1
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Dalton DM, Walroth RC, Rouget-Virbel C, Mack KA, Toste FD. Utopia Point Bayesian Optimization Finds Condition-Dependent Selectivity for N-Methyl Pyrazole Condensation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15779-15786. [PMID: 38804885 PMCID: PMC11177315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Utopia Point Bayesian Optimization (UPBO) was used to identify reaction conditions that are highly selective for the formation of N1 and N2-methyl-3-aryl pyrazole constitutional isomers. UPBO was used to explore a wide chemical space and identify basic reaction conditions for a typically acid-catalyzed Knorr pyrazole condensation. These studies revealed that selectivity in the reaction stems from a condition-dependent equilibrium of intermediates prior to dehydration. For the N2-methyl isomer reaction pathway, a hemiaminal intermediate was found to form reversibly under the reaction conditions, enabling a highly selective synthesis of the N2 isomer upon dehydrative workup. UPBO was able to successfully optimize conversion and selectivity simultaneously with search spaces of >1 million potential variable combinations without the need for high-performance computational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Dalton
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard C. Walroth
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Caroline Rouget-Virbel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Verma M, Trivedi L, Vasudev PG. Interaction Patterns of Pyrazolopyrimidines with Receptor Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2331-2344. [PMID: 37023262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have a prominent role in medicinal chemistry and drug design. They are not only useful as medicinally active compounds but also as a modular structural scaffold for drug design. Therefore, heterocycles are present in many ligands that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Pyazolopyrimidines are nitrogen heterocycles and are part of many biologically active compounds and marketed drugs. This study examines the non-covalent interactions between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and receptor proteins through data mining and analysis of high-resolution crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The Protein Data Bank contains 471 crystal structures with pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as ligands, among which 50% contains 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (Pyp1), while 38% contains pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines (Pyp2). 1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines (Pyp3) are found in 11% of the structures, and no structural data is available for pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine isomers (Pyp4). Among receptor proteins, transferases are found in most examples (67.5%), followed by hydrolases (13.4%) and oxidoreductases (8.9%). Detailed analysis of structures to identify the most prevalent interactions of pyrazolopyrimidines with proteins shows that aromatic π···π interactions are present in ∼91% of the structures and hydrogen bonds/other polar contacts are present in ∼73% of the structures. The centroid-centroid distances (dcent) between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and aromatic side chains of the proteins have been retrieved from crystal structures recorded at a high resolution (data resolution <2.0 Å). The average value of dcent in pyrazolopyrimidine-protein complexes is 5.32 Å. The information on the geometric parameters of aromatic interactions between the core pyrazolopyrimidine ring and the protein would be helpful in future in silico modeling studies on pyrazolopyrimidine-receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
| | - Laxmikant Trivedi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
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3
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Recent Advancement in Drug Design and Discovery of Pyrazole Biomolecules as Cancer and Inflammation Therapeutics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248708. [PMID: 36557840 PMCID: PMC9780894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazole, an important pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold of immense significance, is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety with an extensive therapeutic profile, viz., anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-anxiety, anticancer, analgesic, antipyretic, etc. Due to the expansion of pyrazolecent red pharmacological molecules at a quicker pace, there is an urgent need to put emphasis on recent literature with hitherto available information to recognize the status of this scaffold for pharmaceutical research. The reported potential pyrazole-containing compounds are highlighted in the manuscript for the treatment of cancer and inflammation, and the results are mentioned in % inhibition of inflammation, % growth inhibition, IC50, etc. Pyrazole is an important heterocyclic moiety with a strong pharmacological profile, which may act as an important pharmacophore for the drug discovery process. In the struggle to cultivate suitable anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, chemists have now focused on pyrazole biomolecules. This review conceals the recent expansion of pyrazole biomolecules as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents with an aim to provide better correlation among different research going around the world.
