1
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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2
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Luo ML, Hou Q, Liu SJ, Zhao Q, Qin R, Peng C, Han B, Zhan G. One-Step Synthesis of Hydropyrrolo[3,2- b]indoles via Cascade Reactions of Oxindole-Derived Nitrones with Allenoates. Org Lett 2022; 24:8493-8497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Qiumeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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3
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Synthesis of New 2,3-Dihydroindole Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Melatonin Receptor Binding Affinity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217462. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dihydroindoles are promising agents for the synthesis of new compounds with neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Usually, these compounds are obtained by direct reduction of the corresponding indoles containing acceptor groups in the indole ring for its activation. In this work, we propose a synthetic strategy to obtain new 2,3-dihydroindole derivatives from the corresponding polyfunctional 2-oxindoles. Three methods were proposed for reduction of functional groups in the 2-oxindole and 2-chloroindole molecules using various boron hydrides. The possibility of chemoselective reduction of the nitrile group in the presence of an amide was shown. The proposed synthetic strategy can be used, for example, for the synthesis of new analogs of the endogenous hormone melatonin and other compounds with neuroprotective properties.
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4
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Chen X, Yue J, Wang K, Gui Y, Niu Y, Liu J, Ran C, Kong W, Zhou W, Yu D. Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Carbo‐Carboxylation of Alkenes with CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Ping Yue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Kuai Wang
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Nan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Neijiang Normal University Neijiang 641100 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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5
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Chen X, Yue J, Wang K, Gui Y, Niu Y, Liu J, Ran C, Kong W, Zhou W, Yu D. Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Carbo‐Carboxylation of Alkenes with CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14068-14075. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Ping Yue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Kuai Wang
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Nan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Neijiang Normal University Neijiang 641100 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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6
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Kumar V, De P, Ojha PK, Saha A, Roy K. A Multi-layered Variable Selection Strategy for QSAR Modeling of Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1601-1627. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200616142753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurological disorder, is the most common cause
of senile dementia. Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme plays a vital role in regulating the brain acetylcholine
(ACh) neurotransmitter, but in the case of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), BuChE activity gradually
increases in patients with a decrease in the acetylcholine (ACh) concentration via hydrolysis. ACh
plays an essential role in regulating learning and memory as the cortex originates from the basal forebrain,
and thus, is involved in memory consolidation in these sites.
Methods:
In this work, we have developed a partial least squares (PLS)-regression based two dimensional
quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) model using 1130 diverse chemical classes
of compounds with defined activity against the BuChE enzyme. Keeping in mind the strict Organization
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines, we have tried to select significant
descriptors from the large initial pool of descriptors using multi-layered variable selection strategy using
stepwise regression followed by genetic algorithm (GA) followed by again stepwise regression technique
and at the end best subset selection prior to development of final model thus reducing noise in the
input. Partial least squares (PLS) regression technique was employed for the development of the final
model while model validation was performed using various stringent validation criteria.
Results:
The results obtained from the QSAR model suggested that the quality of the model is acceptable
in terms of both internal (R2= 0.664, Q2= 0.650) and external (R2
Pred= 0.657) validation parameters.
The QSAR studies were analyzed, and the structural features (hydrophobic, ring aromatic and hydrogen
bond acceptor/donor) responsible for enhancement of the activity were identified. The developed model
further suggests that the presence of hydrophobic features like long carbon chain would increase the
BuChE inhibitory activity and presence of amino group and hydrazine fragment promoting the hydrogen
bond interactions would be important for increasing the inhibitory activity against BuChE enzyme.
