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Dou X, Huo T, Liu Y, Pang Z, Su L, Zhao X, Peng X, Liu Z, Zhang L, Jiao N. Discovery of novel and selective farnesoid X receptor antagonists through structure-based virtual screening, preliminary structure-activity relationship study, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116323. [PMID: 38547735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acids receptor and plays a crucial role in regulating bile acids, lipids, and glucose metabolism. Previous research suggests that inhibiting FXR activation can be beneficial in reducing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, offering potential treatment options for metabolic syndrome with lipid disorders. Herein, we report p-acetylaminobenzene sulfonate derivatives as a novel scaffold of FXR antagonists by multistage screening. Among these derivatives, compound F44-A13 exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.1 μM. Furthermore, compound F44-A13 demonstrated effective inhibition of FXR activation in cellular assays and exhibited high selectivity over eleven other nuclear receptors. Besides, compound F44-A13 significantly suppressed the regulation of FXR target genes Shp, Besp, and Cyp7a1, while reducing cholesterol levels in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Pharmacological studies conducted on C57BL/6 mice further confirmed that compound F44-A13 had beneficial effects in reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels. These findings highlight that F44-A13 is a highly selective FXR antagonist that might serve as a useful molecule for further FXR studies as well as the development of FXR antagonists for the potential treatment of metabolic diseases with lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tongyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Zichen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lingyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, China.
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2
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Li Z, Zheng D, Zhang T, Ruan S, Li N, Yu Y, Peng Y, Wang D. The roles of nuclear receptors in cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0343. [PMID: 38099854 PMCID: PMC10727660 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, NAFLD encompasses a pathological process that ranges from simple steatosis to NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, closely associated with numerous extrahepatic diseases. While the initial etiology was believed to be hepatocyte injury caused by lipid toxicity from accumulated triglycerides, recent studies suggest that an imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis is of greater significance. The role of nuclear receptors in regulating liver cholesterol homeostasis has been demonstrated to be crucial. This review summarizes the roles and regulatory mechanisms of nuclear receptors in the 3 main aspects of cholesterol production, excretion, and storage in the liver, as well as their cross talk in reverse cholesterol transport. It is hoped that this review will offer new insights and theoretical foundations for the study of the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD and provide new research directions for extrahepatic diseases associated with NAFLD.
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3
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Wang S, Huan Y, Niu S, Cao H, Yang M, Zhou X, Gao X, Wang X, Shen Z, Fang WS. Discovery of 12β-oxygenated oleanolic acid alkyl esters as potent and selective FXR modulators exhibiting hyperglycemia amelioration in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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He S, Wang J, Zheng J, Luo QQ, Leng H, Zheng S, Peng C, Han B, Zhan G. Organocatalytic (5+1) benzannulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates: synthesis of multisubstituted 4-benzylidene pyrazolones. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01949c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DABCO-catalyzed (5+1) cycloaddition of MBH carbonate undergoes an α-double deprotonation pathway to de novo assemble the benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Sixiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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5
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Jiang L, Zhang H, Xiao D, Wei H, Chen Y. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR): Structures and ligands. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2148-2159. [PMID: 33995909 PMCID: PMC8091178 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid activated nuclear receptor (BAR) and is mainly expressed in the liver and intestine. Upon ligand binding, FXR regulates key genes involved in the metabolic process of bile acid synthesis, transport and reabsorption and is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Because of its important functions, FXR is considered as a promising drug target for the therapy of bile acid-related liver diseases. With the approval of obeticholic acid (OCA) as the first small molecule to target FXR, many other small molecules are being evaluated in clinical trials. This review summarizes the structures of FXR, especially its ligand binding domain, and the development of small molecules (including agonists and antagonists) targeting FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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6
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Teno N, Iguchi Y, Oda K, Yamashita Y, Masuda A, Fujimori K, Une M, Gohda K. Discovery of Orally Active and Nonsteroidal Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Antagonist with Propensity for Accumulation and Responsiveness in Ileum. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:420-425. [PMID: 33738070 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the discovery of analog 15 (FLG249), which is an orally active and nonsteroidal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist in mice with unique profiles, such as a propensity for ileum distribution and the significant control in the expression level of three FXR target genes in mouse ileum. Key design features incorporated in 15 were the introduction of metabolically stable groups in potent and metabolically labile antagonist 9. Our pursuit ultimately identified FXR antagonist 15, which has enabled its assessment in a drug discovery program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | | | - Keigo Gohda