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4
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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5
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Claesson A, Parkes K. Non-innocuous Consequences of Metabolic Oxidation of Alkyls on Arenes. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11433-11453. [PMID: 36001003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive metabolite (RM) formation is widely accepted as playing a pivotal role in causing adverse idiosyncratic drug reactions, with most attention paid to drug-induced liver injury. Mechanisms of RM formation are determined by the drug's properties in relation to human enzymes transforming the drug. This Perspective focuses on enzymatic oxidation of alkyl groups on aromatics leading to quinone methides and benzylic alcohol sulfates as RMs, a topic that has not received very much attention. Unlike previous overviews, we will include in our Perspective several fulvene-like methides such as 3-methyleneindole. We also speculate that a few older drugs may form non-reported methides of this class. In addition, we report a few guiding DFT calculations of changes in free energy on going from a benzylic alcohol to the corresponding methide. Particularly facile reactions of 2-aminothiazole-5-methanol and 4-aminobenzyl alcohol are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alf Claesson
- Awametox AB, Lilldalsvägen 17 A, SE-14461 Rönninge, Sweden
| | - Kevin Parkes
- Consultant, 39 Cashio Lane, Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire SG6 1AY, U.K
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6
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Poletto J, da Silva MJV, Pianoski KE, Willig JCM, Rosa FA. Regiodivergent Synthesis of 3,4- and 4,5-Disubstituted N-Methylpyrazoles from 4-Acyl-1 H-pyrrole-2,3-dione and Methylhydrazine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8544-8550. [PMID: 35687873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple, efficient and highly regioselective method for the preparation of 3,4- and 4,5-disubstituted N-methylpyrazoles in a one-pot procedure is reported. The methodology developed was based on the regiochemical control of the reaction of 4-acyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones and methylhydrazine with an influence of the addition or absence of acid and the substrate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Poletto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87030-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michael J V da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87030-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karlos E Pianoski
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87030-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julia C M Willig
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87030-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Rosa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87030-900, Paraná, Brazil
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7
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Morris G, Keogh AP, Farid U, Stumpf A. Development of an impurity and hydrate form controlling continuous crystallization to telescope a two-step batch recrystallization in the GDC-4379 drug substance process. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Mai NT, Lan NT, Vu TY, Tung NT, Phung HTT. A computationally affordable approach for accurate prediction of the binding affinity of JAK2 inhibitors. J Mol Model 2022; 28:163. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Bhogireddy DN, Surapureddi SR, Syed T, Prashanth T, Tadiboina BR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryl derivatives of isoxazole pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines as anticancer agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2056846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danayya Nayudu Bhogireddy
- Department of Chemistry, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India
- Laurus Labs Limited, IKP Knowledge Park, Genome Valley, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Tasqeeruddin Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thodupunuri Prashanth
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhaskara Rao Tadiboina
- Department of Chemistry, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India
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10
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. The Emerging Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:221-233. [PMID: 35232350 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220301105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway is activated abnormally, which promotes carcinogenesis. Several cytokines are important cancer drivers. These proteins bind to receptors and use the Janus kinase (JAK) and STAT pathways to communicate their responses. Cancer risks are linked to genetic differences in the JAK-STAT system. JAK inhibitors have shown to reduce STAT initiation, tissue propagation, and cell existence in preclinical investigations in solid tumour cell line models. JAK inhibitors, notably ruxolitinib, a, JAK1 or 2 blockers, make cell lines and mouse models more susceptible to radiotherapy, biological response modifier therapy, and oncolytic viral treatment. Numerous JAK antagonists have been or are now being evaluated in cancerous patients as monotherapy or by combining with other drugs in clinical studies. In preclinical investigations, certain JAK inhibitors showed promise anticancer effects; however, clinical trials explicitly evaluating their effectiveness against the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours have yet to be completed. JAK inhibition is a promising strategy to target the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours, and it deserves to be tested further in clinical studies. The function of directing Janus kinases (JAKs), an upstream accelerator of STATs, as a technique for lowering STAT activity in various malignant circumstances is summarized in this article, which will help scientists to generate more specific drug molecules in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be Unoiversity), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Centre of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Centre of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be Unoiversity), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Evaluation of Substituted Pyrazole-Based Kinase Inhibitors in One Decade (2011-2020): Current Status and Future Prospects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27010330. [PMID: 35011562 PMCID: PMC8747022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole has been recognized as a pharmacologically important privileged scaffold whose derivatives produce almost all types of pharmacological activities and have attracted much attention in the last decades. Of the various pyrazole derivatives reported as potential therapeutic agents, this article focuses on pyrazole-based kinase inhibitors. Pyrazole-possessing kinase inhibitors play a crucial role in various disease areas, especially in many cancer types such as lymphoma, breast cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, and others in addition to inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we reviewed the structural and biological characteristics of the pyrazole derivatives recently reported as kinase inhibitors and classified them according to their target kinases in a chronological order. We reviewed the reports including pyrazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors published during the past decade (2011-2020).
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12
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Stumpf A, Burkhard J, Xu D, Marx A, Lao D, Ochsenbein M, Ranjan R, Angelaud R, Gosselin F. Efficient, Protecting Group Free Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of the JAK1 Inhibitor GDC-4379. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stumpf
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Johannes Burkhard
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Lao
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Miriam Ochsenbein
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rohit Ranjan
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Remy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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13
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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14
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Sengupta S, Das P. C-H activation reactions of nitroarenes: current status and outlook. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8409-8424. [PMID: 34554174 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ring substitution reactions of nitroarenes remain an under-developed area of organic synthesis, confined to the narrow domains of SNAr and SNArH reactions. While searching for alternative methodologies, we took stock of the C-H activation reactions of nitroarenes which unearthed a variety of examples of nitro directed regioselective C-H functionalization reactions such as ortho-arylation, -benzylation/alkylation, and -allylation, oxidative Heck and C-H arylation reactions on (hetero)aromatic rings. A collective account of these reactions is presented in this review to showcase the existing landscape of C-H activation reactions of nitroarenes, to create interest in this field for further development and propagate this strategy as a superior alternative for ring substitution reactions of nitroarenes. The prospect of merging the C-H activation of nitroarenes with C-NO2 activation, thereby harnessing NO2 as a transformable multitasking directing group, is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad-826004, India.
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad-826004, India.