Conclusion:
Furthermore, molecular docking studies have been carried out to understand the molecular
interactions between the ligand and receptor, and the results are then correlated with the structural features
obtained from the QSAR models. The information obtained from the QSAR models are well corroborated
with the results of the docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Priyanka De
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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7
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He H, Bian G, Herbst-Gervasoni CJ, Mori T, Shinsky SA, Hou A, Mu X, Huang M, Cheng S, Deng Z, Christianson DW, Abe I, Liu T. Discovery of the cryptic function of terpene cyclases as aromatic prenyltransferases. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3958. [PMID: 32769971 PMCID: PMC7414894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic versatility is an inherent property of many enzymes. In nature, terpene cyclases comprise the foundation of molecular biodiversity as they generate diverse hydrocarbon scaffolds found in thousands of terpenoid natural products. Here, we report that the catalytic activity of the terpene cyclases AaTPS and FgGS can be switched from cyclase to aromatic prenyltransferase at basic pH to generate prenylindoles. The crystal structures of AaTPS and FgGS provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of this cryptic function. Moreover, aromatic prenyltransferase activity discovered in other terpene cyclases indicates that this cryptic function is broadly conserved among the greater family of terpene cyclases. We suggest that this cryptic function is chemoprotective for the cell by regulating isoprenoid diphosphate concentrations so that they are maintained below toxic thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing He
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guangkai Bian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Corey J Herbst-Gervasoni
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen A Shinsky
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Anwei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Saidi I, Nimbarte VD, Schwalbe H, Waffo-Téguo P, Harrath AH, Mansour L, Alwasel S, Ben Jannet H. Anti-tyrosinase, anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of extracts and phytochemicals from the Tunisian Citharexylum spinosum L.: Molecular docking and SAR analysis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104093. [PMID: 32717693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously phytochemical investigations carried out on the flowers and trunk bark extracts of Citharexylum spinosum L. tree, allowed the isolation of twenty molecules belonging to several families of natural substances [triterpene acids, iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, 8,3'-neolignan glycosides, together with other phenolic compounds]. In the present work, a biological evaluation (anti-tyrosinase, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities) was performed on the prepared extracts and the isolated secondary metabolites. The results showed that the EtOAc extract of the trunk bark displayed the highest anti-tyrosinase effect with a percent inhibition of 55.0 ± 1.8% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The highest anticholinesterase activity was presented by the same extract with an IC50 value of 99.97 ± 3.01 µg/mL. The EtOAc extract of flowers and that of the trunk bark displayed the best cytotoxic property with IC50 values of 96.00 ± 2.85 and 88.75 ± 2.00 µg/mL, respectively, against the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), and IC50 values of 188.23 ± 3.88 and 197.00 ± 4.25 µg/mL, respectively, against the human lung cancer (A549) cell lines. Biological investigation of the pure compounds showed that the two 8,3'-neolignan glycosides, plucheosides D1-D2, generate the highest anti-tyrosinase potency with a percent inhibition of 61.4 ± 2.0 and 79.5 ± 2.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 100 µM. The iridoid glycosides exhibited a significant anticholinesterase activity with IC50 values ranging from 17.19 ± 1.02 to 52.24 ± 2.50 µM. Triterpene pentacyclic acids and iridoid glycosides exerted encouraging cytotoxic effects against HeLa with IC50 values ranging from 9.00 ± 1.10 to 25.00 ± 1.00 µM. The study of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been sufficiently and widely discussed. The natural compounds that exhibited the significant bioactivities were docked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyes Saidi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11ES39), Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Vijaykumar D Nimbarte
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology. Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology. Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Pierre Waffo-Téguo
- Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Œnologie 210 chemin de leysotte, CS50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France; INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11ES39), Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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9
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Hong G, Nahide PD, Kozlowski MC. Cyanomethylation of Substituted Fluorenes and Oxindoles with Alkyl Nitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:1563-1568. [PMID: 32043885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first example of metal-free cyanomethylenation from alkyl nitriles of sp3 C-H bonds to afford quaternary carbon centers is described. This oxidative protocol is operationally simple and features good functional group compatibility. This method provides a novel approach to highly functionalized fluorene and oxindole derivatives, which are commonly used in material and pharmaceutical areas. Control experiments provide evidence of a radical reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Pradip D Nahide
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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10
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Wang H, Wang Y, Liu S, Mai Y, Zong X, Gao H, Hu R, Jiang X, Yeung Y. Enantioselective Fluorocyclizations Mediated by Amino‐Acid‐Derived Phthalazine. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Mai
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxin Zong
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbin Hu