- Computer-Aided Molecular Modeling Research Center, Kansai (CAMM-Kansai), 3-32-302, Tsuto-Otsuka, Nishinomiya 663-8241, Japan
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7
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Zhao Z, Dai X, Li C, Wang X, Tian J, Feng Y, Xie J, Ma C, Nie Z, Fan P, Qian M, He X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Pyrazolone structural motif in medicinal chemistry: Retrospect and prospect. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111893. [PMID: 31761383 PMCID: PMC7115706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pyrazolone structural motif is a critical element of drugs aimed at different biological end-points. Medicinal chemistry researches have synthesized drug-like pyrazolone candidates with several medicinal features including antimicrobial, antitumor, CNS (central nervous system) effect, anti-inflammatory activities and so on. Meanwhile, SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship) investigations have drawn attentions among medicinal chemists, along with a plenty of analogues have been derived for multiple targets. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the biological activity and SAR for pyrazolone analogues, wishing to give an overall retrospect and prospect on the pyrazolone derivatives. The pyrazolone structural motif is a critical element of drugs aimed at different biological end-points. The pyrazolone analogues have been carried out to drug-like candidates with broad range of medicinal properties. This review wishes to give an overall retrospect and prospect on the pyrazolone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xufen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiale Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Cong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhuang Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Peinan Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Mingcheng Qian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
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8
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9
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Identification of potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist showing favorable PK profile and distribution toward target tissues: Comprehensive understanding of structure-activity relationship of FXR antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2220-2227. [PMID: 31029550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antagonizing transcriptional activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the intestine has been reported as an effective means for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. We describe herein that the building blocks necessary to maintain the antagonism of our chemotype were investigated in order to modulate in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior and the tissue distribution without blunting the activity against FXR. A comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship led to analog 30, which is superior to 12 in terms of its pharmacokinetic profiles by oral administration and its tissue distribution toward target tissues (liver and ileum) in rats while preserving the in vitro activity of 12 against FXR. Thus, 30 should be a candidate compound to investigate the effects of inhibiting FXR activity while simultaneously improving the outcome of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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10
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De Marino S, Festa C, Sepe V, Zampella A. Chemistry and Pharmacology of GPBAR1 and FXR Selective Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Antagonists. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:137-165. [PMID: 31201554 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, bile acid receptors FXR and GPBAR1 have attracted the interest of scientific community and companies, as they proved promising targets for the treatment of several diseases, ranging from liver cholestatic disorders to metabolic syndrome, inflammatory states, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and diabetes.Consequently, the development of dual FXR/GPBAR1 agonists, as well as selective targeting of one of these receptors, is considered a hopeful possibility in the treatment of these disorders. Because endogenous bile acids and steroidal ligands, which cover the same chemical space of bile acids, often target both receptor families, speculation on nonsteroidal ligands represents a promising and innovative strategy to selectively target GPBAR1 or FXR.In this review, we summarize the most recent acquisition on natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic steroidal and nonsteroidal ligands, able to interact with FXR and GPBAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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11
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Stefaniak J, Lewis AM, Conole D, Galan SRG, Bataille CJR, Wynne GM, Castaldi MP, Lundbäck T, Russell AJ, Huber KVM. Chemical Instability and Promiscuity of Arylmethylidenepyrazolinone-Based MDMX Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2849-2854. [PMID: 30216042 PMCID: PMC6198280 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the protein-protein interaction between p53 and MDM2/MDMX (MDM4) represents an attractive anticancer strategy for the treatment of p53-competent tumors. Several selective and potent MDM2 inhibitors have been developed and entered the clinic; however, the repertoire of MDMX antagonists is still limited. The arylmethylidenepyrazolinone SJ-172550 has been reported as a selective MDMX antagonist; yet, uncertainties about its mechanism of action have raised doubts about its use as a chemical probe. Here, we show that, in addition to its unclear mode of action, SJ-172550 is unstable in aqueous buffers, giving rise to side products of unknown biological activity. Using an SJ-172550-derived affinity probe, we observed promiscuous binding to cellular proteins whereas cellular thermal shift assays did not reveal a stabilizing effect on MDMX. Overall, our results raise further questions about the interpretation of data using SJ-172550 and related compounds to investigate cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Stefaniak
