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Dean TT, Jelú-Reyes J, Allen AC, Moore TW. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: An Emerging Direction for the Next Generation of Peptide Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1641-1661. [PMID: 38277480 PMCID: PMC10922862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Building on recent advances in peptide science, medicinal chemists have developed a hybrid class of bioconjugates, called peptide-drug conjugates, that demonstrate improved efficacy compared to peptides and small molecules independently. In this Perspective, we discuss how the conjugation of synergistic peptides and small molecules can be used to overcome complex disease states and resistance mechanisms that have eluded contemporary therapies because of their multi-component activity. We highlight how peptide-drug conjugates display a multi-factor therapeutic mechanism similar to that of antibody-drug conjugates but also demonstrate improved therapeutic properties such as less-severe off-target effects and conjugation strategies with greater site-specificity. The many considerations that go into peptide-drug conjugate design and optimization, such as peptide/small-molecule pairing and chemo-selective chemistries, are discussed. We also examine several peptide-drug conjugate series that demonstrate notable activity toward complex disease states such as neurodegenerative disorders and inflammation, as well as viral and bacterial targets with established resistance mechanisms.
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2
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Khusnutdinova EF, Petrova AV, Kazakova OB. Antiviral potency of lupane and oleanane alkynyl-derivatives against human cytomegalovirus and papillomavirus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:50-56. [PMID: 37935823 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A library of 18 structurally diverse semisynthetic lupane, oleanane, and ursane types triterpenoids, including C19- or C28-(1,2,3-triazolyl)- and aminomethylated derivatives obtained by the «click» reaction with various aromatic and sugar azides or by Mannich reaction with secondary amines, were tested for antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, and HPV-11 types. C28-Triazolyl-derivative with a benzyl substituent of 2,3-indolo-oleanolic acid was the most active against the HCMV virus with EC50 < 0.05 (SI > 81). Lupane 3,28-diacetoxy-triazolyl derivatives with phenyl- and fluorophenyl-fragments possess the highest activity among all screened compounds toward HPV-11 type virus with EC50 values of 2.97 µM and 1.20 μM, SI90 values of 28 and >125, respectively. One can see that modification of triterpenic alkynes to Mannich bases was more efficient in increasing an activity against HSV-1 than their conversion to triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira F Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasiya V Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana B Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
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3
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Wimmerová M, Bildziukevich U, Wimmer Z. Selected Plant Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives as Antiviral Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:7718. [PMID: 38067449 PMCID: PMC10707653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of the most recent investigation of triterpenoid-based antiviral agents namely in the HIV-1 and HSV-1 treatment were reviewed and summarized. Several key historical achievements are included to stress consequences and continuity in this research. Most of the agents studied belong to a series of compounds derived from betulin or betulinic acid, and their synthetic derivative is called bevirimat. A termination of clinical trials of bevirimat in Phase IIb initiated a search for more successful compounds partly derived from bevirimat or designed independently of bevirimat structure. Surprisingly, a majority of bevirimat mimics are derivatives of betulinic acid, while other plant triterpenoids, such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, or other miscellaneous triterpenoids, are relatively rarely involved in a search for a novel antiviral agent. Therefore, this review article is divided into three parts based on the leading triterpenoid core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Wimmerová
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Uladzimir Bildziukevich
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
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4
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Zuo J, Meng T, Wang Y, Tang W. A Review of the Antiviral Activities of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoglucuronide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050641. [PMID: 37242424 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice, a natural medicine derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species, possesses a wide range of therapeutic applications, including antiviral properties. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are the most important active ingredients in licorice. Glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is the active metabolite of GL. GL and its metabolites have a wide range of antiviral activities against viruses, such as, the hepatitis virus, herpes virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and so on. Although their antiviral activity has been widely reported, the specific mechanism of action involving multiple links such as the virus itself, cells, and immunity are not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on the role of GL and its metabolites as antiviral agents, and detail relevant evidence on the potential use and mechanisms of actions. Analyzing antivirals, their signaling, and the impacts of tissue and autoimmune protection may provide promising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Wenjian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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5
