1
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Zhou Y, Zou J, Xu J, Zhou Y, Cen X, Zhao Y. Recent advances of mitochondrial complex I inhibitors for cancer therapy: Current status and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115219. [PMID: 36893622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I (CI) as a critical multifunctional respiratory complex of electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been identified as vital and essence in ATP production, biosynthesis and redox balance. Recent progress in targeting CI has provided both insight and inspiration for oncotherapy, highlighting that the development of CI-targeting inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach to fight cancer. Natural products possessing of ample scaffold diversity and structural complexity are the majority source of CI inhibitors, although low specificity and safety hinder their extensive application. Along with the gradual deepening in understanding of CI structure and function, significant progress has been achieved in exploiting novel and selective small molecules targeting CI. Among them, IACS-010759 had been approved by FDA for phase I trial in advanced cancers. Moreover, drug repurposing represents an effective and prospective strategy for CI inhibitor discovery. In this review, we mainly elaborate the biological function of CI in tumor progression, summarize the CI inhibitors reported in recent years and discuss the further perspectives for CI inhibitor application, expecting this work may provide insights into innovative discovery of CI-targeting drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Samala R, Nukala SK, Thirukovela NS, Dasari G, Bandari S. One-Pot Synthesis of Some New Phthalazine-Piperazine-1,2,4-Oxadiazole Hybrids: Anticancer Evaluation, Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2158884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Samala
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Warangal, India
| | | | | | - Gouthami Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Warangal, India
| | - Srinivas Bandari
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Warangal, India
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3
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Yang C, Slavětínská LP, Fleuti M, Klepetářová B, Tichý M, Gurská S, Pavliš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis of Polycyclic Hetero-Fused 7-Deazapurine Heterocycles and Nucleosides through C-H Dibenzothiophenation and Negishi Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19437-19446. [PMID: 36245092 PMCID: PMC9619403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A new approach for synthesizing polycyclic heterofused
7-deazapurine
heterocycles and the corresponding nucleosides was developed based
on C–H functionalization of diverse (hetero)aromatics with
dibenzothiophene-S-oxide followed by the Negishi
cross-cooupling with bis(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)zinc. This cross-coupling
afforded a series of (het)aryl-pyrimidines that were converted to
fused deazapurine heterocycles through azidation and thermal cyclization.
The fused heterocycles were glycosylated to the corresponding 2′-deoxy-
and ribonucleosides, and a series of derivatives were prepared by
nucleophilic substitutions at position 4. Four series of new polycyclic
thieno-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides were synthesized using this
strategy. Most of the deoxyribonucleosides showed good cytotoxic activity,
especially for the CCRF-CEM cell line. Phenyl- and thienyl-substituted
thieno-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides were fluorescent, and the former
one was converted to 2′-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate for
enzymatic synthesis of labeled oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic,Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne Fleuti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic,Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavliš
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic,Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic,E-mail:
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4
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Mondal D, Amin SA, Moinul M, Das K, Jha T, Gayen S. How the structural properties of the indole derivatives are important in kinase targeted drug design?: A case study on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116534. [PMID: 34864496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are considered as important signalling enzymes that illustrate 20% of the druggable genome. Human kinase family comprises >500 protein kinases and about 20 lipid kinases. Protein kinases are responsible for the mechanism of protein phosphorylation. These are necessary for regulation of various cellular activities including proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, motility, growth, differentiation, etc. Their deregulation leads to disruption of many cellular processes leading to different diseases most importantly cancer. Thus, kinases are considered as valuable targets in different types of cancer as well as other diseases. Researchers around the world are actively engaged in developing inhibitors based on distinct chemical scaffolds. Indole represents as a versatile scaffold in the naturally occurring and bioactive molecules. It is also used as a privileged scaffold for the target-based drug design against different diseases. This present article aim to review the applications of indole scaffold in the design of inhibitors against different tyrosine kinases such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), etc. Important structure activity relationships (SARs) of indole derivatives were discussed. The present work is an attempt to summarize all the crucial structural information which is essential for the development of indole based tyrosine kinase inhibitors with improved potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P. O. Box 17020, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Md Moinul
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kalpataru Das
- Advanced Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P. O. Box 17020, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shovanlal Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470003, MP, India; Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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5
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Almalki ASA, Nazreen S, Elbehairi SEI, Asad M, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Alhadhrami A, Elhenawy AA, Alorabi AQ, Asiri AM, Alam MM. Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular docking studies of new benzimidazole derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties as potential thymidylate synthase inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds 10 and 14 arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induce apoptosis without any necrosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem SA Almalki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines, VACSERA Holding Company, Giza 2311, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alhadhrami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Elhenawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Q. Alorabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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6