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Lewis
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien R. G. Galan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carole J. R. Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M. Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M. Paola Castaldi
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela J. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kilian V. M. Huber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Yang M, Zhang M, Wang Z, Tang L, Chen W, Ban S, Li Q. Highly enantioselective Michael addition of pyrazolin-5-ones to nitroolefins catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid derived 4-methylbenzoylthioureas. Chirality 2018; 30:1096-1104. [PMID: 30052289 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cinchona alkaloid-derived 4-methyl/nitro benzoylthioureas were synthesized, which smoothly catalyzed the asymmetric Michael addition of pyrazolin-5-ones to nitroolefins. The results showed that electronic effects of substituents in the benzene ring of benzoylthioureas have subtle influences on their catalytic abilities and electron donating methyl group is favored than electron withdrawing nitro group. Preliminary Hartree-Fock calculations revealed that in the catalytic cycle, hydrogen bond energies of the complex formed with 4-methylbenzoylthioureas are about 0.19 to 1.56 kcal/mol higher than with the corresponding 4-nitrobenzoylthioureas. 4-Methylbenzoylthioureas were identified as the most effective catalysts that promoted asymmetric Michael addition of pyrazolin-5-ones to nitroolefins to give the S- or R-products with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shurong Ban
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, PR China
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, PR China
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13
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Schmidt J, Schierle S, Gellrich L, Kaiser A, Merk D. Structural optimization and in vitro profiling of N-phenylbenzamide-based farnesoid X receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4240-4253. [PMID: 30026040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) which acts as cellular bile acid sensor has been validated as therapeutic strategy to counter liver disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by the clinical efficacy of obeticholic acid. FXR antagonism, in contrast, is less well studied and potent small molecule FXR antagonists are rare. Here we report the systematic optimization of a novel class of FXR antagonists towards low nanomolar potency. The most optimized compound antagonizes baseline and agonist induced FXR activity in a full length FXR reporter gene assay and represses intrinsic expression of FXR regulated genes in hepatoma cells. With this activity and a favorable toxicity-, stability- and selectivity-profile it appears suitable to further study FXR antagonism in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurema Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leonie Gellrich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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14
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Nian SY, Wang GP, Jiang ZL, Xiao Y, Huang MH, Zhou YH, Tan XD. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel SIPI-7623 derivatives as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists. Mol Divers 2018; 23:19-33. [PMID: 29974364 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most of reported steroidal FXR antagonists are restricted due to low potency. We described the design and synthesis of novel nonsteroidal scaffold SIPI-7623 derivatives as FXR antagonists. The most potent compound A-11 (IC50 = 7.8 ± 1.1 μM) showed better activity compared to SIPI-7623 (IC50 = 40.8 ± 1.7 μM) and guggulsterone (IC50 = 45.9 ± 1.1 μM). Docking of A-11 in FXR's ligand-binding domain was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yun Nian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Xi Men Street No. 150, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Aurisco Pharmaceutical (Yangzhou) Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, 225100, China
| | - Guo-Ping Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Aurisco Pharmaceutical (Yangzhou) Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, 225100, China
| | - Zheng-Li Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Xi Men Street No. 150, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mo-Han Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yi-Huan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiang-Duan Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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15
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Diao Y, Jiang J, Zhang S, Li S, Shan L, Huang J, Zhang W, Li H. Discovery of Natural Products as Novel and Potent FXR Antagonists by Virtual Screening. Front Chem 2018; 6:140. [PMID: 29761098 PMCID: PMC5936786 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor family involved in multiple physiological processes through regulating specific target genes. The critical role of FXR as a transcriptional regulator makes it a promising target for diverse diseases, especially those related to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cholestasis. However, the underlying activation mechanism of FXR is still a blur owing to the absence of proper FXR modulators. To identify potential FXR modulators, an in-house natural product database (NPD) containing over 4,000 compounds was screened by structure-based virtual screening strategy and subsequent hit-based similarity searching method. After the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, six natural products were identified as FXR antagonists which blocked the CDCA-induced SRC-1 association. The IC50 values of compounds 2a, a diterpene bearing polycyclic skeleton, and 3a, named daphneone with chain scaffold, are as low as 1.29 and 1.79 