1
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Emadi R, Bahrami Nekoo A, Molaverdi F, Khorsandi Z, Sheibani R, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Applications of palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18715-18733. [PMID: 37346956 PMCID: PMC10280806 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
C-N cross-coupling bond formation reactions have become valuable approaches to synthesizing anilines and their derivatives, known as important chemical compounds. Recent developments in this field have focused on versatile catalysts, simple operation methods, and green reaction conditions. This review article presents an overview of C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compound synthesis reports. Selected examples of N-arylation reactions of various nitrogen-based compounds and aryl halides are defined for preparing pharmaceutical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Emadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Bahrami Nekoo
- Nanoalvand Pharmaceutical Company, Department of Quality Control, Unit of Raw Materials Simindasht Alborz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaverdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, Tehran University Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Khorsandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
| | - Reza Sheibani
- Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus University St., Nahiyeh san'ati Mahshahr Khouzestan Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
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2
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Diels–Alder Adducts of Morphinan-6,8-Dienes and Their Transformations. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092863. [PMID: 35566212 PMCID: PMC9102320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
6,14-ethenomorphinans are semisynthetic opiate derivatives containing an ethylene bridge between positions 6 and 14 in ring-C of the morphine skeleton that imparts a rigid molecular structure. These compounds represent an important family of opioid receptor ligands in which the 6,14-etheno bridged structural motif originates from a [4 + 2] cycloaddition of morphinan-6,8-dienes with dienophiles. Certain 6,14-ethenomorphinans having extremely high affinity for opioid receptors are often non-selective for opioid receptor subtypes, but this view is now undergoing some revision. The agonist 20R-etorphine and 20R-dihydroetorphine are several thousand times more potent analgesics than morphine, whereas diprenorphine is a high-affinity non-selective antagonist. The partial agonist buprenorphine is used as an analgesic in the management of post-operative pain or in substitution therapy for opiate addiction, sometimes in combination with the non-selective antagonist naloxone. In the context of the current opioid crisis, we communicated a summary of several decades of work toward generating opioid analgesics with lesser side effects or abuse potential. Our summary placed a focus on Diels–Alder reactions of morphinan-6,8-dienes and subsequent transformations of the cycloadducts. We also summarized the pharmacological aspects of radiolabeled 6,14-ethenomorphinans used in molecular imaging of opioid receptors.
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3
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Nahra F, Cazin CSJ. Sustainability in Ru- and Pd-based catalytic systems using N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3094-3142. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review is a critical presentation of catalysts based on palladium and ruthenium bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that have enabled a more sustainable approach to catalysis and to catalyst uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Nahra
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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4
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Ng JPL, Coghi P, Law BYK, Liu L, Wong VKW. The present and future synthetic strategies of structural modifications of sinomenine. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00785d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the modifications of sinomenine, a hot compound derived from herbal plants, which possesses diverse biological activities and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome P. L. Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Macau University of Science and Technology
- Taipa
- China
| | - Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy
- Macau University of Science and Technology
- Taipa
- China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Macau University of Science and Technology
- Taipa
- China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Macau University of Science and Technology
- Taipa
- China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Macau University of Science and Technology
- Taipa
- China
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5
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Agnetta L, Bermudez M, Riefolo F, Matera C, Claro E, Messerer R, Littmann T, Wolber G, Holzgrabe U, Decker M. Fluorination of Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonists Tunes Receptor Pharmacology and Photochromic Properties. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3009-3020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Claro
- Institut de Neurociències (INc) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regina Messerer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Bera I, Marathe MV, Payghan PV, Ghoshal N. Identification of novel hits as highly prospective dual agonists for mu and kappa opioid receptors: an integrated in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:279-301. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1275810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Bera
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Pavan V. Payghan
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nanda Ghoshal
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata 700032, India
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7
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Abstract
![]()
Pd-catalyzed
cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds
have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives,
an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key
factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued
development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under
operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides
an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic
and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples
of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based
coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis
of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products,
organic materials, and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruiz-Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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Multitarget opioid ligands in pain relief: New players in an old game. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:211-228. [PMID: 26656913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Still nowadays pain is one of the most common disabling conditions and yet it remains too often unsolved. Analgesic opioid drugs, and mainly MOR agonists such as morphine, are broadly employed for pain management. MOR activation, however, has been seen to cause not only analgesia but also undesired side effects. A potential pain treatment option is represented by the simultaneous targeting of different opioid receptors. In fact, ligands possessing multitarget capabilities led to an improved pharmacological fingerprint. This review focuses on the examination of multitarget opioid ligands which have been distinguished in peptide and non-peptide and further listed as bivalent and bifunctional ligands. Moreover, the potential of these compounds, both as analgesic drugs and pharmacological tools to explore heteromer receptors, has been stressed.