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Song F, Bian Y, Liu J, Li Z, Zhao L, Fang J, Lai Y, Zhou M. Indole Alkaloids, Synthetic Dimers and Hybrids with Potential In Vivo Anticancer Activity. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:377-403. [PMID: 32901583 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200908162311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indole, a heterocyclic organic compound, is one of the most promising heterocycles found in natural and synthetic sources since its derivatives possess fascinating structural diversity and various therapeutic properties. Indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids could act on diverse targets in cancer cells, and consequently, possess potential antiproliferative effects on various cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Vinblastine, midostaurin, and anlotinib as the representative of indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids respectively, have already been clinically applied to treat many types of cancers, demonstrating indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. Covering articles published between 2010 and 2020, this review emphasizes the recent development of indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids with potential in vivo therapeutic application for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqiang Bian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Junman Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghong Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
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7
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Xu Y, Xue D, Bankhead A, Neamati N. Why All the Fuss about Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)? J Med Chem 2020; 63:14276-14307. [PMID: 33103432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Certain subtypes of cancer cells require oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to survive. Increased OXPHOS dependency is frequently a hallmark of cancer stem cells and cells resistant to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Suppressing the OXPHOS function might also influence the tumor microenvironment by alleviating hypoxia and improving the antitumor immune response. Thus, targeting OXPHOS is a promising strategy to treat various cancers. A growing arsenal of therapeutic agents is under development to inhibit this biological process. This Perspective provides an overview of the structure and function of OXPHOS complexes, their biological functions in cancer, relevant research tools and models, as well as the limitations of OXPHOS as drug targets. We also focus on the current development status of OXPHOS inhibitors and potential therapeutic strategies to strengthen their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Veselovská L, Pohl R, Tloušt′ová E, Gurská S, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Pyrido-Fused Deazapurine Bases: Synthesis and Glycosylation of 4-Substituted 9 H-Pyrido[2',3':4,5]- and Pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26278-26286. [PMID: 33073155 PMCID: PMC7557996 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two isomeric sets of 4-substituted pyridopyrrolopyrimidine nucleobases were prepared through nucleophilic substitutions or cross-coupling reactions of 4-chloropyridopyrrolopyrimidines. The corresponding 4-amino-pyridopyrrolopyrimidines were glycosylated with 5-O-tritylribose using the modified Mitsunobu protocol. Several examples of the title heterocycles showed blue or green fluorescence. Testing of the pyridopyrrolopyrimidine nucleobases for the cytotoxic effect revealed micromolar activity of 4-benzofuryl derivatives in both series, preferentially in multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Veselovská
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt′ová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hnìvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hnìvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hnìvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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9
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Fleuti M, Bártová K, Slavětínská LP, Tloušt'ová E, Tichý M, Gurská S, Pavliš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Biological Profiling of Pyrazolo-Fused 7-Deazapurine Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10539-10551. [PMID: 32692916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 8-substituted 1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (methylpyrazolo-fused 7-deazapurine) ribonucleosides have been designed and synthesized. Two synthetic approaches to the key heterocyclic aglycon 7, (i) a six-step classical heterocyclization starting from 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitropyrazole and (ii) a three-step cross-coupling and cyclization approach starting from the zincated 4,6-dichloropyrimidine, gave comparable total yields of 18% vs 13%. The glycosylation of 7 was attempted by three different methods but only the Vorbrüggen silyl-base protocol was efficient and stereoselective to give desired β-anomeric nucleoside intermediate 17A. Its nucleophilic substitutions or cross-coupling reactions at position 8 and deprotection of the sugar moiety gave eight derivatives of pyrazolo-fused deazapurine ribonucleosides, some of which were weakly fluorescent. Methyl, amino, and methylsulfanyl derivatives exerted submicromolar cytotoxic effects in vitro against a panel of cancer and leukemia cell lines as well as antiviral effects against hepatitis C virus in the replicon assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fleuti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavliš
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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10
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Yang C, Pohl R, Tichý M, Gurská S, Pavliš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Profiling of Benzothieno-Fused 7-Deazapurine Ribonucleosides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8085-8101. [PMID: 32432875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two isomeric series of benzothieno-fused 7-deazapurine (benzo[4',5']thieno[3',2':4,5]- and benzo[4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine) ribonucleosides were designed and synthesized. Key steps of the synthesis included the Negishi coupling of zincated dichloropyrimidine with 2- or 3-iodobenzothiophene followed by azidation, thermal or photochemical cyclization, glycosylation, and final functionalization at position 6 through cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitutions. Deprotection gave the final nucleosides, some of which showed moderate cytotoxic and antiviral activity. Most of the free nucleosides showed moderate to strong fluorescence with emission maxima of 362-554 nm. 2'-Deoxyribonucleoside and its 5'-O-triphosphate were also prepared from benzothieno-fused 7-deazaadenine derivative, and the triphosphate was a good substrate for KOD XL DNA polymerase in primer extension synthesis of modified DNA which exerted a weak fluorescence which was slightly enhanced in double-stranded DNA as compared to single-stranded oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavliš
