1
|
Fernandes PMP, Guedes RA, Victor BL, Salvador JAR, Guedes RC. Decoding the secrets: how conformational and structural regulators inhibit the human 20S proteasome. Front Chem 2024; 11:1322628. [PMID: 38260042 PMCID: PMC10801056 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1322628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to drugs that modulate specific protein functions, such as the human proteasome, presents a significant challenge in targeted therapies. This underscores the importance of devising new methodologies to predict drug binding and potential resistance due to specific protein mutations. In this work, we conducted an extensive computational analysis to ascertain the effects of selected mutations (Ala49Thr, Ala50Val, and Cys52Phe) within the active site of the human proteasome. Specifically, we sought to understand how these mutations might disrupt protein function either by altering protein stability or by impeding interactions with a clinical administered drug. Leveraging molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking calculations, we assessed the effect of these mutations on protein stability and ligand affinity. Notably, our results indicate that the Cys52Phe mutation critically impacts protein-ligand binding, providing valuable insights into potential proteasome inhibitor resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. P. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Romina A. Guedes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno L. Victor
- BioISI─Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akinsulie OC, Shahzad S, Ogunleye SC, Oladapo IP, Joshi M, Ugwu CE, Gbadegoye JO, Hassan FO, Adeleke R, Afolabi Akande Q, Adesola RO. Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224102. [PMID: 37600803 PMCID: PMC10434535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia on the malignant behavior of various forms of cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in the light of cancer immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions of a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. There is a highly intricate crosstalk between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional factor produced during hypoxia, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which has been well characterized in various immune cell types. This important crosstalk shares common activating and inhibitory stimuli, regulators, and molecular targets. Impaired hydroxylase activity contributes to the activation of HIFs. Inflammatory ligands activate NF-κB activity, which leads to the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. The eventual sequelae of the interaction between these two molecular players in immune cells, either bolstering or abrogating functions, is largely cell-type dependent. Importantly, this holds promise for interesting therapeutic interventions against several infectious diseases, as some HIF agonists have helped prevent immune-related diseases. Hypoxia and inflammation are common features of infectious diseases. Here, we highlighted the role of this crosstalk in the light of functional immunity against infection and inflammation, with special focus on various innate and adaptive immune cells. Particularly, we discussed the bidirectional effects of this crosstalk in the regulation of immune responses by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells. We believe an advanced understanding of the interplay between HIFs and NF-kB could reveal novel therapeutic targets for various infectious diseases with limited treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Chris Akinsulie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sammuel Shahzad
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Seto Charles Ogunleye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Ifeoluwa Peace Oladapo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Melina Joshi
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Charles Egede Ugwu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Joy Olaoluwa Gbadegoye
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Richard Adeleke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Qudus Afolabi Akande
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valimehr S, Sethi A, Shukla M, Bhattacharyya S, Kazemi M, Rouiller I. Molecular Mechanisms Driving and Regulating the AAA+ ATPase VCP/p97, an Important Therapeutic Target for Treating Cancer, Neurological and Infectious Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050737. [PMID: 37238606 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
p97/VCP, a highly conserved type II ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ ATPase), is an important therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. p97 performs a variety of functions in the cell and facilitates virus replication. It is a mechanochemical enzyme that generates mechanical force from ATP-binding and hydrolysis to perform several functions, including unfolding of protein substrates. Several dozens of cofactors/adaptors interact with p97 and define the multifunctionality of p97. This review presents the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of p97 during the ATPase cycle and its regulation by cofactors and small-molecule inhibitors. We compare detailed structural information obtained in different nucleotide states in the presence and absence of substrates and inhibitors. We also review how pathogenic gain-of-function mutations modify the conformational changes of p97 during the ATPase cycle. Overall, the review highlights how the mechanistic knowledge of p97 helps in designing pathway-specific modulators and inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Valimehr
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Ian Holmes Imaging Centre, Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ashish Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organisation, The Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Manjari Shukla
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudipta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohsen Kazemi
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Isabelle Rouiller
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dranchak PK, Oliphant E, Queme B, Lamy L, Wang Y, Huang R, Xia M, Tao D, Inglese J. In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049863. [PMID: 36786055 PMCID: PMC10067442 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) pharmacologically evaluates chemical libraries for therapeutic uses, toxicological risk and, increasingly, for academic probe discovery. Phenotypic high-throughput screening assays interrogate molecular pathways, often relying on cell culture systems, historically less focused on multicellular organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans has served as a eukaryotic model organism for human biology by virtue of genetic conservation and experimental tractability. Here, a paradigm enabling C. elegans qHTS using 384-well microtiter plate laser-scanning cytometry is described, in which GFP-expressing organisms revealing phenotype-modifying structure-activity relationships guide subsequent life-stage and proteomic analyses, and Escherichia coli bacterial ghosts, a non-replicating nutrient source, allow compound exposures over two life cycles, mitigating bacterial overgrowth complications. We demonstrate the method with libraries of anti-infective agents, or substances of toxicological concern. Each was tested in seven-point titration to assess the feasibility of nematode-based in vivo qHTS, and examples of follow-up strategies were provided to study organism-based chemotype selectivity and subsequent network perturbations with a physiological impact. We anticipate that this qHTS approach will enable analysis of C. elegans orthologous phenotypes of human pathologies to facilitate drug library profiling for a range of therapeutic indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Dranchak
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erin Oliphant
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Bryan Queme
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Laurence Lamy
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dingyin Tao
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - James Inglese
- Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lan X, Hu M, Jiang L, Wang J, Meng Y, Chen X, Liu A, Ding W, Zhang H, Zhou H, Liu B, Peng G, Liao S, Chen X, Liu J, Shi X. Piperlongumine overcomes imatinib resistance by inducing proteasome inhibition in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115815. [PMID: 36220508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper longum L., an herbal medicine used in India and other Asian countries, is prescribed routinely for a range of diseases, including tumor. Piperlongumine, a natural product isolated from Piper longum L., has received widespread attention due to its various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor effects. AIM OF THE STUDY Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic disease caused by Bcr-Abl fusion gene, with an incidence of 15% in adult leukemias. Targeting Bcr-Abl by imatinib provides a successful treatment approach for CML. However, imatinib resistance is an inevitable issue for CML treatment. In particular, T315I mutant is the most stubborn of the Bcr-Abl point mutants associated with imatinib resistance. Therefore, it is urgent to find an alternative approach to conquer imatinib resistance. This study investigated the role of a natural product piperlongumine in overcoming imatinib resistance in CML. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTS assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide counterstaining assay, respectively. Levels of intracellular signaling proteins were assessed by Western blots. Mitochondrial membrane potential was reflected by the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine-123. The function of proteasome was detected using 20S proteasomal activity assay, proteasomal deubiquitinase activity assay, and deubiquitinase active-site-directed labeling. The antitumor effects of piperlongumine were assessed with mice xenografts. RESULTS We demonstrate that (i) Piperlongumine inhibits proteasome function by targeting 20S proteasomal peptidases and 19S proteasomal deubiquitinases (USP14 and UCHL5) in Bcr-Abl-WT and Bcr-Abl-T315I CML cells; (ii) Piperlongumine inhibits the cell viability of CML cell lines and primary CML cells; (iii) Proteasome inhibition by piperlongumine leads to cell apoptosis and downregulation of Bcr-Abl; (iv) Piperlongumine suppresses the tumor growth of CML xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These results support that blockade of proteasome activity by piperlongumine provides a new therapeutic strategy for treating imatinib-resistant CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min Hu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liling Jiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Meng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinmei Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Aochu Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wa Ding
