1
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Laghezza A, Cerchia C, Genovese M, Montanari R, Capelli D, Wackerlig J, Simic S, Falbo E, Pecora L, Leuci R, Brunetti L, Piemontese L, Tortorella P, Biswas A, Singh RP, Tambe S, Sudeep CA, Pattnaik AK, Jayaprakash V, Paoli P, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. A chemical modification of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan agonist produced a shift to a new dual alpha/gamma partial agonist endowed with mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition and antidiabetic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116567. [PMID: 38865743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
New analogs of the PPAR pan agonist AL29-26 encompassed ligand (S)-7 showing potent activation of PPARα and -γ subtypes as a partial agonist. In vitro experiments and docking studies in the presence of PPAR antagonists were performed to help interpretation of biological data and investigate the main interactions at the binding sites. Further in vitro experiments showed that (S)-7 induced anti-steatotic effects and enhancement of the glucose uptake. This latter effect could be partially ascribed to a significant inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier demonstrating that (S)-7 also acted through insulin-independent mechanisms. In vivo experiments showed that this compound reduced blood glucose and lipid levels in a diabetic mice model displaying no toxicity on bone, kidney, and liver. To our knowledge, this is the first example of dual PPARα/γ partial agonist showing these combined effects representing, therefore, the potential lead of new drugs for treatment of dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Simic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emanuele Falbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Pecora
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rosalba Leuci
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Abanish Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Ravi Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Suhas Tambe
- Adgyl Lifescience Private Ltd., Bengaluru, 560058, India
| | - C A Sudeep
- Bioanalytical Section, Eurofins Advinus Biopharma Services India Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, 560058, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pattnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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Sharma K, Panwar U, Madhavi M, Joshi I, Chopra I, Soni L, Khan A, Bhrdwaj A, Parihar AS, Mohan VP, Prajapati L, Sharma R, Agrawal S, Hussain T, Nayarisseri A, Singh SK. Unveiling the ESR1 Conformational Stability and Screening Potent Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment. Med Chem 2024; 20:352-368. [PMID: 37929724 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064256978231024062937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study recognizes the significance of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as a member of the nuclear receptor protein family, which holds a central role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. ERα serves as a valuable prognostic marker, with its established relevance in predicting disease outcomes and treatment responses. METHODS In this study, computational methods are utilized to search for suitable drug-like compounds that demonstrate analogous ligand binding kinetics to ERα. RESULTS Docking-based simulation screened out the top 5 compounds - ZINC13377936, NCI35753, ZINC35465238, ZINC14726791, and NCI663569 against the targeted protein. Further, their dynamics studies reveal that the compounds ZINC13377936 and NCI35753 exhibit the highest binding stability and affinity. CONCLUSION Anticipating the competitive inhibition of ERα protein expression in breast cancer, we envision that both ZINC13377936 and NCI35753 compounds hold substantial promise as potential therapeutic agents. These candidates warrant thorough consideration for rigorous In vitro and In vivo evaluations within the context of clinical trials. The findings from this current investigation carry significant implications for the advancement of future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Sharma
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umesh Panwar
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maddala Madhavi
- Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Isha Joshi
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishita Chopra
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye Street, NW Washington, D.C. - 20037, USA
| | - Lovely Soni
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshiya Khan
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anushka Bhrdwaj
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhyuday Singh Parihar
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeth Pazharathu Mohan
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Leena Prajapati
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Agrawal
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences Pvt Ltd., Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Capelli D, Cazzaniga G, Mori M, Laghezza A, Loiodice F, Quaglia M, Negro E, Meneghetti F, Villa S, Montanari R. Biological Screening and Crystallographic Studies of Hydroxy γ-Lactone Derivatives to Investigate PPARγ Phosphorylation Inhibition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040694. [PMID: 37189440 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ represents a key target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. To avoid serious adverse effects related to the PPARγ agonism profile of traditional antidiabetic drugs, a new opportunity is represented by the development of molecules acting as inhibitors of PPARγ phosphorylation by the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). Their mechanism of action is mediated by the stabilization of the PPARγ β-sheet containing Ser273 (Ser245 in PPARγ isoform 1 nomenclature). In this paper, we report the identification of new γ-hydroxy-lactone-based PPARγ binders from the screening of an in-house library. These compounds exhibit a non-agonist profile towards PPARγ, and one of them prevents Ser245 PPARγ phosphorylation by acting mainly on PPARγ stabilization and exerting a weak CDK5 inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9-00010, Montelibretti, 34149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cazzaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Quaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Negro
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9-00010, Montelibretti, 34149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9-00010, Montelibretti, 34149 Rome, Italy
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4
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Lin S, Zhao X, He L, Li X, Jiang Q, Xiang L, Ye Y, Gan X. Palladium-catalyzed allylic etherification of phenols with vinyl ethylene carbonate. Front Chem 2022; 10:962355. [PMID: 35936101 PMCID: PMC9354801 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.962355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative reactions of phenols and vinyl ethylene carbonate to produce allylic aryl ethers under mild conditions have been established. Adopting an inexpensive PdCl2(dppf) catalyst promotes the efficient conversion of phenols to the corresponding allylic aryl ethers via the formation of a new C-O bond in good isolated yields with complete regioselectivities, acceptable functional group tolerance and operational simplicity. The robust procedure could be completed smoothly by conducting a scaled-up reaction with comparable efficiency to afford the target product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongqin Ye