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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11
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Spectroscopic, quantum chemical, molecular docking and in vitro anticancer activity studies on 5-Methoxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Nagargoje AA, Akolkar SV, Siddiqui MM, Bagade AV, Kodam KM, Sangshetti JN, Damale MG, Shingate BB. Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazole‐incorporated monocarbonyl curcumin analogues as antiproliferative and antioxidant agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol A. Nagargoje
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Satish V. Akolkar
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Madiha M. Siddiqui
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Aditi V. Bagade
- Department of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University Pune India
| | - Kisan M. Kodam
- Department of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University Pune India
| | | | - Manoj G. Damale
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySrinath College of Pharnacy Aurangabad India
| | - Bapurao B. Shingate
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
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13
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Design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of 5-methyl-N4-aryl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as single agents with combination chemotherapy potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3085-3093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Tichý M, Smoleń S, Deingruber T, Džubák P, Pohl R, Slavětínská LP, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Thienopyrrolo[2, 3- d
]pyrimidines, New Tricyclic Nucleobase Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Activities. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2; CZ-16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Smoleń
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2; CZ-16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Deingruber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2; CZ-16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5; CZ-775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2; CZ-16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2; CZ-16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5; CZ-775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2; CZ-16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8; CZ-12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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15
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New 2-Oxoindolin Phosphonates as Novel Agents to Treat Cancer: A Green Synthesis and Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081981. [PMID: 30096835 PMCID: PMC6222476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The work reports the facile synthesis of novel α-aminophosphonate derivatives coupled with indole-2,3-dione moieties, namely the diethyl(substituted phenyl/heteroaryl)(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)methylphosphonates derivatives 4(a⁻n). One-pot three component Kabachnik-Fields reactions were used to synthesize these derivatives. The reaction was carried out at room temperature by stirring in presence of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a green catalyst. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by spectral studies. The synthesized derivatives 4(a⁻n) were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against six human cancer cell lines by the SRB assay method. The cancer cell lines used in this research work are SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), IMR-32 (neuroblastoma) MG-63 (human osteosarcoma), HT-29 (human colon cancer) and Hep-G2 (human hepatoma). All the synthesized derivatives inhibited the cell proliferation. Importantly, all the target compounds showed no cytotoxicity towards normal tissue cells (GI50 > 250 µM). A docking study was performed to predict the mode of action. Docking results indicate that the compounds have good binding with the enzyme tyrosine kinase as well as with microtubules, which makes them dual inhibitors. The result of in-silico bioavailability studies suggests that the compounds from the present series have good oral drug-like properties and are non-toxic in nature. In vivo acute oral toxicity study results indicate that the compounds can be considered safe, and therefore could be developed in the future as good anticancer agents or as leads for the design and synthesis of novel anticancer agents.
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16
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Xia D, Lai DV, Wu W, Webb ZD, Yang Q, Zhao L, Yu Z, Thorpe JE, Disch BC, Ihnat MA, Jayaraman M, Dhanasekaran DN, Stratton KL, Cookson MS, Fung KM, Lin HK. Transition from androgenic to neurosteroidal action of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol through the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in prostate cancer progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:89-98. [PMID: 29155210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen ablation is the standard of care prescribed to patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to slow down disease progression. Unfortunately, a majority of PCa patients under androgen ablation progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several mechanisms including alternative intra-prostatic androgen production and androgen-independent androgen receptor (AR) activation have been proposed for CRPC progression. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), a multi-functional steroid metabolizing enzyme, is specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of PCa cells; and positive immunoreactivity of the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR), an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel, is detected on the membrane of PCa cells. We studied a total of 72 radical prostatectomy cases by immunohistochemistry, and identified that 21 cases exhibited positive immunoreactivities for both AKR1C3 and GABAAR. In the dual positive cancer cases, AKR1C3 and GABAAR subunit α1 were either expressed in the same cells or in neighboring cells. Among several possible substrates, AKR1C3 reduces 5α-dihydrotesterone (DHT) to form 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol). 3α-diol is a neurosteroid that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAAR in the central nervous system (CNS). We examined the hypothesis that 3α-diol-regulated pathological effects in the prostate are GABAAR-dependent, but are independent of the AR. In GABAAR-positive, AR-negative human PCa PC-3 cells, 3α-diol significantly stimulated cell growth in culture and the in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model. 3α-diol also up-regulated expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors and activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and Src as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Inclusion of GABAAR antagonists reversed 3α-diol-stimulated tumor cell growth, expression of EGF family members, and activation of EGFR and Src to the level observed in untreated cells. Results from the present study suggest that 3α-diol may act as an alternative intra-prostatic neurosteroid that activates AR-independent PCa progression. The involvement of AKR1C3-mediated steroid metabolisms in modulating GABAAR activation and promoting PCa progression requires continued studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Doan V Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Weijuan Wu