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haichuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bingyuan Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guanjie Peng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Siyan Liao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Xianping Shi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu YX, Bruins LA, Chen X, Shi C, Bonolo De Campos C, Meurice N, Wang X, Ahmann GJ, Ramsower CA, Braggio E, Rimsza LM, Stewart AK. Transcriptional profiles define drug refractory disease in myeloma. EJHAEM 2022; 3:804-814. [PMID: 36051067 PMCID: PMC9422020 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers associated with disease progression and drug resistance are important for personalized care. We investigated the expression of 121 curated genes, related to immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) responsiveness. We analyzed 28 human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines with known drug sensitivities and 130 primary MM patient samples collected at different disease stages, including newly diagnosed (ND), on therapy (OT), and relapsed and refractory (RR, collected within 12 months before the patients' death) timepoints. Our findings led to the identification of a subset of genes linked to clinical drug resistance, poor survival, and disease progression following combination treatment containing IMIDs and/or PIs. Finally, we built a seven-gene model (MM-IMiD and PI sensitivity-7 genes [IP-7]) using digital gene expression profiling data that significantly separates ND patients from IMiD- and PI-refractory RR patients. Using this model, we retrospectively analyzed RNA sequcencing (RNAseq) data from the Mulltiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass (n = 578) and Mayo Clinic MM patient registry (n = 487) to divide patients into probabilities of responder and nonresponder, which subsequently correlated with overall survival, disease stage, and number of prior treatments. Our findings suggest that this model may be useful in predicting acquired resistance to treatments containing IMiDs and/or PIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiao Zhu
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | - Xianfeng Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Chang‐Xin Shi
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | | | - Xuewei Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Greg J. Ahmann
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | | | - Lisa M. Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - A. Keith Stewart
- Division of Medical Oncology and HematologyPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Downey-Kopyscinski SL, Srinivasa S, Kisselev AF. A clinically relevant pulse treatment generates a bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell line that lacks proteasome mutations and is sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12788. [PMID: 35896610 PMCID: PMC9329464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib are the backbones of treatments of multiple myeloma, which remains incurable despite many recent advances. With many patients relapsing despite high initial response rates to proteasome inhibitor-containing regimens, it is critical to understand the process of acquired resistance. In vitro generated resistant cell lines are important tools in this process. The majority of previously developed bortezomib-resistant cell lines bear mutations in the proteasome PSMB5 sites, the prime target of bortezomib and carfilzomib, which are rarely observed in patients. Here we present a novel bortezomib-resistant derivative of the KMS-12-BM multiple myeloma cell line, KMS-12-BM-BPR. Unlike previously published bortezomib-resistant cell lines, it was created using clinically relevant twice-weekly pulse treatments with bortezomib instead of continuous incubation. It does not contain mutations in the PSMB5 site and retains its sensitivity to carfilzomib. Reduced load on proteasome due to decreased protein synthesis appears to be the main cause of resistance. In addition, KMS-12-BM-BPR cells are more sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of creating a proteasome inhibitor resistant myeloma cell lines by using clinically relevant pulse treatments and provides a novel model of acquired resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sondra L Downey-Kopyscinski
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- SLDK-Rancho Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sriraja Srinivasa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, PRB, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alexei F Kisselev
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, PRB, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Modulation of the 20S Proteasome Activity by Porphyrin Derivatives Is Steered through Their Charge Distribution. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060741. [PMID: 35740865 PMCID: PMC9220251 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic porphyrins exhibit an amazing variety of binding modes and inhibition mechanisms of 20S proteasome. Depending on the spatial distribution of their electrostatic charges, they can occupy different sites on α rings of 20S proteasome by exploiting the structural code responsible for the interaction with regulatory proteins. Indeed, they can act as competitive or allosteric inhibitors by binding at the substrate gate or at the grooves between the α subunits, respectively. Moreover, the substitution of a charged moiety in the peripheral arm with a hydrophobic moiety revealed a “new” 20S functional state with higher substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. In the present study, we expand our structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis in order to further explore the potential of this versatile class of 20S modulators. Therefore, we have extended the study to additional macrocyclic compounds, displaying different structural features, comparing their interaction behavior on the 20S proteasome with previously investigated compounds. In particular, in order to evaluate how the introduction of a peptidic chain can affect the affinity and the interacting mechanism of porphyrins, we investigate the MTPyApi, a porphyrin derivatized with an Arg–Pro-rich antimicrobial peptide. Moreover, to unveil the role played by the porphyrin core, this was replaced with a corrole scaffold, a “contracted” version of the tetrapyrrolic ring due to the lack of a methine bridge. The analysis has been undertaken by means of integrated kinetic, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and computational studies. Finally, in order to assess a potential pharmacological significance of this type of investigation, a preliminary attempt has been performed to evaluate the biological effect of these molecules on MCF7 breast cancer cells in dark conditions, envisaging that porphyrins may indeed represent a powerful tool for the modulation of cellular proteostasis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Revisiting Proteasome Inhibitors: Molecular Underpinnings of Their Development, Mechanisms of Resistance and Strategies to Overcome Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072201. [PMID: 35408601 PMCID: PMC9000344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have shown relevant clinical activity in several hematological malignancies, namely in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, improving patient outcomes such as survival and quality of life, when compared with other therapies. However, initial response to the therapy is a challenge as most patients show an innate resistance to proteasome inhibitors, and those that respond to the therapy usually develop late relapses suggesting the development of acquired resistance. The mechanisms of resistance to proteasome inhibition are still controversial and scarce in the literature. In this review, we discuss the development of proteasome inhibitors and the mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to their activity—a major challenge in preclinical and clinical therapeutics. An improved understanding of these mechanisms is crucial to guiding the design of new and more effective drugs to tackle these devastating diseases. In addition, we provide a comprehensive overview of proteasome inhibitors used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, as this is a key strategy to combat resistance.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ioppolo A, Eccles M, Groth D, Verdile G, Agostino M. Evaluation of Virtual Screening Strategies for the Identification of γ-Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators. Molecules 2021; 27:176. [PMID: 35011410 PMCID: PMC8746326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an intramembrane aspartyl protease that is important in regulating normal cell physiology via cleavage of over 100 transmembrane proteins, including Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Notch family receptors. However, aberrant proteolysis of substrates has implications in the progression of disease pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), cancers, and skin disorders. While several γ-secretase inhibitors have been identified, there has been toxicity observed in clinical trials associated with non-selective enzyme inhibition. To address this, γ-secretase modulators have been identified and pursued as more selective agents. Recent structural evidence has provided an insight into how γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators are recognized by γ-secretase, providing a platform for rational drug design targeting this protease. In this study, docking- and pharmacophore-based screening approaches were evaluated for their ability to identify, from libraries of known inhibitors and modulators with decoys with similar physicochemical properties, γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators. Using these libraries, we defined strategies for identifying both γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators incorporating an initial pharmacophore-based screen followed by a docking-based screen, with each strategy employing distinct γ-secretase structures. Furthermore, known γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators were able to be identified from an external set of bioactive molecules following application of the derived screening strategies. The approaches described herein will inform the discovery of novel small molecules targeting γ-secretase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Ioppolo
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.I.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Melissa Eccles
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.I.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (G.V.)
| | - David Groth
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.I.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.I.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (G.V.)