- *Correspondence: Yongqin Ye, ; Xiaohong Gan,
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5
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Organocatalytic stereoselective cyanosilylation of small ketones. Nature 2022; 605:84-89. [PMID: 35508776 PMCID: PMC9068509 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic stereoselectivity has typically been unrivalled by most chemical catalysts, especially in the conversion of small substrates. According to the ‘lock-and-key theory’1,2, enzymes have confined active sites to accommodate their specific reacting substrates, a feature that is typically absent from chemical catalysts. An interesting case in this context is the formation of cyanohydrins from ketones and HCN, as this reaction can be catalysed by various classes of catalysts, including biological, inorganic and organic ones3–7. We now report the development of broadly applicable confined organocatalysts for the highly enantioselective cyanosilylation of aromatic and aliphatic ketones, including the challenging 2-butanone. The selectivity (98:2 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.)) obtained towards its pharmaceutically relevant product is unmatched by any other catalyst class, including engineered biocatalysts. Our results indicate that confined chemical catalysts can be designed that are as selective as enzymes in converting small, unbiased substrates, while still providing a broad scope. The development of confined organocatalysts for the enantioselective cyanosilylation of small, unbiased substrates, including 2-butanone, is shown to lead to catalysts that are as selective as enzymes, with excellent levels of control.
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6
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Yadav M, Abdalla M, Madhavi M, Chopra I, Bhrdwaj A, Soni L, Shaheen U, Prajapati L, Sharma M, Sikarwar MS, Albogami S, Hussain T, Nayarisseri A, Singh SK. Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Pharmacokinetic modelling of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor for the clinical treatment of Colorectal Cancer. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2068799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Yadav
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR People’s Republic of China
| | - Maddala Madhavi
- Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Ishita Chopra
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences Pvt Ltd, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anushka Bhrdwaj
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lovely Soni
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Uzma Shaheen
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Leena Prajapati
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Sharma
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences Pvt Ltd, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Mukherjee S, Abdalla M, Yadav M, Madhavi M, Bhrdwaj A, Khandelwal R, Prajapati L, Panicker A, Chaudhary A, Albrakati A, Hussain T, Nayarisseri A, Singh SK. Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of VEGF inhibitors for the clinical treatment of Ovarian Cancer. J Mol Model 2022; 28:100. [PMID: 35325303 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor play an important role both in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, which is identified in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis development. The aim of the present investigation is to identify a potential vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor which is playing a crucial role in stimulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor cells of the ovary and to examine the effectiveness of the identified inhibitor for the treatment of ovarian cancer using various in silico approaches. Twelve established VEGF inhibitors were collected from various literatures. The compound AEE788 displays great affinity towards the target protein as a result of docking study. AEE788 was further used for structure-based virtual screening in order to obtain a more structurally similar compound with high affinity. Among the 80 virtual screened compounds, CID 88265020 explicates much better affinity than the established compound AEE788. Based on molecular dynamics simulation, pharmacophore and comparative toxicity analysis of both the best established compound and the best virtual screened compound displayed a trivial variation in associated properties. The virtual screened compound CID 88265020 has a high affinity with the lowest re-rank score and holds a huge potential to inhibit the VGFR and can be implemented for prospective future investigations in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mukherjee
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Manasi Yadav
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maddala Madhavi
- Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500001, Telangana, India
| | - Anushka Bhrdwaj
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravina Khandelwal
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Leena Prajapati
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aravind Panicker
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aashish Chaudhary
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences Pvt Ltd, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore, 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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P P, Justin A, Ananda Kumar TD, Chinaswamy M, Kumar BRP. Glitazones Activate PGC-1α Signaling via PPAR-γ: A Promising Strategy for Antiparkinsonism Therapeutics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2261-2272. [PMID: 34125534 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding various aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD) by researchers could lead to a better understanding of the disease and provide treatment alternatives that could significantly improve the quality of life of patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders. Significant progress has been made in recent years toward this goal, but there is yet no available treatment with confirmed neuroprotective effects. Recent studies have shown the potential of PPARγ agonists, which are the ligand activated transcriptional factor of the nuclear hormone superfamily, as therapeutic targets for various neurodegenerative disorders. The activation of central PGC-1α mediates the potential role against neurogenerative diseases like PD, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and the role of glitazones in the activation of PGC-1α signaling could lead to a novel therapeutic interventions against PD. Keeping this aspect in focus, the present review highlights the pathogenic mechanism of PD and the role of glitazones in the activation of PGC-1α via PPARγ for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabitha P
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
| | - Antony Justin
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu 643 001, India
| | - T. Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
| | - Mithuna Chinaswamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
| | - B. R. Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