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zachary D Webb
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lichao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jessica E Thorpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | - Bryan C Disch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | | | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kelly L Stratton
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael S Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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17
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Nikalje APG, Tiwari SV, Sangshetti JN, Damale MD. Ultrasound-mediated synthesis, biological evaluation, docking and in vivo acute oral toxicity study of novel indolin-2-one coupled pyrimidine derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Devambatla RKV, Li W, Zaware N, Choudhary S, Hamel E, Mooberry SL, Gangjee A. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-4-amines as microtubule depolymerizing agents that are effective against multidrug resistant cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3423-3430. [PMID: 28610978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To identify the structural features of 9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles as microtubule depolymerizers, pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles 2-8 with varied substituents at the 2-, 4- and 5-positions were designed and synthesized. Nucleophilic displacement of 2,5-substituted-4-chloro-pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles with appropriate arylamines was the final step employed in the synthesis of target compounds 2-8. Compounds 2 and 6 had two-digit nanomolar potency (IC50) against MDA-MB-435, SK-OV-3 and HeLa cancer cells in vitro. Compounds 2 and 6 also depolymerized microtubules comparable to the lead compound 1. Compounds 2, 3, 6 and 8 were effective in cells expressing P-glycoprotein or the βIII isotype of tubulin, mechanisms that are associated with clinical drug resistance to microtubule targeting drugs. Proton NMR and molecular modeling studies were employed to identify the structural basis for the microtubule depolymerizing activity of pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Vyas Devambatla
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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19
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Zaware N, Kisliuk R, Bastian A, Ihnat MA, Gangjee A. Synthesis and evaluation of 5-(arylthio)-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamines as receptor tyrosine kinase and thymidylate synthase inhibitors and as antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1602-1607. [PMID: 28258797 PMCID: PMC5398096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to optimize the structural requirements for combined cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in single agents, a series of 5-(arylthio)-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamines 3-7 were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as well as thymidylate synthase (TS). The synthesis of these compounds involved the nucleophilic displacement of the common intermediate 5-bromo/5-chloro-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamine with appropriate aryl thiols. A novel four step synthetic scheme to the common intermediate was developed which is more efficient relative to the previously reported six-step sequence. Biological evaluation of these compounds indicated dual activity in RTKs and human TS (hTS). In the VEGFR-2 assay, compound 5 was equipotent to the standard compound semaxanib and was better than standard TS inhibitor pemetrexed, in the hTS assay. Compounds 3, 6 and 7 were nanomolar inhibitors of hTS and were several fold better than pemetrexed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Zaware
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Roy Kisliuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Anja Bastian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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20
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Tichý M, Smoleń S, Tloušt'ová E, Pohl R, Oždian T, Hejtmánková K, Lišková B, Gurská S, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Cytostatic and Antiviral Profiling of Thieno-Fused 7-Deazapurine Ribonucleosides. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2411-2424. [PMID: 28221790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two isomeric series of new thieno-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides (derived from 4-substituted thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and thieno[3',2':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines) were synthesized by a sequence involving Negishi coupling of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine with iodothiophenes, nucleophilic azidation, and cyclization of tetrazolopyrimidines, followed by glycosylation and cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitutions at position 4. Most nucleosides (from both isomeric series) exerted low micromolar or submicromolar in vitro cytostatic activities against a broad panel of cancer and leukemia cell lines and some antiviral activity against HCV. The most active were the 6-methoxy, 6-methylsulfanyl, and 6-methyl derivatives, which were highly active to cancer cells and less toxic or nontoxic to fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Smoleń
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Oždian
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hejtmánková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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21
