1
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Darling WTP, Wieske LHE, Cook DT, Aliev AE, Caron L, Humphrys EJ, Figueiredo AM, Hansen DF, Erdélyi M, Tabor AB. The Influence of Disulfide, Thioacetal and Lanthionine-Bridges on the Conformation of a Macrocyclic Peptide. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401654. [PMID: 38953277 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyclisation of peptides by forming thioether (lanthionine), disulfide (cystine) or methylene thioacetal bridges between side chains is established as an important tool to stabilise a given structure, enhance metabolic stability and optimise both potency and selectivity. However, a systematic comparative study of the effects of differing bridging modalities on peptide conformation has not previously been carried out. In this paper, we have used the NMR deconvolution algorithm, NAMFIS, to determine the conformational ensembles, in aqueous solution, of three cyclic analogues of angiotensin(1-7), incorporating either disulfide, or non-reducible thioether or methylene thioacetal bridges. We demonstrate that the major solution conformations are conserved between the different bridged peptides, but the distribution of conformations differs appreciably. This suggests that subtle differences in ring size and bridging structure can be exploited to fine-tune the conformational properties of cyclic peptides, which may modulate their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T P Darling
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Lianne H E Wieske
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Declan T Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Laurent Caron
- Biosynth Laboratories Ltd (formerly Cambridge Research Biochemicals Ltd), 17-18 Belasis Court, Belasis Hall Technology Park, Billingham, TS23 4AZ, UK
| | - Emily J Humphrys
- Biosynth Laboratories Ltd (formerly Cambridge Research Biochemicals Ltd), 17-18 Belasis Court, Belasis Hall Technology Park, Billingham, TS23 4AZ, UK
| | - Angelo Miguel Figueiredo
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, UCL Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D Flemming Hansen
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, UCL Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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2
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Nuti F, Larregola M, Staśkiewicz A, Retzl B, Tomašević N, Macchia L, Street ME, Jewgiński M, Lequin O, Latajka R, Rovero P, Gruber CW, Chorev M, Papini AM. Design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity of Cα 1-to-Cα 6 1,4- and 4,1-disubstituted 1 H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-bridged oxytocin analogues. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2254019. [PMID: 37735942 PMCID: PMC10519257 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2254019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohypophyseal peptide hormone containing a disulphide-bridged pseudocyclic conformation. The biomedical use of OT peptides is limited amongst others by disadvantageous pharmacokinetic parameters. To increase the stability of OT by replacing the disulphide bridge with the stable and more rigid [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl moiety, we employed the Cu2+-catalysed side chain-to-side chain azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition. Here we report the design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and in vitro pharmacological activity of a homologous series of Cα1-to-Cα6 side chain-to-side chain [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-containing OT analogues differing in the length of the bridge, location, and orientation of the linking moiety. Exploiting this macrocyclisation approach, it was possible to generate a systematic series of compounds providing interesting insight into the structure-conformation-function relationship of OT. Most analogues were able to adopt similar conformation to endogenous OT in water, namely, a type I β-turn. This approach may in the future generate stabilised pharmacological peptide tools to advance understanding of OT physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nuti
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maud Larregola
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy Pontoise and Paris Saclay Université, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bernhard Retzl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataša Tomašević
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Macchia
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria E. Street
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma e Clinica Pediatrica, AOU di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Chorev
- Laboratory for Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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3
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Li H, Lee CH, Shin I. A triple-targeting delivery system carrying two anticancer agents. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8009-8013. [PMID: 34236071 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To improve tumor selectivity, a triple-targeting delivery system (Oct-FK(PBA-Az)-Dox) carrying two anticancer agents (apoptozole (Az) and doxorubicin (Dox)) was designed and synthesized. The results showed that both anticancer agents in Oct-FK(PBA-Az)-Dox are liberated in the presence of both H2O2 and cathepsin B, which are normally present at high levels in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Biosynthesis of lanthionine-constrained agonists of G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2195-2203. [PMID: 33125486 PMCID: PMC7609037 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The conformation with which natural agonistic peptides interact with G protein-coupled receptor(s) (GPCR(s)) partly results from intramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bridges or is induced by ligand–receptor interactions. The conformational freedom of a peptide can be constrained by intramolecular cross-links. Conformational constraints enhance the receptor specificity, may lead to biased activity and confer proteolytic resistance to peptidic GPCR agonists. Chemical synthesis allows to introduce a variety of cross-links into a peptide and is suitable for bulk production of relatively simple lead peptides. Lanthionines are thioether bridged alanines of which the two alanines can be introduced at different distances in chosen positions in a peptide. Thioether bridges are much more stable than disulfide bridges. Biosynthesis of lanthionine-constrained peptides exploiting engineered Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria that contain lanthionine-introducing enzymes constitutes a convenient method for discovery of lanthionine-stabilized GPCR agonists. The presence of an N-terminal leader peptide enables dehydratases to dehydrate serines and threonines in the peptide of interest after which a cyclase can couple the formed dehydroamino acids to cysteines forming (methyl)lanthionines. The leader peptide also guides the export of the formed lanthionine-containing precursor peptide out of Gram-positive bacteria via a lanthipeptide transporter. An engineered cleavage site in the C-terminus of the leader peptide allows to cleave off the leader peptide yielding the modified peptide of interest. Lanthipeptide GPCR agonists are an emerging class of therapeutics of which a few examples have demonstrated high efficacy in animal models of a variety of diseases. One lanthipeptide GPCR agonist has successfully passed clinical Phase Ia.