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT, Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Jiang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Yeung Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT, Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu D, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Gong M, Fu Z, Huang W. Access to Enantioenriched Spiro-ϵ-Lactam Oxindoles by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [4+3] Annulation of Flexible Oxotryptamines with Enals. Chemistry 2019; 25:11223-11227. [PMID: 31298766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxotryptamines were firstly used as flexible four-atom synthons in an NHC-catalyzed formal [4+3] annulation, providing a novel enantioselective method to access structurally diverse spiro-ϵ-lactam oxindoles with excellent enantioselectivities. This metal-free reaction features a broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group tolerance and proceeds under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, enantiopure privileged hexahydropyrroloindoles could be easily constructed by a one-pot process from the resulting spiro-ϵ-lactam oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhouli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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12
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Moodie LWK, Sepčić K, Turk T, FrangeŽ R, Svenson J. Natural cholinesterase inhibitors from marine organisms. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1053-1092. [PMID: 30924818 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Published between 1974 up to 2018Inhibition of cholinesterases is a common approach for the management of several disease states. Most notably, cholinesterase inhibitors are used to alleviate the symptoms of neurological disorders like dementia and Alzheimer's disease and treat myasthenia gravis and glaucoma. Historically, most drugs of natural origin have been isolated from terrestrial sources and inhibitors of cholinesterases are no exception. However, the last 50 years have seen a rise in the quantity of marine natural products with close to 25 000 reported in the scientific literature. A number of marine natural products with potent cholinesterase inhibitory properties have also been reported; isolated from a variety of marine sources from algae to ascidians. Representing a diverse range of structural classes, these compounds provide inspirational leads that could aid the development of therapeutics. The current paper aims to, for the first time, comprehensively summarize the literature pertaining to cholinesterase inhibitors derived from marine sources, including the first papers published in 1974 up to 2018. The review does not report bioactive extracts, only isolated compounds, and a specific focus lies on compounds with reported dose-response data. In vivo and mechanistic data is included for compounds where this is reported. In total 185 marine cholinesterase inhibitors and selected analogs have been identified and reported and some of the compounds display inhibitory activities comparable or superior to cholinesterase inhibitors in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindon W K Moodie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Umeå, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Turk
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert FrangeŽ
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden.
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13
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Phillips D, Hewitt JFM, France DJ. Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Heterocycles by Pd-Catalyzed Arylallylation of Unactivated Alkenes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8451-8459. [PMID: 31458973 PMCID: PMC6644603 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Finding new methods of carbon-carbon bond formation is a key goal in expanding current methodology for heterocycle formation. Because of their inherently nonplanar shape, new methods of forming sp3-rich scaffolds are of particular importance. Although there are methods for combining heterocyclization and formation of new sp3-sp3 carbon-carbon bonds, these form the carbon-heteroatom bond rather than a carbon-carbon bond of the heterocycle. Here, we show a new alkene arylallylation reaction that generates a heterocycle with concomitant formation of two new carbon-carbon bonds. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this process occurs through an isohypsic (redox neutral) mechanism. Overall, this carboallylation reaction gives a new route to the synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted heterocycles.
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14
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Zhang GT, Zhang J, Xu YJ, Dong L. Metal-Free [3+2] Tandem Cyclization Synthesis of Unique 11H
-Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]Indolizine from 7-Azaindoles and Pyridotriazoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 830011 Urumqi China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
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15
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Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and molecular docking study of fluorine-substituted indole-based imidazolines. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Li DF, Liu K, Jiang YX, Gu Y, Zhang JR, Zhao LM. Access to 3-Prenylated Oxindoles by α-Regioselective Prenylation: Application to the Synthesis of (±)-Debromoflustramine E. Org Lett 2018; 20:1122-1125. [PMID: 29400474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a rapid, highly efficient, and one-pot synthesis of C3-α-prenylated oxindoles with simple reagents is described. The process is based on zinc-mediated α-regioselective prenylation of 3-acylidene-oxindole with commercially available prenyl bromide using inexpensive CeCl3 as the catalyst. The new transformation tolerates a wide range of 3-acylidene-oxindoles, providing easy access to a variety of functionalized 3-prenylated oxindoles. The synthetic utility of the approach is verified by formal synthesis of the flustramine family alkaloid (±)-debromoflustramine E.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Ru Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Luo F, Lu Y, Hu M, Tian J, Zhang L, Bao W, Yan C, Huang X, Wang ZX, Peng B. Reductive ortho C–H cyanoalkylation of aryl(heteroaryl) sulfoxides: a general approach to α-aryl(heteroaryl) nitriles. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free low-temperature cyanoalkylation has been developed as a general protocol for the synthesis of α-aryl(heteroaryl) nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Mengjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Junsong Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Wangzhen Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- China
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18
