration of SAFit2. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study using a specific FKBP51 antagonist, thereby unraveling the role of FKBP51 and its potential as a novel drug target for the improved treatment of anxiety-related disorders.
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25
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Hausch F. FKBPs and their role in neuronal signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2035-40. [PMID: 25615537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligands for FK506-binding proteins, also referred to as neuroimmunophilin ligands, have repeatedly been described as neuritotrophic, neuroprotective or neuroregenerative agents. However, the precise molecular mechanism of action underlying the observed effects has remained elusive, which eventually led to a reduced interest in FKBP ligand development. SCOPE OF REVIEW A survey is presented on the pharmacology of neuroimmunophilin ligands, of the current understanding of individual FKBP homologs in neuronal processes and an assessment of their potential as drug targets for CNS disorders. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS FKBP51 is the major target accounting for the neuritotrophic effect of neuroimmunophilin ligands. Selectivity against the homolog FKBP52 is essential for optimal neuritotrophic efficacy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Selectivity within the FKBP family, in particular selective inhibition of FKBP12 or FKBP51, is possible. FKBP51 is a pharmacologically tractable target for stress-related disorders. The role of FKBPs in neurodegeneration remains to be clarified. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hausch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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26
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Selective inhibitors of the FK506-binding protein 51 by induced fit. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 11:33-7. [PMID: 25436518 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51, encoded by the FKBP5 gene) is an established risk factor for stress-related psychiatric disorders such as major depression. Drug discovery for FKBP51 has been hampered by the inability to pharmacologically differentiate against the structurally similar but functional opposing homolog FKBP52, and all known FKBP ligands are unselective. Here, we report the discovery of the potent and highly selective inhibitors of FKBP51, SAFit1 and SAFit2. This new class of ligands achieves selectivity for FKBP51 by an induced-fit mechanism that is much less favorable for FKBP52. By using these ligands, we demonstrate that selective inhibition of FKBP51 enhances neurite elongation in neuronal cultures and improves neuroendocrine feedback and stress-coping behavior in mice. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of mechanistically new antidepressants.
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27
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Pomplun S, Wang Y, Kirschner A, Kozany C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Rationales Design und asymmetrische Synthese potenter neuritotropher Liganden für FK506‐bindende Proteine (FKBPs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
| | - Yansong Wang
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
- Derzeitige Adresse: Europäisches Labor für Molekularbiologie, 69117 Heidelberg (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Kirschner
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
| | - Christian Kozany
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Biochemie, 82152 Martinsried (Deutschland)
| | - Felix Hausch
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
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28
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Pomplun S, Wang Y, Kirschner A, Kozany C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Rational design and asymmetric synthesis of potent and neurotrophic ligands for FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:345-8. [PMID: 25412894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To create highly efficient inhibitors for FK506-binding proteins, a new asymmetric synthesis for pro-(S)-C(5) -branched [4.3.1] aza-amide bicycles was developed. The key step of the synthesis is an HF-driven N-acyliminium cyclization. Functionalization of the C(5) moiety resulted in novel protein contacts with the psychiatric risk factor FKBP51, which led to a more than 280-fold enhancement in affinity. The most potent ligands facilitated the differentiation of N2a neuroblastoma cells with low nanomolar potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich (Germany)
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29