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Wang Y, Lin Z, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Electro-oxidative Intermolecular Allylic C(sp 3)-H Aminations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15935-15945. [PMID: 34077219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative intermolecular nitrogenation of C(sp3)-H bonds represents one of the most straightforward strategies to construct nitrogen-containing molecules. However, a sacrificial chemical oxidant is generally required. Herein, we describe electrochemical oxidative intermolecular allylic C(sp3)-H aminations in an undivided cell by electric current. The cross-dehydrogenative amination proceeded efficiently with ample scope under metal- and chemical oxidant-free reaction conditions, giving molecular H2 as the only byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - João C A Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Montanari R, Capelli D, Yamamoto K, Awaishima H, Nishikata K, Barendregt A, Heck AJR, Loiodice F, Altieri F, Paiardini A, Grottesi A, Pirone L, Pedone E, Peiretti F, Brunel JM, Itoh T, Pochetti G. Insights into PPARγ Phosphorylation and Its Inhibition Mechanism. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4811-4823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hirono Awaishima
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kimina Nishikata
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Arjan Barendregt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science4Life, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science4Life, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France
| | | | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen,
Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
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11
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Zhang J, Chen L, Dong Y, Yang J, Wu Y. A Cu 2O/TBAB-promoted approach to synthesize heteroaromatic 2-amines via one-pot cyclization of aryl isothiocyanates with ortho-substituted amines in water. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7425-7430. [PMID: 32936165 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach to synthesize heteroaromatic 2-amines from one-pot desulfurization/dehydrogenative cyclization of aryl isothiocyanates with ortho-substituted amines in water was developed. This approach tolerated a wide range of functional groups on the aromatic ring, providing a practical and environment-friendly process to synthesize heteroaromatic 2-amines in moderate to excellent yields. A plausible mechanism was proposed and the role of TBAB and Cu2O in the present strategy was suggested with the help of ESI mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China. and College of Chemistry, Green Catalytic Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.
| | - Yibo Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.
| | - Jinchen Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalytic Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China. and College of Chemistry, Green Catalytic Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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12
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Definition of functionally and structurally distinct repressive states in the nuclear receptor PPARγ. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5825. [PMID: 31862968 PMCID: PMC6925260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The repressive states of nuclear receptors (i.e., apo or bound to antagonists or inverse agonists) are poorly defined, despite the fact that nuclear receptors are a major drug target. Most ligand bound structures of nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), are similar to the apo structure. Here we use NMR, accelerated molecular dynamics and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to define the PPARγ structural ensemble. We find that the helix 3 charge clamp positioning varies widely in apo and is stabilized by efficacious ligand binding. We also reveal a previously undescribed mechanism for inverse agonism involving an omega loop to helix switch which induces disruption of a tripartite salt-bridge network. We demonstrate that ligand binding can induce multiple structurally distinct repressive states. One state recruits peptides from two different corepressors, while another recruits just one, providing structural evidence of ligand bias in a nuclear receptor. The repressive states of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) are ill-defined, despite nuclear receptors being a major drug target. Here authors demonstrate multiple structurally distinct repressive states, providing a structural rationale for ligand bias in a nuclear receptor.
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13
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Li D, Cai Y, Teng D, Li W, Tang Y, Liu G. Computational insights into the interaction mechanisms of estrogen-related receptor alpha with endogenous ligand cholesterol. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1316-1329. [PMID: 30811808 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) has attracted increasing concerns. ERRα, orphan nuclear receptor, plays important roles in energy metabolism. Therefore, small molecule agonists of ERRα could be a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Recently, Wei et al. identified cholesterol as the endogenous agonist of ERRα. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of cholesterol bound with ERRα remains ambiguous. Thus, in this study molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to characterize how cholesterol affects the behavior of ERRα. Based on the results, we found that a proven residue Phe232 and others including Leu228, Glu235, Arg276, and Phe399 were key residues to ligand binding. A hydrogen-bonding interaction between cholesterol and Glu235 ensured the orientation of the ligand in the binding pocket, while hydrophobic interactions between cholesterol and the above-mentioned residues promoted the stability of ERRα-cholesterol complex. In the presence of the proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), the cholesterol-ERRα interaction became more stable. Interestingly, we observed that cholesterol facilitated the binding of ERRα with its coactivator PGC-1α via stabilizing the conformation of helix 12 and the interaction surface of ERRα/PGC-1α. Overall, these findings would be valuable for the future rational design of novel ERRα agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Teng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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14
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Synthesis of novel benzothiazole amides: Evaluation of PPAR activity and anti-proliferative effects in paraganglioma, pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2302-2306. [PMID: 31272790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reduced activation of PPARs has a positive impact on cancer cell growth and viability in multiple preclinical tumor models, suggesting a new therapeutic potential for PPAR antagonists. In the present study, the benzothiazole amides 2a-g were synthesized and their activities on PPARs were investigated. Transactivation assay showed a moderate activity of the novel compounds as PPARα antagonists. Notably, in cellular assays they exhibited cytotoxicity in pancreatic, colorectal and paraganglioma cancer cells overexpressing PPARα. In particular, compound 2b showed the most remarkable inhibition of viability (greater than 90%) in two paraganglioma cell lines, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. In addition, 2b markedly impaired colony formation capacity in the same cells. Taken together, these results show a relevant anti-proliferative potential of compound 2b, which appears particularly effective in paraganglioma, a rare tumor poorly responsive to chemotherapy.