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.I.); (M.E.); (D.G.); (G.V.)
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Du T, Lu Y, Lv Y, Du Y, Wu J, Ma R, Xu C, Feng J. VLX1570 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer cells through modulating ER stress and the AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:108-122. [PMID: 34854221 PMCID: PMC8742231 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) possesses unique functions in tumorigenesis and has great potential for targeting tumours. The effectiveness of inhibitors targeting UPS in solid tumours remains to be studied. We screened a library of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitination system and found the highly potent, low‐concentration inhibitor molecule VLX1570 that specifically killed lung cancer cells. VLX1570 is an inhibitor of deubiquitinating enzyme activity and has also shown potential for preclinical cancer treatment. We found that VLX1570 significantly inhibited lung cancer cells proliferation and colony formation. VLX1570 induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest by downregulating CDK1 and CyclinB1. Moreover, VLX1570 significantly promoted the mitochondrial‐associated apoptosis. Mechanistically speaking, VLX1570 activated the PERK/IRE1/ATF6 pathway and induced ER stress in lung cancer cell lines. The inhibition of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium or 4‐phenylbutyric acid enhanced VLX1570‐induced apoptosis. In addition, VLX1570 treatment led to the inactivation of Akt signalling and inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells by downregulating the Akt pathway. Moreover, combined treatment with VLX1570 and Afatinib or Gefitinib induced synergistic anti‐lung cancer activity. Our present study demonstrated a novel therapy using VLX1570, which inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis in human lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongde Du
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Lu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Serrano-Aparicio N, Moliner V, Świderek K. On the Origin of the Different Reversible Characters of Salinosporamide A and Homosalinosporamide A in the Covalent Inhibition of the Human 20S Proteasome. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Serrano-Aparicio
- Biocomp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Biocomp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- Biocomp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Contreras L, Medina S, Schiaffino Bustamante AY, Borrego EA, Valenzuela CA, Das U, Karki SS, Dimmock JR, Aguilera RJ. Three novel piperidones exhibit tumor-selective cytotoxicity on leukemia cells via protein degradation and stress-mediated mechanisms. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:159-174. [PMID: 34448104 PMCID: PMC8786778 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer is an ongoing worldwide health problem. Although chemotherapy remains the mainstay therapy for cancer, it is not always effective and has detrimental side effects. Here, we present piperidone compounds P3, P4, and P5 that selectively target cancer cells via protein- and stress-mediated mechanisms. Methods We assessed typical apoptotic markers including phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation through flow cytometry. Then, specific markers of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis including the depolarization of the mitochondria and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. Finally, we utilized western blot techniques, RT-qPCR, and observed the cell cycle profile after compound treatment to evaluate the possible behavior of these compounds as proteasome inhibitors. For statistical analyses, we employed the one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results P3, P4, and P5 induce cytotoxic effects towards tumorigenic cells, as opposed to non-cancerous cells, at the low micromolar range. Compound treatment leads to the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and the pro-apoptotic protein Noxa, both typically observed after proteasome inhibition, occurs after P3, P4, and P5 treatment. The stress-related genes PMAIP1, ATF3, CHAC1, MYC, and HMOX-1 were differentially regulated to contribute to the cytotoxic activity of P3–P5. Finally, compound P5 causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Conclusion Taken together, compounds P3, P4, and P5 exhibit strong potential as anticancer drug candidates as shown by strong cytotoxic potential, activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, and show typical proteasome inhibitor characteristics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00322-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisett Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Stephanie Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Austre Y Schiaffino Bustamante
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Edgar A Borrego
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Carlos A Valenzuela
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Subhas S Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Prabhakar B. Kore Basic Science Research Center, Off-Campus, KLE College of Pharmacy, (A Constituent Unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560010, India
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roeten MS, van Meerloo J, Kwidama ZJ, ter Huizen G, Segerink WH, Zweegman S, Kaspers GJ, Jansen G, Cloos J. Pre-Clinical Evaluation of the Proteasome Inhibitor Ixazomib against Bortezomib-Resistant Leukemia Cells and Primary Acute Leukemia Cells. Cells 2021; 10:665. [PMID: 33802801 PMCID: PMC8002577 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, 20-30% of children with acute leukemia still relapse from current chemotherapy protocols, underscoring the unmet need for new treatment options, such as proteasome inhibition. Ixazomib (IXA) is an orally available proteasome inhibitor, with an improved safety profile compared to Bortezomib (BTZ). The mechanism of action (proteasome subunit inhibition, apoptosis induction) and growth inhibitory potential of IXA vs. BTZ were tested in vitro in human (BTZ-resistant) leukemia cell lines. Ex vivo activity of IXA vs. BTZ was analyzed in 15 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 9 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) primary pediatric patient samples. BTZ demonstrated more potent inhibitory effects on constitutive β5 and immunoproteasome β5i proteasome subunit activity; however, IXA more potently inhibited β1i subunit than BTZ (70% vs. 29% at 2.5 nM). In ALL/AML cell lines, IXA conveyed 50% growth inhibition at low nanomolar concentrations, but was ~10-fold less potent than BTZ. BTZ-resistant cells (150-160 fold) displayed similar (100-fold) cross-resistance to IXA. Finally, IXA and BTZ exhibited anti-leukemic effects for primary ex vivo ALL and AML cells; mean LC50 (nM) for IXA: 24 ± 11 and 30 ± 8, respectively, and mean LC50 for BTZ: 4.5 ± 1 and 11 ± 4, respectively. IXA has overlapping mechanisms of action with BTZ and showed anti-leukemic activity in primary leukemic cells, encouraging further pre-clinical in vivo evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot S.F. Roeten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.F.R.); (J.v.M.); (Z.J.K.); (G.t.H.); (W.H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Johan van Meerloo
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.F.R.); (J.v.M.); (Z.J.K.); (G.t.H.); (W.H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zinia J. Kwidama
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.F.R.); (J.v.M.); (Z.J.K.); (G.t.H.); (W.H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Giovanna ter Huizen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.F.R.); (J.v.M.); (Z.J.K.); (G.t.H.); (W.H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wouter H. Segerink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.F.R.); (J.v.M.); (Z.J.K.); (G.t.H.); (W.H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.F.R.); (J.v.M.); (Z.J.K.); (G.t.H.); (W.H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Gertjan J.L. Kaspers
- Princess Maxima Center of Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.F.R.); (J.v.M.); (Z.J.K.); (G.t.H.); (W.H.S.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roth P, Mason WP, Richardson PG, Weller M. Proteasome inhibition for the treatment of glioblastoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1133-1141. [PMID: 32746640 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1803827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma is a primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy including surgery, radiotherapy and alkylating chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic options are therefore urgently needed; however, there have been various drug failures in late-stage clinical development. The proteasome represents a key target for anti-cancer therapy as successfully shown in multiple myeloma and other hematologic malignancies. AREAS COVERED This review article summarizes the preclinical and clinical development of proteasome inhibitors in the context of glioblastoma. EXPERT OPINION Early clinical trials with bortezomib ended with disappointing results, possibly because this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast to bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors, marizomib is a novel drug that displays strong inhibitory properties on all enzymatic subunits of the proteasome and, most importantly, crosses the blood-brain barrier, making it a potentially very active novel agent against intrinsic brain tumors. While preclinical studies have demonstrated significant anti-glioma activity, its clinical benefit has yet to be proven. Exploiting the biological effects of proteasome inhibitors in combination with other therapeutic strategies may represent a key next step in their clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Warren P Mason