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Pavana RK, Choudhary S, Bastian A, Ihnat MA, Bai R, Hamel E, Gangjee A. Discovery and preclinical evaluation of 7-benzyl-N-(substituted)-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines as single agents with microtubule targeting effects along with triple-acting angiokinase inhibition as antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:545-556. [PMID: 27894589 PMCID: PMC5191990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The utility of cytostatic antiangiogenic agents (AA) in cancer chemotherapy lies in their combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical combinations of AA with microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been particularly successful. The discovery, synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of 7-benzyl-N-substituted-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines are reported. Novel compounds which inhibit proangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), along with microtubule targeting in single molecules are described. These compounds also inhibited blood vessel formation in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and some potently inhibited tubulin assembly (with activity comparable to that of combretastatin A-4 (CA)). In addition, some of the analogs circumvent the most clinically relevant tumor resistance mechanisms (P-glycoprotein and β-III tubulin expression) to microtubule targeting agents (MTA). These MTAs bind at the colchicine site on tubulin. Two analogs displayed two to three digit nanomolar GI50 values across the entire NCI 60 tumor cell panel and one of these, compound 7, freely water soluble as its HCl salt, afforded excellent in vivo antitumor activity against an orthotopic triple negative 4T1 breast cancer model and was superior to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheeth Kumar Pavana
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Anja Bastian
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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22
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Bastian A, Matsuzaki S, Humphries KM, Pharaoh GA, Doshi A, Zaware N, Gangjee A, Ihnat MA. AG311, a small molecule inhibitor of complex I and hypoxia-induced HIF-1α stabilization. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:149-157. [PMID: 27939695 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have a unique metabolic profile and mitochondria have been shown to play an important role in chemoresistance, tumor progression and metastases. This unique profile can be exploited by mitochondrial-targeted anticancer therapies. A small anticancer molecule, AG311, was previously shown to possess anticancer and antimetastatic activity in two cancer mouse models and to induce mitochondrial depolarization. This study defines the molecular effects of AG311 on the mitochondria to elucidate its observed efficacy. AG311 was found to competitively inhibit complex I activity at the ubiquinone-binding site. Complex I as a target for AG311 was further established by measuring oxygen consumption rate in tumor tissue isolated from AG311-treated mice. Cotreatment of cells and animals with AG311 and dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor that increases oxidative metabolism, resulted in synergistic cell kill and reduced tumor growth. The inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption by AG311 was found to reduce HIF-1α stabilization by increasing oxygen tension in hypoxic conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that AG311 at least partially mediates its antitumor effect through inhibition of complex I, which could be exploited in its use as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bastian
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Gavin A Pharaoh
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Arpit Doshi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States.
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23
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Rohena CC, Risinger AL, Devambatla RKV, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Kaul R, Choudhary S, Gangjee A, Mooberry SL. Janus Compounds, 5-Chloro-N⁴-methyl-N⁴-aryl-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamines, Cause Both Microtubule Depolymerizing and Stabilizing Effects. Molecules 2016; 21:E1661. [PMID: 27918450 PMCID: PMC5470396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While evaluating a large library of compounds designed to inhibit microtubule polymerization, we identified four compounds that have unique effects on microtubules. These compounds cause mixed effects reminiscent of both microtubule depolymerizers and stabilizers. Immunofluorescence evaluations showed that each compound initially caused microtubule depolymerization and, surprisingly, with higher concentrations, microtubule bundles were also observed. There were subtle differences in the propensity to cause these competing effects among the compounds with a continuum of stabilizing and destabilizing effects. Tubulin polymerization experiments confirmed the differential effects and, while each of the compounds increased the initial rate of tubulin polymerization at high concentrations, total tubulin polymer was not enhanced at equilibrium, likely because of the dueling depolymerization effects. Modeling studies predict that the compounds bind to tubulin within the colchicine site and confirm that there are differences in their potential interactions that might underlie their distinct effects on microtubules. Due to their dual properties of microtubule stabilization and destabilization, we propose the name Janus for these compounds after the two-faced Roman god. The identification of synthetically tractable, small molecules that elicit microtubule stabilizing effects is a significant finding with the potential to identify new mechanisms of microtubule stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ravi Kumar Vyas Devambatla
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Nicholas F Dybdal-Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Roma Kaul
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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24
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Yang RX, Zhao YC, Kong LB, Yan SJ, Lin J. Simple Synthesis of Multi-Halogen Pyrazino[1,2- a]indole-1,8(2 H,5 aH)-diones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming 650091 PR China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming 650091 PR China
| | - Ling-Bin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming 650091 PR China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming 650091 PR China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming 650091 PR China
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25
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Zhang X, Raghavan S, Ihnat M, Hamel E, Zammiello C, Bastian A, Mooberry SL, Gangjee A. The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of conformationally restricted 4-substituted-2,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines as multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase and microtubule inhibitors as potential antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2408-23. [PMID: 25882519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of eleven conformationally restricted, 4-substituted 2,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines was designed to explore the bioactive conformation required for dual inhibition of microtubule assembly and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and their biological activities are reported. All three rotatable single bonds in the lead compound 1 were sequentially restricted to address the role of each in SAR for microtubule and RTK inhibitory effects. Compounds 2, 3, 7 and 10 showed microtubule depolymerizing activity comparable to or better than the lead 1, some with nanomolar EC50 values. While compound 8 had no effect on microtubules, 8 and 10 both showed potent RTK inhibition with nanomolar IC50s. These compounds confirm that the bioactive conformation for RTK inhibition is different from that for tubulin inhibition. The tetrahydroquinoline analog 10 showed the most potent dual tubulin and RTK inhibitory activities (low nanomolar inhibition of EGFR, VEGFR2 and PDGFR-β). Compound 10 has highly potent activity against many NCI cancer cell lines, including several chemo-resistant cell lines, and could serve as a lead for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Sudhir Raghavan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Michael Ihnat