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15
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Pasqua E, Hamblin N, Edwards C, Baker-Glenn C, Hurley C. Developing inhaled drugs for respiratory diseases: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:134-150. [PMID: 34547449 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the devastating impact of many lung diseases on human health, there is still a significant unmet medical need in respiratory diseases, for which inhaled delivery represents a crucial strategy. More guidance on how to design and carry out multidisciplinary inhaled projects is needed. When designing inhaled drugs, the medicinal chemist must carefully balance the physicochemical properties of the molecule to achieve optimal target engagement in the lung. Although the medicinal chemistry strategy is unique for each project, and will change depending on multiple factors, such as the disease, target, systemic risk, delivery device, and formulation, general guidelines aiding inhaled drug design can be applied and are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pasqua
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK.
| | - Nicole Hamblin
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK; Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Charles Baker-Glenn
- Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Chris Hurley
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
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16
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Ren J, Ding S, Li X, Bi R, Zhao Q. An Approach for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines via Cu(II)-Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of Saturated Ketones with Aminopyrazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12762-12771. [PMID: 34464147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-step synthesis of diversely substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines from saturated ketones and 3-aminopyrazoles is presented. This transformation involves the in situ formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones via a radical process, followed by [3+3] annulation with 3-aminopyrazoles in one pot. Mechanistic studies have shown that the dual C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of inactive ketones is required for the formation of the title compounds. Notably, this dehydrogenative coupling process provides access to a host of functionalized pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with antitumor potential from commercially available substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinshi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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17
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Huestis MP, Durk MR, Eigenbrot C, Gibbons P, Hunsaker TL, La H, Leung DH, Liu W, Malek S, Merchant M, Moffat JG, Muli CS, Orr CJ, Parr BT, Shanahan F, Sneeringer CJ, Wang W, Yen I, Yin J, Rudolph J, Siu M. Targeting KRAS Mutant Cancers via Combination Treatment: Discovery of a Pyridopyridazinone pan-RAF Kinase Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:791-797. [PMID: 34055227 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure-based optimization of a set of aryl urea RAF inhibitors has led to the identification of Type II pan-RAF inhibitor GNE-9815 (7), which features a unique pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8(7H)-one hinge-binding motif. With minimal polar hinge contacts, the pyridopyridazinone hinge binder moiety affords exquisite kinase selectivity in a lipophilic efficient manner. The improved physicochemical properties of GNE-9815 provided a path for oral dosing without enabling formulations. In vivo evaluation of GNE-9815 in combination with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib demonstrated synergistic MAPK pathway modulation in an HCT116 xenograft mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, GNE-9815 is among the most highly kinase-selective RAF inhibitors reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm P. Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew R. Durk
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul Gibbons
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas L. Hunsaker
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hank La
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dennis H. Leung
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Liu
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shiva Malek
- Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John G. Moffat
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine S. Muli
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine J. Orr
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brendan T. Parr
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Frances Shanahan
- Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher J. Sneeringer
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Weiru Wang
- Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ivana Yen
- Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianping Yin
- Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joachim Rudolph
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael Siu
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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18
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Huestis MP, Dela Cruz D, DiPasquale AG, Durk MR, Eigenbrot C, Gibbons P, Gobbi A, Hunsaker TL, La H, Leung DH, Liu W, Malek S, Merchant M, Moffat JG, Muli CS, Orr CJ, Parr BT, Shanahan F, Sneeringer CJ, Wang W, Yen I, Yin J, Siu M, Rudolph J. Targeting KRAS Mutant Cancers via Combination Treatment: Discovery of a 5-Fluoro-4-(3 H)-quinazolinone Aryl Urea pan-RAF Kinase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3940-3955. [PMID: 33780623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of a series of aryl urea RAF inhibitors led to the identification of type II pan-RAF inhibitor GNE-0749 (7), which features a fluoroquinazolinone hinge-binding motif. By minimizing reliance on common polar hinge contacts, this hinge binder allows for a greater contribution of RAF-specific residue interactions, resulting in exquisite kinase selectivity. Strategic substitution of fluorine at the C5 position efficiently masked the adjacent polar NH functionality and increased solubility by impeding a solid-state conformation associated with stronger crystal packing of the molecule. The resulting improvements in permeability and solubility enabled oral dosing of 7. In vivo evaluation of 7 in combination with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib demonstrated synergistic pathway inhibition and significant tumor growth inhibition in a KRAS mutant xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm P Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Darlene Dela Cruz
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Antonio G DiPasquale
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew R Durk
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul Gibbons
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas L Hunsaker
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hank La
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dennis H Leung
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Liu
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shiva Malek
- Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John G Moffat
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine S Muli
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine J Orr
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brendan T Parr
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Frances Shanahan
- Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher J Sneeringer
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Weiru Wang
- Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ivana Yen
- Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianping Yin
- Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael Siu
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joachim Rudolph
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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19