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Bischoff M, Sippel C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Stereoselective construction of the 5-hydroxy diazabicyclo[4.3.1]decane-2-one scaffold, a privileged motif for FK506-binding proteins. Org Lett 2014; 16:5254-7. [PMID: 25286062 DOI: 10.1021/ol5023195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of a derivatized bicyclic [4.3.1]decane scaffold based on an acyclic precursor is described. The key steps involve a Pd-catalyzed sp(3)-sp(2) Negishi-coupling, an asymmetric Shi epoxidation, and an intramolecular epoxide opening. Representative derivatives of this novel scaffold were synthesized and found to be potent inhibitors of the psychiatric risk factor FKBP51, which bound to FKBP51 with the intended molecular binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bischoff
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstr. 2, 80804 München, Germany
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30
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Differential conformational dynamics in the closely homologous FK506-binding domains of FKBP51 and FKBP52. Biochem J 2014; 461:115-23. [PMID: 24749623 PMCID: PMC4060953 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As co-chaperones of Hsp90 (heat-shock protein 90), FKBP51 (FK506-binding protein of 51 kDa) and FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein of 52 kDa) act as antagonists in regulating the hormone affinity and nuclear transport of steroid receptor complexes. Exchange of Leu119 in FKBP51 for Pro119 in FKBP52 has been shown to largely reverse the steroid receptor activities of FKBP51 and FKBP52. To examine whether differences in conformational dynamics/plasticity might correlate with changes in the reported receptor activities, 15N-NMR relaxation measurements were carried out on the N-terminal FKBP domains of FKBP51 and FKBP52 as well as their residue-swapped variants. Both proteins exhibit a similar pattern of motion in the picosecond–nanosecond timeframe as well as a small degree of 15N line-broadening, indicative of motion in the microsecond–millisecond timeframe, in the β3a strand of the central sheet. Only the FKBP51 domain exhibits much larger line-broadening in the adjacent β3 bulge (40′s loop of FKBP12) and throughout the long β4–β5 loop (80′s loop of FKBP12). The L119P mutation at the tip of the β4–β5 loop completely suppressed the line-broadening in this loop while partially suppressing the line-broadening in the neighbouring β2 and β3a strands. The complementary P119L and P119L/P124S variants of FKBP52 yielded similar patterns of line-broadening for the β4–β5 loop as that for FKBP51, although only 20% and 60% as intense respectively. However, despite the close structural similarity in the packing interactions between the β4–β5 loop and the β3a strand for FKBP51 and FKBP52, the line-broadening in the β3a strand is unaffected by the P119L or P119L/P124S mutations in FKBP52. Unlike FKBP52, the FK1 domain of FKBP51 exhibits microsecond–millisecond conformational dynamics in the β3 bulge and the β4–β5 loop, known sites of protein signalling interactions. Swapping residue 119 yields altered conformational dynamics in a pattern reminiscent of reported modulations in steroid receptor activity.
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31
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Rajan S, Baek K, Yoon HS. C-H…O hydrogen bonds in FK506-binding protein-ligand interactions. J Mol Recognit 2014; 26:550-5. [PMID: 24089362 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are important interaction forces observed in protein structures. They can be classified as stronger or weaker depending on their energy, thereby reflecting on the type of donor. The contribution of weak hydrogen bonds is deemed as an important factor toward structure stability along with the stronger bonds. One such bond, the C-H…O type hydrogen bond, is shown to make a contribution in maintaining three dimensional structures of proteins. Apart from their presence within protein structures, the role of these bonds in protein-ligand interactions is also noteworthy. In this study, we present a statistical analysis on the presence of C-H…O hydrogen bonds observed between FKBPs and their cognate ligands. The FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) carry peptidyl cis-trans isomerase activity apart from the immunosuppressive property by binding to the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 or rapamycin. Because the active site of FKBPs is lined up by many hydrophobic residues, we speculated that the prevalence of C-H…O hydrogen bonds will be considerable. In a total of 25 structures analyzed, a higher frequency of C-H…O hydrogen bonds is observed in comparison with the stronger hydrogen bonds. These C-H…O hydrogen bonds are dominated by a highly conserved donor, the C(α/β) of Val55 and an acceptor, the backbone oxygen of Glu54. Both these residues are positioned in the β4-α1 loop, whereas the other residues Tyr26, Phe36 and Phe99 with higher frequencies are lined up at the opposite face of the active site. These preferences could be implicated in FKBP pharmacophore models toward enhancing the ligand affinity. This study could be a prelude to studying other proteins with hydrophobic pockets to gain better insights into ligand recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Rajan
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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32