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in cancer drug resistance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:627-639. [PMID: 32146496 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a well-known phenomenon leading to a reduction in the effectiveness of pharmaceutical treatments. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents can involve various intrinsic cellular processes including drug efflux, increased resistance to apoptosis, increased DNA damage repair capabilities in response to platinum salts or other DNA-damaging drugs, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic effects, or any combination of these mechanisms. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse ubiquitination of target proteins, maintaining a balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins to maintain cell homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports an association of altered DUB activity with development of several cancers. Thus, DUBs are promising candidates for targeted drug development. In this review, we outline the involvement of DUBs, particularly ubiquitin-specific proteases, and their roles in drug resistance in different types of cancer. We also review potential small molecule DUB inhibitors that can be used as drugs for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
17
|
Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 48:100663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Chemical Patterns of Proteasome Inhibitors: Lessons Learned from Two Decades of Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215326. [PMID: 31731563 PMCID: PMC6862029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery now faces a new challenge, where the availability of experimental data is no longer the limiting step, and instead, making sense of the data has gained a new level of importance, propelled by the extensive incorporation of cheminformatics and bioinformatics methodologies into the drug discovery and development pipeline. These enable, for example, the inference of structure-activity relationships that can be useful in the discovery of new drug candidates. One of the therapeutic applications that could benefit from this type of data mining is proteasome inhibition, given that multiple compounds have been designed and tested for the last 20 years, and this collection of data is yet to be subjected to such type of assessment. This study presents a retrospective overview of two decades of proteasome inhibitors development (680 compounds), in order to gather what could be learned from them and apply this knowledge to any future drug discovery on this subject. Our analysis focused on how different chemical descriptors coupled with statistical tools can be used to extract interesting patterns of activity. Multiple instances of the structure-activity relationship were observed in this dataset, either for isolated molecular descriptors (e.g., molecular refractivity and topological polar surface area) as well as scaffold similarity or chemical space overlap. Building a decision tree allowed the identification of two meaningful decision rules that describe the chemical parameters associated with high activity. Additionally, a characterization of the prevalence of key functional groups gives insight into global patterns followed in drug discovery projects, and highlights some systematically underexplored parts of the chemical space. The various chemical patterns identified provided useful insight that can be applied in future drug discovery projects, and give an overview of what has been done so far.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mofers A, Perego P, Selvaraju K, Gatti L, Gullbo J, Linder S, D'Arcy P. Analysis of determinants for in vitro resistance to the small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor b-AP15. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223807. [PMID: 31639138 PMCID: PMC6804958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND b-AP15/VLX1570 are small molecule inhibitors of the ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 5 (UCHL5) deubiquitinases (DUBs) of the 19S proteasome. b-AP15/VLX1570 have been shown to be cytotoxic to cells resistant to bortezomib, raising the possibility that this class of drugs can be used as a second-line therapy for treatment-resistant multiple myeloma. Limited information is available with regard to potential resistance mechanisms to b-AP15/VLX1570. RESULTS We found that b-AP15-induced cell death is cell-cycle dependent and that non-cycling tumor cells may evade b-AP15-induced cell death. Such non-cycling cells may re-enter the proliferative state to form colonies of drug-sensitive cells. Long-term selection of cells with b-AP15 resulted in limited drug resistance (~2-fold) that could be reversed by buthionine sulphoximine, implying altered glutathione (GSH) metabolism as a resistance mechanism. In contrast, drug uptake and overexpression of drug efflux transporters were found not to be associated with b-AP15 resistance. CONCLUSIONS The proteasome DUB inhibitors b-AP15/VLX1570 are cell cycle-active. The slow and incomplete development of resistance towards these compounds is an attractive feature in view of future clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Mofers
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Karthik Selvaraju
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Laura Gatti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morozov AV, Karpov VL. Proteasomes and Several Aspects of Their Heterogeneity Relevant to Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:761. [PMID: 31456945 PMCID: PMC6700291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The life of every organism is dependent on the fine-tuned mechanisms of protein synthesis and breakdown. The degradation of most intracellular proteins is performed by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Proteasomes are central elements of the UPS and represent large multisubunit protein complexes directly responsible for the protein degradation. Accumulating data indicate that there is an intriguing diversity of cellular proteasomes. Different proteasome forms, containing different subunits and attached regulators have been described. In addition, proteasomes specific for a particular tissue were identified. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the proper functioning of the UPS in general, and proteasomes in particular. At the same time, the information regarding the role of different proteasome forms in cancer is limited. This review describes the functional and structural heterogeneity of proteasomes, their association with cancer as well as several established and novel proteasome-directed therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Morozov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhan W, Visone J, Ouellette T, Harris JC, Wang R, Zhang H, Singh PK, Ginn J, Sukenick G, Wong TT, Okoro JI, Scales RM, Tumwebaze PK, Rosenthal PJ, Kafsack BFC, Cooper RA, Meinke PT, Kirkman LA, Lin G. Improvement of Asparagine Ethylenediamines as Anti-malarial Plasmodium-Selective Proteasome Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6137-6145. [PMID: 31177777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Plasmodium proteasome (Pf20S) emerged as a target for antimalarials. Pf20S inhibitors are active at multiple stages of the parasite life cycle and synergize with artemisinins, suggesting that Pf20S inhibitors have potential to be prophylactic, therapeutic, and transmission blocking as well as are useful for combination therapy. We recently reported asparagine ethylenediamines (AsnEDAs) as immunoproteasome inhibitors and modified AsnEDAs as selective Pf20S inhibitors. Here, we report further a structure-activity relationship study of AsnEDAs for selective inhibition of Pf20S over human proteasomes. Additionally, we show new mutation that conferred resistance to AsnEDAs and collateral sensitivity to an inhibitor of the Pf20S β2 subunit, the same as previously identified resistant mutation. This resistance could be overcome through the use of the structure-guided inhibitor design. Collateral sensitivity to inhibitors among respective proteasome subunits underscores the potential value of treating malaria with combinations of inhibitors of different proteasome subunits to minimize the emergence of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Zhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Joseph Visone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Tierra Ouellette
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Jacob C Harris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Rong Wang
- NMR Analytical Core Facility , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Chemical Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry , Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - John Ginn
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute , 413 E. 69th Street , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - George Sukenick
- NMR Analytical Core Facility , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Tzu-Tshin Wong
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. , 35 Landsdowne Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Judith I Okoro
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Ryan M Scales
- Department of Public Health , University of North Carolina , Charlotte , North Carolina 28223 , United States
| | | | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94143 , United States
| | - Björn F C Kafsack
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Roland A Cooper
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , Dominican University of California , San Rafael , California 94901 , United States
| | - Peter T Meinke