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Mostashari-Rad T, Claes S, Schols D, Shirvani P, Fassihi A. New 2-alkylthio-1-benzylimidazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives targeting gp41: design, synthesis and in vitro anti-HIV activity evaluation. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:CHR-EPUB-124859. [PMID: 35770403 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x20666220628154901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Although current available medications have increased the quality of life in HIV-infected patients, there are still some shortcomings in HIV treatment arising from viral resistance, drug side effects and high cost of medication. Therefore, there is an urgent need for some suitable HIV inhibitors with different mechanisms of action. Gp41, located on the HIV cell surface, plays an important role in the fusion of viral and host cell membranes. With the same structure in different HIV strains, gp41 seems to be a promising target for developing novel HIV fusion inhibitors. Objective Based on the essential structural elements of gp41 inhibitors, two series of compounds were prepared and their inhibitory effect on HIV cell growth was investigated. Compared to the known small-molecule gp41 inhibitors, 2-Alkylthio-1-benzylimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (series I) and (E)-4-{[5-(((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxyimino)methyl)-2-(alkylthio)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl}benzoic acid derivatives (series II) had more flexible skeleton with extra moieties interacting with the gp41 key residues. Method In silico drug design approaches including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to design these novel compounds prior to preparation. The designed compounds exhibited proper chemical interactions and stable complexes with gp41. Then, the selected candidates were efficiently synthesized, and their anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 activities, as well as their cellular cytotoxicity in MT-4 cells were determined. Results None of the compounds belonging to the series I were active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication in cell cultures, and most of the compounds in series II exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MT-4 cells in low micro molar concentrations. Conclusion The smaller molecular structures of the compounds in series I might be responsible for their poor anti-HIV effects. The high toxicity of the series II compounds on the host cell makes it impossible to assess their anti-HIV activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mostashari-Rad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sandra Claes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pouria Shirvani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Li S, Jia X, Li H, Ye Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Guo G, Liu S, Song G. Structure-aided optimization of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl epiursolic acid derivatives as novel H5N1 virus entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127518. [PMID: 32882419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to develop new antiviral agents due to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains of influenza virus. Our earlier studies have identified that certain pentacyclic triterpene saponins with 3-O-β-chacotriosyl residue are novel H5N1 virus entry inhibitors. In the present study, a series of C-28 modified 3-O-β-chacotriosyl epiursolic acid derivatives via conjugation with different kinds of sides were synthesized, of which anti-H5N1 activities in A549 cells were evaluated in vitro. Among them, 10 exhibited strongest anti-H5N1 potency at the low-micromole level without cytotoxicity, surpassing the potency of ribavirin. Further mechanism studies of the lead compound 10 based on HI, SPR and molecular modeling revealed that these new 3-epiursolic acid saponins could bind tightly to the viral envelope HA protein, thus blocking the invasion of H5N1 viruses into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiuhua Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yilu Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuesha Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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7
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Kobayakawa T, Ebihara K, Tsuji K, Kawada T, Fujino M, Honda Y, Ohashi N, Murakami T, Tamamura H. Bivalent HIV-1 fusion inhibitors based on peptidomimetics. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115812. [PMID: 33157478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is a valid target for inhibition of HIV-1 replication. A 34-mer fragment peptide (C34), which is contained in the HIV-1 envelope protein gp41, has significant anti-HIV activity. Previously, a dimeric derivative of C34 linked by a disulfide bridge at its C-terminus was found to have more potent anti-HIV activity than the C34 peptide monomer. To date, several peptidomimetic small inhibitors have been reported, but most have lower potency than peptide derivatives related to C34. In the present study we applied this dimerization concept to these peptidomimetic small inhibitors and designed several bivalent peptidomimetic HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. The importance of the length of linkers crosslinking two peptidomimetic compounds was demonstrated and several potent bivalent inhibitors containing tethered peptidomimetics were produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kento Ebihara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yuzuna Honda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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8