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Cynthia Zammiello
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Anja Bastian
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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26
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Bastian A, Thorpe JE, Disch BC, Bailey-Downs LC, Gangjee A, Devambatla RKV, Henthorn J, Humphries KM, Vadvalkar SS, Ihnat MA. A small molecule with anticancer and antimetastatic activities induces rapid mitochondrial-associated necrosis in breast cancer. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:392-404. [PMID: 25720766 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy for treatment-resistant breast cancer provides limited options and the response rates are low. Therefore, the development of therapies with alternative chemotherapeutic strategies is necessary. AG311 (5-[(4-methylphenyl)thio]-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamine), a small molecule, is being investigated in preclinical and mechanistic studies for treatment of resistant breast cancer through necrosis, an alternative cell death mechanism. In vitro, AG311 induces rapid necrosis in numerous cancer cell lines as evidenced by loss of membrane integrity, ATP depletion, HMGB1 (high-mobility group protein B1) translocation, nuclear swelling, and stable membrane blebbing in breast cancer cells. Within minutes, exposure to AG311 also results in mitochondrial depolarization, superoxide production, and increased intracellular calcium levels. Additionally, upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation results in sensitization to AG311. This AG311-induced cell death can be partially prevented by treatment with the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor, Ru360 [(μ)[(HCO2)(NH3)4Ru]2OCl3], or an antioxidant, lipoic acid. Additionally, AG311 does not increase apoptotic markers such as cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) or caspase-3 and -7 activity. Importantly, in vivo studies in two orthotopic breast cancer mouse models (xenograft and allograft) demonstrate that AG311 retards tumor growth and reduces lung metastases better than clinically used agents and has no gross or histopathological toxicity. Together, these data suggest that AG311 is a first-in-class antitumor and antimetastatic agent inducing necrosis in breast cancer tumors, likely through the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bastian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Jessica E Thorpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Bryan C Disch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Lora C Bailey-Downs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Ravi K V Devambatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Jim Henthorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Shraddha S Vadvalkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B., J.E.T., B.C.D., M.A.I.), Department of Physiology (A.B.), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory (J.H.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; DormaTarg, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (B.C.D., L.C.B.D., M.A.I.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.G., R.K.V.D.); and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (K.M.H., S.S.V.)
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27
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Novel metal complexes of naphthalimide–cyclam conjugates as potential multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Zhang X, Raghavan S, Ihnat M, Thorpe JE, Disch BC, Bastian A, Bailey-Downs LC, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Rohena CC, Hamel E, Mooberry SL, Gangjee A. The design and discovery of water soluble 4-substituted-2,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines as multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and microtubule targeting antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3753-72. [PMID: 24890652 PMCID: PMC4089508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological evaluations of fourteen 4-substituted 2,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines are reported. Four compounds (11-13, 15) inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β), and target tubulin leading to cytotoxicity. Compound 11 has nanomolar potency, comparable to sunitinib and semaxinib, against tumor cell lines overexpressing VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-β. Further, 11 binds at the colchicine site on tubulin, depolymerizes cellular microtubules and inhibits purified tubulin assembly and overcomes both βIII-tubulin and P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance, and initiates mitotic arrest leading to apoptosis. In vivo, its HCl salt, 21, reduced tumor size and vascularity in xenograft and allograft murine models and was superior to docetaxel and sunitinib, without overt toxicity. Thus 21 affords potential combination chemotherapy in a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Sudhir Raghavan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Michael Ihnat
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Jessica E Thorpe
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Bryan C Disch
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Anja Bastian
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Lora C Bailey-Downs
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Nicholas F Dybdal-Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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29
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Gangjee A, Pavana RK, Ihnat MA, Thorpe JE, Disch BC, Bastian A, Bailey-Downs LC, Hamel E, Bai R. Discovery of antitubulin agents with antiangiogenic activity as single entities with multitarget chemotherapy potential. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:480-4. [PMID: 24900865 DOI: 10.1021/ml4004793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic agents (AA) are cytostatic, and their utility in cancer chemotherapy lies in their combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical combinations of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors with antitubulin agents have been particularly successful. We have discovered a novel, potentially important analogue, that combines potent VEGFR2 inhibitory activity (comparable to that of sunitinib) with potent antitubulin activity (comparable to that of combretastatin A-4 (CA)) in a single molecule, with GI50 values of 10(-7) M across the entire NCI 60 tumor cell panel. It potently inhibited tubulin assembly and circumvented the most clinically relevant tumor resistance mechanisms (P-glycoprotein and β-III tubulin expression) to antimicrotubule agents. The compound is freely water-soluble as its HCl salt and afforded excellent antitumor activity in vivo, superior to docetaxel, sunitinib, or Temozolomide, without any toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Roheeth Kumar Pavana