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute , 413 E. 69th Street , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Laura A Kirkman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , 1300 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Neill EC, Schorn M, Larson CB, Millán-Aguiñaga N. Targeted antibiotic discovery through biosynthesis-associated resistance determinants: target directed genome mining. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:255-277. [PMID: 30985219 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1590307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Intense competition between microbes in the environment has directed the evolution of antibiotic production in bacteria. Humans have harnessed these natural molecules for medicinal purposes, magnifying them from environmental concentrations to industrial scale. This increased exposure to antibiotics has amplified antibiotic resistance across bacteria, spurring a global antimicrobial crisis and a search for antibiotics with new modes of action. Genetic insights into these antibiotic-producing microbes reveal that they have evolved several resistance strategies to avoid self-toxicity, including product modification, substrate transport and binding, and target duplication or modification. Of these mechanisms, target duplication or modification will be highlighted in this review, as it uniquely links an antibiotic to its mode of action. We will further discuss and propose a strategy to mine microbial genomes for these genes and their associated biosynthetic gene clusters to discover novel antibiotics using target directed genome mining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- a Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Michelle Schorn
- b Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Charles B Larson
- b Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Natalie Millán-Aguiñaga
- c Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas , Ensenada , Baja California , México
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Tang WK, Odzorig T, Jin W, Xia D. Structural Basis of p97 Inhibition by the Site-Selective Anticancer Compound CB-5083. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:286-293. [PMID: 30591537 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of p97, a key player in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway, has been proposed as a treatment of cancer. This concept was nearly realized recently when a potent p97 inhibitor, 1-[4-(benzylamino)-5H,7H,8H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2-methyl-1H-indole-4-carboxamide (CB-5083), was developed and demonstrated broad antitumor activity in various tumor models. CB-5083 functions as a competitive inhibitor that binds selectively to the ATP-binding site of the D2 domain, although both the D1 and D2 ATPase sites of p97 are highly similar. Despite its promising anticancer activity, CB-5083 failed its phase I clinical trials due to an unexpected off-target effect, which necessitates further improvement of the inhibitor. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of N-terminal domain-truncated p97 in complex with CB-5083. It provides a structural basis for the specificity of CB-5083 toward the D2 domain, offers an explanation in atomic detail for the mutations that confer resistance to CB-5083, and establishes a foundation for future structure-guided efforts to develop the next generation of p97 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kwan Tang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taivan Odzorig
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Whitney Jin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park JE, Miller Z, Jun Y, Lee W, Kim KB. Next-generation proteasome inhibitors for cancer therapy. Transl Res 2018; 198:1-16. [PMID: 29654740 PMCID: PMC6151281 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 2 decades ago, the proteasome was considered a risky or even untenable therapeutic target. Today, proteasome inhibitors are a mainstay in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and have sales in excess of 3 billion US dollars annually. More importantly, the availability of proteasome inhibitors has greatly improved the survival and quality of life for patients with MM. Despite the remarkable success of proteasome inhibitor therapies to date, the potential for improvement remains, and the development and optimal use of proteasome inhibitors as anticancer agents continues to be an active area of research. In this review, we briefly discuss the features and limitations of the 3 proteasome inhibitor drugs currently used in the clinic and provide an update on current efforts to develop next-generation proteasome inhibitors with the potential to overcome the limitations of existing proteasome inhibitor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yearin Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang W, Bai H, Han L, Zhang H, Xu B, Cui J, Wang X, Ge Z, Li R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin derivatives modified with α-amino boronic acid as proteasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2459-2464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
27
|
Cloos J, Roeten MS, Franke NE, van Meerloo J, Zweegman S, Kaspers GJ, Jansen G. (Immuno)proteasomes as therapeutic target in acute leukemia. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:599-615. [PMID: 29071527 PMCID: PMC5721123 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of multiple myeloma has encouraged application of proteasome inhibitor containing therapeutic interventions in (pediatric) acute leukemia. Here, we summarize the positioning of bortezomib, as first-generation proteasome inhibitor, and second-generation proteasome inhibitors in leukemia treatment from a preclinical and clinical perspective. Potential markers for proteasome inhibitor sensitivity and/or resistance emerging from leukemia cell line models and clinical sample studies will be discussed focusing on the role of immunoproteasome and constitutive proteasome (subunit) expression, PSMB5 mutations, and alternative mechanisms of overcoming proteolytic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Cloos
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Departments of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Margot Sf Roeten
- Departments of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels E Franke
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van Meerloo
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Departments of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Jl Kaspers
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Màxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dehghanifard A, Kaviani S, Abroun S, Mehdizadeh M, Saiedi S, Maali A, Ghaffari S, Azad M. Various Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma Cells and Effects of Treatment on These Pathways. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:311-320. [PMID: 29606369 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) results from malignancy in plasma cells and occurs at ages > 50 years. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which constitutes 1% of all malignancies. Despite the great advances in the discovery of useful drugs for this disease such as dexamethasone and bortezomib, it is still an incurable malignancy owing to the development of drug resistance. The tumor cells develop resistance to apoptosis, resulting in greater cell survival, and, ultimately, develop drug resistance by changing the various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have reviewed the different signaling pathways in MM cells. We reached the conclusion that the most important factor in the drug resistance in MM patients is caused by the bone marrow microenvironment with production of adhesion molecules and cytokines. Binding of tumor cells to stromal cells prompts cytokine production of stromal cells and launches various signaling pathways such as Janus-activated kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription, Ras/Raf/MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/AKT, and NF-KB, which ultimately lead to the high survival rate and drug resistance in tumor cells. Thus, combining various drugs such as bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide, and melphalan with compounds that are not common, including CTY387, LLL-12, OPB31121, CNTO328, OSI-906, FTY720, triptolide, and AV-65, could be one of the most effective treatments for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghanifard
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajedeh Saiedi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sasan Ghaffari
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scalzulli E, Grammatico S, Vozella F, Petrucci MT. Proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:375-386. [PMID: 29478351 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1441287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Myeloma (MM) management is rapidly evolving, with a spectrum of novel treatments that have changed our approach to the therapy. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have revolutionized the scenario of both relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed patients. The efficacy of bortezomib, the first PI approved, followed by carfilzomib and, the oral ixazomib, have been tested in several trials as single agents or in combination. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of proteasome inhibitors in MM and focus on data derived from clinical trials, analyzing adverse events and their relative management. EXPERT OPINION The authors believe that, currently, the best course of action in the treatment of MM is to use PIs in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and/or with monoclonal antibodies for all patients. However, based on the patient-specific characteristics, it is important to avoid inappropriate discontinuation by knowing the single side effects of every agent in order to balance their efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Scalzulli
- a Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology , "Sapienza" University , Rome , Italy
| | - Sara Grammatico
- a Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology , "Sapienza" University , Rome , Italy
| | - Federico Vozella