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Feng LS, Zheng MJ, Zhao F, Liu D. 1,2,3-Triazole hybrids with anti-HIV-1 activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000163. [PMID: 32960467 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the major etiological agent responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a serious infectious disease and remains one of the most prevalent problems at present. Currently, combined antiretroviral therapy is the primary modality for the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS, but the long-term use can result in major drawbacks such as the development of multidrug-resistant viruses and multiple side effects. 1,2,3-Triazole is the common framework in the development of new drugs, and its derivatives have the potential to inhibit various HIV-1 enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease, consequently possessing a potential anti-HIV-1 activity. This review covers the recent advances regarding the 1,2,3-triazole hybrids with potential anti-HIV-1 activity; it focuses on the chemical structures, structure-activity relationship, and mechanisms of action, covering articles published from 2010 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Duan Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
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9
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Wu HF, Morris-Natschke SL, Xu XD, Yang MH, Cheng YY, Yu SS, Lee KH. Recent advances in natural anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2339-2385. [PMID: 32666531 DOI: 10.1002/med.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the world's most serious health challenges. Although combination antiretroviral therapy provides effective viral suppression, current medicines used against HIV cannot completely eradicate the infectious disease and often have associated toxicities and severe side effects in addition to causing drug resistance. Therefore, the continued development of new antiviral agents with diverse structures and novel mechanisms of action remains a vital need for the management of HIV/AIDS. Natural products are an important source of drug discovery, and certain triterpenes and their analogs have demonstrated potential as pharmaceutical precursors for the treatment of HIV. Over the past decade, natural triterpenoids and analogs have been extensively studied to find new anti-HIV drugs. This review discusses the anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs reported during the period of 2009-2019. The article includes not only a comprehensive review of the recent anti-HIV agent development from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, but also discusses structure-activity relationship analyses of the described triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Wu
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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An Oleanolic Acid Derivative Inhibits Hemagglutinin-Mediated Entry of Influenza A Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020225. [PMID: 32085430 PMCID: PMC7077228 DOI: 10.3390/v12020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) have been a major public health threat worldwide, and options for antiviral therapy become increasingly limited with the emergence of drug-resisting virus strains. New and effective anti-IAV drugs, especially for highly pathogenic influenza, with different modes of action, are urgently needed. The influenza virus glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) plays critical roles in the early stage of virus infection, including receptor binding and membrane fusion, making it a potential target for the development of anti-influenza drugs. In this study, we show that OA-10, a newly synthesized triterpene out of 11 oleanane-type derivatives, exhibited significant antiviral activity against four different subtypes of IAV (H1N1, H5N1, H9N2 and H3N2) replications in A549 cell cultures with EC50 ranging from 6.7 to 19.6 μM and a negligible cytotoxicity (CC50 > 640 μM). It inhibited acid-induced hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 26 µM, and had a weak inhibition on the adsorption of H5 HA to chicken erythrocytes at higher concentrations (≥40 µM). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis showed that OA-10 interacted with HA in a dose-dependent manner with the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) of the interaction of 2.98 × 10-12 M. Computer-aided molecular docking analysis suggested that OA-10 might bind to the cavity in HA stem region which is known to undergo significant rearrangement during membrane fusion. Our results demonstrate that OA-10 inhibits H5N1 IAV replication mainly by blocking the conformational changes of HA2 subunit required for virus fusion with endosomal membrane. These findings suggest that OA-10 could serve as a lead for further development of novel virus entry inhibitors to prevent and treat IAV infections.