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Ligand-based and structure-based investigation for Alzheimer's disease from traditional chinese medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:364819. [PMID: 24899907 PMCID: PMC4034731 DOI: 10.1155/2014/364819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that was conventionally thought to be related to the sedimentation of beta-amyloids, but drugs designed according to this hypothesis have generally failed. That FKBP52 can reduce the accumulation of tau proteins, and that Tacrolimus can reduce the pathological changes of tau proteins are new directions away from the long held amyloid-beta-centric concept. Therefore, the screening of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for those with higher affinity towards FKBP52 than Tacrolimus may be a new direction for treating Alzheimer's disease. This study utilizes ligand-based and structure-based methods as the foundation. By utilizing dock scores and the predicted pIC50 from SVM, MLR, and Bayesian Network, several TCM compounds were selected for further analysis of their protein-ligand interactions. Daphnetoxin has higher affinity and complex structure stability than Tacrolimus; Lythrancine II exhibits the most identical trends in FKBP52 interactions as Tacrolimus, and 20-O-(2′E,4′E-decadienoyl)ingenol may be further modified at its hydrocarbon chain to promote interaction with FKBP52. In addition, we observed the residue Tyr113 of FKBP52 may play a key role in protein-ligand interaction. Our results indicate that Daphnetoxin, 20-O-(2′E,4′E-decadienoyl)ingenol, and Lythrancine II may be starting points for further modification as a new type of non-amyloid-beta-centric drug for Alzheimer's disease.
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33
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Olivieri L, Gardebien F. Classical force field parameters for two high-affinity ligands of FKBP12. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 49:118-28. [PMID: 24657432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
FKBP12 is an important target in the treatment of transplant rejection and is also a promising target for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We determined for two ligands of nanomolar affinity the set of parameters in the CHARMM force field. The fitting procedure was based on reproducing the quantum chemistry data (distances, angles, and energies). Since the dynamical behavior of such ligands strongly depends on the dihedral angles, care was taken to derive the corresponding parameters. Moreover, since each of the central core region of these two ligands is similar to other known ligands or drugs of other proteins, part at least of these parameters could also be useful for these other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Olivieri
- DSIMB, INSERM, U1134, Paris F-75015, France; Université de la Réunion, UMR_S 1134, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 15, avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex 09, Réunion; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex
| | - Fabrice Gardebien
- DSIMB, INSERM, U1134, Paris F-75015, France; Université de la Réunion, UMR_S 1134, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 15, avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex 09, Réunion; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex.
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34
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Chen H, Mustafi SM, LeMaster DM, Li Z, Héroux A, Li H, Hernández G. Crystal structure and conformational flexibility of the unligated FK506-binding protein FKBP12.6. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:636-46. [PMID: 24598733 PMCID: PMC3949516 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713032112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The primary known physiological function of FKBP12.6 involves its role in regulating the RyR2 isoform of ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) channels in cardiac muscle, pancreatic β islets and the central nervous system. With only a single previously reported X-ray structure of FKBP12.6, bound to the immunosuppressant rapamycin, structural inferences for this protein have been drawn from the more extensive studies of the homologous FKBP12. X-ray structures at 1.70 and 1.90 Å resolution from P2₁ and P3₁21 crystal forms are reported for an unligated cysteine-free variant of FKBP12.6 which exhibit a notable diversity of conformations. In one monomer from the P3₁21 crystal form, the aromatic ring of Phe59 at the base of the active site is rotated perpendicular to its typical orientation, generating a steric conflict for the immunosuppressant-binding mode. The peptide unit linking Gly89 and Val90 at the tip of the protein-recognition `80s loop' is flipped in the P2₁ crystal form. Unlike the >30 reported FKBP12 structures, the backbone conformation of this loop closely follows that of the first FKBP domain of FKBP51. The NMR resonances for 21 backbone amides of FKBP12.6 are doubled, corresponding to a slow conformational transition centered near the tip of the 80s loop, as recently reported for 31 amides of FKBP12. The comparative absence of doubling for residues along the opposite face of the active-site pocket in FKBP12.6 may in part reflect attenuated structural coupling owing to increased conformational plasticity around the Phe59 ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Sourajit M. Mustafi