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15
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Chromoselective access to Z- or E- allylated amines and heterocycles by a photocatalytic allylation reaction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2634. [PMID: 31201327 PMCID: PMC6572830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The most useful strategies for the alkylation of allylic systems are related to the Tsuji–Trost reaction or the use of different Lewis acids. Herein we report a photocatalytic approach for the allylation reaction of a variety of nucleophiles, such as heteroarenes, amines and alcohols. This method is compatible with a large variety of pyrroles and indoles, containing different substituents such as electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups, unprotected nitrogen atoms and bromo derivatives. Moreover, this methodology enables the chromoselective synthesis of Z- or E-allylated compounds. While the use of UV-light irradiation has allowed the synthesis of the previously inaccessible Z-allylated products, E-isomers are prepared simply by changing both the light source to the visible region, and the catalytic system. Based on mechanistic and photochemical proofs, laser flash photolysis studies and DFT calculations, a rational mechanism is presented. Tsuji–Trost allylation is a traditional method for selective C-C bond formation that involves the use of palladium-based catalysts. Here, the authors report a metal-free, photocatalytic allylation of several heterocycles, amines and alcohols, which can be easily tuned towards the Z- or E- allylated product.
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16
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Pattarawarapan M, Yamano D, Wiriya N, Phakhodee W. Metal-Free Synthesis of 2- N, N-Dialkylaminobenzoxazoles Using Tertiary Amines as the Nitrogen Source. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6516-6523. [PMID: 31017442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented reaction of tertiary amines with 2(3 H)-benzoxazolones has been investigated. In the presence of the Ph3P-I2 reagent system, the reaction of both acyclic and cyclic aliphatic tertiary amines led to the formation of 2- N, N-dialkylaminobenzoxazoles with the selective cleavage of an alkyl group. Especially, N-(2-iodoethyl)piperazinyl derivatives were rapidly produced in good yields when using DABCO as the nitrogen source. Only in the cases when the nucleophilicity of the substrates exceeds that of the amine, competitive self-condensation of benzoxazolones then proceeds preferentially. 31P{1H}-NMR study suggested the involvement of an aryloxyphosphonium intermediate and/or possibly 2-iodobenzoxazole which activates the C-2 position of benzoxazolones toward nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mookda Pattarawarapan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Dolnapa Yamano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Nitaya Wiriya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Wong Phakhodee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
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17
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Sabatino L, Ziccardi P, Cerchia C, Muccillo L, Piemontese L, Loiodice F, Colantuoni V, Lupo A, Lavecchia A. Chiral phenoxyacetic acid analogues inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation acting as PPARγ partial agonists. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5434. [PMID: 30931956 PMCID: PMC6443668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) is an important sensor at the crossroad of diabetes, obesity, immunity and cancer as it regulates adipogenesis, metabolism, inflammation and proliferation. PPARγ exerts its pleiotropic functions upon binding of natural or synthetic ligands. The molecular mechanisms through which PPARγ controls cancer initiation/progression depend on the different mode of binding of distinctive ligands. Here, we analyzed a series of chiral phenoxyacetic acid analogues for their ability to inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) cells growth by binding PPARγ as partial agonists as assessed in transactivation assays of a PPARG-reporter gene. We further investigated compounds (R,S)-3, (S)-3 and (R,S)-7 because they combine the best antiproliferative activity and a limited transactivation potential and found that they induce cell cycle arrest mainly via upregulation of p21waf1/cip1. Interestingly, they also counteract the β-catenin/TCF pathway by repressing c-Myc and cyclin D1, supporting their antiproliferative effect. Docking experiments provided insight into the binding mode of the most active compound (S)-3, suggesting that its partial agonism could be related to a better stabilization of H3 rather than H11 and H12. In conclusion, we identified a series of PPARγ partial agonists affecting distinct pathways all leading to strong antiproliferative effects. These findings may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sabatino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pamela Ziccardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Livio Muccillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Angelo Lupo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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18