- a Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology , "Sapienza" University , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- a Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology , "Sapienza" University , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Franke NE, Kaspers GL, Assaraf YG, van Meerloo J, Niewerth D, Kessler FL, Poddighe PJ, Kole J, Smeets SJ, Ylstra B, Bi C, Chng WJ, Horton TM, Menezes RX, Musters RJP, Zweegman S, Jansen G, Cloos J. Exocytosis of polyubiquitinated proteins in bortezomib-resistant leukemia cells: a role for MARCKS in acquired resistance to proteasome inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74779-74796. [PMID: 27542283 PMCID: PMC5342701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMB5 mutations and upregulation of the β5 subunit of the proteasome represent key determinants of acquired resistance to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) in leukemic cells in vitro. We here undertook a multi-modality (DNA, mRNA, miRNA) array-based analysis of human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and BTZ-resistant subclones to determine whether or not complementary mechanisms contribute to BTZ resistance. These studies revealed signatures of markedly reduced expression of proteolytic stress related genes in drug resistant cells over a broad range of BTZ concentrations along with a high upregulation of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) gene expression. MARCKS upregulation was confirmed on protein level and also observed in other BTZ-resistant tumor cell lines as well as in leukemia cells with acquired resistance to other proteasome inhibitors. Moreover, when MARCKS protein expression was demonstrated in specimens derived from therapy-refractory pediatric leukemia patients (n = 44), higher MARCKS protein expression trended (p = 0.073) towards a dismal response to BTZ-containing chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we show a BTZ concentration-dependent association of MARCKS protein levels with the emergence of ubiquitin-containing vesicles in BTZ-resistant CEM cells. These vesicles were found to be extruded and taken up in co-cultures with proteasome-proficient acceptor cells. Consistent with these observations, MARCKS protein associated with ubiquitin-containing vesicles was also more prominent in clinical leukemic specimen with ex vivo BTZ resistance compared to BTZ-sensitive leukemia cells. Collectively, we propose a role for MARCKS in a novel mechanism of BTZ resistance via exocytosis of ubiquitinated proteins in BTZ-resistant cells leading to quenching of proteolytic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Franke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Johan van Meerloo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Niewerth
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floortje L Kessler
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pino J Poddighe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kole
- Department of Physiology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serge J Smeets
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chonglei Bi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Current address: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terzah M Horton
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rene X Menezes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Franco D, Trusso S, Fazio E, Allegra A, Musolino C, Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Neri F, Nicolò MS, Guglielmino SPP. Raman spectroscopy differentiates between sensitive and resistant multiple myeloma cell lines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 187:15-22. [PMID: 28645097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for identifying neoplastic cells and discerning them from their normal counterparts are often nonspecific and biologically perturbing. Here, we show that single-cell micro-Raman spectroscopy can be used to discriminate between resistant and sensitive multiple myeloma cell lines based on their highly reproducible biomolecular spectral signatures. In order to demonstrate robustness of the proposed approach, we used two different cell lines of multiple myeloma, namely MM.1S and U266B1, and their counterparts MM.1R and U266/BTZ-R subtypes, resistant to dexamethasone and bortezomib, respectively. Then, micro-Raman spectroscopy provides an easily accurate and noninvasive method for cancer detection for both research and clinical environments. Characteristic peaks, mostly due to different DNA/RNA ratio, nucleic acids, lipids and protein concentrations, allow for discerning the sensitive and resistant subtypes. We also explored principal component analysis (PCA) for resistant cell identification and classification. Sensitive and resistant cells form distinct clusters that can be defined using just two principal components. The identification of drug-resistant cells by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy is thus proposed as a clinical tool to assess the development of resistance to glucocorticoids and proteasome inhibitors in myeloma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- Institute of Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Messina, Italy.
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marco S Nicolò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore P P Guglielmino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee DM, Kim IY, Seo MJ, Kwon MR, Choi KS. Nutlin-3 enhances the bortezomib sensitivity of p53-defective cancer cells by inducing paraptosis. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e365. [PMID: 28798402 PMCID: PMC5579507 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, is ineffective against many solid tumors. Nutlin-3 is a potent antagonist of human homolog of murine double minute 2/p53 interaction exhibiting promising therapeutic anti-cancer activity. In this study, we show that treatment of various p53-defective bortezomib-resistant solid tumor cells with bortezomib plus nutlin-3 induces paraptosis, which is a cell death mode accompanied by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Bortezomib alone did not markedly alter cellular morphology, and nutlin-3 alone induced only a transient mitochondrial dilation. However, bortezomib/nutlin-3 co-treatment triggered the progressive fusion of swollen ER and the formation of megamitochondria, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, proteasomal-impairment-induced ER stress, CHOP upregulation and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis were found to be critically involved in the bortezomib/nutlin-3-induced dilation of the ER. Our results further suggest that mitochondrial unfolded protein stress may play an important role in the mitochondrial dilation observed during bortezomib/nutlin-3-induced cell death. Collectively, these findings suggest that bortezomib/nutlin-3 perturbs proteostasis, triggering ER/mitochondria stress and irrecoverable impairments in their structure and function, ultimately leading to paraptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Ji Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Ri Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fu J. Cx43 expressed on bone marrow stromal cells plays an essential role in multiple myeloma cell survival and drug resistance. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:236-245. [PMID: 28144277 PMCID: PMC5206379 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.64722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Connexin-43 (Cx43), a connexin constituent of gap junctions (GJs) is mainly expressed in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and played a important role on hematopoiesis. In this study, we explored the role of gap junctions (GJs) formed by Cx43 between BMSCs and multiple myeloma (MM) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS qPCR and western blot assays were employed to assay Cx43 expression in three MM cell lines (RPMI 8266, U266, and XG7), freshly isolated MM cells, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Cx43 mRNA and proteins were detected in all three MM cell lines and six out of seven freshly isolated MM cells. RESUTHS The BMSCs from MM patients expressed Cx43 at higher levels than of normal donor (ND-BMSCs). Dye transfer assays demonstrated that gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) occurring via Cx43 situated between MM and BMSCs is functional. Cytometry beads array (CBA) assays showed that cytokines production changed when the ND-BMSCs were co-cultured with MM cells, especially the levels of IL-6, SDF-1α and IL-10 were higher than those the cells cultured alone and decreased significantly in the presence of GJ inhibitor heptanol. Our results demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of BTZ to MM cells decreased significantly in the presence of BMSCs, an effect that was partially recovered in the presence of GJ inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GJIC between MM and BMSCs is a critical factor in tumor cell proliferation and drug sensitivity, and is implicated in MM pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Fu
- Department of Hematology, No. 2 Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Suppression of 19S proteasome subunits marks emergence of an altered cell state in diverse cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 114:382-387. [PMID: 28028240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619067114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of proteasome inhibitors to target cancer's dependence on altered protein homeostasis has been greatly limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Analyzing data from thousands of cancer lines and tumors, we find that those with suppressed expression of one or more 19S proteasome subunits show intrinsic proteasome inhibitor resistance. Moreover, such proteasome subunit suppression is associated with poor outcome in myeloma patients, where proteasome inhibitors are a mainstay of treatment. Beyond conferring resistance to proteasome inhibitors, proteasome subunit suppression also serves as a sentinel of a more global remodeling of the transcriptome. This remodeling produces a distinct gene signature and new vulnerabilities to the proapoptotic drug, ABT-263. This frequent, naturally arising imbalance in 19S regulatory complex composition is achieved through a variety of mechanisms, including DNA methylation, and marks the emergence of a heritably altered and therapeutically relevant state in diverse cancers.