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11
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Meng G, Pu J, Li Y, Han A, Tian Y, Xu W, Zhang T, Li X, Lu L, Wang C, Jiang S, Liu K. Design and Biological Evaluation of m-Xylene Thioether-Stapled Short Helical Peptides Targeting the HIV-1 gp41 Hexameric Coiled-Coil Fusion Complex. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8773-8783. [PMID: 31513410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Short peptide-based inhibition of fusion remains an attractive goal in antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) research based on its potential for the development of technically and economically desirable antiviral agents. Herein, we report the use of the dithiol bisalkylation reaction to generate a series of m-xylene thioether-stapled 22-residue α-helical peptides that have been identified as fusion inhibitors targeting HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 (gp41). The peptide sequence is based on the helix-zone binding domain of the gp41 C-terminal heptad repeat region. We found that one of these stapled peptides, named hCS6ERE, showed promising inhibitory potency against HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral replication at a level comparable to the clinically used 36-mer peptide T20. Furthermore, combining hCS6ERE with a fusion inhibitor having a different target site, such as HP23, produced synergistic anti-HIV-1 activity. Collectively, our study offers new insight into the design of anti-HIV peptides with short sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Jing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Aixin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Yangli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , 310 East 67th Street , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Keliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
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12
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Wang C, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Chong H, Xing H, Jiang S, Li X, Ma L. Long-Acting HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitory Peptides and their Mechanisms of Action. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090811. [PMID: 31480738 PMCID: PMC6784077 DOI: 10.3390/v11090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of HIV fusion inhibitor, enfuvirtide (T20), was limited mainly because of its short half-life. Here we designed and synthesized two PEGylated C34 peptides, PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34, with the PEG chain length of 2 and 5 kDa, respectively, and evaluated their anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanisms of action. We found that these two PEGylated peptides could bind to the HIV-1 peptide N36 to form high affinity complexes with high α-helicity. The peptides PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34 effectively inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion with an effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50) of about 36 nM. They also inhibited infection of the laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain NL4-3 with EC50 of about 4-5 nM, and against 47 HIV-1 clinical isolates circulating in China with mean EC50 of PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34 of about 26 nM and 32 nM, respectively. The plasma half-life (t1/2) of PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34 was 2.6 h and 5.1 h, respectively, and the t1/2 of PEGylated C34 was about 2.4-fold and 4.6-fold longer than C34 (~1.1 h), respectively. These findings suggest that PEGylated C34 with broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity and prolonged half-life can be further developed as a peptide fusion inhibitor-based long-acting anti-HIV drug for clinical use to treat HIV-infected patients who have failed to respond to current anti-retrovirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuihong Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yibo Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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13
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Sun ZG, Zhao TT, Lu N, Yang YA, Zhu HL. Research Progress of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Antiviral Activity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:826-832. [PMID: 30659537 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190119111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a triterpene isolated from the roots and rhizomes of licorice, named Glycyrrhiza glabra, is the principal bioactive ingredient of anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. GA has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatitis, bronchitis, gastric ulcer, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), certain cancers and skin diseases. It has a direct effect on anti-HBV (hepatitis B virus) via affecting the HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) to extracellular secretion, improving liver dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis B, and ultimately improving the immune status of HBV. GA can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HIV, showing an immune activation. The clinical application of GA on the prevention and treatments of various diseases may derive from its numerous pharmacological properties. This review provides the summary of the antiviral effects of GA on research progress and mechanism in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Na Lu
- Linyi Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, No. 309 Yizhou Road, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- Elion Nature Bio Tech Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Kobayakawa T, Ebihara K, Honda Y, Fujino M, Nomura W, Yamamoto N, Murakami T, Tamamura H. Dimeric C34 Derivatives Linked through Disulfide Bridges as New HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitors. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2101-2108. [PMID: 31012222 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