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Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Cerchia C, Montanari R, Capelli D, Giudici M, Crestani M, Tortorella P, Peiretti F, Pochetti G, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. Identification of the First PPARα/γ Dual Agonist Able To Bind to Canonical and Alternative Sites of PPARγ and To Inhibit Its Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8282-8298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Giudici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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19
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Qiu Y, Struwe J, Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Catalyst- and Reagent-Free Electrochemical Azole C-H Amination. Chemistry 2018; 24:12784-12789. [PMID: 29901828 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst- and chemical oxidant-free electrochemical azole C-H aminations were accomplished via cross-dehydrogenative C-H/N-H functionalization. The catalyst-free electrochemical C-H amination proved feasible on azoles with high levels of efficacy and selectivity, avoiding the use of stoichiometric oxidants under ambient conditions. Likewise, the C(sp3 )-H nitrogenation proved viable under otherwise identical conditions. The dehydrogenative C-H amination featured ample scope, including cyclic and acyclic aliphatic amines as well as anilines, and employed sustainable electricity as the sole oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youai Qiu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - João C A Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Temporini C, Brusotti G, Pochetti G, Massolini G, Calleri E. Affinity-based separation methods for the study of biological interactions: The case of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in drug discovery. Methods 2018; 146:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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21
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Patel HH, Prater MB, Squire SO, Sigman MS. Formation of Chiral Allylic Ethers via an Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Alkenylation of Acyclic Enol Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5895-5898. [PMID: 29665329 PMCID: PMC5968819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This report details a palladium-catalyzed process to access highly functionalized, optically active allylic aryl ethers. A number of electron-deficient alkenyl triflates underwent enantioselective and site-selective coupling with acyclic aryl enol ethers in the presence of a chiral palladium catalyst. This transform provides chiral allylic ether products in high yields and excellent enantiomeric ratios, furnishing a unique disconnection to incorporate heteroatoms at a stereocenter. Finally, the applicability of the products to target synthesis was demonstrated through the formation of a chiral allylic alcohol and the generation of a flavone-inspired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshkumar H. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B. Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Scott O. Squire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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22
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Xie J, Guo W, Cai A, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. Pd-Catalyzed Enantio- and Regioselective Formation of Allylic Aryl Ethers. Org Lett 2017; 19:6388-6391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xie
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wusheng Guo
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aijie Cai
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduardo C. Escudero-Adán
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007-Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of PPARγ, a Protein at the Crossroads of Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020361. [PMID: 28208577 PMCID: PMC5343896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome polymorphisms are responsible for phenotypic differences between humans and for individual susceptibility to genetic diseases and therapeutic responses. Non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) lead to protein variants with a change in the amino acid sequence that may affect the structure and/or function of the protein and may be utilized as efficient structural and functional markers of association to complex diseases. This study is focused on nsSNP variants of the ligand binding domain of PPARγ a nuclear receptor in the superfamily of ligand inducible transcription factors that play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism and in several processes ranging from cellular differentiation and development to carcinogenesis. Here we selected nine nsSNPs variants of the PPARγ ligand binding domain, V290M, R357A, R397C, F360L, P467L, Q286P, R288H, E324K, and E460K, expressed in cancer tissues and/or associated with partial lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. The effects of a single amino acid change on the thermodynamic stability of PPARγ, its spectral properties, and molecular dynamics have been investigated. The nsSNPs PPARγ variants show alteration of dynamics and tertiary contacts that impair the correct reciprocal positioning of helices 3 and 12, crucially important for PPARγ functioning.