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Trost BM, Chan WH, Malhotra S. Development of the Regiodivergent Asymmetric Prenylation of 3-Substituted Oxindoles. Chemistry 2017; 23:4405-4414. [PMID: 28141896 PMCID: PMC5530868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes our efforts to design a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric prenylation of 3-substituted oxindoles that affords access to both the linear and reverse-prenylated products. Both 3-alkyl- and 3-aryloxindoles performed well under our optimized reaction conditions. The regiodivergent alkylation of monoterpene-derived electrophiles using this methodology was also investigated. The utility of this methodology in natural product synthesis was demonstrated through the efficient total syntheses of four Flustra alkaloids, which also allowed the absolute stereochemistry of the prenylated oxindole products to be assigned. Surprisingly, the same enantiomer of ligand produced linear and branched regioisomers of opposite chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Walter H Chan
- University of Toronto, 78 Queens Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C5, Canada
| | - Sushant Malhotra
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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19
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Phillips D, France DJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Heterocyclization: A Carbon-Centered Approach. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Phillips
- WestChem, School of Chemistry; University of Glasgow; University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - David J. France
- WestChem, School of Chemistry; University of Glasgow; University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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20
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Novel series of tacrine-tianeptine hybrids: Synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, S100B secretion and a molecular modeling approach. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:758-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Zheng S, Zhou X, Xu S, Zhu R, Bai H, Zhang J. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Characterization of Half-Calycanthaceous Alkaloid Derivatives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091207. [PMID: 27618003 PMCID: PMC6273825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 29 novel tetrahydropyrroloindol-based calycanthaceous alkaloid derivatives were synthesized from indole-3-acetonitrile in good yields. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against nine strains of bacteria and a wide range of plant pathogen fungi. Bioassay results revealed that majority of the compounds displayed similar or higher in vitro antimicrobial activities than the positive control. The biological activities also indicated that substituents at R₄ and R₅ significantly affect the activities. Notably, compound c4 was found to be most active among the tested calycanthaceous analogues and might be a novel potential leading compound for further development as an antifungal agent. The results could pave the way for further design and structural modification of calycanthaceous alkaloids as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R & D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shixun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongjin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R & D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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García-Vázquez JB, González-Juárez DE, Morales-Ríos MS, Suárez-Castillo OR, Mora-Pérez Y. Structure elucidation of configurational isomers of nitrile-substituted spirocyclopropyloxindoles by NMR spectroscopy, molecular modeling, and X-ray crystallography. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:1061-1070. [PMID: 26768305 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Benjamín García-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000, Mexico
| | - Daphne E González-Juárez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000, Mexico
| | - Martha S Morales-Ríos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000, Mexico
| | - Oscar R Suárez-Castillo
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Mora-Pérez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000, Mexico
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23
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Abstract
Marine indole alkaloids comprise a large and steadily growing group of secondary metabolites. Their diverse biological activities make many compounds of this class attractive starting points for pharmaceutical development. Several marine-derived indoles were found to possess cytotoxic, antineoplastic, antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, in addition to the action on human enzymes and receptors. The newly isolated indole alkaloids of marine origin since the last comprehensive review in 2003 are reported, and biological aspects will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Netz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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24
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Wang S, Huang X, Li B, Ge Z, Wang X, Li R. A metal-free synthesis of oxindoles by a radical addition-cyclization onto N-arylacrylamides with xanthates. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Zhang M, Sheng W, Ji P, Liu Y, Guo C. Metal-free direct cyanoisopropylation/arylation of N-arylacrylamides or N-alkyl-N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides with AIBN: a simple and mild approach to cyano-containing oxindoles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A general, highly efficient approach to cyano-containing oxindoles is presented that is achieved by a metal-free direct cyanoisopropylation/arylation ofN-arylacrylamides orN-alkyl-N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides with AIBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Wenbing Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Pengyi Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Cancheng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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26
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Natural products from marine organisms with neuroprotective activity in the experimental models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and ischemic brain stroke: their molecular targets and action mechanisms. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:139-70. [PMID: 25348867 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Continuous increases in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and brain stroke demand the urgent development of therapeutics. Marine organisms are well-known producers of natural products with diverse structures and pharmacological activities. Therefore, researchers have endeavored to identify marine natural products with neuroprotective effects. In this regard, this review summarizes therapeutic targets for AD, PD, and ischemic brain stroke and marine natural products with pharmacological activities on the targets according to taxonomies of marine organisms. Furthermore, several marine natural products on the clinical trials for the treatment of neurological disorders are discussed.