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9
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Huang G, Nimczick M, Decker M. Rational Modification of the Biological Profile of GPCR Ligands through Combination with Other Biologically Active Moieties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:531-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Huang
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Nimczick
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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10
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Nimczick M, Decker M. New Approaches in the Design and Development of Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands: Multifunctional and Bivalent Compounds. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:773-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Bruneau A, Roche M, Alami M, Messaoudi S. 2-Aminobiphenyl Palladacycles: The “Most Powerful” Precatalysts in C–C and C–Heteroatom Cross-Couplings. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs502011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bruneau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Maxime Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR 8076, 5 rue
J.-B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
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12
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Huang G, Pemp D, Stadtmüller P, Nimczick M, Heilmann J, Decker M. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel uni- and bivalent ligands for the cannabinoid receptor type 1 with variation of spacer length and structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4209-14. [PMID: 25096297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Using rimonabant, a potent inverse agonist for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), as parent ligand, a series of novel univalent and bivalent ligands were designed by variation of spacer length and its chemical structure. The ligands synthesized were evaluated for affinity and selectivity by radioligand displacement and a functional steady-state GTPase assay. The results showed the nature of the spacer influences the biological readout. Albeit all compounds show significantly lower affinities than rimonabant, this fact could be used to demonstrate that affinities and selectivity are influenced by the chemical structure and length of the spacer and might be helpful for designing bivalent probes for other GPCR receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Huang
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Pemp
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Stadtmüller
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Nimczick
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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13
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Nimczick M, Pemp D, Darras FH, Chen X, Heilmann J, Decker M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bivalent cannabinoid receptor ligands based on hCB₂R selective benzimidazoles reveal unexpected intrinsic properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3938-46. [PMID: 24984935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The design of bivalent ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) often leads to the development of new, highly selective and potent compounds. To date, no bivalent ligands for the human cannabinoid receptor type 2 (hCB₂R) of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are described. Therefore, two sets of homobivalent ligands containing as parent structure the hCB2R selective agonist 13a and coupled at different attachment positions were synthesized. Changes of the parent structure at these positions have a crucial effect on the potency and efficacy of the ligands. However, we discovered that bivalency has an influence on the effect at both cannabinoid receptors. Moreover, we found out that the spacer length and the attachment position altered the efficacy of the bivalent ligands at the receptors by turning agonists into antagonists and inverse agonists.
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MESH Headings
- Benzimidazoles/chemical synthesis
- Benzimidazoles/chemistry
- Benzimidazoles/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nimczick
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Pemp
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fouad H Darras
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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14
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Sromek AW, Provencher BA, Russell S, Chartoff E, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Neumeyer JL. Preliminary pharmacological evaluation of enantiomeric morphinans. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:93-9. [PMID: 24393077 DOI: 10.1021/cn400205z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of levo- and dextromorphinan pairs have been synthesized and evaluated for their affinities to the mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channel, and sigma 1 and 2 receptors. It was found that levo isomers tended to have higher affinities at the opioid receptors and moderate to high affinities to the NMDA and sigma receptors, while dextro isomers tended to have lower affinities to the opioid receptors but comparatively higher affinities to the NMDA and sigma receptors. This series of compounds have interesting and complex pharmacological profiles, and merit further investigation as potential therapies for drug abuse treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian I. Knapp
- Department
of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jean M. Bidlack
- Department
of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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15
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Valente C, Pompeo M, Sayah M, Organ MG. Carbon–Heteroatom Coupling Using Pd-PEPPSI Complexes. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op400278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory Valente
- The Dow Chemical
Company, 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States 19426
| | - Matthew Pompeo
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Sayah
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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16
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Neumeyer JL, Zhang B, Zhang T, Sromek AW, Knapp BI, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM. Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3878-90. [PMID: 22439881 PMCID: PMC3375359 DOI: 10.1021/jm3001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphinan (I) and 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphine (II) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities, and functional activity data are presented at MOR, KOR, and DOR. Some of these ligands were found to have high binding affinity at MOR and KOR and displayed increased selectivity at MOR over KOR and DOR compared to butorphan or cyclorphan. The most selective compound, 3-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-methylmorphinan (4g) (24-fold MOR to KOR and 1700-fold MOR to DOR) also showed high binding affinity (0.42 nM to MOR) and was a full agonist in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. 2-(3'-Hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan (17) was found to be a KOR-selective ligand (150-fold over MOR and >10000-fold over the DORs). Most 3-benzylaminomorphinan derivatives were partial agonists at MOR and full agonists at KOR in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Neumeyer
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106, USA.