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - David M. LeMaster
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany – SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Annie Héroux
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany – SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Griselda Hernández
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany – SUNY, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
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35
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Galat A. Functional diversity and pharmacological profiles of the FKBPs and their complexes with small natural ligands. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3243-75. [PMID: 23224428 PMCID: PMC11113493 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From 5 to 12 FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) are encoded in the genomes of disparate marine organisms, which appeared at the dawn of evolutionary events giving rise to primordial multicellular organisms with elaborated internal body plan. Fifteen FKBPs, several FKBP-like proteins and some splicing variants of them are expressed in humans. Human FKBP12 and some of its paralogues bind to different macrocyclic antibiotics such as FK506 or rapamycin and their derivatives. FKBP12/(macrocyclic antibiotic) complexes induce diverse pharmacological activities such as immunosuppression in humans, anticancerous actions and as sustainers of quiescence in certain organisms. Since the FKBPs bind to various assemblies of proteins and other intracellular components, their complexes with the immunosuppressive drugs may differentially perturb miscellaneous cellular functions. Sequence-structure relationships and pharmacological profiles of diverse FKBPs and their involvement in crucial intracellular signalization pathways and modulation of cryptic intercellular communication networks were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Galat
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Bat. 152, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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36
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Bracher A, Kozany C, Hähle A, Wild P, Zacharias M, Hausch F. Crystal structures of the free and ligand-bound FK1-FK2 domain segment of FKBP52 reveal a flexible inter-domain hinge. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:4134-44. [PMID: 23933011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human Hsp90 co-chaperone FKBP52 belongs to the family of FK506-binding proteins, which act as peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. FKBP52 specifically enhances the signaling of steroid hormone receptors, modulates ion channels and regulates neuronal outgrowth dynamics. In turn, small-molecule ligands of FKBP52 have been suggested as potential neurotrophic or anti-prostate cancer agents. The usefulness of available ligands is however limited by a lack of selectivity. The immunophilin FKBP52 is composed of three domains, an FK506-binding domain with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity, an FKBP-like domain of unknown function and a TPR-clamp domain, which recognizes the C-terminal peptide of Hsp90 with high affinity. The herein reported crystal structures of FKBP52 reveal that the short linker connecting the FK506-binding domain and the FKBP-like domain acts as a flexible hinge. This enhanced flexibility and its modulation by phosphorylation might explain some of the functional antagonism between the closely related homologs FKBP51 and FKBP52. We further present two co-crystal structures of FKBP52 in complex with the prototypic ligand FK506 and a synthetic analog thereof. These structures revealed the molecular interactions in great detail, which enabled in-depth comparison with the corresponding complexes of the other cytosolic FKBPs, FKBP51 and FKBP12. The observed subtle differences provide crucial insights for the rational design of ligands with improved selectivity for FKBP52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bracher
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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37
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Abstract
FK506-binding proteins (FKBP) belong to the immunophilin family and are best known for their ability to enable the immunosuppressive properties of FK506 and rapamycin. For rapamycin, this is achieved by inducing inhibitory ternary complexes with the kinase mTOR. The essential accessory protein for this gain-of-function was thought to be FKBP12. We recently showed that this view might be too restricted, since larger FK506-binding proteins can functionally substitute for FKBP12 in mammalian cells. Recent studies have also shown that FK506-binding proteins can modulate Akt-mTOR signaling in the absence of rapamycin. Here we discuss the role of FK506-binding proteins for the mechanism of rapamycin as well as their intrinsic actions on the Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hausch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich, Germany