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5
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Bosma T, Rink R, Moosmeier MA, Moll GN. Genetically Encoded Libraries of Constrained Peptides. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1754-1758. [PMID: 30794341 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many therapeutic peptides can still be improved with respect to target specificity, target affinity, resistance to peptidases/proteases, physical stability, and capacity to pass through membranes required for oral delivery. Several modifications can improve the peptides' properties, in particular those that impose (a) conformational constraint(s). Screening of constrained peptides and the identification of hits is greatly facilitated by the generation of genetically encoded libraries. Recent breakthrough bacterial, phage, and yeast display screening systems of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally constrained peptides, particularly those of lanthipeptides, are earning special attention. Here we provide an overview of display systems for constrained, genetically encoded peptides and indicate prospects of constrained peptide-displaying phage and bacterial systems as such in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjibbe Bosma
- Lanthio Pharma, a MorphoSys AG Company, Rozenburglaan 13B, 9727 DL, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Rink
- Lanthio Pharma, a MorphoSys AG Company, Rozenburglaan 13B, 9727 DL, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gert N Moll
- Lanthio Pharma, a MorphoSys AG Company, Rozenburglaan 13B, 9727 DL, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Fischer J, Schönauer R, Els‐Heindl S, Bierer D, Koebberling J, Riedl B, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin disulfide bond mimetics uncover structural requirements for AM1receptor activation. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3147. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els‐Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A Wuppertal Germany
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7
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Li L, Wang Q, Zhang X, Luo L, He Y, Zhu R, Gao D. Dual-targeting liposomes for enhanced anticancer effect in somatostatin receptor II-positive tumor model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2155-2169. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We developed octreotide-modified magnetic liposomes (OMlips) as dual-targeting drug carriers to enhance the drug accumulation in tumor site. Materials & methods: Octreotide acts as a modified ligand for receptor-mediated targeting and the coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles offer the magnetic targeting property. SSTR2 overexpressed A549 cells and S180 cells were chosen to explore the targeting ability and antitumor effect of the oleanolic acid (OA)-loaded OMlips in vitro and in vivo. Results: The OMlips platform significantly improves the targeting, penetrating and accumulation of OA at the SSTR2 overexpressed cells and SSTR2-positive tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: The OA-loaded OMlips have better antitumor effect and lower systemic toxicity. Such a receptor-mediated and magnetically-orienting dual-targeting drug nanocarriers may have great potentials in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineer, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineer, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Xuwu Zhang
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineer, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Liyao Luo
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineer, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Yuchu He
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineer, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Zhu
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineer, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
- Hebei Province Asparagus Industry Technology Research Institute, No.12 Donghai Road, Qinhuangdao, 066318, PR China
| | - Dawei Gao
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineer, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
- Hebei Province Asparagus Industry Technology Research Institute, No.12 Donghai Road, Qinhuangdao, 066318, PR China
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8
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Kheirabadi M, Creech GS, Qiao JX, Nirschl DS, Leahy DK, Boy KM, Carter PH, Eastgate MD. Leveraging a "Catch-Release" Logic Gate Process for the Synthesis and Nonchromatographic Purification of Thioether- or Amine-Bridged Macrocyclic Peptides. J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29537839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides containing N-alkylated amino acids have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality, capable of modulating protein-protein interactions and an intracellular delivery of hydrophilic payloads. While multichannel automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is a practical approach for peptide synthesis, the requirement for slow and inefficient chromatographic purification of the product peptides is a significant limitation to exploring these novel compounds. Herein, we invent a "catch-release" strategy for the nonchromatographic purification of macrocyclic peptides. A traceless catch process is enabled by the invention of a dual-functionalized N-terminal acetate analogue, which serves as a handle for capture onto a purification resin and as a leaving group for macrocyclization. Displacement by a C-terminal nucleophilic side chain thus releases the desired macrocycle from the purification resin. By design, this catch/release process is a logic test for the presence of the key components required for cyclization, thus removing impurities which lack the required functionality, such as common classes of peptide impurities, including hydrolysis fragments and truncated sequences. The method was shown to be highly effective with three libraries of macrocyclic peptides, containing macrocycles of 5-20 amino acids, with either thioether- or amine-based macrocyclic linkages; in this latter class, the reported method represents an enabling technology. In all cases, the catch-release protocol afforded significant enrichment of the target peptides purity, in many cases completely obviating the need for chromatography. Importantly, we have adapted this process for automation on a standard multichannel peptide synthesizer, achieving an efficient and completely integrated synthesis and purification platform for the preparation of these important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Kheirabadi
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Gardner S Creech
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Princeton , New Jersey 08543 , United States
| | - David S Nirschl
- Discovery Chemistry , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Princeton , New Jersey 08543 , United States
| | - David K Leahy
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Kenneth M Boy
- Discovery Chemistry , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Wallingford , Connecticut 06492 , United States
| | - Percy H Carter
- Discovery Chemistry , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Princeton , New Jersey 08543 , United States
| | - Martin D Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
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9
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Wright ZVF, McCarthy S, Dickman R, Reyes FE, Sanchez-Martinez S, Cryar A, Kilford I, Hall A, Takle AK, Topf M, Gonen T, Thalassinos K, Tabor AB. The Role of Disulfide Bond Replacements in Analogues of the Tarantula Toxin ProTx-II and Their Effects on Inhibition of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channel Na v1.7. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13063-13075. [PMID: 28880078 PMCID: PMC5618157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Spider
venom toxins, such as Protoxin-II (ProTx-II), have recently
received much attention as selective Nav1.7 channel blockers,
with potential to be developed as leads for the treatment of chronic
nocioceptive pain. ProTx-II is a 30-amino acid peptide with three
disulfide bonds that has been reported to adopt a well-defined inhibitory
cystine knot (ICK) scaffold structure. Potential drawbacks with such
peptides include poor pharmacodynamics and potential scrambling of
the disulfide bonds in vivo. In order to address
these issues, in the present study we report the solid-phase synthesis
of lanthionine-bridged analogues of ProTx-II, in which one of the
three disulfide bridges is replaced with a thioether linkage, and
evaluate the biological properties of these analogues. We have also
investigated the folding and disulfide bridging patterns arising from