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Michael A. Ihnat
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Jessica E. Thorpe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | | | - Anja Bastian
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Lora C. Bailey-Downs
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening
Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for
Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Rouli Bai
- Screening
Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for
Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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30
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Zaware N, Sharma H, Yang J, Devambatla RKV, Queener SF, Anderson KS, Gangjee A. Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii thymidylate synthase for opportunistic infections. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1148-1151. [PMID: 24470841 DOI: 10.1021/ml400208v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (tg) can lead to toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients such as organ transplant, cancer and HIV/AIDS patients. The bifunctional thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) enzyme is crucial for nucleotide synthesis in T. gondii, and represents a potential target to combat T. gondii infection. While species selectivity with drugs has been attained for DHFR, TS is much more conserved across species and specificity is significantly more challenging. We discovered novel substituted-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles 1-3 with single-digit nanomolar Ki for tgTS, two of which, 2 and 3, are 28- and 122-fold selective over human TS (hTS). The synthesis of these compounds, and their structures in complex with tgTS-DHFR are presented along with binding measurements and cell culture data. These results show, for the very first time, that in spite of the high degree of conservation of active site residues between hTS and the parasite TS, specificity has been accomplished via novel structures and provides a new target (TS) for selective drug development against parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Zaware
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Hitesh Sharma
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Ravi Kumar Vyas Devambatla
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Sherry F. Queener
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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31
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Naphthalimides exhibit in vitro antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities by inhibiting both topoisomerase II (topo II) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:477-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Jia F, Hong J, Sun PH, Chen JX, Chen WM. Facile Synthesis of the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Peramivir. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2012.729279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jia
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Juan Hong
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
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33
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Synthesis and biological activity of benzo-fused 7-deazaadenosine analogues. 5- and 6-substituted 4-amino- or 4-alkylpyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5362-72. [PMID: 23827234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of new 4-aminopyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides bearing phenyl or hetaryl group at position 5 or 6 have been prepared by Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling reactions employing X-Phos ligand with (het)arylboronic acids or stannanes. A series of 4-substituted nucleosides has been also prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitution. Some of these compounds displayed moderate antiviral activities against HCV and dengue viruses.
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34
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Du QR, Li DD, Pi YZ, Li JR, Sun J, Fang F, Zhong WQ, Gong HB, Zhu HL. Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether derivatives targeting thymidylate synthase as dual anticancer/antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2286-2297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Gangjee A, Zaware N, Raghavan S, Disch BC, Thorpe JE, Bastian A, Ihnat MA. Synthesis and biological activity of 5-chloro-N⁴-substituted phenyl-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamines as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1857-64. [PMID: 23434139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways is an important area for the development of novel anticancer agents. Numerous multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been recently approved for the treatment of cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is the principal mediator of tumor angiogenesis. In an effort to develop ATP-competitive VEGFR-2 selective inhibitors the 5-chloro-N(4)-substituted phenyl-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamine scaffold was designed. The synthesis of the target compounds involved N-(4,5-dichloro-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide) as a common intermediate. A nucleophilic displacement of the 4-chloro group of the common intermediate by appropriately substituted anilines afforded the target compounds. Biological evaluation indicated that compound 5 is a potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor comparable to sunitinib and semaxinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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36
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Tichý M, Pohl R, Xu HY, Chen YL, Yokokawa F, Shi PY, Hocek M. Synthesis and antiviral activity of 4,6-disubstituted pyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6123-33. [PMID: 22985963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new pyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides bearing phenyl or hetaryl group at position 4 has been prepared by selective Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of the corresponding protected 4,6-dichloropyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleoside with (het)arylboronic acids or stannanes followed by deprotection. Further cross-couplings under harsher conditions and employing X-Phos ligand proceeded at the position 6 leading to 4,6-disubstituted pyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides. Some of these compounds displayed antiviral activity against Dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Gangjee A, Zhao Y, Ihnat MA, Thorpe JE, Bailey-Downs LC, Kisliuk RL. Novel tricyclic indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidines with dual antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activities as potent antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4217-25. [PMID: 22739090 