C34, a 34-mer fragment peptide, is contained in the HIV-1 envelope protein gp41. A dimeric derivative of C34 linked through a disulfide bridge at its C terminus was synthesized and found to display potent anti-HIV activity, comparable with that of a previously reported PEGylated dimer of C34REG. The reduction in the size of the linker moiety for dimerization was thus successful, and this result might shed some light on the mechanism of the suppression of six-helix bundle formation by these C34 dimeric derivatives. Addition of a Gly-Cys(CH2 CONH2 )-Gly-Gly motif at the N-terminal position of a C34 monomeric derivative significantly increased the anti-HIV-1 activity. This moiety functions as a new pharmacophore, and this might provide a useful insight into the design of potent HIV-1 fusion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kento Ebihara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuzuna Honda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
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15
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Jiang X, Hao X, Jing L, Wu G, Kang D, Liu X, Zhan P. Recent applications of click chemistry in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:779-789. [PMID: 31094231 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1614910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Click chemistry has been exploited widely in the past to expedite lead discovery and optimization. Indeed, Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry is a bioorthogonal reaction of widespread utility throughout medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Areas covered: The authors review recent applications of CuAAC click chemistry to drug discovery based on the literature published since 2013. Furthermore, the authors provide the reader with their expert perspectives on the area including their outlook on future developments. Expert opinion: Click chemistry reactions are an important part of the medicinal chemistry toolbox and offer substantial advantages to medicinal chemists in terms of overcoming the limitations of useful chemical synthesis, increasing throughput, and improving the quality of compound libraries. To explore new chemical spaces for drug-like molecules containing a high degree of structural diversity, it may be useful to merge the diversity-oriented synthesis and 'privileged' substructure-based strategy with bioorthogonal reactions using sophisticated automation and flow systems to improve productivity. Large compound libraries obtained in this way should be of great value for the discovery of bioactive compounds and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Jiang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Xia Hao
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Lanlan Jing
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
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16
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Csuk R, Deigner HP. The potential of click reactions for the synthesis of bioactive triterpenes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:949-958. [PMID: 30799214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Click reactions between alkynes and azides using the privileged scaffold of triterpenes have been of interest for biological chemistry. Many publications deal with the synthesis of novel bioactive molecules; these conjugates have also been used for bioanalytical and diagnostic purposes. As a result, conjugates of better physicochemical properties were obtained; even compounds of improved solubility in water and physiological fluids were made through the introduction of a triazol residue. "Hybrid-structures", i.e. molecules consisting of two independently bioactive subunits linked by a triazole residue were higher bioactive than their parent compounds but not as active as expected, and with a few exceptions the ultimate breakthrough has not yet been achieved. Only in the synthesis of compounds with anti-leishmanial activity some new and promising lead structures were found. As a consequence, triazole modified triterpenes seem to hold their greatest future prospect rather as diagnostic reagents and molecular probes than as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Jakob-Kienzle Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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17
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Sousa JLC, Freire CSR, Silvestre AJD, Silva AMS. Recent Developments in the Functionalization of Betulinic Acid and Its Natural Analogues: A Route to New Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020355. [PMID: 30669472 PMCID: PMC6359067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) and its natural analogues betulin (BN), betulonic (BoA), and 23-hydroxybetulinic (HBA) acids are lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids. They are present in many plants and display important biological activities. This review focuses on the chemical transformations used to functionalize BA/BN/BoA/HBA in order to obtain new derivatives with improved biological activity, covering the period since 2013 to 2018. It is divided by the main chemical transformations reported in the literature, including amination, esterification, alkylation, sulfonation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, hydroxylation, and aldol condensation reactions. In addition, the synthesis of heterocycle-fused BA/HBA derivatives and polymer‒BA conjugates are also addressed. The new derivatives are mainly used as antitumor agents, but there are other biological applications such as antimalarial activity, drug delivery, bioimaging, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L C Sousa
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Wang C, Zhao L, Xia S, Zhang T, Cao R, Liang G, Li Y, Meng G, Wang W, Shi W, Zhong W, Jiang S, Liu K. De Novo Design of α-Helical Lipopeptides Targeting Viral Fusion Proteins: A Promising Strategy for Relatively Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8734-8745. [PMID: 30192544 PMCID: PMC7075651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Class I enveloped viruses share similarities in their apparent use of a hexameric coiled-coil assembly to drive the merging of virus and host cell membranes. Inhibition of coiled coil-mediated interactions using bioactive peptides that replicate an α-helical chain from the viral fusion machinery has significant antiviral potential. Here, we present the construction of a series of lipopeptides composed of a de novo heptad repeat sequence-based α-helical peptide plus a hydrocarbon tail. Promisingly, the constructs adopted stable α-helical conformations and exhibited relatively broad-spectrum antiviral activities against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and influenza A viruses (IAVs). Together, these findings reveal a new strategy for relatively broad-spectrum antiviral drug discovery by relying on the tunability of the α-helical coiled-coil domains present in all class I fusion proteins and the amphiphilic nature of the individual helices from this multihelix motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic
Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory
of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of
Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guangpeng Meng
- Key Laboratory
of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of
Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weicong Wang
- Department
of Clinical Trial Center, China National Clinical Research Center
for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiguo Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic
Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Lindsley
F. Kimball Research Institute, New York
Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, United
States
| | - Keliang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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19
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Basir D, Hanafi M, Julinar, Saputra A, Wati T. Free Solvent Amidation of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids of Fagraea Fragrans Fruits: Their P-388 Antitumor Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1095/1/012006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Ouyang T, Liu X, Ouyang H, Ren L. Recent trends in click chemistry as a promising technology for virus-related research. Virus Res 2018; 256:21-28. [PMID: 30081058 PMCID: PMC7173221 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry involves reactions that were originally introduced and used in organic chemistry to generate substances by joining small units together with heteroatom linkages (C-X-C). Over the last few decades, click chemistry has been widely used in virus-related research. Using click chemistry, the virus particle as well as viral protein and nucleic acids can be labeled. Subsequently, the labeled virions or molecules can be tracked in real time. Here, we reviewed the recent applications of click reactions in virus-related research, including viral tracking, the design of antiviral agents, the diagnosis of viral infection, and virus-based delivery systems. This review provides an overview of the general principles and applications of click chemistry in virus-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
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21
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Li S, Jia X, Shen X, Wei Z, Jiang Z, Liao Y, Guo Y, Zheng X, Zhong G, Song G. Structure-activity relationships of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl oleanic acid derivatives as entry inhibitors for highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4384-4396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Site-specific Isopeptide Bridge Tethering of Chimeric gp41 N-terminal Heptad Repeat Helical Trimers for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32161. [PMID: 27562370 PMCID: PMC4999862 DOI: 10.1038/srep32161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides derived from the N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) of HIV-1 gp41 can be potent inhibitors against viral entry when presented in a nonaggregating trimeric coiled-coil conformation via the introduction of exogenous trimerization motifs and intermolecular disulfide bonds. We recently discovered that crosslinking isopeptide bridges within the de novo helical trimers added exceptional resistance to unfolding. Herein, we attempted to optimize (CCIZN17)3, a representative disulfide bond-stabilized chimeric NHR-trimer, by incorporating site-specific interhelical isopeptide bonds as the redox-sensitive disulfide surrogate. In this process, we systematically examined the effect of isopeptide bond position and molecular sizes of auxiliary trimeric coiled-coil motif and NHR fragments on the antiviral potency of these NHR-trimers. Pleasingly, (IZ14N24N)3 possessed promising inhibitory activity against HIV-1 infection and markedly increased proteolytic stability relative to its disulfide-tethered counterpart, suggesting good potential for further development as an effective antiviral agent for treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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23
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Liang G, Wang H, Chong H, Cheng S, Jiang X, He Y, Wang C, Liu K. An effective conjugation strategy for designing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7875-82. [PMID: 27454320 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lengthy peptides corresponding to the C-terminal heptad repeat (C-peptides) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 are potent inhibitors against virus-cell fusion. Designing short C-peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors could potentially redress the physicochemical and technical liabilities of a long-peptide therapeutic. However, designing such inhibitors with high potency has been challenging. We generated a conjugated architecture by incorporating small-molecule inhibitors of gp41 into the N-terminus of a panel of truncated C-peptides. Among these small molecule-capped short peptides, the 26-residue peptide Indole-T26 inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral replication at low nanomolar levels, reaching the potency of the only clinically used 36-residue peptide T20 (enfuvirtide). Collectively, our work opens up a new avenue for developing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors, and may have broad applicability to the development of modulators of other class I fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Huixin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Siqi Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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24