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38
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Wang Y, Kirschner A, Fabian AK, Gopalakrishnan R, Kress C, Hoogeland B, Koch U, Kozany C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Increasing the efficiency of ligands for FK506-binding protein 51 by conformational control. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3922-35. [PMID: 23647266 DOI: 10.1021/jm400087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The design of efficient ligands remains a key challenge in drug discovery. In the quest for lead-like ligands for the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), we designed two new classes of bicyclic sulfonamides to probe the contribution of conformational energy in these ligands. The [4.3.1] scaffold had consistently higher affinity compared to the [3.3.1] or monocyclic scaffolds, which could be attributed to better preorganization of two key recognition motifs. Surprisingly, the binding of the rigid [4.3.1] scaffold was enthalpy-driven and entropically disfavored compared to the flexible analogues. Cocrystal structures at atomic resolution revealed that the sulfonamide nitrogen in the bicyclic scaffolds can accept an unusual hydrogen bond from Tyr(113) that mimics the putative FKBP transition state. This resulted in the first lead-like, functionally active ligand for FKBP51. Our work exemplifies how atom-efficient ligands can be achieved by careful conformational control even in very open and thus difficult binding sites such as FKBP51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Wang
- AG Chemical Genomics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Kraepelinstraße 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
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39
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Abstract
The immunosuppressant and anticancer drug rapamycin works by inducing inhibitory protein complexes with the kinase mTOR, an important regulator of growth and proliferation. The obligatory accessory partner of rapamycin is believed to be FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12). Here we show that rapamycin complexes of larger FKBP family members can tightly bind to mTOR and potently inhibit its kinase activity. Cocrystal structures with FKBP51 and FKBP52 reveal the modified molecular binding mode of these alternative ternary complexes in detail. In cellular model systems, FKBP12 can be functionally replaced by larger FKBPs. When the rapamycin dosage is limiting, mTOR inhibition of S6K phosphorylation can be enhanced by FKBP51 overexpression in mammalian cells, whereas FKBP12 is dispensable. FKBP51 could also enable the rapamycin-induced hyperphosphorylation of Akt, which depended on higher FKBP levels than rapamycin-induced inhibition of S6K phosphorylation. These insights provide a mechanistic rationale for preferential mTOR inhibition in specific cell or tissue types by engaging specific FKBP homologs.
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40
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Hausch F, Holsboer F. The Seven Pillars of Molecular Pharmacology: GPCR Research Honored with Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12172-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Hausch F, Holsboer F. Die sieben Säulen der molekularen Pharmakologie: GPCR-Forschung mit Chemie-Nobelpreis geehrt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Gopalakrishnan R, Kozany C, Gaali S, Kress C, Hoogeland B, Bracher A, Hausch F. Evaluation of synthetic FK506 analogues as ligands for the FK506-binding proteins 51 and 52. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4114-22. [PMID: 22455444 DOI: 10.1021/jm201746x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The FK506-binding proteins (FKBP) 51 and 52 are cochaperones that modulate the signal transduction of steroid hormone receptors. Both proteins have been implicated in prostate cancer. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding FKBP51 have been associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Rapamycin and FK506 are two macrocyclic natural products that bind to these proteins indiscriminately but with nanomolar affinity. We here report the cocrystal structure of FKBP51 with a simplified α-ketoamide analogue derived from FK506 and the first structure-activity relationship analysis for FKBP51 and FKBP52 based on this compound. In particular, the tert-pentyl group of this ligand was systematically replaced by a cyclohexyl ring system, which more closely resembles the pyranose ring in the high-affinity ligands rapamycin and FK506. The interaction with FKBPs was found to be surprisingly tolerant to the stereochemistry of the attached cyclohexyl substituents. The molecular basis for this tolerance was elucidated by X-ray cocrystallography.
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