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Krishnan SR, Bung N, Bulusu G, Roy A. Accelerating De Novo Drug Design against Novel Proteins Using Deep Learning. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:621-630. [PMID: 33491455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the world plagued by the emergence of new diseases, it is essential that we accelerate the drug design process to develop new therapeutics against them. In recent years, deep learning-based methods have shown some success in ligand-based drug design. Yet, these methods face the problem of data scarcity while designing drugs against a novel target. In this work, the potential of deep learning and molecular modeling approaches was leveraged to develop a drug design pipeline, which can be useful for cases where there is limited or no availability of target-specific ligand datasets. Inhibitors of the homologues of the target protein were screened at the active site of the target protein to create an initial target-specific dataset. Transfer learning was used to learn the features of the target-specific dataset. A deep predictive model was utilized to predict the docking scores of newly designed molecules. Both these models were combined using reinforcement learning to design new chemical entities with an optimized docking score. The pipeline was validated by designing inhibitors against the human JAK2 protein, where none of the existing JAK2 inhibitors were used for training. The ability of the method to reproduce existing molecules from the validation dataset and design molecules with better binding energy demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ramaswamy Krishnan
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad 500081, India
| | - Navneet Bung
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad 500081, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Bulusu
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad 500081, India
| | - Arijit Roy
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad 500081, India
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20
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21
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Bondock S, Alqahtani S, Fouda AM. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of some new pyrazolo[3,4‐
d
][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ones, pyrazolo[1,5‐
a
]pyrimidines, and imidazo[1,2‐
b
]pyrazoles clubbed with carbazole. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bondock
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Salwa Alqahtani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts King Khalid University Sarat Abidah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
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22
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Defnet AE, Hasday JD, Shapiro P. Kinase inhibitors in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 51:11-18. [PMID: 32361678 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, are major causes of death and reduced quality of life. Characteristic of chronic pulmonary disease is excessive lung inflammation that occurs in response to exposure to inhaled irritants, chemicals, and allergens. Chronic inflammation leads to remodeling of the airways that includes excess mucus secretion, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and fibrosis. Protein kinases have been implicated in mediating inflammatory signals and airway remodeling associated with reduced lung function in chronic pulmonary disease. This review will highlight the role of protein kinases in the lung during chronic inflammation and examine opportunities to use protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Jeffery D Hasday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
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23
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Rao RN, Chanda K. An assessment study of known pyrazolopyrimidines: Chemical methodology and cellular activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103801. [PMID: 32278206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen atom play a key role in the normal life cycle of a cell. Pyrazolopyrimidine is a privileged class of nitrogen containing fused heterocyclic compound contributing to a major portion of all lead molecules in medicinal chemistry. The thumbprint of pyrazolopyrimidine as a pharmacophore is always noticeable due to its analogy with the adenine base in DNA. Pyrazolopyrimidines are divided into five types [I, II, III, IV, V] based on the mechanism of action on the specific target conferring a wide scope of research which has accelerated the interest of researchers to investigate its biological profile. In 1956, the anti-cancer activity of pyrazolopyrimidine was evaluated for the first time with appreciable results. Since then, medicinal chemists centered their work on various methods of synthesis and evaluating the biological profile of pyrazolopyrimidine isomers. This report consists of novel methodologies followed to synthesize pyrazolopyrimidine isomers along with a note on their biological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this review article will be first of its kind to encompass different synthetic procedures along with anti-cancer, kinase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition and receptor blocking activity of pyrazolopyrimidine moieties. IC50 values of potent compounds are added wherever necessary to understand the suitability of pyrazolopyrimidine skeletons for a specific biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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24
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Xu P, Shen P, Yu B, Xu X, Ge R, Cheng X, Chen Q, Bian J, Li Z, Wang J. Janus kinases (JAKs): The efficient therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112155. [PMID: 32120325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases or JAKs are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that play an essential role in the signaling of numerous cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders. JAKs are activated upon ligand induced receptor homo- or heterodimerization, which results in the immediate phosphorylation of tyrosine residues and the phosphotyrosines then serve as docking sites for cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins which become phosphorylated by the JAKs upon recruitment to the receptor complex. The phosphorylated STAT proteins dimerize and travel to the cellular nucleus, where they act as transcription factors. Interfering in the JAK-STAT pathway has yielded the only approved small molecule kinase inhibitors for immunological indications. Numerous medicinal chemistry studies are currently aimed at the design of novel and potent inhibitors for JAKs. Additionally, whether the second-generation inhibitors which possessed selectivity for JAKs are more efficient are under research. This Perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development of JAKs inhibitors, including the potential binding site and approaches for identifying small-molecule inhibitors, as well as future therapeutic perspectives in autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders are also put forward in order to provide reference and rational for the drug discovery of novel and potent JAKs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Raoling Ge
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China.
| | - JuBo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China.
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25
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Kang E, Kim HT, Joo JM. Transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization of pyrazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6192-6210. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions of pyrazoles to form new C–C and C–heteroatom bonds on the pyrazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
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26
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Alsaedi AMR, Farghaly TA, Shaaban MR. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidines Incorporated with Mono- and Diphenylsulfonyl Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24214009. [PMID: 31694325 PMCID: PMC6864798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24214009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems containing phenylsulfonyl moiety have been synthesized via the reaction of 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-1-(4-(phenylsulfonyl) phenyl)ethan-1-one, 2-benzenesulfonyl-1-(4-benzenesulfonyl-phenyl)-3-dimethylamino-propenone and 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one each with various substituted aminoazopyrazole derivatives in one pot reaction strategy. The proposed structure as well as the mechanism of their reactions were discussed and proved with all possible spectral data. The results of antimicrobial activities of the new sulfone derivatives revealed that several derivatives showed activity exceeding the activity of reference drug. Contrary to expectations, we found that derivatives containing one sulfone group are more effective against all bacteria and fungi used than those contain two sulfone groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M. R. Alsaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraya. A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.A.F.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +966-545917568 (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohamed R. Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah 21514, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.A.F.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +966-545917568 (M.R.S.)