different methods of oxidation of the linear peptide precursor. Finally,
we report the X-ray crystal structure of ProTx-II to atomic resolution;
to our knowledge this is the first crystal structure of an ICK spider
venom peptide not bound to a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë V F Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Dickman
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Francis E Reyes
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Silvia Sanchez-Martinez
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Adam Cryar
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London , London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kilford
- European Knowledge Centre, Eisai Limited , Mosquito Way, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hall
- European Knowledge Centre, Eisai Limited , Mosquito Way, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K Takle
- European Knowledge Centre, Eisai Limited , Mosquito Way, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Topf
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London , London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London , London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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10
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Łepek T, Kwiatkowska A, Couture F, Ly K, Desjardins R, Dory Y, Prahl A, Day R. Macrocyclization of a potent PACE4 inhibitor: Benefits and limitations. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:476-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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11
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Kourra CMBK, Cramer N. Converting disulfide bridges in native peptides to stable methylene thioacetals. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7007-7012. [PMID: 28451136 PMCID: PMC5355835 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bridges play a crucial role in defining and rigidifying the three-dimensional structure of peptides. However, disulfides are inherently unstable in reducing environments. Consequently, the development of strategies aiming to circumvent these deficiencies - ideally with little structural disturbance - are highly sought after. Herein, we report a simple protocol converting the disulfide bond of peptides into highly stable methylene thioacetal. The transformation occurs under mild, biocompatible conditions, enabling the conversion of unprotected native peptides into analogues with enhanced stability. The developed protocol is applicable to a range of peptides and selective in the presence of a multitude of potentially reactive functional groups. The thioacetal modification annihilates the reductive lability and increases the serum, pH and temperature stability of the important peptide hormone oxytocin. Moreover, it is shown that the biological activities for oxytocin are retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M B K Kourra
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , EPFL SB ISIC LCSA , BCH 4305 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - N Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , EPFL SB ISIC LCSA , BCH 4305 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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12
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Zhao B, Zhang Q, Li Z. Constructing thioether-tethered cyclic peptides via on-resin intra-molecular thiol-ene reaction. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:540-4. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingchuan Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zigang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
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13
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Blum AP, Kammeyer JK, Yin J, Crystal DT, Rush AM, Gilson MK, Gianneschi NC. Peptides displayed as high density brush polymers resist proteolysis and retain bioactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15422-37. [PMID: 25314576 PMCID: PMC4227725 DOI: 10.1021/ja5088216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a strategy for rendering peptides resistant to proteolysis by formulating them as high-density brush polymers. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by polymerizing well-established cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and showing that the resulting polymers are not only resistant to proteolysis but also maintain their ability to enter cells. The scope of this design concept is explored by studying the proteolytic resistance of brush polymers composed of peptides that are substrates for either thrombin or a metalloprotease. Finally, we demonstrate that the proteolytic susceptibility of peptide brush polymers can be tuned by adjusting the density of the polymer brush and offer in silico models to rationalize this finding. We contend that this strategy offers a plausible method of preparing peptides for in vivo use, where rapid digestion by proteases has traditionally restricted their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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14
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Peng J, Qi X, Chen Y, Ma N, Zhang Z, Xing J, Zhu X, Li Z, Wu Z. Octreotide-conjugated PAMAM for targeted delivery to somatostatin receptors over-expressed tumor cells. J Drug Target 2014; 22:428-38. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.879386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Martín-Gago P, Ramón R, Aragón E, Fernández-Carneado J, Martin-Malpartida P, Verdaguer X, López-Ruiz P, Colás B, Cortes MA, Ponsati B, Macias MJ, Riera A. A tetradecapeptide somatostatin dicarba-analog: Synthesis, structural impact and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Dischinger J, Basi Chipalu S, Bierbaum G. Lantibiotics: Promising candidates for future applications in health care. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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Murugan RN, Jacob B, Ahn M, Hwang E, Sohn H, Park HN, Lee E, Seo JH, Cheong C, Nam KY, Hyun JK, Jeong KW, Kim Y, Shin SY, Bang JK. De novo design and synthesis of ultra-short peptidomimetic antibiotics having dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80025. [PMID: 24302996 PMCID: PMC3841161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much attention has been focused on the design and synthesis of potent, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that possess both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, their development into therapeutic agents has been limited mainly due to their large size (12 to 50 residues in length) and poor protease stability. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In an attempt to overcome the issues described above, a set of ultra-short, His-derived antimicrobial peptides (HDAMPs) has been developed for the first time. Through systematic tuning of pendant hydrophobic alkyl tails at the N(π)- and N(τ)-positions on His, and the positive charge of Arg, much higher prokaryotic selectivity was achieved, compared to human AMP LL-37. Additionally, the most potent HDAMPs showed promising dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity and proteolytic resistance. Our results from transmission electron microscopy, membrane depolarization, confocal laser-scanning microscopy, and calcein-dye leakage experiments propose that HDAMP-1 kills microbial cells via dissipation of the membrane potential by forming pore/ion channels on bacterial cell membranes. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The combination of the ultra-short size, high-prokaryotic selectivity, potent anti-MRSA activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and proteolytic resistance of the designed HDAMP-1, -3, -5, and -6 makes these molecules promising candidates for future antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran N. Murugan
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Binu Jacob
- Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mija Ahn
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoik Sohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hyo-Nam Park
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of SMART Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Seo
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ky-Youb Nam
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University Research Complex, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Hyun
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of SMART Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of SMART Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JKB); (SYS)
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JKB); (SYS)
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18