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24
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The antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of cladosporols A and B are related to their different binding mode as PPARγ ligands. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 108:22-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Shibatomi K, Kotozaki M, Sasaki N, Fujisawa I, Iwasa S. Williamson Ether Synthesis with Phenols at a Tertiary Stereogenic Carbon: Formal Enantioselective Phenoxylation of β‐Keto Esters. Chemistry 2015; 21:14095-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Shibatomi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1‐1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku‐cho, Toyohashi, 441‐8580 (Japan)
| | - Manato Kotozaki
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1‐1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku‐cho, Toyohashi, 441‐8580 (Japan)
| | - Nozomi Sasaki
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1‐1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku‐cho, Toyohashi, 441‐8580 (Japan)
| | - Ikuhide Fujisawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1‐1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku‐cho, Toyohashi, 441‐8580 (Japan)
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1‐1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku‐cho, Toyohashi, 441‐8580 (Japan)
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26
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Fratev F, Tsakovska I, Al Sharif M, Mihaylova E, Pajeva I. Structural and Dynamical Insight into PPARγ Antagonism: In Silico Study of the Ligand-Receptor Interactions of Non-Covalent Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15405-24. [PMID: 26184155 PMCID: PMC4519905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural and dynamical properties of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) nuclear receptor have been broadly studied in its agonist state but little is known about the key features required for the receptor antagonistic activity. Here we report a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in combination with free energy estimation of the recently discovered class of non-covalent PPARγ antagonists. Their binding modes and dynamical behavior are described in details. Two key interactions have been detected within the cavity between helices H3, H11 and the activation helix H12, as well as with H12. The strength of the ligand-amino acid residues interactions has been analyzed in relation to the specificity of the ligand dynamical and antagonistic features. According to our results, the PPARγ activation helix does not undergo dramatic conformational changes, as seen in other nuclear receptors, but rather perturbations that occur through a significant ligand-induced reshaping of the ligand-receptor and the receptor-coactivator binding pockets. The H12 residue Tyr473 and the charge clamp residue Glu471 play a central role for the receptor transformations. Our results also demonstrate that MD can be a helpful tool for the compound phenotype characterization (full agonists, partial agonists or antagonists) when insufficient experimental data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Fratev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Micar21 Ltd., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Merilin Al Sharif
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Ilza Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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27
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a class of bioisosteric oximes of the novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ ligand LT175. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:583-94. [PMID: 25497132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects resulting from the introduction of an oxime group in place of the distal aromatic ring of the diphenyl moiety of LT175, previously reported as a PPARα/γ dual agonist, have been investigated. This modification allowed the identification of new bioisosteric ligands with fairly good activity on PPARα and fine-tuned moderate activity on PPARγ. For the most interesting compound (S)-3, docking studies in PPARα and PPARγ provided a molecular explanation for its different behavior as full and partial agonist of the two receptor isotypes, respectively. A further investigation of this compound was carried out performing gene expression studies on HepaRG cells. The results obtained allowed to hypothesize a possible mechanism through which this ligand could be useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The higher induction of the expression of some genes, compared to selective agonists, seems to confirm the importance of a dual PPARα/γ activity which probably involves a synergistic effect on both receptor subtypes.
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28
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Sabatino L, Pancione M, Votino C, Colangelo T, Lupo A, Novellino E, Lavecchia A, Colantuoni V. Emerging role of the β-catenin-PPARγ axis in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7137-7151. [PMID: 24966585 PMCID: PMC4064060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a fundamental role in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. Recent genome-wide data have confirmed that in CRC this pathway is one of the most frequently modified by genetic or epigenetic alterations affecting almost 90% of Wnt/β-catenin gene members. A major challenge is thus learning how the corrupted coordination of this pathway is tied to other signalings to enhance cell growth. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is emerging as a growth-limiting and differentiation-promoting factor. In tumorigenesis it exerts a tumor suppressor role and is potentially linked with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Based on these results, the identification of new selective PPARγ modulators with inhibitory effects on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is becoming an interesting perspective. Should, in fact, these molecules display such properties, new research avenues would be opened aimed at developing new molecular targeted drugs. Herein, we review the basic principles and present new hypotheses underlying the crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and PPARγ signaling. Furthermore, we discuss the advances in our understanding as to how their altered regulation can culminate in colon cancer and the efforts aimed at designing novel PPARγ agonists endowed with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitory effects to be used as therapeutic and/or preventive agents.