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27
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Dengler HS, Wu X, Peng I, Rinderknecht CH, Kwon Y, Suto E, Kohli PB, Liimatta M, Barrett K, Lloyd J, Cain G, Briggs M, Addo S, Salmon G, Ubhayakar S, Deshmukh G, Shahidi-Latham SK, Quiason-Huynh CM, Jackman J, Liu J, Ray NC, Goodacre SC, Johnson A, McKenzie BS, Lee WP, Zak M, Kenny JR, Ghilardi N. Lung-restricted inhibition of Janus kinase 1 is effective in rodent models of asthma. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/468/eaao2151. [PMID: 30463918 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that a subset of asthma is driven by type 2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. Additional evidence predicts pathogenic roles for IL-6 and type I and type II interferons. Because each of these cytokines depends on Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) for signal transduction, and because many of the asthma-related effects of these cytokines manifest in the lung, we hypothesized that lung-restricted JAK1 inhibition may confer therapeutic benefit. To test this idea, we synthesized iJak-381, an inhalable small molecule specifically designed for local JAK1 inhibition in the lung. In pharmacodynamic models, iJak-381 suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 activation by IL-13. Furthermore, iJak-381 suppressed ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in both murine and guinea pig asthma models and improved allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. In a model driven by human allergens, iJak-381 had a more potent suppressive effect on neutrophil-driven inflammation compared to systemic corticosteroid administration. The inhibitor iJak-381 reduced lung pathology, without affecting systemic Jak1 activity in rodents. Our data show that local inhibition of Jak1 in the lung can suppress lung inflammation without systemic Jak inhibition in rodents, suggesting that this strategy might be effective for treating asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hart S Dengler
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiumin Wu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ivan Peng
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cornelia H Rinderknecht
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Youngsu Kwon
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eric Suto
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pawan Bir Kohli
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Marya Liimatta
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kathy Barrett
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Julia Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Charles River Discovery, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Gary Cain
- Department of Safety Assessment Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mike Briggs
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Charles River Discovery, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Stephanie Addo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Charles River Discovery, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Gary Salmon
- Department of Biology, Charles River Discovery, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Savita Ubhayakar
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gauri Deshmukh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sheerin K Shahidi-Latham
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cristine M Quiason-Huynh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janet Jackman
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John Liu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nicholas C Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Charles River Discovery, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Simon C Goodacre
- Department of Chemistry, Charles River Discovery, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Adam Johnson
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mark Zak
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jane R Kenny
- Department of Safety Assessment Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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28
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Mekky AEM, Sanad SMH, Ahmed AAM. Microwave Assisted Three Component One‐pot Synthesis of Bis(aminoazolo[1,5‐
a
]pyrimidines) and Bis(aminoazino[1,2‐
a
]benzimidazoles) Bearing Thiazole Moiety. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceCairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A. M. Ahmed
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceCairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
- Preparatory Year DeanshipJouf University Sakaka, KSA
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29
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Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused N-heterocyclic systems of a pyrazole. They are considered as a key structural motif in many vital applications, such as medicinal, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and pigments. Their synthetic routes have escalated dramatically in the last decades. The current review is a recent synthetic survey of pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines and their applications until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Azmi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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30
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Bryan MC, Drobnick J, Gobbi A, Kolesnikov A, Chen Y, Rajapaksa N, Ndubaku C, Feng J, Chang W, Francis R, Yu C, Choo EF, DeMent K, Ran Y, An L, Emson C, Huang Z, Sujatha-Bhaskar S, Brightbill H, DiPasquale A, Maher J, Wai J, McKenzie BS, Lupardus PJ, Zarrin AA, Kiefer JR. Development of Potent and Selective Pyrazolopyrimidine IRAK4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6223-6240. [PMID: 31082230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors of IRAK4 were developed from a high-throughput screen (HTS). Modification of an HTS hit led to a series of bicyclic heterocycles with improved potency and kinase selectivity but lacking sufficient solubility to progress in vivo. Structure-based drug design, informed by cocrystal structures with the protein and small-molecule crystal structures, yielded a series of dihydrobenzofurans. This semisaturated bicycle provided superior druglike properties while maintaining excellent potency and selectivity. Improved physicochemical properties allowed for progression into in vivo experiments, where lead molecules exhibited low clearance and showed target-based inhibition of IRAK4 signaling in an inflammation-mediated PK/PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian C Bryan
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joy Drobnick
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Aleksandr Kolesnikov
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- WuXi Apptec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Naomi Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Chudi Ndubaku
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jianwen Feng
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Willy Chang
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ross Francis
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Christine Yu
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Claire Emson
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | | | - Hans Brightbill