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Co-expression for intracellular processing in microbial protein production. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:427-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Schmerberg CM, Li L. Mass spectrometric detection of neuropeptides using affinity-enhanced microdialysis with antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:915-22. [PMID: 23249250 DOI: 10.1021/ac302403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis (MD) is a useful sampling tool for many applications due to its ability to permit sampling from an animal concurrent with normal activity. MD is of particular importance in the field of neuroscience, in which it is used to sample neurotransmitters (NTs) while the animal is behaving in order to correlate dynamic changes in NTs with behavior. One important class of signaling molecules, the neuropeptides (NPs), however, presented significant challenges when studied with MD, due to the low relative recovery (RR) of NPs by this technique. Affinity-enhanced microdialysis (AE-MD) has previously been used to improve recovery of NPs and similar molecules. For AE-MD, an affinity agent (AA), such as an antibody-coated particle or free antibody, is added to the liquid perfusing the MD probe. This AA provides an additional mass transport driving force for analyte to pass through the dialysis membrane and thus increases the RR. In this work, a variety of AAs have been investigated for AE-MD of NPs in vitro and in vivo, including particles with C18 surface functionality and antibody-coated particles. Antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles (AbMnP) provided the best RR enhancement in vitro, with statistically significant (p < 0.05) enhancements for 4 out of 6 NP standards tested, and RR increases up to 41-fold. These particles were then used for in vivo MD in the Jonah crab, Cancer borealis, during a feeding study, with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. 31 NPs were detected in a 30 min collection sample, compared to 17 when no AA was used. The use of AbMnP also increased the temporal resolution from 4 to 18 h in previous studies to just 30 min in this study. The levels of NPs detected were also sufficient for reliable quantitation with the MS system in use, permitting quantitative analysis of the concentration changes for 7 identified NPs on a 30 min time course during feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Schmerberg
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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20
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de Araujo AD, Mobli M, King GF, Alewood PF. Cyclization of Peptides by using Selenolanthionine Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10298-302. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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de Araujo AD, Mobli M, King GF, Alewood PF. Cyclization of Peptides by using Selenolanthionine Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Karstad R, Isaksen G, Wynendaele E, Guttormsen Y, De Spiegeleer B, Brandsdal BO, Svendsen JS, Svenson J. Targeting the S1 and S3 Subsite of Trypsin with Unnatural Cationic Amino Acids Generates Antimicrobial Peptides with Potential for Oral Administration. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6294-305. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Karstad
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Isaksen
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- The Norwegian Structural Biology
Centre and the Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø,
Norway
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and
Registration
Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat
72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yngve Guttormsen
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and
Registration
Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat
72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjørn-Olav Brandsdal
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- The Norwegian Structural Biology
Centre and the Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø,
Norway
| | | | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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23
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Krasniqi B, Scruten E, Piller J, Lee J, Napper S. Stability, toxicity and biological activity of retro, inversed and retro-inversed glucagon isomers. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:519-26. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Besnik Krasniqi
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Erin Scruten
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Jaret Piller
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Jeremy Lee
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada
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24
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Bowers AA. Biochemical and biosynthetic preparation of natural product-like cyclic peptide libraries. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural product gene clusters are increasingly being used to compliment biochemical methods for production of cyclic peptide libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A. Bowers
- Purdue University
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- West Lafayette
- USA
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25
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Kato M, Inoshita N, Sugiyama T, Tani Y, Shichiri M, Sano T, Yamada S, Hirata Y. Differential expression of genes related to drug responsiveness between sparsely and densely granulated somatotroph adenomas. Endocr J 2012; 59:221-8. [PMID: 22200580 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej11-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two main subtypes of GH-producing pituitary adenoma: densely granulated (DG-type) and sparsely granulated (SG-type). Despite the difference in drug responsiveness between the two subtypes, their molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the differential expression of genes related to drug responsiveness between the two subtypes of somatotroph adenoma, and their relationship to the clinical characteristics. Eighty-two acromegaly patients (44 DG-type, 38 SG-type) were studied retrospectively. Clinical characteristics were compared between the two subtypes. Among them, 36 tumor tissue specimens (19 DG-type, 17 SG-type) were available for investigation of the expression of SSTR2, SSTR5 and D2R that are reported to be involved in drug responsiveness by realtime RT-PCR. Protein level was evaluated by immunohistochemical study. Patients with SG-type adenomas were younger in age and showed greater GH suppression by octreotide, but not by bromocriptin, and bigger in size and more invasiveness than DG-type adenomas. The mRNA expression of SSTR2 in DG-type adenomas were greater than those in SG-type adenomas and showed significantly positive correlation with GH suppression by octreotide. There was positive correlation between mRNA and protein levels of SSTR2. These data suggested that the differences of responsiveness to octreotide between DG- and SG-type adenomas are based on the expression levels of SSTR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Kato
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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26
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Aydillo C, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Jiménez-Osés G, Peregrina JM, Zurbano MM. A Biomimetic Approach to Lanthionines. Org Lett 2011; 14:334-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203068s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Aydillo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - María M. Zurbano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
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27
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Tabor AB. The challenge of the lantibiotics: synthetic approaches to thioether-bridged peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7606-28. [PMID: 21960309 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique antibacterial properties and structural complexity of the lantibiotics has stimulated considerable interest in the development of methodology to synthesise these peptides. One of the most challenging issues has been the synthesis of polycyclic peptides with multiple thioether bridges between side-chains, which are a characteristic feature of the lantibiotics. In this perspective, the different approaches to this problem, including solution-phase synthesis, solid-phase synthesis, biomimetic approaches and biotransformation strategies, are reviewed, highlighting the advances resulting from each of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, UK WC1H 0AJ.