Collapse
|
35
|
Expression of immunoproteasome genes is regulated by cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors in human cancers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34019. [PMID: 27659694 PMCID: PMC5034284 DOI: 10.1038/srep34019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on transcriptomic analyses of thousands of samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we report that expression of constitutive proteasome (CP) genes (PSMB5, PSMB6, PSMB7) and immunoproteasome (IP) genes (PSMB8, PSMB9, PSMB10) is increased in most cancer types. In breast cancer, expression of IP genes was determined by the abundance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and high expression of IP genes was associated with longer survival. In contrast, IP upregulation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was a cell-intrinsic feature that was not associated with longer survival. Expression of IP genes in AML was IFN-independent, correlated with the methylation status of IP genes, and was particularly high in AML with an M5 phenotype and/or MLL rearrangement. Notably, PSMB8 inhibition led to accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and cell death in IPhigh but not IPlow AML cells. Co-clustering analysis revealed that genes correlated with IP subunits in non-M5 AMLs were primarily implicated in immune processes. However, in M5 AML, IP genes were primarily co-regulated with genes involved in cell metabolism and proliferation, mitochondrial activity and stress responses. We conclude that M5 AML cells can upregulate IP genes in a cell-intrinsic manner in order to resist cell stress.
Collapse
|
36
|
Delforoush M, Berglund M, Edqvist PH, Sundström C, Gullbo J, Enblad G. Expression of possible targets for new proteasome inhibitors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2016; 98:52-56. [PMID: 27301795 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigating expression of possible targets for proteasome inhibitors in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and correlating the findings to clinical parameters and outcome. METHODS Tumour material from 92 patients with DLBCL treated with either R-CHOP like (n = 69) or CHOP like (n = 23) regimens were stained for possible targets of proteasome inhibitors. RESULTS The primary target molecule of bortezomib, proteasome subunit beta, type 5 (PSMB5), was not detected in the tumour cells in any of the cases but showed an abundant expression in cells in the microenvironment. However, the deubiquitinases (DUBs) of the proteasome, the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5) and the ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14), were detected in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells in 77% and 74% of the cases, respectively. The adhesion regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) was detected in 98% of the cases. There was no correlation between the expression of any of the studied markers and clinical outcome or GC/non-GC phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that UCHL5 and/or USP14 should be further evaluated as new targets for proteasome inhibitors in DLBCL. The lack of expression of PSMB5 on the tumour cells might provide an explanation of the relatively poor results of bortezomib in DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delforoush
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Berglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Edqvist
- Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Levin N, Spencer A, Harrison SJ, Chauhan D, Burrows FJ, Anderson KC, Reich SD, Richardson PG, Trikha M. Marizomib irreversibly inhibits proteasome to overcome compensatory hyperactivation in multiple myeloma and solid tumour patients. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:711-20. [PMID: 27161872 PMCID: PMC5084787 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are highly active in multiple myeloma (MM) but resistance is commonly observed. All clinical stage PIs effectively inhibit chymotrypsin‐like (CT‐L) activity; one possible mechanism of resistance is compensatory hyperactivation of caspase‐like (C‐L) and trypsin‐like (T‐L) subunits, in response to CT‐L blockade. Marizomib (MRZ), an irreversible PI that potently inhibits all three 20S proteasome subunits with a specificity distinct from other PIs, is currently in development for treatment of MM and malignant glioma. The pan‐proteasome pharmacodynamic activity in packed whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured in two studies in patients with advanced solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Functional inhibition of all proteasome subunits was achieved with once‐ or twice‐weekly MRZ dosing; 100% inhibition of CT‐L was frequently achieved within one cycle at therapeutic doses. Concomitantly, C‐L and T‐L activities were either unaffected or increased, suggesting compensatory hyperactivation of these subunits. Importantly, this response was overcome by continued administration of MRZ, with robust inhibition of T‐L and C‐L (up to 80% and 50%, respectively) by the end of Cycle 2 and maintained thereafter. This enhanced proteasome inhibition was independent of tumour type and may underlie the clinical activity of MRZ in patients resistant to other PIs.