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17
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Valente C, Calimsiz S, Hoi KH, Mallik D, Sayah M, Organ MG. The development of bulky palladium NHC complexes for the most-challenging cross-coupling reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3314-32. [PMID: 22287485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions enable organic chemists to form C-C bonds in targeted positions and under mild conditions. Although phosphine ligands have been intensively researched, in the search for even better cross-coupling catalysts attention has recently turned to the use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, which form a strong bond to the palladium center. PEPPSI (pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation, stabilization, and initiation) palladium precatalysts with bulky NHC ligands have established themselves as successful alternatives to palladium phosphine complexes. This Review shows the success of these species in Suzuki-Miyaura, Negishi, and Stille-Migita cross-couplings as well as in amination and sulfination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Valente
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Valente C, Çalimsiz S, Hoi KH, Mallik D, Sayah M, Organ MG. Die Entwicklung raumerfüllender Palladium-NHC-Komplexe für anspruchsvollste Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-third consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2010 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Kusuma BR, Duerfeldt AS, Blagg BSJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of arylated novobiocin analogs as Hsp90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7170-4. [PMID: 22014546 PMCID: PMC3242434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novobiocin analogs lacking labile glycosidic ether have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for Hsp90 inhibitory activity. Replacement of the synthetically complex noviose sugar with simple aromatic side chains produced analogs that maintain moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF7 and SkBR3 breast cancer cell-lines. Rationale for the preparation of des-noviose novobiocin analogs in addition to their synthesis and biological evaluation are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Reddy Kusuma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 4070, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563
| | - Adam S. Duerfeldt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 4070, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563
| | - Brian S. J Blagg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 4070, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563
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21
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Tang Z, Mayrargue J, Alami M. Synthesis of novel piperidyl spirofused benzofurans/benzopyrans by radical cyclization. J Heterocycl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Twin and triplet drugs are defined as compounds that contain respectively two and three pharmacophore components exerting pharmacological effects in a molecule. The twin drug bearing the same pharmacophores is a "symmetrical twin drug", whereas that possessing different pharmacophores is a "nonsymmetrical twin drug." In general, the symmetrical twin drug is expected to produce more potent and/or selective pharmacological effects, whereas the nonsymmetrical twin drug is anticipated to show both pharmacological activities stemming from the individual pharmacophores (dual action). On the other hand, nonsymmetrical triplet drugs, which have two of the same pharmacophores and one different moiety, are expected to elicit both increased pharmacological action and dual action. The two identical portions could bind the same receptor sites simultaneously while the third portion could bind a different receptor site or enzyme. This review will mainly focus on the twin and triplet drugs with an evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological effects, and will also include a description of their pharmacology and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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23
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Shonberg J, Scammells PJ, Capuano B. Design strategies for bivalent ligands targeting GPCRs. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:963-74. [PMID: 21520422 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed bivalent ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimeric structures have become increasingly popular in recent literature. The advantages of the bivalent approach are numerous, including enhanced potency and receptor subtype specificity. However, the use of bivalent ligands as potential pharmacotherapeutics is limited by problematic molecular properties, such as high molecular weight and lipophilicity. This minireview focuses on the design of bivalent ligands recently described in the literature; discussing the choice of lead pharmacophore, the position and nature of the attachment point for linking the two pharmacophore units, and the length and composition of the spacer group. Furthermore, this minireview distils the molecular descriptors of the bivalent ligands that exhibit in vivo activity, as well as highlights their ability to access the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Chen X, Tikhonova IG, Decker M. Probing the mid-gorge of cholinesterases with spacer-modified bivalent quinazolinimines leads to highly potent and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:1222-35. [PMID: 21232964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The spacer structure of homobivalent quinazolinimes acting as potent acetyl-(AChE)- and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors was chemically modified introducing tertiary amine and acyl-amide moieties, and the activities at both ChEs were evaluated. Molecular docking was applied to explain the data and probe the capacity of the mid-gorge site of both ChEs. The novel spacer structures considerably alter the biological profile of bivalent quinazolinimines with regard to both inhibitory activity and selectivity. Mutual interaction of binding to the various sites of the enzymes was further investigated by applying also different spacer lengths and ring sizes of the alicycle of the tricyclic quinazolinimines. In order to achieve selectivity toward BChE and to improve inhibitory activities, the spacer structure was optimized and identified a highly potent and selective BChE inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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25
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Naber JR, Buchwald SL. Packed-Bed Reactors for Continuous-Flow CN Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9469-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Naber JR, Buchwald SL. Packed-Bed Reactors for Continuous-Flow CN Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hupp CD, Neumeyer JL. Rapid access to morphinones: removal of 4, 5-ether bridge with Pd-catalyzed triflate reduction. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:2359-2361. [PMID: 20495617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic method for the removal of the 4, 5-bridged ether moiety of several opioids has been developed. This process offers a faster, simpler synthetic route to obtain the morphinone scaffold in high yields without the need for protection of the ketone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Hupp
- Medicinal Chemistry Program, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
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