μM, respectively. Compared to the control compound guggulsterone (IC50 = 6.47 μM), compounds 2a and 3a displayed 5- and 3-fold higher antagonistic activities against FXR, respectively. Remarkably, the two representative compounds shared low topological similarities with other reported FXR antagonists. According to the putative binding poses, the molecular basis of these antagonists against FXR was also elucidated in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoude Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Teno N, Yamashita Y, Iguchi Y, Fujimori K, Une M, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Hiramoto T, Gohda K. Nonacidic Chemotype Possessing N-Acylated Piperidine Moiety as Potent Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:78-83. [PMID: 29456791 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a major role in the control of cholesterol metabolism. Antagonizing transcriptional activity of FXR is an effective means to treat the relevant metabolic syndrome. Some of antagonists so far have the charged functions; however, they may negatively affect the pharmacokinetics. We describe herein a structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration of nonacidic FXR antagonist 6 focusing on two regions in the structure and biological evaluation of nonacidic 10 with the characteristic N-acylated piperidine group obtained from SAR studies. As the robust affinity to FXR is feasible with our nonacidic analogue, 10 is among the most promising candidates for in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ko Fujimori
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Keigo Gohda
- Computer-aided
Molecular Modeling Research Center, Kansai (CAMM-Kansai), 3-32-302
Tsuto, Otsuka, Nishinomiya 663-8241, Japan
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17
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Xie X, Huang W, Peng C, Han B. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Six-Membered Carbocycle-Based Spiro Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhang GN, Huan Y, Wang X, Sun SJ, Shen ZF, Fang WS. Design, synthesis and metabolic regulation effect of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonistic benzoxepin-5-ones. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Wang SR, Xu T, Deng K, Wong CW, Liu J, Fang WS. Discovery of Farnesoid X Receptor Antagonists Based on a Library of Oleanolic Acid 3-O-Esters through Diverse Substituent Design and Molecular Docking Methods. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050690. [PMID: 28445411 PMCID: PMC6154651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpene oleanolic acid (OA, 1) with known farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulatory activity was modified at its C-3 position to find new FXR-interacting agents. A diverse substitution library of OA derivatives was constructed in silico through a 2D fingerprint similarity cluster strategy. With further docking analysis, four top-scored OA 3-O-ester derivatives were selected for synthesis. The bioassay results indicated that all four compounds 3 inhibited chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced FXR transactivation in a concentration-dependent mode. Among them 3b and 3d are more active than the parent compound OA. A molecular simulation study was performed to attempt to explain the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and the antagonistic action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on semi-synthetic pentacyclic triterpenoids with FXR-modulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, 1A Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Kai Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Unit 509, 5/F BioTech Center I, No. 9 Science Park West Avenue, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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20
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Proschak E, Heitel P, Kalinowsky L, Merk D. Opportunities and Challenges for Fatty Acid Mimetics in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5235-5266. [PMID: 28252961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids beyond their role as an endogenous energy source and storage are increasingly considered as signaling molecules regulating various physiological effects in metabolism and inflammation. Accordingly, the molecular targets involved in formation and physiological activities of fatty acids hold significant therapeutic potential. A number of these fatty acid targets are addressed by some of the oldest and most widely used drugs such as cyclooxygenase inhibiting NSAIDs, whereas others remain unexploited. Compounds orthosterically binding to proteins that endogenously bind fatty acids are considered as fatty acid mimetics. On the basis of their structural resemblance, fatty acid mimetics constitute a family of bioactive compounds showing specific binding thermodynamics and following similar pharmacokinetic mechanisms. This perspective systematically evaluates targets for fatty acid mimetics, investigates their common structural characteristics, and highlights demands in their discovery and design. In summary, fatty acid mimetics share particularly favorable characteristics justifying the conclusion that their therapeutic potential vastly outweighs the challenges in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lena Kalinowsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Synthesis and biological evaluations of chalcones, flavones and chromenes as farnesoid x receptor (FXR) antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:303-309. [PMID: 28235703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor mainly distributed in liver and intestine, has been regarded as a potential target for the treatment of various metabolic diseases, cancer and infectious diseases related to liver. Starting from two previously identified chalcone-based FXR antagonists, we tried to increase the activity through the design and synthesis of a library containing chalcones, flavones and chromenes, based on substitution manipulation and conformation (ring closure) restriction strategy. Many chalcones and four chromenes were identified as microM potent FXR antagonists, among which chromene 11c significantly decreased the plasma and hepatic triglyceride level in KKay mice.