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Song G, Shen X, Li S, Li Y, Si H, Fan J, Li J, Gao E, Liu S. Structure-activity relationships of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl oleanane-type triterpenoids as potential H5N1 entry inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:109-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Gao P, Sun L, Zhou J, Li X, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of novel anti-HIV agents via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry-based approach. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:857-71. [PMID: 27400283 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1210125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, a variety of new synthetic methodologies and concepts have been proposed in the search for new pharmaceutical lead structures and optimization. Notably, the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry approach has drawn great attention and has become a powerful tool for the generation of privileged medicinal skeletons in the discovery of anti-HIV agents. This is due to the high degree of reliability, complete specificity (chemoselectivity and regioselectivity), mild conditions, and the biocompatibility of the reactants. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors describe the progress thus far on the discovery of novel anti-HIV agents via the CuAAC click chemistry-based approach. EXPERT OPINION CuAAC click chemistry is a proven protocol for synthesizing triazole products which could serve as basic pharmacophores, act as replacements of traditional scaffold or substituent modification, be a linker of dual-target or dual-site inhibitors and more for the discovery of novel anti-HIV agents. What's more, it also provides convenience and feasibility for dynamic combinatorial chemistry and in situ screening. It is envisioned that click chemistry will draw more attention and make more contributions in anti-HIV drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Junsu Zhou
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
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26
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Na H, Li X, Zou C, Wang C, Wang C, Liu K. Triterpene sapogenin–polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2999-3005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Cheng S, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Lv X, Gao GF, Shao Y, Ma L, Li X. Enfuvirtide-PEG conjugate: A potent HIV fusion inhibitor with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:232-237. [PMID: 27240277 PMCID: PMC7115413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enfuvirtide (ENF) is a clinically used peptide drug for the treatment of HIV infections, but its poor pharmacokinetic profile (T1/2 = 1.5 h in rats) and low aqueous solubility make the therapy expensive and inconvenience. In this study, we present a simple and practical strategy to address these problems by conjugating ENF with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Site-specific attachment of a 2 kDa PEG at the N-terminus of ENF resulted in an ENF-PEG (EP) conjugate with high solubility (≥3 mg/mL) and long half-life in rats (T1/2 = 16.1 h). This conjugate showed similar antiviral activity to ENF against various primary HIV-1 isolates (EC50 = 6-91 nM). Mechanistic studies suggested the sources of the antiviral potency. The conjugate bound to a functional domain of the HIV gp41 protein in a helical conformation with high affinity (Kd = 307 nM), thereby inhibiting the gp41-mediated fusion of viral and host-cell membranes. As PEG conjugation has advanced many bioactive proteins and peptides into clinical applications, the EP conjugate described here represents a potential new treatment for HIV infections that may address the unmet medical needs associated with the current ENF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuihong Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASCIRE), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xuebing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASCIRE), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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28
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Kacprzak K, Skiera I, Piasecka M, Paryzek Z. Alkaloids and Isoprenoids Modification by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (Click Chemistry): Toward New Functions and Molecular Architectures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5689-743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kacprzak
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Skiera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Piasecka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Paryzek
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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29
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Wang Y, Liu SP, Guo MH, Wang Z. Determination and validation of chikusetsusaponin IVa in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1423-9. [PMID: 26864353 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Pharmacy Admixture Services; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shi-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Mei-Hua Guo
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Harbin First Hospital; Harbin 100730 China
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30
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Wang C, Lai W, Yu F, Zhang T, Lu L, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Xu X, Bai Y, Jiang S, Liu K. De novo design of isopeptide bond-tethered triple-stranded coiled coils with exceptional resistance to unfolding and proteolysis: implication for developing antiviral therapeutics. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6505-6509. [PMID: 30090269 PMCID: PMC6054081 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02220g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopeptide bond-tethered triple-stranded coiled coils of HIV-1 gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) peptides have been designed with de novo auxiliaries to guide site-directed trimerized cross-linking. The presence of isopeptide bridges in the rationally designed trimerization motifs provides extraordinary stability to withstand thermal and chemical denaturation. As a result, these ultra-stable and well-folded trimeric coiled coils direct and yield proteolysis-resistant and remarkably potent N-peptide chimeric trimers with HIV-1 fusion inhibitory activities in the low nanomolar range, much more effective than the corresponding unstructured N-peptide monomers and reaching the potency of clinically used T20 peptide (enfuvirtide). Thus, these isopeptide bond-crosslinked de novo coiled coils may also be used as attractive scaffolds for isolating NHR-trimers in other class I enveloped viruses for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, this isopeptide bridge-tethering strategy could be extendable to the construction of ultra-stable proteins interfering with certain biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