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27
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Huang G, Kling B, Darras FH, Heilmann J, Decker M. Identification of a neuroprotective and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor derived from the natural alkaloid evodiamine. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Granica S, Kiss AK, Jarończyk M, Maurin JK, Mazurek AP, Czarnocki Z. Synthesis of imperatorin analogs and their evaluation as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:775-82. [PMID: 24123207 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized several imperatorin analogs using imperatorin and xanthotoxin as substrates. The anti-cholinesterase activities of all compounds were evaluated in in vitro experiments according to the modified Ellman's method. For each synthesized compound, IC50 values for both enzymes were established. Galantamine hydrobromide was used as a positive control in the enzymatic experiments. All active compounds showed selectivity toward butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) rather than acetylcholinesterase. The most active ones were 8-(3-methylbutoxy)-psoralen and 8-hexoxypsoralen with IC50 values for BuChE of around 16.5 and 16.4 µM, respectively. The results of our study may be considered as the beginning of a search for potential anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs based on the structure of natural furocoumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granica
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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De S, Rigby JH. Total synthesis of (±)-debromoflustramine B via [4+1] cyclization of a bis(alkylthio)carbene and an indole isocyanate. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Qin J, Lan W, Liu Z, Huang J, Tang H, Wang H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1, 3-dihydroxyxanthone mannich base derivatives as anticholinesterase agents. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:78. [PMID: 23622085 PMCID: PMC3673835 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive and degenerative disorder, has become one of the severe problems among the aged population all over the world. To use cholinesterase inhibitor drugs has become the most predominant treatment strategy for AD. Results A series of novel 1, 3-dihydroxyxanthone Mannich bases derivatives (1a ~ 4e) were synthesized, structure elucidated and evaluated for anti-cholinesterase activity. The result showed that most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities with the IC50 values at micromole level concentration against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The preliminary structure-activity indicated that: (i) The alkoxy or alkenoxy substituents in the position 3 of xanthone have a positive influence on the inhibition potency; (ii) types of dialkylamine methyl in position 2 of xanthone affected cholinesterase activities and AChE/BuChE selectivity. Among them, 2-((diethylamino)methyl)-1-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)-9H-xanthen-9-one showed potent inhibitory activity against AChE with the IC50 value of 2.61 ± 0.13 μM and the best inhibitory activity against BuChE with the IC50 value of 0.51 ± 0.01 μM. The results of a mixed-type manner in enzyme kinetic experiment and molecular docking study for 2-((diethylamino)methyl)-1-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)-9H-xanthen-9-one demonstrated that the Mannich base derivatives were likely to bind to the active site (AS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of cholinesterases. Conclusions This study suggested that 1, 3-dihydroxyxanthone Mannich base derivatives were potential dual inhibitors of both AChE and BuChE, which may be considered as a kind of novel drug candidates for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangke Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Resources and Molecular Engineering of State Education Ministry, College of chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P,R, China.
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31
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Liu R, Zhang J. Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Malonates to Isatylidene-3-acetaldehydes: Application to the Total Synthesis of (−)-Debromoflustramine E. Chemistry 2013; 19:7319-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Chen W, Yang W, Yan L, Tan CH, Jiang Z. Bicyclic guanidinium-catalyzed enantioselective phase-transfer alkylation: direct access to pyrroloindolines and furoindolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9854-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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33
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Li M, Woods PA, Smith MD. Cation-directed enantioselective synthesis of quaternary-substituted indolenines. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Adla SK, Sasse F, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Lindel T. Doubly prenylated tryptamines: cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and cyclisation to the marine natural product flustramine A. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6119-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40896e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Morales-Ríos MS, Rivera-Becerril E, López-Camacho PY, Pérez-Rojas NA, Suárez-Castillo OR. Preparation of O-Methyl Substituted 2-Oxofuro- and 2-Oxopyrrolidinoindolines by Reductive Lactonization of Oxindol-3-Ylacetic Acids. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical procedure for the preparation of O-methyl substituted 3a,8-dialkyl-2-oxofuroindolines is described. Reductive lactonization of the corresponding oxindol-3-ylacetic acids provides a route for the formation of this class of compounds. Further transformation of 2-oxofuroindolines into 2-oxopyrrolidinoindolines, and then to pyrrolidinoindolines demonstrates their versatility as key intermediates in natural products synthesis. The results of single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses are given for five of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S. Morales-Ríos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rivera-Becerril