Collapse
|
38
|
Natural compounds for pediatric cancer treatment. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:131-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
39
|
Bailey H, Stenehjem DD, Sharma S. Panobinostat for the treatment of multiple myeloma: the evidence to date. J Blood Med 2015; 6:269-76. [PMID: 26504410 PMCID: PMC4603728 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s69140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy involving plasma cell proliferation within the bone marrow. Survival of patients diagnosed with myeloma has significantly improved in the last decade, following the approval of novel agents. Despite great strides achieved in the management of multiple myeloma, it is still considered an incurable disease as the majority of patients relapse after initiation of therapy. Additionally, the duration of response generally decreases with an increasing number of therapy lines. The need to overcome resistance to therapy dictates research into more potent agents and those with novel mechanisms of action. A therapeutic option for relapsed/refractory myeloma includes histone deacetylase inhibition. Various histone deacetylase inhibitors, including the newly approved panobinostat, are currently under evaluation in this setting. Panobinostat for multiple myeloma is used in combination with other potent therapeutic agents, such as proteasome inhibitors and steroids. Ongoing research evaluating other panobinostat-containing regimens will provide additional insight into its place in myeloma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bailey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David D Stenehjem
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ; Department of Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tsvetkov P, Mendillo ML, Zhao J, Carette JE, Merrill PH, Cikes D, Varadarajan M, van Diemen FR, Penninger JM, Goldberg AL, Brummelkamp TR, Santagata S, Lindquist S. Compromising the 19S proteasome complex protects cells from reduced flux through the proteasome. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26327695 PMCID: PMC4551903 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are central regulators of protein homeostasis in eukaryotes. Proteasome function is vulnerable to environmental insults, cellular protein imbalance and targeted pharmaceuticals. Yet, mechanisms that cells deploy to counteract inhibition of this central regulator are little understood. To find such mechanisms, we reduced flux through the proteasome to the point of toxicity with specific inhibitors and performed genome-wide screens for mutations that allowed cells to survive. Counter to expectation, reducing expression of individual subunits of the proteasome's 19S regulatory complex increased survival. Strong 19S reduction was cytotoxic but modest reduction protected cells from inhibitors. Protection was accompanied by an increased ratio of 20S to 26S proteasomes, preservation of protein degradation capacity and reduced proteotoxic stress. While compromise of 19S function can have a fitness cost under basal conditions, it provided a powerful survival advantage when proteasome function was impaired. This means of rebalancing proteostasis is conserved from yeast to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tsvetkov
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Parker H Merrill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ferdy R van Diemen
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred L Goldberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Inhibition of proteasome deubiquitinase activity: a strategy to overcome resistance to conventional proteasome inhibitors? Drug Resist Updat 2015; 21-22:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
42
|
Shah SP, Lonial S, Boise LH. When Cancer Fights Back: Multiple Myeloma, Proteasome Inhibition, and the Heat-Shock Response. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1163-73. [PMID: 26013169 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with an estimated 26,850 new cases and 11,240 deaths in 2015 in the United States. Two main classes of agents are the mainstays of therapy-proteasome inhibitors (PI) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD). Other new targets are emerging rapidly, including monoclonal antibodies and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. These therapeutic options have greatly improved overall survival, but currently only 15% to 20% of patients experience long-term progression-free survival or are cured. Therefore, improvement in treatment options is needed. One potential means of improving clinical options is to target resistance mechanisms for current agents. For example, eliminating the cytoprotective heat-shock response that protects myeloma cells from proteasome inhibition may enhance PI-based therapies. The transcription factor heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the heat-shock response. HSF1 is vital in the proteotoxic stress response, and its activation is controlled by posttranslational modifications (PTM). This review details the mechanisms of HSF1 regulation and discusses leveraging that regulation to enhance PI activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shardule P Shah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Trader DJ, Simanski S, Kodadek T. A reversible and highly selective inhibitor of the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor rpn13 is toxic to multiple myeloma cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6312-9. [PMID: 25914958 PMCID: PMC4455945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multisubunit complex responsible for most nonlysosomal turnover of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Proteasome inhibitors are of great interest clinically, particularly for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Unfortunately, resistance arises almost inevitably to these active site-targeted drugs. One strategy to overcome this resistance is to inhibit other steps in the protein turnover cascade mediated by the proteasome. Previously, Anchoori et al. identified Rpn13 as the target of an electrophilic compound (RA-190) that was selectively toxic to MM cells (Cancer Cell 2013, 24, 791-805), suggesting that this subunit of the proteasome is also a viable cancer drug target. Here we describe the discovery of the first highly selective, reversible Rpn13 ligands and show that they are also selectively toxic to MM cells. These data strongly support the hypothesis that Rpn13 is a viable target for the development of drugs to treat MM and other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darci J. Trader
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Scott Simanski
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Priestman MA, Wang Q, Jernigan FE, Chowdhury R, Schmidt M, Lawrence DS. Multicolor monitoring of the proteasome's catalytic signature. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:433-40. [PMID: 25347733 PMCID: PMC4340355 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The proteasome, a validated anticancer
target, participates in
an array of biochemical activities, which range from the proteolysis
of defective proteins to antigen presentation. We report the preparation
of biochemically and photophysically distinct green, red, and far-red
real-time sensors designed to simultaneously monitor the proteasome’s
chymotrypsin-, trypsin-, and caspase-like activities, respectively.
These sensors were employed to assess the effect of simultaneous multiple
active site catalysis on the kinetic properties of the individual
subunits. Furthermore, we have found that the catalytic signature
of the proteasome varies depending on the source, cell type, and disease
state. Trypsin-like activity is more pronounced in yeast than in mammals,
whereas chymotrypsin-like activity is the only activity detectable
in B-cells (unlike other mammalian cells). Furthermore, chymotrypsin-like
activity is more prominent in transformed B cells relative to their
counterparts from healthy donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Priestman
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry,
and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Qunzhao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry,
and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Finith E. Jernigan
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry,
and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ruma Chowdhury
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Marion Schmidt
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry,
and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The destruction of proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a multi-step, complex process involving polyubiquitination of substrate proteins, followed by proteolytic degradation by the macromolecular 26S proteasome complex. Inhibitors of the proteasome promote the accumulation of proteins that are deleterious to cell survival, and represent promising anti-cancer agents. In multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, treatment with the first-generation proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, or the second-generation inhibitor, carfilzomib, has demonstrated significant therapeutic benefit in humans. This has prompted United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approval of these agents and development of additional second-generation compounds with improved properties. There is considerable interest in extending the benefits of proteasome inhibitors to the treatment of solid tumor malignancies. Herein, we review progress that has been made in the preclinical development and clinical evaluation of different proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors. In addition, we describe several novel approaches that are currently being pursued for the treatment of solid tumors, including drug combinatorial strategies incorporating proteasome inhibitors and the targeting of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that are distinct from the 26S proteasome complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Johnson
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartments of Medicine, and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Room 2.18c, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huber E, Heinemeyer W, Groll M. Bortezomib-Resistant Mutant Proteasomes: Structural and Biochemical Evaluation with Carfilzomib and ONX 0914. Structure 2015; 23:407-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
47
|
Surati M, Valla K, Shah KS, Panjic EH, Lonial S. Panobinostat for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.999665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
48
|
Verbrugge SE, Scheper RJ, Lems WF, de Gruijl TD, Jansen G. Proteasome inhibitors as experimental therapeutics of autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:17. [PMID: 25889583 PMCID: PMC4308859 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) consisting of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or biological agents are not always effective, hence driving the demand for new experimental therapeutics. The antiproliferative capacity of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has received considerable attention given the success of their first prototypical representative, bortezomib (BTZ), in the treatment of B cell and plasma cell-related hematological malignancies. Therapeutic application of PIs in an autoimmune disease setting is much less explored, despite a clear rationale of (immuno) proteasome involvement in (auto)antigen presentation, and PIs harboring the capacity to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor-κB and suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Here, we review the clinical positioning of (immuno) proteasomes in autoimmune diseases, in particular RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome and sclerodema, and elaborate on (pre)clinical data related to the impact of BTZ and next generation PIs on immune effector cells (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, osteoclasts) implicated in their pathophysiology. Finally, factors influencing long-term efficacy of PIs, their current (pre)clinical status and future perspectives as anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agents are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ellen Verbrugge
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem F Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Scholz C, Knorr S, Hamacher K, Schmidt B. DOCKTITE—A Highly Versatile Step-by-Step Workflow for Covalent Docking and Virtual Screening in the Molecular Operating Environment. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:398-406. [DOI: 10.1021/ci500681r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scholz
- Clemens
Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Knorr
- Computational
Biology & Simulation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße
10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kay Hamacher
- Computational
Biology & Simulation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße
10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Boris Schmidt
- Clemens
Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Niewerth D, Jansen G, Assaraf YG, Zweegman S, Kaspers GJ, Cloos J. Molecular basis of resistance to proteasome inhibitors in hematological malignancies. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 18:18-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|