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Szánti-Pintér E, Jirkalová L, Pohl R, Bednárová L, Kudova E. Stereoselective Reduction of Steroidal 4-Ene-3-ketones in the Presence of Biomass-Derived Ionic Liquids Leading to Biologically Important 5β-Steroids. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7043-7052. [PMID: 38371788 PMCID: PMC10870401 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The stereoselective reduction of the steroidal 4-ene-3-ketone moiety (enone) affords the 5β-steroid backbone that is a key structural element of biologically important neuroactive steroids. Neurosteroids have been currently studied as novel and potent central nervous system drug-like compounds for the treatment of, e.g., postpartum depression. As a green methodology, we studied the palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation of steroidal 4-ene-3-ketones in the presence of ionic liquids derived from natural carboxylic acids. The hydrogenation proceeds with improved 5β-selectivity in the presence of tetrabutylammonium carboxylates as additives compared to the exclusive use of an organic solvent. Under optimal conditions, using tetrabutylammonium d-mandelate, the reduction of testosterone led to 5β-dihydrotestosterone in high yield and stereoselectivity and no byproduct formation was observed. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled. The presence of additional substituents on the steroid backbone showed a significant effect on the 5β-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szánti-Pintér
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Lada Jirkalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
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2
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Rathi K, Shukla M, Hassam M, Shrivastava R, Rawat V, Prakash Verma V. Recent advances in the synthesis and antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107043. [PMID: 38134523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of various malarial parasite strains to drugs has made the production of a new, rapid-acting, and efficient antimalarial drug more necessary, as the demand for such drugs is growing rapidly. As a major global health concern, various methods have been implemented to address the problem of drug resistance, including the hybrid drug concept, combination therapy, the development of analogues of existing medicines, and the use of drug resistance reversal agents. Artemisinin and its derivatives are currently used against multidrug- resistant P. falciparum species. However, due to its natural origin, its use has been limited by its scarcity in natural resources. As a result, finding a substitute becomes more crucial, and the peroxide group in artemisinin, responsible for the drugs biological action in the form of 1,2,4-trioxane, may hold the key to resolving this issue. The literature suggests that 1,2,4-trioxanes have the potential to become an alternative to current malaria drugs, as highlighted in this review. This is why 1,2,4-trioxanes and their derivatives have been synthesized on a large scale worldwide, as they have shown promising antimalarial activity in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium species. Consequently, the search for a more convenient, environment friendly, sustainable, efficient, and effective synthetic pathway for the synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes continues. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and mechanism of action of 1,2,4-trioxanes. This systematic review highlights the most recent summaries of derivatives of 1,2,4-trioxane compounds and dimers with potential antimalarial activity from January 1988 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur (Rajasthan), VPO- Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan 30300, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Dong Z, Tong RJ, Xu L, Xu HJ, Xu J. Palladium-catalyzed regioselective decarboxylative hydroarylation of alkynyl carboxylic acids with arylboronic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4220-4224. [PMID: 37161505 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00454f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of (deuterated) 1,1-disubstituted alkenes via Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative hydroarylation of alkynyl carboxylic acids with arylboronic acids has been developed. The reaction features excellent regioselectivity, a broad substrate scope and gram-scale synthetic ability and offers a general synthetic method to synthesize 1,1-dideuterio olefins. Preliminary mechanism investigations indicate that 1,1-disubstituted alkenes are formed by hydroarylation of terminal alkynes generated by in situ decarboxylation of alkynyl carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Ren-Jie Tong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China.