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Antonio DiPasquale
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi Apptec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Patrick J Lupardus
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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31
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Metwally NH, Mohamed MS, Ragb EA. Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, molecular docking and cell cycle analysis of 3-methyl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent histone lysine demethylases (KDM) inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102929. [PMID: 31015179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were synthesized and proved by their spectral and elemental analysis, some elected of the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity employing MTT assay on two cancer cell lines (Breast and Hela cancers). Compounds 5, 7e and 7i showed the higher cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines with (IC50 = 13.91 ± 1.4 and 22.37 ± 1.8 μM/L), (IC50 = 6.56 ± 0.5 and 8.72 ± 0.9 μM/L) and (IC50 = 4.17 ± 0.2 and 5.57 ± 0.4 μM/L) for two cancer cell lines breast and hela respectively, using doxorubicin as a reference drug. The most potent cytotoxic active compounds 5, 7e and 7i presented inhibitory activity against KDM (histone lysine demethylases) with IC50 = 4.05, 1.91 and 2.31 μM, respectively. The most potent KDM inhibitor 7e (IC50 = 1.91 μM) showed to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase by 4 folds than control and induce total apoptotic effect by 10 folds more than control. In silico studies performed on the more potent cytotoxic active compounds 5, 7e and 7i included lipinisk's rule of five. Moreover, molecular docking study was utilized to explore the binding mode of the most active compounds to the target enzyme (PDB-ID: 5IVE). Also, some bioinformatics studies were carried out for compounds 7e and 7i using Swiss ADME (Swiss Institute of bioinformatics 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Said Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Ali Ragb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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32
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Zak M, Hanan EJ, Lupardus P, Brown DG, Robinson C, Siu M, Lyssikatos JP, Romero FA, Zhao G, Kellar T, Mendonca R, Ray NC, Goodacre SC, Crackett PH, McLean N, Hurley CA, Yuen PW, Cheng YX, Liu X, Liimatta M, Kohli PB, Nonomiya J, Salmon G, Buckley G, Lloyd J, Gibbons P, Ghilardi N, Kenny JR, Johnson A. Discovery of a class of highly potent Janus Kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibitors demonstrating effective cell-based blockade of IL-13 signaling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1522-1531. [PMID: 30981576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaling with large molecule antibody therapies has shown promise in diseases of allergic inflammation. Given that IL-13 recruits several members of the Janus Kinase family (JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2) to its receptor complex, JAK inhibition may offer an alternate small molecule approach to disrupting IL-13 signaling. Herein we demonstrate that JAK1 is likely the isoform most important to IL-13 signaling. Structure-based design was then used to improve the JAK1 potency of a series of previously reported JAK2 inhibitors. The ability to impede IL-13 signaling was thereby significantly improved, with the best compounds exhibiting single digit nM IC50's in cell-based assays dependent upon IL-13 signaling. Appropriate substitution was further found to influence inhibition of a key off-target, LRRK2. Finally, the most potent compounds were found to be metabolically labile, which makes them ideal scaffolds for further development as topical agents for IL-13 mediated diseases of the lungs and skin (for example asthma and atopic dermatitis, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Emily J Hanan
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David G Brown
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Robinson
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Siu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Guiling Zhao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Terry Kellar
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rohan Mendonca
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nicholas C Ray
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Goodacre
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Crackett
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Neville McLean
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Hurley
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Po-Wai Yuen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yun-Xing Cheng
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Xiongcai Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Marya Liimatta
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pawan Bir Kohli
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jim Nonomiya
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gary Salmon
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Buckley
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Lloyd
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gibbons
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nico Ghilardi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jane R Kenny
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Adam Johnson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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33
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Modi P, Patel S, Chhabria M. Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a newer series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine analogues as potential anti-tubercular agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:240-251. [PMID: 30908967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In-depth study of structure-based drug designing can provide vital leads for the development of novel, clinically active molecules. In this present study, twenty six novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine analogues (6a-6z) were designed using molecular docking studies. The designed molecules were synthesized in good yields. Structural elucidation of the synthesized molecules was carried out using IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity against H37Rv strain by Alamar Blue assay method. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed potent anti-tubercular activities. Amongst all the tested compounds 6p, 6g, 6n and 6h exhibited promising anti-tubercular activity. Further, these potent compounds were gauged for MDR-TB, XDR-TB and cytotoxic study. None of these compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity. Stability of protein ligand complex was further evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation for 10 ns. All these results indicate that the synthesized compounds could be potential leads for further development of new potent anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, 387001 Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 382210 Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India; Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India
| | - Mahesh Chhabria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India.