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29
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Gilardi F, Giudici M, Mitro N, Maschi O, Guerrini U, Rando G, Maggi A, Cermenati G, Laghezza A, Loiodice F, Pochetti G, Lavecchia A, Caruso D, De Fabiani E, Bamberg K, Crestani M. LT175 is a novel PPARα/γ ligand with potent insulin-sensitizing effects and reduced adipogenic properties. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6908-6920. [PMID: 24451380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. Ongoing drug discovery programs aim to develop dual PPARα/γ agonists devoid of the side effects of the marketed antidiabetic agents thiazolidinediones and the dual agonists glitazars. Recently, we described a new dual PPARα/γ ligand, LT175, with a partial agonist profile against PPARγ and interacting with a newly identified region of the PPARγ-ligand binding domain (1). Here we show that LT175 differentially activated PPARγ target genes involved in fatty acid esterification and storage in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes. This resulted in a less severe lipid accumulation compared with that triggered by rosiglitazone, suggesting that LT175 may have a lower adipogenic activity. Consistent with this hypothesis, in vivo administration of LT175 to mice fed a high-fat diet decreased body weight, adipocyte size, and white adipose tissue mass, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, LT175 significantly reduced plasma glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol and increased circulating adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21 levels. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that the compound improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the peculiar interaction of LT175 with PPARγ affected the recruitment of the coregulators cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein-binding protein and nuclear corepressor 1 (NCoR1), fundamentals for the PPARγ-mediated adipogenic program. In conclusion, our results describe a new PPAR ligand, modulating lipid and glucose metabolism with reduced adipogenic activity, that may be used as a model for a series of novel molecules with an improved pharmacological profile for the treatment of dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gilardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giudici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Omar Maschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Uliano Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Rando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Cermenati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00016 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emma De Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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30
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Yotphan S, Beukeaw D, Reutrakul V. Synthesis of 2-aminobenzoxazoles via copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of benzoxazoles with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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SAR and Computer-Aided Drug Design Approaches in the Discovery of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activators: A Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/406049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activators of PPARγ, Troglitazone (TGZ), Rosiglitazone (RGZ), and Pioglitazone (PGZ) were introduced for treatment of Type 2 diabetes, but TGZ and RGZ have been withdrawn from the market along with other promising leads due cardiovascular side effects and hepatotoxicity. However, the continuously improving understanding of the structure/function of PPARγ and its interactions with potential ligands maintain the importance of PPARγ as an antidiabetic target. Extensive structure activity relationship (SAR) studies have thus been performed on a variety of structural scaffolds by various research groups. Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) approaches have also played a vital role in the search and optimization of potential lead compounds. This paper focuses on these approaches adopted for the discovery of PPARγ ligands for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Key concepts employed during the discovery phase, classification based on agonistic character, applications of various QSAR, pharmacophore mapping, virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies are highlighted. Molecular level analysis of the dynamic nature of ligand-receptor interaction is presented for the future design of ligands with better potency and safety profiles. Recently identified mechanism of inhibition of phosphorylation of PPARγ at SER273 by ligands is reviewed as a new strategy to identify novel drug candidates.
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32
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Burris TP, Solt LA, Wang Y, Crumbley C, Banerjee S, Griffett K, Lundasen T, Hughes T, Kojetin DJ. Nuclear receptors and their selective pharmacologic modulators. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:710-78. [PMID: 23457206 PMCID: PMC11060414 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors and include the receptors for steroid hormones, lipophilic vitamins, sterols, and bile acids. These receptors serve as targets for development of myriad drugs that target a range of disorders. Classically defined ligands that bind to the ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptors, whether they are endogenous or synthetic, either activate receptor activity (agonists) or block activation (antagonists) and due to the ability to alter activity of the receptors are often termed receptor "modulators." The complex pharmacology of nuclear receptors has provided a class of ligands distinct from these simple modulators where ligands display agonist/partial agonist/antagonist function in a tissue or gene selective manner. This class of ligands is defined as selective modulators. Here, we review the development and pharmacology of a range of selective nuclear receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Burris
- The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way 2A1, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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33
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Carrieri A, Giudici M, Parente M, De Rosas M, Piemontese L, Fracchiolla G, Laghezza A, Tortorella P, Carbonara G, Lavecchia A, Gilardi F, Crestani M, Loiodice F. Molecular determinants for nuclear receptors selectivity: chemometric analysis, dockings and site-directed mutagenesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α/γ agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:321-32. [PMID: 23502212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of previously synthesized chiral derivatives of clofibric and phenylacetic acids, acting as dual agonists towards the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ, was taken into account, and the efficacy of these compounds was analyzed by means of 2D-, 3D-QSAR and docking studies with the goal to gain deeper insights into the three-dimensional determinants governing ligands selectivity for PPARs. By multiregressional analysis a correlation between the lipophilicity and PPARα activity was found, whereas for PPARγ the correlation was achieved once efficacy was related to the presence of polar groups on agonists scaffold. Docking of these compounds further corroborated this hypothesis, and then provided a valid support for subsequent chemometric analysis and pharmacophore models development for both receptors subtypes. Computational results suggested site directed mutagenesis experiments which confirmed the importance of amino acid residues in PPAR activity, allowing the identification of critical hotspots most likely taking over PPARs selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carrieri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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34
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Site-directed mutagenesis to study the role of specific amino acids in the ligand binding domain of PPARs. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 952:137-44. [PMID: 23100229 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-155-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of certain amino acids in the interactions of ligands with their cognate nuclear receptors is usually achieved by the resolution of the crystal structure of the receptor complexed with the ligand. As a complementary functional approach, site-directed mutagenesis, a technique broadly used in molecular biology, allows the assessment of the role of a specific amino acid in determining the interaction with a specific ligand. This method makes it possible to evaluate several mutations of a key amino acid for ligand binding and to determine the relationship between protein structure and ligand interaction. Here, we describe an application of this technique to evaluate different point mutations on the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the absence or presence of chemically different ligands.