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5
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Hydroarylation of terminal alkynes with arylboronic acids catalyzed by low loadings of palladium. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Fang J, Song F, Wang F. The antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane hybrids and dimers: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200077. [PMID: 35388499 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, a mosquito-borne parasitic infection caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a dangerous disease that contributes to millions of hospital visits and hundreds and thousands of deaths across the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Antimalarial agents are vital for treating malaria and controlling transmission, and 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane-containing agents, especially artemisinin and its derivatives, own antimalarial efficacy and low toxicity with unique mechanisms of action. Moreover, artemisinin-based combination therapies were recommended by the World Health Organization as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria infection and have remained as the mainstay of the treatment of malaria, demonstrating that 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane derivatives are useful prototypes for the control and eradication of malaria. However, malaria parasites have already developed resistance to almost all of the currently available antimalarial agents, creating an urgent need for the search of novel pharmaceutical interventions for malaria. The purpose of this review article is to provide an emphasis on the current scenario (January 2012 to January 2022) of 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane hybrids and dimers with potential antimalarial activity and the structure-activity relationships are also discussed to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junman Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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7
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Hassam M, Singh AS, Yadav DK, Singh C, Puri SK, Verma VP. Reduction of the Double Bond of 6-Arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes Leads to a Remarkable Increase in Their Antimalarial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss Mice Model. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30790-30799. [PMID: 34805707 PMCID: PMC8600630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel 6-arylethyl-1,2,4-trioxanes6a-i and 7a-i are easily accessible in one step from the diimide reduction of 6-arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes 5a-i. All of these new trioxanes were assessed for their oral antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss mice model. Most of the saturated trioxanes 6c, 6f, 6g, 6h, and 6i, the active compounds of the series, provided 100% protection to the malaria-infected mice at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days. Further, trioxane 6i, the most active compound of the series, also showed 100% protection even at a dose of 12 mg/kg × 4 days and 20% protection at a dose of 6 mg/kg × 4 days. In this model, β-arteether provided 100% protection at a dose of 48 mg/kg × 4 days and only 20% protection at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days via the oral route, which was found to exhibit 4-fold antimalarial activity compared with the currently used drug β-arteether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Parasitology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
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8
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Bordier C, Escande V, Darcel C. Past and current routes to β-hydroperoxy alcohols: A functional group with high potential in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Patel OPS, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Exploration of artemisinin derivatives and synthetic peroxides in antimalarial drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113193. [PMID: 33508479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by protozoal parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. It caused an estimated 405,000 deaths and 228 million malaria cases globally in 2018 as per the World Malaria Report released by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. Artemisinin (ART), a "Nobel medicine" and its derivatives have proven potential application in antimalarial drug discovery programs. In this review, antimalarial activity of the most active artemisinin derivatives modified at C-10/C-11/C-16/C-6 positions and synthetic peroxides (endoperoxides, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes) are systematically summarized. The developmental trend of ART derivatives, and cyclic peroxides along with their antimalarial activity and how the activity is affected by structural variations on different sites of the compounds are discussed. This compilation would be very useful towards scaffold hopping aimed at avoiding the unnecessary complexity in cyclic peroxides, and ultimately act as a handy resource for the development of potential chemotherapeutics against Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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10
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Adak T, Hoffmann M, Witzel S, Rudolph M, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Visible Light-Enabled sp 3 -C-H Functionalization with Chloro- and Bromoalkynes: Chemoselective Route to Vinylchlorides or Alkynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15573-15580. [PMID: 32472581 PMCID: PMC7756539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented direct atom-economic chemo- and regioselective hydroalkylation of chloroalkynes and an sp3 -C-H alkynylation of bromoalkynes was achieved. The reaction partners are unfunctionalized ethers, alcohols, amides, and even non-activated hydrocarbons. We found that a household fluorescent bulb was able to excite a diaryl ketone, which then selectively abstracts a H-atom from an sp3 -C-H bond. The product of a formal alkyne insertion into the sp3 -C-H bond was obtained with chloroalkynes, providing valuable vinyl chlorides. The photo-organocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer strategy gives rise to a broad range of diversely functionalized olefins. When bromoalkynes are applied in the presence of a base, a chemoselectivity switch to an alkynylation is observed. This reaction can even be performed for the alkynylation of unactivated sp3 -C-H bonds, in this case with a preference of the more substituted carbon. Accompanying quantum chemical calculations indicate a vinyl radical intermediate with pronounced linear coordination of the carbon radical center, thus enabling the formation of both diastereoisomers after H-atom abstraction, suggesting that the (Z)-diastereoisomer is preferred, which supports the experimentally observed (E/Z)-distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sina Witzel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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11
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Zheng Y, Dai P, Gao D, Hong K, Kou L, Dong S, Hu J, Qiu L, Hu W, Bao X, Xu X. Desaturation via Redox-Neutral Hydrogen Transfer Process: Synthesis of 2-Allyl Anilines, Mechanism and Applications. iScience 2020; 23:101168. [PMID: 32480129 PMCID: PMC7262561 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented desaturation method via redox-neutral hydrogen transfer process has been disclosed under mild conditions for the selective formation of terminal alkene with alkyl diazo compounds and aza-o-QMs. The control experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the visible light was introduced as a key parameter to enhance the reactivity via a radical process in the formation of closed-shell cyclopropane intermediate, followed by a ring opening and redox-neutral hydrogen transfer process to give the desaturated product. The high regioselectivity in this transformation is enabled by the internal amino species as an ancillary group (AG) in the final olefin formation step. This method provides a missing link in the expeditious preparation of synthetically useful 2-allyl anilines with broad substrate generality. Further applications of these generated products in N-heterocycle construction, including 5- and 6-membered rings with structural diversity, have been tactfully explored, which highlight the potential in methodology development and drug discovery. Highly site and regioselective synthesis enabled by ancillary group Desaturation via redox-neutral inert hydrogen transfer process Missing link in the synthesis of 2-allyl anilines with board substrate scope Methodology development and diversity synthesis based on 2-allyl anilines