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Avenida Pedro Antonio de los Santos 84, México D.F., 11850 Mexico
| | - Perla Y. López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Avenida Pedro Antonio de los Santos 84, México D.F., 11850 Mexico
| | | | - Oscar R. Suárez-Castillo
- Area Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184 Mexico
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36
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Ozawa T, Kanematsu M, Yokoe H, Yoshida M, Shishido K. Total Synthesis of Debromoflustramines B and E Based on the Intramolecular Carbamoylketene–Alkene [2 + 2] Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9240-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301817w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ozawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima
770-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanematsu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima
770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yokoe
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima
770-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima
770-8505, Japan
| | - Kozo Shishido
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima
770-8505, Japan
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Zhou Y, Xi Y, Zhao J, Sheng X, Zhang S, Zhang H. Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of o-Bromoanilides: Highly Flexible Synthesis of Hexahydropyrroloindole Alkaloids. Org Lett 2012; 14:3116-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3012056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yongkai Xi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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39
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Bottegoni G, Rocchia W, Cavalli A. Application of conformational clustering in protein-ligand docking. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 819:169-186. [PMID: 22183537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-465-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein-Ligand docking is a powerful technique routinely employed in structure-based drug design. Despite many reported success stories, docking is not always able to provide an accurate and easily interpretable prediction of the structure of the bound complex formed by a small organic molecule and a pharmacologically relevant target. Cluster analysis can represent a versatile and readily available postprocessing tool to be employed in combination with protein-ligand docking to simplify the evaluation of the results and help to overcome present limitations of docking protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottegoni
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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40
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Trost BM, Malhotra S, Chan WH. Exercising regiocontrol in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric prenylations and geranylation: unifying strategy toward flustramines A and B. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7328-31. [PMID: 21520958 PMCID: PMC3144703 DOI: 10.1021/ja2020873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed asymmetric prenylation of oxindoles to afford selectively either the prenyl or reverse-prenyl product has been demonstrated. Control of the regioselectivity in this transformation is governed by the choice of ligand, solvent, and halide additive. The resulting prenylated and reverse-prenylated products were transformed into ent-flustramides and ent-flustramines A and B. Additionally, control of the regio- and diastereoselectivity was obtained using π-geranylpalladium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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41
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Morales-Ríos MS, Rivera-Becerril E, González-Juárez DE, García-Vázquez JB, Trujillo-Serrato JJ, Hernández-Barragán A, Joseph-Nathan P. Synthesis of Pyrrolidinoindolines from 2-(2-Oxo-3-indolyl)acetates: Scope and Limitations. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,3a,8-alkylpyrrolidinoindolines have been synthesized. The scope and limitations of the alkylation of starting methyl oxindol-3-acetates are explored employing electron-rich and electron-poor alkylating agents. Hydrolysis and reductive lactonization of the resulting carboxylic γ-oxindolic acid derivatives proceeds with good yields to afford 2-oxofuroindolines providing ready access to the pyrrolidinoindoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S. Morales-Ríos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
| | - Ernesto Rivera-Becerril
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
| | - Daphne E. González-Juárez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
| | - Juan Benjamín García-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
| | - Joel J. Trujillo-Serrato
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
| | - Angelina Hernández-Barragán
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
| | - Pedro Joseph-Nathan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
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Cation–π and π–π stacking interactions allow selective inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by modified quinine and cinchonidine alkaloids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 404:935-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Espejo VR, Li XB, Rainier JD. Cyclopropylazetoindolines as precursors to C(3)-quaternary-substituted indolines. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8282-4. [PMID: 20518467 DOI: 10.1021/ja103428y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the generation and use of a cyclopropylazetoindoline, a novel fused heterocycle, in coupling reactions with hetero- and carbon nucleophiles to give C(3)-quaternary-substituted pyrroloindolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinson R Espejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Kulkarni MG, Chavhan SW, Desai MP, Shaikh YB, Gaikwad DD, Dhondge AP, Borhade AS, Ningdale VB, Birhade DR, Dhatrak NR. A short and efficient synthesis of furo[2,3-b]indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Schammel AW, Boal BW, Zu L, Mesganaw T, Garg NK. Exploration of the interrupted Fischer indolization reaction. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:4687-4695. [PMID: 20798890 PMCID: PMC2925302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A convergent method to access the fused indoline ring system present in a multitude of bioactive molecules has been developed. The strategy involves the condensation of hydrazines with latent aldehydes to ultimately deliver indoline-containing products by way of an interrupted Fischer indolization sequence. The method is convergent, mild, operationally simple, broad in scope, and can be used to access enantioenriched products. In addition, our approach is amenable to the synthesis of furoindoline and pyrrolidinoindoline natural products as demonstrated by the concise formal total syntheses of physovenine and debromoflustramine B. The strategy will likely enable the synthesis of more complex targets such as the communesin alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W. Schammel
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ben W. Boal
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Liansuo Zu
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Tehetena Mesganaw
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Neil K. Garg
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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46
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López-Camacho PY, Joseph-Nathan P, Gordillo-Román B, Suárez-Castillo OR, Morales-Ríos MS. Cascade [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements of ketene O,O-acetals: kinetic and DFT level mechanistic studies. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1898-910. [PMID: 20180516 DOI: 10.1021/jo902520z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regioisomeric alpha-cyano ketene-O,O-dialkyl acetals 2a-e and 4a-e, sequential intermediates in the diazomethane induced conversion of indole alpha-cyano-gamma-lactones 1a-e to 2-indolyl cyanomalonates 5a-e, were isolated and characterized. Formation of the steady-state intermediate cycloprop[b]indoles 3a-e was evidenced by means of NMR and confirmed by the X-ray structure of 3c, demonstrating that the formation of 5a-e from 2a-e proceeds through two consecutive and one parallel unimolecular steps, with intermediates 3a-e formed in reversible processes. Evidence that the reversible reactions proceed via [1,3]-rearrangements is presented. The steady-state kinetic approach applied to intermediate 3 allowed a minimal two consecutive step 2 --> 4--> 5 kinetic model, in which the steric bulkiness of the alkyl substituent affects strongly the associated rate constants, k(1) and k(2), inverting the rate-determining step. The solvation effects enhanced the feasibility of these skeletal rearrangements as they stabilized the transition states to a great extent. The experimental determined thermodynamic parameters and DFT calculations suggest that these cascade rearrangements occur through [1,3]-sigmatropic mechanisms, in which asynchronous bond reorganization processes via four membered pseudopericyclic transition states are highly favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Y López-Camacho
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, DF, 07000 Mexico
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Kawasaki T, Shinada M, Aihara Y, Takiguchi S, Ban N, Higuchi K. Reductive Cyclization of 3-Cyanomethyloxindoles to Hexahydro-2-oxopyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles with Lithium Aluminum Hydride. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Wang YH, Long CL, Yang FM, Wang X, Sun QY, Wang HS, Shi YN, Tang GH. Pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids from Selaginella moellendorfii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1151-4. [PMID: 19422203 DOI: 10.1021/np9001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eight new pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids (1-8) were isolated from the whole plant of Selaginella moellendorfii. Their structures were determined by mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and chemical interconversions. These alkaloids have a 3-carboxybut-2-enyl group at C-3a and two methyl groups at N-8. The possible biogenetic route from selaginellic acid (1) to neoselaginellic acid (6) was postulated and chemically mimicked. Tautomerization between 6 and 6a was observed. Selected compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, cytotoxic, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hu Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
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49
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Fang L, Appenroth D, Decker M, Kiehntopf M, Lupp A, Peng S, Fleck C, Zhang Y, Lehmann J. NO-donating tacrine hybrid compounds improve scopolamine-induced cognition impairment and show less hepatotoxicity. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7666-9. [PMID: 19053746 DOI: 10.1021/jm801131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of tacrine-NO donor hybrid compounds are synthesized and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibitory activity, cognition improving activity, and hepatotoxicity. The pharmacological results indicate that hybrid compounds 1, 2, and 3a potently inhibit cholinesterase in vitro and significantly improve the scopolamine-induced cognition impairment, whereas an analogue (3h) of 2 without the NO donor moiety does not. Compared to tacrine, 1 and 2 show much less hepatotoxicity. Molecular modeling studies suggest that 2 may interact with the catalytic and the peripheral anionic site of acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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50
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Kobayashi S, Hirano T, Iwakiri K, Miyamoto H, Nakazaki A. Total Synthesis of (–)-Flustramine B via One-Pot Intramolecular Ullmann Coupling and Claisen Rearrangement. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(d)49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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