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22
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Teno N, Iguchi Y, Yamashita Y, Mori N, Une M, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Gohda K. Discovery and optimization of benzimidazole derivatives as a novel chemotype of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1787-1794. [PMID: 28190654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe here a novel chemotype with substituted benzimidazole scaffold for nonsteroidal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists starting from the identification of a screening hit, BB-4. Structure diversity in four regions A-D of BB-4 or 1 is discussed. In particular, regions A and C had an effect on an antagonism against FXR as demonstrated by the derivatives represented by 7 and 15, respectively. Thus, compound 19 arising from the combination of regions A and C underscored an important fact on antagonism against FXR, also showing the reduced small heterodimer partner and the increased cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Teno
- Hiroshima International University, Faculty of Clinical Nutrition, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Iguchi
- Hiroshima International University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamashita
- Hiroshima International University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mori
- Hiroshima International University, Faculty of Clinical Nutrition, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Mizuho Une
- Hiroshima International University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | | | - Keigo Gohda
- Computer-aided Molecular Modeling Research Center, Kansai (CAMM-Kansai), 3-32-302, Tsuto-Otsuka, Nishinomiya 663-8241, Japan
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23
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Surati KR, Sathe PA. Schiff base pyrazolone complexes of iron (III): synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Kamlar M, Císařová I, Veselý J. Alkynylation of heterocyclic compounds using hypervalent iodine reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:2884-9. [PMID: 25642993 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02625j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The alkynylation of various nitrogen- and/or sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds using hypervalent iodine TMS-EBX by utilization of tertiary amines under mild conditions is described. The developed metal-free methodology furnishes the corresponding alkynylated heterocycles bearing quaternary carbon in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamlar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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25
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Cave MC, Clair HB, Hardesty JE, Falkner KC, Feng W, Clark BJ, Sidey J, Shi H, Aqel BA, McClain CJ, Prough RA. Nuclear receptors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1083-1099. [PMID: 26962021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are transcription factors which sense changing environmental or hormonal signals and effect transcriptional changes to regulate core life functions including growth, development, and reproduction. To support this function, following ligand-activation by xenobiotics, members of subfamily 1 nuclear receptors (NR1s) may heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to regulate transcription of genes involved in energy and xenobiotic metabolism and inflammation. Several of these receptors including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the pregnane and xenobiotic receptor (PXR), the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the liver X receptor (LXR) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are key regulators of the gut:liver:adipose axis and serve to coordinate metabolic responses across organ systems between the fed and fasting states. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and may progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with inappropriate nuclear receptor function and perturbations along the gut:liver:adipose axis including obesity, increased intestinal permeability with systemic inflammation, abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Environmental chemicals may compound the problem by directly interacting with nuclear receptors leading to metabolic confusion and the inability to differentiate fed from fasting conditions. This review focuses on the impact of nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. Clinical trials including PIVENS and FLINT demonstrate that nuclear receptor targeted therapies may lead to the paradoxical dissociation of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity. Novel strategies currently under development (including tissue-specific ligands and dual receptor agonists) may be required to separate the beneficial effects of nuclear receptor activation from unwanted metabolic side effects. The impact of nuclear receptor crosstalk in NAFLD is likely to be profound, but requires further elucidation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; The KentuckyOne Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Heather B Clair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jennifer Sidey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bashar A Aqel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; The KentuckyOne Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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26
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Xu Y. Recent Progress on Bile Acid Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6553-79. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Xu
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, DC 1910, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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27
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Peng J, Lv YC, He PP, Tang YY, Xie W, Liu XY, Li Y, Lan G, Zhang M, Zhang C, Shi JF, Zheng XL, Yin WD, Tang CK. RETRACTED:Betulinic acid downregulates expression of oxidative stress-induced lipoprotein lipase via the PKC/ERK/c-Fos pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Biochimie 2015; 119:192-203. [PMID: 26542288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns raised by Dr. Sander Kersten in PubPeer pointed out that Figures 6.1B and 6.2B of this paper were different figures but the legends and Western blots were identical; the quantification was also seen to be different between the two figures. Shortly afterwards, the authors asked to publish a corrigendum for part B of Figure 6.1, including images of western blots and associated bar plots. Subsequently, the journal conducted an investigation and found evidence that there had been improper manipulation and duplication of images in Figures 2 E, 6.2 B, 5 A and and 6.2 D, as shown by the reuse of several western blot bands with approximately 180° rotation in each case. After raising the complaint with the authors, the corresponding author agreed that the paper should be retracted. The authors apologise to the readers of the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Yongzhou Vocational and Technical College, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Lv
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of South, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gan Lan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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28
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29
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Ding ZC, Tang HT, Li RH, Ju LC, Zhan ZP. Synthesis of 4-Arylidenepyrazolones by a Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization/Arylidene Group Transfer Cascade of N-Propioloyl Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9307-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Cang Ding
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Chuan Ju
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
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30
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Discovery and SAR study of 3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl benzoate and benzamide derivatives as novel farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6427-36. [PMID: 26337021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3-(tert-Butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl 2,4-dichlorobenzoate (1) was discovered in our in-house high throughput screening as a moderate FXR antagonist. To improve the potency and the stability of the hit 1, forty derivatives were synthesized and SAR was systematically explored. The results turn out that replacing the 2,4-dichlorophenyl with 2,6-dichloro-4-amidophenyl shows great improvement in potency, replacing the benzoate with benzamide shows improvement in stability and slight declining of potency and 3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl unit is essential in obtaining the FXR antagonistic activity.