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28
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Su Z, Niu J, Xiao Y, Ping Q, Sun M, Huang A, You W, Sang X, Yuan D. Effect of octreotide-polyethylene glycol(100) monostearate modification on the pharmacokinetics and cellular uptake of nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with hydroxycamptothecine. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1641-51. [PMID: 21770405 DOI: 10.1021/mp100463n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new conjugate, octreotide-polyethylene glycol(100) monostearate (OPMS), was developed for the enhancement of targeting delivery of hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT) loaded in nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). 2 × 10(-3) and 5 × 10(-3) mmol of OPMS were respectively used to modify NLC so that the targeted nanocarriers with low and high ligand density were obtained. For comparison, the pegylated NLCs without octreotide were prepared by adding equal molar amounts of polyethylene glycol(100) monostearate (PGMS). The relation between the modification levels and properties of various NLCs were studied in vivo and in vitro. At a high modification level, a slower release rate of HCPT and the more stable nanocarriers was achieved. At the same time, the fixed aqueous layer thickness (FALT) and average surface density of PEG chains (SD(PEG)) was increased, but the distance (D) between two neighboring PEG grafting sites became narrower. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in healthy rat indicated that the modified NLCs had a longer circulation than NLC (P < 0.05) due to pegylation effect and OPMS modified NLCs had larger MRT and AUC(0-t) than that of PGMS modified NLCs at the same modification level. Furthermore, the florescence microscopy observation also showed the targeting effect of octreotide modification on somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) of tumor cell (SMMC-7721). The uptake of SMMC-7721 was much more than that of normal liver cell (L02) for OPMS modified NLC, and the highest uptake was observed for 5 × 10(-3) mmol of OPMS modified one. No obvious difference was found among the L02 uptake of OPMS modified NLCs and NLC, but their uptake was higher than that of PGMS modified NLCs. All the results indicated that the OPMS highly modified NLCs would improve the effect of antitumor therapy by inhibiting the degradation, evading RES and enhancing the drug uptake of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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29
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Bacterial display and screening of posttranslationally thioether-stabilized peptides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6794-801. [PMID: 21821759 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05550-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hurdle in the application of therapeutic peptides is their rapid degradation by peptidases. Thioether bridges effectively protect therapeutic peptides against breakdown, thereby strongly increasing bioavailability, enabling oral and pulmonary delivery and potentially significantly optimizing the receptor interaction of selected variants. To efficiently select optimal variants, a library of DNA-coupled thioether-bridged peptides is highly desirable. Here, we present a unique cell surface display system of thioether-bridged peptides and successfully demonstrate highly selective screening. Peptides are posttranslationally modified by thioether bridge-installing enzymes in Lactococcus lactis, followed by export and sortase-mediated covalent coupling to the lactococcal cell wall. This allows the combinatorial optimization and selection of medically and economically highly important therapeutic peptides with strongly enhanced therapeutic potential.