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dafang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyao Kou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shanliang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jundie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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12
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Spencer ARA, Korde R, Font M, Larrosa I. meta-Selective olefination of fluoroarenes with alkynes using CO 2 as a traceless directing group. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4204-4208. [PMID: 34122883 PMCID: PMC8152615 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades C-H olefination has received significant interest, due to the importance and usefulness of aryl olefins both as synthetic targets and intermediates. While a wide range of ortho-olefination protocols have been developed, only a small number of meta-olefinations are currently available. Importantly, the most common approach to meta-olefination, using a large meta-directing template, is not suitable for substrates such as fluorobenzenes, which cannot be derivatised. We report that the meta-selective olefination of fluoroarenes can be achieved via the use of CO2 as a traceless directing group, which can be easily installed and removed in a one-pot process. Furthermore, this approach avoids the use of stoichiometric Ag(i)-salts, commonly used in C-H olefinations, and affords complete meta- over ortho/para-regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R A Spencer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Rishi Korde
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marc Font
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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13
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Arwati H, Hapsari WT, Wardhani KA, Aini KN, Bahalwan RR, Wardhani P, Sandhika W. Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice. Vet World 2020; 13:515-520. [PMID: 32367958 PMCID: PMC7183454 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.515-520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of goat bile in BALB/c mice since some Indonesian people consume raw goat gallbladder to treat malaria and increase stamina. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity test was done in six groups of BALB/c mice using 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.75% of goat bile and negative control. The death of mice was observed within 14 days. In the subacute toxicity test, the body weight and hematology parameters on day 0 and day 4 post-treatment were evaluated. The mice were closely observed for 28 days before plasma collection for the blood biochemistry evaluation. Results: Mild diarrhea was observed in acute and subacute toxicity tests. No death of mice was observed in acute test. Goat bile did not inhibit the increase of the body weight of mice. A slight reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in mice treated with 25% and 50% goat bile, however, remained normal in mice treated with 100% goat bile. The red and white blood cell count were not affected. Liver and kidney functions were not affected by goat bile treatment as revealed by the plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, which remained in the normal range. Conclusion: Goat bile treatment in BALB/c mice caused mild toxicity in mice. Hydrophobic bile acids may cause the toxicity of goat bile in mice; therefore, it is recommended that goat bile consumption not to be taken oftenly to avoid its harmful effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heny Arwati
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Kartika A Wardhani
- Master Program of Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kholida N Aini
- Master Program of Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ramadhani R Bahalwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Puspa Wardhani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Willy Sandhika
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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14
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Narula AK, Azad CS, Nainwal LM. New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Adak T, Schulmeister J, Dietl MC, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Highly Chemo- and Regioselective C-H Bond Functionalization of Phenols with Haloalkynes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürgen Schulmeister
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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16
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Wang X, Wang Z, Asanuma Y, Nishihara Y. Synthesis of 2-Substituted Propenes by Bidentate Phosphine-Assisted Methylenation of Acyl Fluorides and Acyl Chlorides with AlMe3. Org Lett 2019; 21:3640-3643. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuya Asanuma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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17
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Zhang M, Han Y, Niu JL, Zhang ZH. A General and Practical Approach for the Synthesis of 1,2,4-Trioxanes Catalyzed by Silica-Ferric Chloride. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Liang Niu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Hui Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
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18
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new artemisinin hybrid molecules against human leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3357-3367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Lei C, Yip YJ, Zhou JS. Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Aryl Olefins from Ketones and Organoboron Reagents under Neutral Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6086-6089. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhu Lei
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-03, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong Jie Yip
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-03, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-03, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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20
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Tang J, Hackenberger D, Goossen LJ. Verzweigte Arylalkene aus Zimtsäuren: Selektivitätsumkehr in Heck-Reaktionen durch Carboxylate als abfallende dirigierende Gruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Dagmar Hackenberger
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Lukas J. Goossen
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
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21
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Tang J, Hackenberger D, Goossen LJ. Branched Arylalkenes from Cinnamates: Selectivity Inversion in Heck Reactions by Carboxylates as Deciduous Directing Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11296-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Dagmar Hackenberger
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Lukas J. Goossen
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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22
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Arzumanyan AV, Terent’ev AO, Novikov RA, Lakhtin VG, Grigoriev MS, Nikishin GI. Reduction of Organosilicon Peroxides: Ring Contraction and Cyclodimerization. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashot V. Arzumanyan
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- A.