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Xu X, Xu X, Liu P, Zhu ZY, Chen J, Fu HA, Chen LL, Hu LH, Shen X. Structural Basis for Small Molecule NDB (N-Benzyl-N-(3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dichloro-4-(dimethylamino) Benzamide) as a Selective Antagonist of Farnesoid X Receptor α (FXRα) in Stabilizing the Homodimerization of the Receptor. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19888-99. [PMID: 26100621 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor α (FXRα) as a bile acid sensor plays potent roles in multiple metabolic processes, and its antagonist has recently revealed special interests in the treatment of metabolic disorders, although the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we identified that the small molecule N-benzyl-N-(3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dichloro-4-(dimethylamino) benzamide (NDB) functioned as a selective antagonist of human FXRα (hFXRα), and the crystal structure of hFXRα ligand binding domain (hFXRα-LBD) in complex with NDB was analyzed. It was unexpectedly discovered that NDB induced rearrangements of helix 11 (H11) and helix 12 (H12, AF-2) by forming a homodimer of hFXRα-LBD, totally different from the active conformation in monomer state, and the binding details were further supported by the mutation analysis. Moreover, functional studies demonstrated that NDB effectively antagonized the GW4064-stimulated FXR/RXR interaction and FXRα target gene expression in primary mouse hepatocytes, including the small heterodimer partner (SHP) and bile-salt export pump (BSEP); meanwhile, administration of NDB to db/db mice efficiently decreased the gene expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6-pase), small heterodimer partner, and BSEP. It is expected that our first analyzed crystal structure of hFXRα-LBD·NDB will help expound the antagonistic mechanism of the receptor, and NDB may find its potential as a lead compound in anti-diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Xu
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Liu
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-yuan Zhu
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Chen
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-an Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Li-li Chen
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China,
| | - Li-hong Hu
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China,
| | - Xu Shen
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China,
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Nonsteroidal Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Antagonists: Molecular Basis of FXR Antagonism. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1184-99. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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33
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Barcelos RC, Zeoly LA, Rodrigues MT, Ferreira BRV, Eberlin MN, Coelho F. Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts as building blocks of heterocycles: a simple approach to 4-substituted pyrazolones, and mechanism investigation via ESI–MS(/MS). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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ROR nuclear receptors: structures, related diseases, and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:71-87. [PMID: 25500868 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-regulated transcription factors that regulate metabolism, development and immunity. The NR superfamily is one of the major classes of drug targets for human diseases. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α, β and γ belong to the NR superfamily, and these receptors are still considered as 'orphan' receptors because the identification of their endogenous ligands has been controversial. Recent studies have demonstrated that these receptors are regulated by synthetic ligands, thus emerge as important drug targets for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, etc. Studying the structural basis and ligand development of RORs will pave the way for a better understanding of the roles of these receptors in human diseases. Here, we review the structural basis, disease relevance, strategies for ligand identification, and current status of development of therapeutic ligands for RORs.
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Wang L, Si P, Sheng Y, Chen Y, Wan P, Shen X, Tang Y, Chen L, Li W. Discovery of New Non-Steroidal Farnesoid X Receptor Modulators Through 3D Shape Similarity Search and Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:481-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Pei Si
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Shanghai Normal University; 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yayun Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ping Wan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Shanghai Normal University; 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Xu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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36
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Synthesis of novel 5-methyl pyrazol-3-one derivatives and their in vitro cytotoxic evaluation. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Amano Y, Shimada M, Miura S, Adachi R, Tozawa R. Antidyslipidemic effects of a farnesoid X receptor antagonist in primates. Life Sci 2014; 106:25-31. [PMID: 24787893 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated antidyslipidemic effects of a farnesoid X receptor antagonist compound-T3 in non-human primates as a novel treatment approach for dyslipidemia. MAIN METHODS Cynomolgus monkeys were fed a high-fat diet over 3 weeks. Drugs were administered to the monkeys for a week, and their plasma and fecal lipid parameters were measured. KEY FINDINGS Compound-T3 dose-dependently decreased the plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels in high-fat diet-fed cynomolgus monkeys. The plasma levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a marker of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity, and total fecal bile acid levels increased, suggesting that the hypocholesterolemic effects would be dependent on the activation of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. Compound-T3 significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. In this condition, the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe significantly decreased the plasma non-HDL cholesterol levels and increased the fecal cholesterol levels without affecting plasma HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine tended to decrease plasma non-HDL cholesterol and increase fecal bile acid levels. The cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib significantly increased plasma HDL cholesterol levels without affecting plasma non-HDL cholesterol and fecal cholesterol levels. SIGNIFICANCE The results of ezetimibe, cholestyramine, and torcetrapib treatments indicate that our high-fat diet fed monkey model would be a preferred animal model for studying non-statin type antidyslipidemic drugs. Compound-T3 significantly decreased non-HDL cholesterol levels and increased HDL cholesterol levels in the monkey model, suggesting that a farnesoid X receptor antagonist could