| | - Wenqing Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health , Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-54237673
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health , Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-54237673
| | - Xifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health , Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-54237673
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , New York , NY 10065 , USA
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing , 100850 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-10-6816-9363
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31
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Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Chan WY. Proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, and nucleotides with inhibitory activity on human immunodeficiency virus and its enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10399-414. [PMID: 26411457 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, has claimed innumerable lives in the past. Many biomolecules which suppress HIV replication and also other biomolecules that inhibit enzymes essential to HIV replication have been reported. Proteins including a variety of milk proteins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, ribonucleases, antifungal proteins, and trypsin inhibitors; peptides comprising cathelicidins, defensins, synthetic peptides, and others; polysaccharides and polysaccharopeptides; nucleosides, nucleotides, and ribozymes, demonstrated anti-HIV activity. In many cases, the mechanism of anti-HIV action has been elucidated. Strategies have been devised to augment the anti-HIV potency of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China.
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China.
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32
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Chingwaru W, Vidmar J, Kapewangolo PT. The Potential of Sub-Saharan African Plants in the Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: A Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1452-87. [PMID: 26337608 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Southern Africa. Phytomedicines are an integral part of African health care. The Southern African flora is composed of at least 23 400 taxa. Despite this richness, only a handful of botanical products have been assessed for activities against HIV. This study aimed to summarize the potential of Sub-Saharan African plants, based on their composition and the established bioactivities, as sources of agents to manage HIV symptoms and as retroviral therapy. At least 109 plant species from 42 families and 94 genera that are found in Southern Africa were shown to have potential or actual activities against HIV. Only 12 of these plant species from 6 families and 10 genera were shown to harbour anti-HIV properties. Phytochemicals that include β-sitosterols, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and alkaloids, which harbour anti-HIV properties, were found to have a near cosmopolitan presence across the plant families in the region. Bioactivities of multiple phytochemicals are comparable to those for standard allopathic antiretroviral drugs. Research to determine the anti-HIV activities of the identified and other plants, including clinical trials, is long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chingwaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.,Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Vidmar
- Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petrina T Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionierspark, Windhoek, Namibia
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33
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Callies O, Bedoya LM, Beltrán M, Muñoz A, Calderón PO, Osorio AA, Jiménez IA, Alcamí J, Bazzocchi IL. Isolation, Structural Modification, and HIV Inhibition of Pentacyclic Lupane-Type Triterpenoids from Cassine xylocarpa and Maytenus cuzcoina. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1045-55. [PMID: 25927586 DOI: 10.1021/np501025r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our investigation into new anti-HIV agents, we report herein the isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of six new (1-6) and 20 known (7-26) pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoids from the stem of Cassine xylocarpa and root bark of Maytenus cuzcoina. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. To gain a more complete understanding of the structural requirements for anti-HIV activity, derivatives 27-48 were prepared by chemical modification of the main secondary metabolites. Sixteen compounds from this series displayed inhibitory effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication with IC50 values in the micromolar range, highlighting compounds 12, 38, and 42 (IC50 4.08, 4.18, and 1.70 μM, respectively) as the most promising anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Callies
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis M Bedoya
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- §Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Beltrán
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Obregón Calderón
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex A Osorio
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ignacio A Jiménez
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel L Bazzocchi
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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