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Scott IC, Majithiya JB, Sanden C, Thornton P, Sanders PN, Moore T, Guscott M, Corkill DJ, Erjefält JS, Cohen ES. Interleukin-33 is activated by allergen- and necrosis-associated proteolytic activities to regulate its alarmin activity during epithelial damage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3363. [PMID: 29463838 PMCID: PMC5820248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is an IL-1 family alarmin released from damaged epithelial and endothelial barriers to elicit immune responses and allergic inflammation via its receptor ST2. Serine proteases released from neutrophils, mast cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes have been proposed to process the N-terminus of IL-33 to enhance its activity. Here we report that processing of full length IL-33 can occur in mice deficient in these immune cell protease activities. We sought alternative mechanisms for the proteolytic activation of IL-33 and discovered that exogenous allergen proteases and endogenous calpains, from damaged airway epithelial cells, can process full length IL-33 and increase its alarmin activity up to ~60-fold. Processed forms of IL-33 of apparent molecular weights ~18, 20, 22 and 23 kDa, were detected in human lungs consistent with some, but not all, proposed processing sites. Furthermore, allergen proteases degraded processed forms of IL-33 after cysteine residue oxidation. We suggest that IL-33 can sense the proteolytic and oxidative microenvironment during tissue injury that facilitate its rapid activation and inactivation to regulate the duration of its alarmin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Scott
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom.
| | - Jayesh B Majithiya
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Sanden
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Thornton
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Sanders
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Moore
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Guscott
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J Corkill
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
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2
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Xiang JC, Wang ZX, Cheng Y, Xia SQ, Wang M, Tang BC, Wu YD, Wu AX. Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines from Aniline and Two Distinct Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9210-9216. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Qing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Repka LM, Chekan JR, Nair SK, van der Donk WA. Mechanistic Understanding of Lanthipeptide Biosynthetic Enzymes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5457-5520. [PMID: 28135077 PMCID: PMC5408752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Lanthipeptides
are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally
modified peptides (RiPPs) that display a wide variety of biological
activities, from antimicrobial to antiallodynic. Lanthipeptides that
display antimicrobial activity are called lantibiotics. The post-translational
modification reactions of lanthipeptides include dehydration of Ser
and Thr residues to dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine, a transformation
that is carried out in three unique ways in different classes of lanthipeptides.
In a cyclization process, Cys residues then attack the dehydrated
residues to generate the lanthionine and methyllanthionine thioether
cross-linked amino acids from which lanthipeptides derive their name.
The resulting polycyclic peptides have constrained conformations that
confer their biological activities. After installation of the characteristic
thioether cross-links, tailoring enzymes introduce additional post-translational
modifications that are unique to each lanthipeptide and that fine-tune
their activities and/or stability. This review focuses on studies
published over the past decade that have provided much insight into
the mechanisms of the enzymes that carry out the post-translational
modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Repka
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Satish K Nair
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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Gholizadeh A. Interaction of L-amino Acids with the Fusion Structures of a Cysteine Proteinase/Cystatin Pair. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381602006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Yang X, van der Donk WA. Post-translational Introduction of D-Alanine into Ribosomally Synthesized Peptides by the Dehydroalanine Reductase NpnJ. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12426-9. [PMID: 26361061 PMCID: PMC4599312 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized peptides are generally limited to L-amino acid building blocks. Given the advantageous properties of peptides containing D-amino acids such as stabilization of certain turns and against proteolytic degradation, methods to introduce D-stereocenters are valuable. Here we report the first in vitro reconstitution and characterization of a dehydrogenase that carries out the asymmetric reduction of dehydroalanine. NpnJA reduces dehydroalanine to D-Ala using NAPDH as cosubstrate. The enzyme displays high substrate tolerance allowing introduction of D-Ala into a range of non-native substrates. In addition to the in vitro reactions, we describe five examples of using Escherichia coli as biosynthetic host for D-alanine introduction into ribosomal peptides. A deuterium-label-based coupled-enzyme assay was used to rapidly determine the stereochemistry of the newly installed alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Gholizadeh A. Differential effects of D-amino acids on the fusion forms of a cysteine proteinase/cystatin pair. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed neurodegeneration after transient global brain ischemia offers a therapeutic window for inhibiting molecular injury mechanisms. One such mechanism is calpain-mediated proteolysis, which peaks 24 to 48 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia in rats. This study tests the hypothesis that delayed calpain inhibitor therapy can reduce brain calpain activity and neurodegeneration after transient forebrain ischemia. DESIGN Prospective randomized placebo-controlled animal trial. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male Long-Evans rats. INTERVENTIONS Rats subjected to 10-min transient forebrain ischemia were randomized to intravenous infusion of calpain inhibitor CEP-3453 or vehicle beginning 22 hrs after injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In a dose-response study, a 60 mg/kg bolus followed by 30 mg/kg infusion was required to reduce postischemic brain calpain activity measured by Western blot of hippocampal homogenates at 48 hrs after injury. The same dosing protocol decreased degeneration of CA1 pyramidal neurons measured at 72 hrs after injury. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a causal role for calpains in delayed postischemic neurodegeneration, and demonstrate a broad therapeutic window for calpain inhibition in this model.