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34
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7-(aminoalkyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as cathepsin K inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 84:226-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Li CK, Tao ZK, Zhou ZH, Bao XG, Zhou SF, Zou JP. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative sp3-Carbon Radical Cross-Coupling with Trialkylphosphites Leading to α-Phosphonyl 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2351-2357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ze-Kun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shao-Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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36
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Understanding the structural features of JAK2 inhibitors: a combined 3D-QSAR, DFT and molecular dynamics study. Mol Divers 2019; 23:845-874. [PMID: 30617940 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-09913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
JAK2 plays a critical role in JAK/STAT signaling pathway and in patho-mechanism of myeloproliferative disorders and autoimmune diseases. Thus, effective JAK2 inhibitors provide a promising opportunity for the pharmaceutical intervention of many diseases. In this work, 3D-QSAR study was performed on a series of 1-amino-5H-pyrido-indole-4-carboxamide derivatives as JAK2 inhibitors to obtain reliable comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) models with three different alignment methods. Among the different alignment methods, ligand-based (CoMFA: q2 = 0.676, r2 = 0.979; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.700, r2 = 0.953) and pharmacophore-based alignment (CoMFA: q2 = 0.710, r2 = 0.982; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.686, r2 = 0.960) has produced better statistical results when compared to receptor-based alignment (CoMFA: q2 = 0.507, r2 = 0.979; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.544, r2 = 0.917). Statistical parameters indicated that data are well fitted and have high predictive ability. The presence of electrostatic and hydrophobic field is highly desirable for potent inhibitory activity, and the steric field plays a minor role in modulating the activity. The contour analysis indicates ARG980, ASN981, ASP939 and LEU937 have more possibility of interacting with bulky, hydrophobic groups in pyrido and positive and negative groups in pyrazole ring. Based on our findings, we have designed sixteen molecules and predicted its activity and drug-like properties. Subsequently, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and DFT calculations were performed to evaluate its potency.
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37
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Demjén A, Alföldi R, Angyal A, Gyuris M, Hackler L, Szebeni GJ, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. Synthesis, cytotoxic characterization, and SAR study of imidazo[1,2-b
]pyrazole-7-carboxamides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800062. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd.; Szeged Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | | | - Anikó Angyal
- AVIDIN Ltd.; Szeged Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | | | | | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- AVIDIN Ltd.; Szeged Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
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38
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Ha H, Shin C, Bae S, Joo JM. Divergent Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Nitropyrazoles with Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; 46241 Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; 46241 Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Seri Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; 46241 Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; 46241 Busan Republic of Korea
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39
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Peng L, Zhang JZH. Residue-specific free energy analysis in ligand bindings to JAK2. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1442596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
| | - Long Peng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
| | - John Z. H. Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, NY, USA
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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40
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Design, synthesis, and SAR study of highly potent, selective, irreversible covalent JAK3 inhibitors. Mol Divers 2018; 22:343-358. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Karrouchi K, Radi S, Ramli Y, Taoufik J, Mabkhot YN, Al-Aizari FA, Ansar M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010134. [PMID: 29329257 PMCID: PMC6017056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole and its derivatives are considered a pharmacologically important active scaffold that possesses almost all types of pharmacological activities. The presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antipsychotic CDPPB, the anti-obesity drug rimonabant, difenamizole, an analgesic, betazole, a H2-receptor agonist and the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Owing to this diversity in the biological field, this nucleus has attracted the attention of many researchers to study its skeleton chemically and biologically. This review highlights the different synthesis methods and the pharmacological properties of pyrazole derivatives. Studies on the synthesis and biological activity of pyrazole derivatives developed by many scientists around the globe are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Karrouchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
- Physicochemical service, Drugs Quality Control Laboratory, Division of Drugs and Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Smaail Radi
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Youssef Ramli
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jamal Taoufik
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiz A Al-Aizari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M'hammed Ansar
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
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42
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Karrouchi K, Radi S, Ramli Y, Taoufik J, Mabkhot YN, Al-Aizari FA, Ansar M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29329257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole and its derivatives are considered a pharmacologically important active scaffold that possesses almost all types of pharmacological activities. The presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antipsychotic CDPPB, the anti-obesity drug rimonabant, difenamizole, an analgesic, betazole, a H2-receptor agonist and the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Owing to this diversity in the biological field, this nucleus has attracted the attention of many researchers to study its skeleton chemically and biologically. This review highlights the different synthesis methods and the pharmacological properties of pyrazole derivatives. Studies on the synthesis and biological activity of pyrazole derivatives developed by many scientists around the globe are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Karrouchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
- Physicochemical service, Drugs Quality Control Laboratory, Division of Drugs and Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Smaail Radi
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Youssef Ramli
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jamal Taoufik
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiz A Al-Aizari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M'hammed Ansar
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
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43
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Jismy B, Guillaumet G, Allouchi H, Akssira M, Abarbri M. Concise and Efficient Access to 5,7-Disubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines by Pd-Catalyzed Sequential Arylation, Alkynylation and SNArReaction. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Département de Chimie; Université François Rabelais; Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); équipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique; Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca; URAC 22; 28800 Mohammedia Maroc
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; UMR CNRS 7311; BP 6759, rue de Chartres 45067 Orléans Cedex2 France
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- Département de Chimie; Université François Rabelais; Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); équipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique; Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca; URAC 22; 28800 Mohammedia Maroc