N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova ul, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent’ev
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin G. Lakhtin
- State Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds, 38 Shosse
Entuziastov, 111123 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michail S. Grigoriev
- A.
N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Radiochemistry
Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, 40 Obruchev st., 117342 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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23
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Conyers RC, Mazzone JR, Tripathi AK, Sullivan DJ, Posner GH. Antimalarial chemotherapy: orally curative artemisinin-derived trioxane dimer esters. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:245-8. [PMID: 25481079 PMCID: PMC4277730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eight new artemisinin-derived trioxane dimer esters 5 have been prepared and tested for antimalarial efficacy in malaria-infected mice. At a single oral dose of only 6mg/kg combined with 18mg/kg of mefloquine, each of the dimer esters 5 outperformed the antimalarial drug artemether (2). The most efficacious dimer, dichlorobenzoate ester 5h, prolonged mouse survival past day 30 of infection with three of the four mice in this group having no detectable parasitemia and appearing and acting healthy on day 30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Conyers
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jennifer R Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Abhai K Tripathi
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - David J Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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24
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Tang J, Gooßen LJ. Arylalkene Synthesis via Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Alkenyl Halides. Org Lett 2014; 16:2664-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500876x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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25
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Arzumanyan AV, Novikov RA, Terent’ev AO, Platonov MM, Lakhtin VG, Arkhipov DE, Korlyukov AA, Chernyshev VV, Fitch AN, Zdvizhkov AT, Krylov IB, Tomilov YV, Nikishin GI. Nature Chooses Rings: Synthesis of Silicon-Containing Macrocyclic Peroxides. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500095x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashot V. Arzumanyan
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim M. Platonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin G. Lakhtin
- State Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds, 38 shosse Entuziastov, Moscow 111123 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry E. Arkhipov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov
Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova ul, Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov
Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova ul, Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Chernyshev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky
prospect, Moscow 119071 Russian Federation
| | - Andrew N. Fitch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P.
220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Alexander T. Zdvizhkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor B. Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V. Tomilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky
prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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26
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Mott BT, Tripathi A, Siegler MA, Moore CD, Sullivan DJ, Posner GH. Synthesis and antimalarial efficacy of two-carbon-linked, artemisinin-derived trioxane dimers in combination with known antimalarial drugs. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2630-41. [PMID: 23425037 DOI: 10.1021/jm400058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be a difficult disease to eradicate largely because of the widespread populations it affects and the resistance that malaria parasites have developed against once very potent therapies. The natural product artemisinin has been a boon for antimalarial chemotherapy, as artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) has become the first line of chemotherapy. Because the threat of resistance is always on the horizon, it is imperative to continually identify new treatments, comprising both advanced analogues of all antimalarial drugs, especially artemisinin, and the exploration of novel combinations, ideally with distinct mechanisms of action. Here we report for the first time the synthesis of a series of two-carbon-linked artemisinin-derived dimers, their unique structural features, and demonstration of their antimalarial efficacy via single oral dose administration in two 60-day survival studies of Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Several of the new endoperoxide chemical entities consistently demonstrated excellent antimalarial efficacy, and combinations with two non-peroxide antimalarial drugs have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Mott
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
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