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30
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Mothia B, Appleyard AN, Wadman S, Tabor AB. Synthesis of peptides containing overlapping lanthionine bridges on the solid phase: an analogue of rings D and E of the lantibiotic nisin. Org Lett 2011; 13:4216-9. [PMID: 21766788 DOI: 10.1021/ol201548m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for the solid-phase synthesis of the overlapping lanthionine bridges found in many lantibiotics has been developed. A novel Teoc/TMSE-protected lanthionine derivative has been synthesized, and this lanthionine, and an Aloc/allyl-protected lanthionine derivative, have been incorporated into a linear peptide using solid-phase peptide synthesis. Selective deprotection of the silyl protecting groups, followed by sequential cyclization, deprotection of the allyl protecting groups, and further cyclization, enabled the regioselective formation of an analogue of rings D and E of nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Mothia
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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31
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Knerr PJ, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Qu H, Chen H, van der Donk WA, Lambris JD. Synthesis and activity of thioether-containing analogues of the complement inhibitor compstatin. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:753-60. [PMID: 21520911 DOI: 10.1021/cb2000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are essential for the structural stability and biological activity of many bioactive peptides. However, these bonds are labile to reducing agents, which can limit the therapeutic utility of such peptides. Substitution of a disulfide bond with a reduction-resistant cystathionine bridge is an attractive means of improving stability while imposing minimal structural perturbation to the peptide. We have applied this approach to the therapeutic complement inhibitor compstatin, a disulfide-containing peptide currently in clinical trials for age-related macular degeneration, in an effort to maintain its potent activity while improving its biological stability. Thioether-containing compstatin analogues were produced via solid-phase peptide synthesis utilizing orthogonally protected cystathionine amino acid building blocks and solid-supported peptide cyclization. Overall, the affinity of these analogues for their biological target and potent inhibition of complement activation were largely maintained when compared to those of the parent disulfide-containing peptides. Thus, the improved stability to reduction conferred by the thioether bond makes this new class of compstatin peptides a promising alternative for therapeutic applications. Additionally, the versatility of this synthesis allows for exploration of disulfide-to-thioether substitution in a variety of other therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apostolia Tzekou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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32
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Mata L, Jiménez-Osés G, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Peregrina JM. Stereocontrolled Ring-Opening of a Hindered Sulfamidate with Nitrogen-Containing Aromatic Heterocycles: Synthesis of Chiral Quaternary Imidazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4034-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200479y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Mata
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, UA-CSIC, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, UA-CSIC, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, UA-CSIC, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, UA-CSIC, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
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33
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Muttenthaler M, Andersson A, de Araujo AD, Dekan Z, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF. Modulating Oxytocin Activity and Plasma Stability by Disulfide Bond Engineering. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8585-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100989w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, 4072 St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Asa Andersson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, 4072 St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Aline D. de Araujo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, 4072 St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Zoltan Dekan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, 4072 St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, 4072 St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, 4072 St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland
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34
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Sun M, Wang Y, Shen J, Xiao Y, Su Z, Ping Q. Octreotide-modification enhances the delivery and targeting of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes to somatostatin receptors expressing tumor in vitro and in vivo. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:475101. [PMID: 21030757 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/47/475101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Octreotide is believed to be the ligand of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) which are widely used in tumor diagnosis and clinical therapy. In the present work, a new targeting conjugate, octreotide-polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (Oct-PEG-PE), was developed for the assembling of liposome, and the effect of octreotide-modification on the enhancement of the delivery and targeting of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Oct-PEG-PE was synthesized by a three-step reaction involving two derivative intermediate formations of bis (p-nitrophenyl carbonate)-PEG ((pNP)(2)-PEG) and pNP-PEG-PE. The Oct-modified and unmodified liposomes (DOX-OL and DOX-CL) were prepared by the ammonium sulfate gradient method. Both drug uptake assay and cell apoptosis assay suggested that DOX-OL noticeably increased the uptake of DOX in SMMC-7721 cells and showed a more significant cytotoxicity, compared with DOX-CL. The effect of DOX-OL was remarkably inhibited by free octreotide. In contrast, no significant difference in drug cytotoxicity was found between DOX-OL and DOX-CL in CHO cells without obvious expression of SSTRs. The study of ex vivo fluorescence tissues imaging of BALB/c mice and in vivo tissue distribution of B16 tumor-bearing mice indicated that DOX-OL caused remarkable accumulation of DOX in melanoma tumors and the pancreas, in which the SSTRs are highly expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Suda S, Westerbeek A, O'Connor PM, Ross RP, Hill C, Cotter PD. Effect of Bioengineering Lacticin 3147 Lanthionine Bridges on Specific Activity and Resistance to Heat and Proteases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:1151-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karstad R, Isaksen G, Brandsdal BO, Svendsen JS, Svenson J. Unnatural Amino Acid Side Chains as S1, S1′, and S2′ Probes Yield Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides with Stability toward Chymotryptic Degradation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5558-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1006337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Karstad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Isaksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre and the Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Olav Brandsdal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre and the Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Norton RS. Mu-conotoxins as leads in the development of new analgesics. Molecules 2010; 15:2825-44. [PMID: 20428082 PMCID: PMC6257286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) contain a specific binding site for a family of cone shell toxins known as mu-conotoxins. As some VGSCs are involved in pain perception and mu-conotoxins are able to block these channels, mu-conotoxins show considerable potential as analgesics. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the three-dimensional structures and structure-function relationships of the mu-conotoxins, including their interaction with VGSCs. Truncated peptide analogues of the native toxins have been created in which secondary structure elements are stabilized by non-native linkers such as lactam bridges. Ultimately, it would be desirable to capture the favourable analgesic properties of the native toxins, in particular their potency and channel sub-type selectivity, in non-peptide mimetics. Such mimetics would constitute lead compounds in the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Norton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.