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Département de Chimie; Université François Rabelais; Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); équipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
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Yi Z, Aschenaki Y, Daley R, Davick S, Schnaith A, Wander R, Kalyani D. Palladium Catalyzed Arylation and Benzylation of Nitroarenes Using Aryl Sulfonates and Benzyl Acetates. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6946-6957. [PMID: 28617611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed arylation or benzylation of nitroazoles using aryl sulfonates or benzyl acetates is described. Electronically varied aryl tosylates and mesylates, as well as benzyl acetates, afford the arylated and benzylated products. Arylation of nitrobenzene is also reported. The relative rate for the arylation of halides is greater than that of tosylates using the reported reaction parameters. These studies enhance the scope of electrophiles for nitroarene arylations and benzylations, which was hitherto limited to the use of halide electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaoyi Yi
- St. Olaf College , 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Yodit Aschenaki
- St. Olaf College , 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Ryan Daley
- St. Olaf College , 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Stephen Davick
- St. Olaf College , 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Abigail Schnaith
- St. Olaf College , 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Rylee Wander
- St. Olaf College , 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Dipannita Kalyani
- St. Olaf College , 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
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45
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Yoon KB, Cho SY, An SJ, Park KR, Lee HJ, Yoon HS, Lee SM, Kim YC, Han SY. Characterization of the aminopyridine derivative KRC-180 as a JAK2 inhibitor. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1347-1354. [PMID: 28789350 PMCID: PMC5529941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Deregulation of JAK2 signaling has previously been observed in hematologic malignancies, including erythroleukemia. In the present study, an aminopyridine derivative compound, KRC-180, exhibited direct inhibition of the JAK2 protein at the catalytic site, as demonstrated using in vitro kinase activity assays and docking analyses. In addition, KRC-180 reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5, downstream signaling molecules of JAK2. The growth of HEL92.1.7 erythroleukemia cells harboring a constitutively activated form of JAK2 was suppressed by KRC-180 treatment; KRC-180 induced apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest. The results of the present study indicate that KRC-180 is a JAK2 inhibitor with anti-leukemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Bin Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Bio-organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ryang Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sung Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
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46
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Porta F, Gelain A, Barlocco D, Ferri N, Marchianò S, Cappello V, Basile L, Guccione S, Meneghetti F, Villa S. A field-based disparity analysis of new 1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives endowed with antiproliferative activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:820-839. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Porta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Arianna Gelain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Daniela Barlocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Padova; Padua Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Livia Basile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Salvatore Guccione
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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47
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Identification of 4-(2-furanyl)pyrimidin-2-amines as Janus kinase 2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Cherukupalli S, Karpoormath R, Chandrasekaran B, Hampannavar GA, Thapliyal N, Palakollu VN. An insight on synthetic and medicinal aspects of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:298-352. [PMID: 27894044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold is one of the privileged hetrocycles in drug discovery. Its application as a buliding block for developing drug-like candidates has displayed broad range of medicinal properties such as anticancer, CNS agents, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, CRF1 antagonists and radio diagnostics. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have acquired greater attention amid medicinal chemists, and many of the lead compounds were derived for various disease targets. However, there is plenty of room for the medicinal chemists to further exploit this privileged scaffold in developing potential drug candidates. The present review briefly outlines relevant synthetic strategies employed for pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. It also extensively reveals significant biological properties along with SAR studies. To the best of our understanding current review is the first attempt made towards the compilation of significant advances made on pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines reported since 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Neeta Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Venkata Narayana Palakollu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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49
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The therapeutic voyage of pyrazole and its analogs: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:170-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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50
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Michl C, Vivarelli F, Weigl J, De Nicola GR, Canistro D, Paolini M, Iori R, Rascle A. The Chemopreventive Phytochemical Moringin Isolated from Moringa oleifera Seeds Inhibits JAK/STAT Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157430. [PMID: 27304884 PMCID: PMC4909285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) and moringin (GMG-ITC) are edible isothiocyanates present as glucosinolate precursors in cruciferous vegetables and in the plant Moringa oleifera respectively, and recognized for their chemopreventive and medicinal properties. In contrast to the well-studied SFN, little is known about the molecular pathways targeted by GMG-ITC. We investigated the ability of GMG-ITC to inhibit essential signaling pathways that are frequently upregulated in cancer and immune disorders, such as JAK/STAT and NF-κB. We report for the first time that, similarly to SFN, GMG-ITC in the nanomolar range suppresses IL-3-induced expression of STAT5 target genes. GMG-ITC, like SFN, does not inhibit STAT5 phosphorylation, suggesting a downstream inhibitory event. Interestingly, treatment with GMG-ITC or SFN had a limited inhibitory effect on IFNα-induced STAT1 and STAT2 activity, indicating that both isothiocyanates differentially target JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Furthermore, we showed that GMG-ITC in the micromolar range is a more potent inhibitor of TNF-induced NF-κB activity than SFN. Finally, using a cellular system mimicking constitutive active STAT5-induced cell transformation, we demonstrated that SFN can reverse the survival and growth advantage mediated by oncogenic STAT5 and triggers cell death, therefore providing experimental evidence of a cancer chemopreventive activity of SFN. This work thus identified STAT5, and to a lesser extent STAT1/STAT2, as novel targets of moringin. It also contributes to a better understanding of the biological activities of the dietary isothiocyanates GMG-ITC and SFN and further supports their apparent beneficial role in the prevention of chronic illnesses such as cancer, inflammatory diseases and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Michl
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Molecular toxicology unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julia Weigl
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CREA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Molecular toxicology unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Molecular toxicology unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CREA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne Rascle
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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