be a therapeutic option in human dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Amano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyuki Shimada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shotaro Miura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tozawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Yu DD, Lin W, Forman BM, Chen T. Identification of trisubstituted-pyrazol carboxamide analogs as novel and potent antagonists of farnesoid X receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2919-38. [PMID: 24775917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NRIH4) plays a major role in the control of cholesterol metabolism. This suggests that antagonizing the transcriptional activity of FXR is a potential means to treat cholestasis and related metabolic disorders. Here we describe the synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of trisubstituted-pyrazol carboxamides as novel and potent FXR antagonists. One of these novel FXR antagonists, 4j has an IC50 of 7.5 nM in an FXR binding assay and 468.5 nM in a cell-based FXR antagonistic assay. Compound 4j has no detectable FXR agonistic activity or cytotoxicity. Notably, 4j is the most potent FXR antagonist identified to date; it has a promising in vitro profile and could serve as an excellent chemical tool to elucidate the biological function of FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna D Yu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Barry M Forman
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Zhang Y, Xue X, Jin X, Song Y, Li J, Luo X, Song M, Yan W, Song H, Xu Y. Discovery of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide derivatives as new RORγ inhibitors using virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:431-41. [PMID: 24704616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is a promising therapeutic target for treating Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases. We performed structure-based virtual screening targeting the RORγ ligand-binding domain. Among the tested compounds, s4 demonstrated RORγ antagonistic activities with micromolar IC50 values in both an AlphaScreen assay (20.27 μM) and a cell-based reporter gene assay (11.84 μM). Optimization of the s4 compound led to the identification of compounds 7j, 8c, 8k, and 8p, all of which displayed significantly enhanced RORγ inhibition with IC50 values of 40-140 nM. These results represent a promising starting point for developing potent small molecule RORγ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xue
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China; Department of Bioengineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yu Song
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China; Department of Bioengineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Ming Song
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Weiqun Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hongrui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.
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40
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Liu P, Xu X, Chen L, Ma L, Shen X, Hu L. Discovery and SAR study of hydroxyacetophenone derivatives as potent, non-steroidal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1596-607. [PMID: 24513188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 (IC50=35.2 ± 7.2 μM), a moderate FXR antagonist was discovered via high-throughput screening. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the shape and the lipophilicity of the substituents of the aromatic ring affect the activity dramatically, increasing the shape and the lipophilicity of the substituents of the aromatic ring enhances the potency of FXR antagonists. Especially, when the OH at C2 position of the aromatic ring was replaced by the OBn substituent (analog 2b), its activity could be improved to IC50=1.1 ± 0.1μM. Besides, the length of the linker and the tetrazole structure are essential for retaining the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lili Chen
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xu Shen
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lihong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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41
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Liu Z, Law WK, Wang D, Nie X, Sheng D, Song G, Guo K, Wei P, Ouyang P, Wong CW, Zhou GC. Synthesis and discovery of andrographolide derivatives as non-steroidal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some 14β-phenoxy substituted derivatives of andrographolide were designed, synthesized and investigated as FXR novel antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Kit Law
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited
- Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Decai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dekuan Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Genrui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited
- Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Amano Y, Shimada M, Miura S, Adachi R, Tozawa R. Effects of a farnesoid X receptor antagonist on hepatic lipid metabolism in primates. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:108-15. [PMID: 24361308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-dyslipidemic effect of compound-T3, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, by investigating its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-human primates. We administered lipid-lowering drugs for 7 days to cynomolgus monkeys receiving a high-fat diet, and subsequently measured the levels of lipid parameters in plasma, feces, and hepatic tissue fluids. Compound-T3 (0.3 and 3mg/kg p.o.) significantly decreased the plasma levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in a dose-dependent manner. It also decreased the mRNA levels of hepatic small heterodimer partner-1, induced the mRNA expression of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, reduced hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increased fecal bile acid excretion, and upregulated the expression of hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. Furthermore, compound-T3 significantly increased plasma HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic apolipoprotein A-I tended to increase after compound-T3 treatment. Compound-T3 also induced accumulation of hepatic bile acids and decreased the mRNA expression levels of the hepatic bile acid export pump. The effects of cholestyramine (300mg/kg p.o.) on the plasma and hepatic lipid parameters were similar to those of compound-T3, and it increased fecal bile acid levels without causing accumulation of hepatic bile acids. These findings suggest that LDL receptor-mediated hepatic LDL incorporation due to cholesterol catabolism catalyzed by cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase decreases plasma non-HDL cholesterol levels. Upregulation of hepatic apolipoprotein A-I mRNA expression may partially contribute to the increase in HDL cholesterol levels mediated by compound-T3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Amano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyuki Shimada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shotaro Miura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tozawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraokahigashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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43