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To protect peptide pharmaceuticals against peptidases. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:210-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Moll GN, Kuipers A, Rink R. Microbial engineering of dehydro-amino acids and lanthionines in non-lantibiotic peptides. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 97:319-33. [PMID: 20140513 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This minireview focuses on the use of bacteria to introduce dehydroresidues and (methyl)lanthionines in (poly)peptides. It mainly describes the broad exploitation of bacteria containing lantibiotic enzymes for the engineering of these residues in a wide variety of peptides in particular in peptides unrelated to lantibiotics. Lantibiotic dehydratases dehydrate serines and threonines present in peptides preceded by a lantibiotic leader peptide thus forming dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine, respectively. These dehydroresidues can be coupled to cysteines thus forming (methyl)lanthionines. This coupling is catalysed by lantibiotic cyclases. The design, synthesis, and export of microbially engineered dehydroresidue and or lanthionine-containing peptides in non-lantibiotic peptides are reviewed, illustrated by some examples which demonstrate the high relevance of these special residues. This minireview is the first with special focus on the microbial engineering of nonlantibiotic peptides by exploiting lantibiotic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert N Moll
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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Goto Y, Iwasaki K, Torikai K, Murakami H, Suga H. Ribosomal synthesis of dehydrobutyrine- and methyllanthionine-containing peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3419-21. [PMID: 19503890 DOI: 10.1039/b904314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the ribosomal synthesis of methyllanthionine-containing cyclic peptides involving a site-specific incorporation of vinylglycine under the reprogrammed genetic code, followed by the isomerization of the vinylglycine to dehydrobutyrine, and the subsequent intramolecular Michael addition of a cysteine residue placed at a downstream position of the vinylglycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Goto
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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41
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McIntosh JA, Donia MS, Schmidt EW. Ribosomal peptide natural products: bridging the ribosomal and nonribosomal worlds. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:537-59. [PMID: 19642421 PMCID: PMC2975598 DOI: 10.1039/b714132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized bacterial natural products rival the nonribosomal peptides in their structural and functional diversity. The last decade has seen substantial progress in the identification and characterization of biosynthetic pathways leading to ribosomal peptide natural products with new and unusual structural motifs. In some of these cases, the motifs are similar to those found in nonribosomal peptides, and many are constructed by convergent or even paralogous enzymes. Here, we summarize the major structural and biosynthetic categories of ribosomally synthesized bacterial natural products and, where applicable, compare them to their homologs from nonribosomal biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. McIntosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Mohamed S. Donia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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42
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Moll G, Kuipers A, de Vries L, Bosma T, Rink R. A biological stabilization technology for peptide drugs: enzymatic introduction of thioether-bridges. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2009; 6:e1-e40. [PMID: 24128987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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43
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Erchegyi J, Grace CRR, Samant M, Cescato R, Piccand V, Riek R, Reubi JC, Rivier JE. Ring size of somatostatin analogues (ODT-8) modulates receptor selectivity and binding affinity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2668-75. [PMID: 18410084 PMCID: PMC2782568 DOI: 10.1021/jm701444y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, biological testing, and NMR studies of several analogues of H-c[Cys (3)-Phe (6)-Phe (7)-DTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Phe (11)-Cys (14)]-OH (ODT-8, a pan-somatostatin analogue, 1) have been performed to assess the effect of changing the stereochemistry and the number of atoms in the disulfide bridge on binding affinity. Cysteine at positions 3 and/or 14 (somatostatin numbering) were/was substituted with d-cysteine, norcysteine, D-norcysteine, homocysteine, and/or D-homocysteine. The 3D structure analysis of selected partially selective, bioactive analogues (3, 18, 19, and 21) was carried out in dimethylsulfoxide. Interestingly and not unexpectedly, the 3D structures of these analogues comprised the pharmacophore for which the analogues had the highest binding affinities (i.e., sst 4 in all cases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Erchegyi
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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44
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Grace CRR, Erchegyi J, Samant M, Cescato R, Piccand V, Riek R, Reubi JC, Rivier JE. Ring size in octreotide amide modulates differently agonist versus antagonist binding affinity and selectivity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2676-81. [PMID: 18410083 DOI: 10.1021/jm701445q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
H-DPhe (2)-c[Cys (3)-Phe (7)-DTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)]-Thr (15)-NH2 (1) (a somatostatin agonist, SRIF numbering) and H-Cpa (2)-c[DCys (3)-Tyr (7)-DTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)]-Nal (15)-NH2 (4) (a somatostatin antagonist) are based on the structure of octreotide that binds to three somatostatin receptor subtypes (sst 2/3/5) with significant binding affinity. Analogues of 1 and 4 were synthesized with norcysteine (Ncy), homocysteine (Hcy), or D-homocysteine (DHcy) at positions 3 and/or 14. Introducing Ncy at positions 3 and 14 constrained the backbone flexibility, resulting in loss of binding affinity at all sst s. The introduction of Hcy at positions 3 and 14 improved selectivity for sst 2 as a result of significant loss of binding affinity at the other sst s. Substitution by DHcy at position 3 in the antagonist scaffold (5), on the other hand, resulted in a significant loss of binding affinity at sst 2 and sst 3 as compared to the different affinities of the parent compound (4). The 3D NMR structures of the analogues in dimethylsulfoxide are consistent with the observed binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Rani R Grace
- Structural Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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45