PMCID: PMC3397428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We designed, synthesized and evaluated 13 novel tricyclic indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidines as RTK inhibitors. These analogues were synthesized via a Dieckmann condensation of 1,2-phenylenediacetonitrile followed by cyclocondensation with guanidine carbonate to afford the 2-amino-3,9-dihydro-indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidin-4-one. Sulfonation of the 4-position followed by displacement with appropriately substituted anilines afforded the target compounds. These compounds were potent inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) and inhibited angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantonic membrane (CAM) assay compared to standards. In addition, compound 7 had a two digit nanomolar GI(50) against nine tumor cell lines, a submicromolar GI(50) against 29 of other tumor cell lines in the preclinical NCI 60 tumor cell line panel. Compound 7 also demonstrated significant in vivo inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis in a B16-F10 syngeneic mouse melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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Gangjee A, Zaware N, Raghavan S, Yang J, Thorpe JE, Ihnat MA. N⁴-(3-Bromophenyl)-7-(substituted benzyl) pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2444-54. [PMID: 22370340 PMCID: PMC3310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of developing multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that display potent inhibition against PDGFRβ and VEGFR-2 we designed and synthesized eleven N(4)-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(substitutedbenzyl) pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 9a-19a. These compounds were obtained from the key intermediate N(4)-(3-bromophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 29. Various arylmethyl groups were regiospecifically attached at the N7 of 29 via sodium hydride induced alkylation with substituted arylmethyl halides. Compounds 11a and 19a were potent dual inhibitors of PDGFRβ and VEGFR-2. In a COLO-205, in vivo tumor mouse model 11a demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis that was better than or comparable to the standard compound TSU-68 (SU6668, 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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Gabriele B, Veltri L, Mancuso R, Salerno G, Costa M. A General Synthesis of Indole-3-carboxylic Esters by Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Carbonylation of 2-Alkynylaniline Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Luan X, Gao C, Zhang N, Chen Y, Sun Q, Tan C, Liu H, Jin Y, Jiang Y. Exploration of acridine scaffold as a potentially interesting scaffold for discovering novel multi-target VEGFR-2 and Src kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3312-9. [PMID: 21576023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
VEGFR-2 and Src kinases both play important roles in cancers. In certain cancers, Src works synergistically with VEGFR-2 to promote its activation. Development of multi-target drugs against VEGFR-2 and Src is of therapeutic advantage against these cancers. By using molecular docking and SVM virtual screening methods and based on subsequent synthesis and bioassay studies, we identified 9-aminoacridine derivatives with an acridine scaffold as potentially interesting novel dual VEGFR-2 and Src inhibitors. The acridine scaffold has been historically used for deriving topoisomerase inhibitors, but has not been found in existing VEGFR-2 inhibitors and Src inhibitors. A series of 21 acridine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against K562, HepG-2, and MCF-7 cells. Some of these compounds showed better activities against K562 cells in vitro than imatinib. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds were analyzed. One of the compounds (7r) showed low μM activity against K562 and HepG-2 cancer cell-lines, and inhibited VEGFR-2 and Src at inhibition rates of 44% and 8% at 50μM, respectively, without inhibition of topoisomerase. Moreover, 10μM compound 7r could reduce the levels of activated ERK1/2 in a time dependant manner, a downstream effector of both VEGFR-2 and Src. Our study suggested that acridine scaffold is a potentially interesting scaffold for developing novel multi-target kinase inhibitors such as VEGFR-2 and Src dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Luan
- The Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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Gao M, Lola CM, Wang M, Miller KD, Sledge GW, Zheng QH. Radiosynthesis of [11C]Vandetanib and [11C]chloro-Vandetanib as new potential PET agents for imaging of VEGFR in cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3222-6. [PMID: 21549594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vandetanib (ZD6474) and its chlorine analogue chloro-Vandetanib are potent and selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors with low nanomolar IC(50) values. [(11)C]Vandetanib and [(11)C]chloro-Vandetanib, new potential PET agents for imaging of VEGFR in cancer, were first designed, synthesized and labeled at nitrogen and oxygen positions from their corresponding N- and O-des-methylated precursors, in 40-50% decay corrected radiochemical yield and 370-555GBq/μmol specific activity at end of bombardment (EOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Gao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, Room 202, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Gupta R, Jain A, Joshi R, Jain M. Eco-friendly Solventless Synthesis of 5-Indolylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinones and Their Antimicrobial Activity. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.3.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gangjee A, Zhao Y, Raghavan S, Ihnat MA, Disch BC. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 2-amino-4-m-bromoanilino-6-arylmethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5261-73. [PMID: 20558072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-amino-4-m-bromoanilino-6-benzyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines analogues 4-12 were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). These analogues were synthesized from the appropriate alpha-bromomethylbenzylketones via cyclocondensation with 2,6-diamino-4-pyrimidone to afford the 2-amino-4-oxo-6-substituted benzyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Chlorination at the 4-position followed by displacement with 3-bromoaniline or 3-bromo-N-methylaniline and methylation of the 7-NH afforded the target compounds. Remarkably, dimethylation of both the 4-N and N7 afford whole cell EGFR inhibitors that are more cytotoxic than clinically used erlotinib and mono-methylation at the 4-N or N7 affords more cytotoxic whole cell PDGFR-beta inhibitors than clinically used sunitinib. Methylation at either the 4-N or N7 position was detrimental to whole cell VEGFR-2 inhibition. The inhibitory data against the RTKs in this study demonstrates that methylation of the 4-NH and/or the 7-NH influences both the specificity and potency of RTK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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