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Merk D, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Characterizing ligands for farnesoid X receptor – availablein vitrotest systems for farnesoid X receptor modulator development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 9:27-37. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.860129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Xu X, Lu Y, Chen L, Chen J, Luo X, Shen X. Identification of 15d-PGJ2 as an antagonist of farnesoid X receptor: molecular modeling with biological evaluation. Steroids 2013; 78:813-22. [PMID: 23707573 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) is one of the major metabolites from prostaglandin D2 in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway. It was determined as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) functioning potently in adipocyte development. However, the fact that 15d-PGJ2 exerts also PPARγ-independent biological actions has highly addressed its multi-target behavior. Here, we identified that 15d-PGJ2 was an antagonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as investigated by surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence quenching and homo time-resolved fluorescence based analyses, and the coactivator-recruitment and luciferase-reporter related investigation. Assay of 15d-PGJ2 regulation on hFXRα target genes revealed that treatment of HepG2 cells with 15d-PGJ2 resulted in the stimulation of mRNA expressions of bile-salt export pump (BSEP), and the decrease of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7a1). In addition, functional assays indicated that 15d-PGJ2 promoted the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in HepG2 cells. Moreover, molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics simulation was applied to develop the possible model of 15d-PGJ2 binding to hFXRα ligand binding domain (LBD) at atomic level, and the responsible residues for 15d-PGJ2/hFXRα-LBD interaction were thereby determined, which were further confirmed by SPR assays against hFXRα-LBD site-directed mutations. Given that hFXRα functions potently in the regulation of hepatic bile acid metabolism and lipid/glucose homeostasis, our current work is expected to help better understand the multi-target features of this PGD2 metabolite in biological pathways, and 15d-PGJ2 as a new discovered FXR antagonist might find its potential application in further anti-hypercholesterol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Danthron activates AMP-activated protein kinase and regulates lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1061-9. [PMID: 23770982 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To discover the active compound on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and investigate the effects of the active compound 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (danthron) from the traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb on AMPK-mediated lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro. METHODS HepG2 and C2C12 cells were used. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Real-time PCR was performed to measure the gene expression. Western blotting assay was applied to investigate the protein phosphorylation level. Enzymatic assay kits were used to detect the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and glucose contents. RESULTS Danthron (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L) dose-dependently promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in both HepG2 and C2C12 cells. Meanwhile, danthron treatment significantly reduced the lipid synthesis related sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) gene expressions, and the TC and TG levels. In addition, danthron treatment efficiently increased glucose consumption. The actions of danthron on lipid and glucose metabolism were abolished or reversed by co-treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C. CONCLUSION Danthron effectively reduces intracellular lipid contents and enhanced glucose consumption in vitro via activation of AMPK signaling pathway.
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Detour of prenostodione synthesis towards pyrazolones for antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3235-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yu DD, Lin W, Chen T, Forman BM. Development of time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay for FXR antagonist discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4266-78. [PMID: 23688559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
FXR (farnesoid X receptor, NRIH4), a nuclear receptor, plays a major role in the control of cholesterol metabolism. FXR ligands have been investigated in preclinical studies for targeted therapy against metabolic diseases, but have shown limitations. Therefore, there is a need for new agonist or antagonist ligands of FXR, both for potential clinical applications, as well as to further elucidate its biological functions. Here we describe the use of the X-ray crystal structure of FXR complexed with the potent small molecule agonist GW4064 to design and synthesize a novel fluorescent, high-affinity probe (DY246) for time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assays. We then used the TR-FRET assay for high throughput screening of a library of over 5000 bioactive compounds. From this library, we identified 13 compounds that act as putative FXR transcriptional antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna D Yu
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Wang SQ, Gao Y, Wang HY, Zheng XX, Shen SL, Zhang YR, Zhao BX. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure and optical properties of novel 1,3,5-triarylpyrazoline derivatives and the fluorescent sensor for Cu2+. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 106:110-117. [PMID: 23376266 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,3,5-triarylpyrazoline derivatives was synthesized by the reaction of chalcone and 5-aryl-2-hydrazinyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole in 43.3-84.7% yields. The structures of compounds were characterized using IR, (1)H NMR and HRMS spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of the compounds were investigated in dichloromethane, toluene, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The results showed that the absorption maxima of the compounds vary from 366 to 370nm depending on the group bound to benzene rings. The maximum emission spectra of the compounds in dichloromethane were dependent on nature of groups in benzene ring. Furthermore, the compound 3b can be used to determine Cu(2+) ion with high selectivity and a low detection limit in the DMF:H2O=1:1 (v/v) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qing Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Discovery of new non-steroidal FXR ligands via a virtual screening workflow based on Phase shape and induced fit docking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6848-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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