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Svenson J, Stensen W, Brandsdal BO, Haug BE, Monrad J, Svendsen JS. Antimicrobial peptides with stability toward tryptic degradation. Biochemistry 2008; 47:3777-88. [PMID: 18307313 DOI: 10.1021/bi7019904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inherent instability of peptides toward metabolic degradation is an obstacle on the way toward bringing potential peptide drugs onto the market. Truncation can be one way to increase the proteolytic stability of peptides, and in the present study the susceptibility against trypsin, which is one of the major proteolytic enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, was investigated for several short and diverse libraries of promising cationic antimicrobial tripeptides. Quite surprisingly, trypsin was able to cleave very small cationic antimicrobial peptides at a substantial rate. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed stoichiometric interactions between selected peptides and trypsin, with dissociation constants ranging from 1 to 20 microM. Introduction of hydrophobic C-terminal amide modifications and likewise bulky synthetic side chains on the central amino acid offered an effective way to increased half-life in our assays. Analysis of the degradation products revealed that the location of cleavage changed when different end-capping strategies were employed to increase the stability and the antimicrobial potency. This suggests that trypsin prefers a bulky hydrophobic element in S1' in addition to a positively charged side chain in S1 and that this binding dictates the mode of cleavage for these substrates. Molecular modeling studies supported this hypothesis, and it is shown that small alterations of the tripeptide result in two very different modes of trypsin binding and degradation. The data presented allows for the design of stable cationic antibacterial peptides and/or peptidomimetics based on several novel design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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46
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Rink R, Kluskens LD, Kuipers A, Driessen AJM, Kuipers OP, Moll GN. NisC, the Cyclase of the Lantibiotic Nisin, Can Catalyze Cyclization of Designed Nonlantibiotic Peptides. Biochemistry 2007; 46:13179-89. [DOI: 10.1021/bi700106z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Rink
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon D. Kluskens
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Kuipers
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert N. Moll
- BiOMaDe Technology Foundation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Neffe AT, Bilang M, Grüneberg I, Meyer B. Rational optimization of the binding affinity of CD4 targeting peptidomimetics with potential anti HIV activity. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3482-8. [PMID: 17602545 DOI: 10.1021/jm070206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the design and synthesis of a CD4 binding peptidomimetic with potential as HIV entry inhibitor. Variation of side chains and amino terminus provided first structure-activity relationships and confirmed the activity of the compounds as well as the correctness of our approach [Neffe, A. T.; Bilang, M.; Meyer, B. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 3259-3267]. Here we describe optimizations at the carboxy terminus of the peptidomimetic CD4 ligands resulting in the highest binding affinity of KD = 6 microM for compound 4 determined with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Saturation transfer difference NMR experiments with two peptidomimetics give binding constants similar to the SPR experiments and verified the ligand binding epitope. The higher proteolytic stability of the peptidomimetics compared to the lead peptide is demonstrated in a pronase digestion assay. Comparison of modeling and analytical data shows good agreement of theoretical and practical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel T Neffe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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48
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Pakkala M, Hekim C, Soininen P, Leinonen J, Koistinen H, Weisell J, Stenman UH, Vepsäläinen J, Närvänen A. Activity and stability of human kallikrein-2-specific linear and cyclic peptide inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:348-53. [PMID: 17436344 DOI: 10.1002/psc.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human glandular kallikrein (KLK2) is a highly prostate-specific serine protease, which is mainly excreted into the seminal fluid, but part of which is also secreted into circulation from prostatic tumors. Since the expression level of KLK2 is elevated in aggressive tumors and it has been suggested to mediate the metastasis of prostate cancer, inhibition of the proteolytic activity of KLK2 is of potential therapeutic value. We have previously identified several KLK2-specific linear peptides by phage display technology. Two of its synthetic analogs, A R R P A P A P G (KLK2a) and G A A R F K V W W A A G (KLK2b), show specific inhibition of KLK2 but their sensitivity to proteolysis in vivo may restrict their potential use as therapeutic agents. In order to improve the stability of the linear peptides for in vivo use, we have prepared cyclic analogs and compared their biological activity and their structural stability. A series of cyclic variants with cysteine bridges were synthesized. Cyclization inactivated one peptide (KLK2a) and its derivatives, while the other peptide (KLK2b) and its derivatives remained active. Furthermore, backbone cyclization of KLK2b improved significantly the resistance against proteolysis by trypsin and human plasma. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that cyclization of the KLK2b peptides does not make the structures more rigid. In conclusion, we have shown that backbone cyclization of KLK2 inhibitory peptides can be used to increase stability without losing biological activity. This should render the peptides more useful for in vivo applications, such as tumor imaging and prostate cancer targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miikka Pakkala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Li B, van der Donk WA. Identification of essential catalytic residues of the cyclase NisC involved in the biosynthesis of nisin. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:21169-75. [PMID: 17513866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701802200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nisin is a post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptide that has been widely used in the food industry for several decades. It contains five cyclic thioether cross-links of varying sizes that are installed by a single enzyme, NisC, that catalyzes the addition of cysteines to dehydroamino acids. The recent x-ray crystal structure of NisC has provided the first insights into the catalytic residues responsible for the cyclization step during nisin biosynthesis. In this study, the conserved residues His(212), Arg(280), Asp(141), and Tyr(285) as well as the ligands to the zinc in the active site (Cys(284), Cys(330), and His(331)) were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis. Binding studies showed that all mutants had similar affinities for NisA. Activity assays showed that whereas His(212) and Asp(141) were essential for correct cyclization as judged by the antimicrobial activity of the final product, Arg(280) and Tyr(285) were not. Mutation of zinc ligands to alanine also abolished the enzymatic activity, and these mutant proteins were shown to contain decreased levels of zinc. These results show that the zinc is essential for activity and support a model in which the zinc is used to activate the cysteines in the substrate for nucleophilic attack. These findings also argue against an essential role of Arg(280) and Tyr(285) as an active site general acid/base in the mechanism of cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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50
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Avenoza A, Busto JH, Jiménez-Osés G, Peregrina JM. Stereoselective synthesis of orthogonally protected alpha-methylnorlanthionine. Org Lett 2007; 8:2855-8. [PMID: 16774274 DOI: 10.1021/ol060993r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] As the unusual amino acid norlanthionine (nor-Lan) has previously been incorporated into cyclic peptide analogues of the ring C of lantibiotic nisin, we report here the stereoselective synthesis of the new (S,R)- and (R,R)-alpha-methylnorlanthionines (alpha-Me-nor-Lan). The orthogonally protected derivatives of these compounds have also been prepared. The key step in the synthesis of these bisamino acids was the S(N)2 opening reaction of the corresponding cyclic sulfamidates with the SH group of appropriately protected l-cysteine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Logroño, Spain.
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