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35
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Mitro N, Godio C, Crestani M. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques to study ligand-mediated interactions of PPARs with coregulators. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 952:219-227. [PMID: 23100236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-155-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to induce the association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) with different transcriptional coregulators is determined by the peculiar 3D-structure that the receptors adopt when bound with a specific ligand. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay is a technique widely used to evaluate coregulator recruitment to nuclear receptors induced by ligands. With this assay it is possible to quantitatively determine the interaction and the affinity of coregulators with PPARs when these receptors are complexed with ligands. Here, we describe the use of this technique to assess the preferential interaction and the affinity of PPARγ with coregulators as a function of the chemical structure of the bound ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Mitro
- Laboratorio Giovanni Galli di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare del Metabolismo-Spettrometria di Massa, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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36
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Porcelli L, Gilardi F, Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Mitro N, Azzariti A, Altieri F, Cervoni L, Fracchiolla G, Giudici M, Guerrini U, Lavecchia A, Montanari R, Di Giovanni C, Paradiso A, Pochetti G, Simone GM, Tortorella P, Crestani M, Loiodice F. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Ureidofibrate-Like Derivatives Endowed with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activity. J Med Chem 2011; 55:37-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201306q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Porcelli
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale Clinica, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Gilardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - A. Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - L. Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - N. Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - A. Azzariti
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale Clinica, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Altieri
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biochimiche
“A. Rossi Fanelli”, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Cervoni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biochimiche
“A. Rossi Fanelli”, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Fracchiolla
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Giudici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - U. Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - A. Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - R. Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione,
Roma, Italy
| | - C. Di Giovanni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Paradiso
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale Clinica, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - G. Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione,
Roma, Italy
| | - G. M. Simone
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale Clinica, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - P. Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano,
Italy
| | - F. Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
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37
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Liu W, Lau F, Liu K, Wood HB, Zhou G, Chen Y, Li Y, Akiyama TE, Castriota G, Einstein M, Wang C, McCann ME, Doebber TW, Wu M, Chang CH, McNamara L, McKeever B, Mosley RT, Berger JP, Meinke PT. Benzimidazolones: a new class of selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulators. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8541-54. [PMID: 22070604 DOI: 10.1021/jm201061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzimidazolone carboxylic acids and oxazolidinediones were designed and synthesized in search of selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγMs) as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with improved safety profiles relative to rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, the currently marketed PPARγ full agonist drugs. Structure-activity relationships of these potent and highly selective SPPARγMs were studied with a focus on their unique profiles as partial agonists or modulators. A variety of methods, such as X-ray crystallographic analysis, PPARγ transactivation coactivator profiling, gene expression profiling, and mutagenesis studies, were employed to reveal the differential interactions of these new analogues with PPARγ receptor in comparison to full agonists. In rodent models of T2DM, benzimidazolone analogues such as (5R)-5-(3-{[3-(5-methoxybenzisoxazol-3-yl)benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)-5-methyloxazolidinedione (51) demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of rosiglitazone. Side effects, such as fluid retention and heart weight gain associated with PPARγ full agonists, were diminished with 51 in comparison to rosiglitazone based on studies in two independent animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
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38
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Calleri E, Fracchiolla G, Montanari R, Pochetti G, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F, Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Massolini G, Temporini C. Frontal affinity chromatography with MS detection of the ligand binding domain of PPARγ receptor: ligand affinity screening and stereoselective ligand-macromolecule interaction. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1232:84-92. [PMID: 22056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report the development of new chromatographic tools for binding studies based on the gamma isoform ligand binding domain (LBD) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ subtype plays important roles in the functions of adipocytes, muscles, and macrophages with a direct impact on type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. In order to set up a suitable immobilization chemistry, the LBD of PPARγ receptor was first covalently immobilized onto the surface of aminopropyl silica particles to create a PPARγ-Silica column for zonal elution experiments and then onto the surface of open tubular (OT) capillaries to create PPARγ-OT capillaries following different immobilization conditions. The capillaries were used in frontal affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (FAC-MS) experiments to determine the relative binding affinities of a series of chiral fibrates. The relative affinity orders obtained for these derivatives were consistent with the EC(50) values reported in literature. The optimized PPARγ-OT capillary was validated by determining the K(d) values of two selected compounds. Known the role of stereoselectivity in the binding of chiral fibrates, for the first time a detailed study was carried out by analysing two enantioselective couples on the LBD-PPARγ capillary by FAC and a characteristic two-stairs frontal profile was derived as the result of the two saturation events. All the obtained data indicate that the immobilized form of PPARγ-LBD retained the ability to specifically bind ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calleri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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39
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Wertz S, Kodama S, Studer A. Amination of Benzoxazoles and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles Using 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxoammonium Tetrafluoroborate as an Organic Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11511-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wertz S, Kodama S, Studer A. Aminierung von Benzoxazolen und 1,3,4-Oxadiazolen mit 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxoammonium-tetrafluoroborat als organischem Oxidationsmittel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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