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Liu T, Schneider RA, Shah V, Huang Y, Likhotvorik RI, Keshvara L, Hoyt DG. Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 regulates calpain activity and the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:20. [PMID: 19545424 PMCID: PMC2708161 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The peptidyl-proline isomerase, Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 (PIN1), regulates turnover of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) stimulated with E. coli endotoxin (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN). Degradation of iNOS was reduced by a calpain inhibitor, suggesting that PIN1 may affect induction of other calpain-sensitive inflammatory proteins, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, in MAEC. Methods MAEC, transduced with lentivirus encoding an inactive control short hairpin (sh) RNA or one targeting PIN1 that reduced PIN1 by 85%, were used. Cells were treated with LPS/IFN, calpain inhibitors (carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal (zVF), PD150606), cycloheximide and COX inhibitors to determine the effect of PIN1 depletion on COX-2 and calpain. Results LPS or IFN alone did not induce COX-2. However, treatment with 10 μg LPS plus 20 ng IFN per ml induced COX-2 protein 10-fold in Control shRNA MAEC. Induction was significantly greater (47-fold) in PIN1 shRNA cells. COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 production increased 3-fold in KD MAEC, but did not increase in Control cells. The additional increase in COX-2 protein due to PIN1 depletion was post-transcriptional, as induction of COX-2 mRNA by LPS/IFN was the same in cells containing or lacking PIN1. Instead, the loss of COX-2 protein, after treatment with cycloheximide to block protein synthesis, was reduced in cells lacking PIN1 in comparison with Control cells, indicating that degradation of the enzyme was reduced. zVF and PD150606 each enhanced the induction of COX-2 by LPS/IFN. zVF also slowed the loss of COX-2 after treatment with cycloheximide, and COX-2 was degraded by exogenous μ-calpain in vitro. In contrast to iNOS, physical interaction between COX-2 and PIN1 was not detected, suggesting that effects of PIN1 on calpain, rather than COX-2 itself, affect COX-2 degradation. While cathepsin activity was unaltered, depletion of PIN1 reduced calpain activity by 55% in comparison with Control shRNA cells. Conclusion PIN1 reduced calpain activity and slowed the degradation of COX-2 in MAEC, an effect recapitulated by an inhibitor of calpain. Given the sensitivity of COX-2 and iNOS to calpain, PIN1 may normally limit induction of these and other calpain substrates by maintaining calpain activity in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzheng Liu
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, and The Dorothy M, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA,.
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9
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Rasbach KA, Arrington DD, Odejinmi S, Giguere C, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Identification and optimization of a novel inhibitor of mitochondrial calpain 10. J Med Chem 2009; 52:181-8. [PMID: 19072163 DOI: 10.1021/jm800735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 10 has been localized to the mitochondria and is a key mediator of Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A peptide screen followed by a series of modifications identified the homodisulfide form of CYGAK (CYGAK)(2) as an inhibitor of calpain 10 while showing no inhibitory activity against calpain 1. Methylation or truncation of the N-terminal cysteine significantly reduced the inhibitory activity of (CYGAK)(2) and inhibition was reversed by reducing agents, suggesting that CYGAK forms a disulfide with a cysteine near the active site. Data suggests CYGAK may be a P' calpain inhibitor and may achieve its specificity through this mechanism. CYGAK inhibited calpain activity in intact mitochondria, renal cells, and hepatocytes, prevented Ca(2+) induced cleavage of NDUFV2, and blocked Ca(2+) induced state III dysfunction. (CYGAK)(2) is the first P' specific calpain inhibitor and will be a valuable tool to prevent Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and explore the function of calpain 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Rasbach
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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10
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Calpain inhibition attenuates right ventricular contractile dysfunction after acute pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 44:59-68. [PMID: 18068185 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular contractile failure from acute RV pressure overload is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but the mechanism of RV failure in this setting is incompletely defined. We hypothesized that RV dysfunction from acute RV pressure overload is, in part, due to activation of calpain, and that calpain inhibition would therefore attenuate RV dysfunction. Anesthetized, open chest pigs were treated with the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 or with inactive vehicle, and then subjected to acute RV pressure overload for 90 min. RV contractile function was assessed by the regional Frank-Starling relation. RV myocardial tissue was analyzed for evidence of calpain activation and calpain-mediated proteolysis. RV pressure overload caused severe contractile dysfunction, along with significant alterations in the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin typical of calpain activation. MDL-28170 attenuated RV free wall dysfunction by more than 50%. However, there were no differences in degradation of spectrin, desmin, troponin-I or SERCA2 between SHAM operated pigs and pigs subjected to acute RV pressure overload, or between vehicle and MDL-28170 treated pigs. Acute RV pressure overload causes calpain activation, and RV contractile dysfunction from acute RV pressure overload is attenuated by the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170; however, the effect is not explained by inhibition of calpain-mediated degradation of spectrin, desmin, troponin-I or SERCA2. Because this is the first report of any agent that can directly attenuate RV contractile dysfunction in acute RV pressure overload, further investigation of the mechanism of action of MDL-28170 in this setting is warranted.
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11
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Cuerrier D, Moldoveanu T, Campbell RL, Kelly J, Yoruk B, Verhelst SHL, Greenbaum D, Bogyo M, Davies PL. Development of Calpain-specific Inactivators by Screening of Positional Scanning Epoxide Libraries. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:9600-9611. [PMID: 17218315 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610372200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-dependent proteases that are required for numerous intracellular processes but also play an important role in the development of pathologies such as ischemic injury and neurodegeneration. Many current small molecule calpain inhibitors also inhibit other cysteine proteases, including cathepsins, and need improved selectivity. The specificity of inhibition of several calpains and papain was profiled using synthetic positional scanning libraries of epoxide-based compounds that target the active-site cysteine. These peptidomimetic libraries probe the P4, P3, and P2 positions, display (S,S)- or (R,R)-epoxide stereochemistries, and incorporate both natural and non-natural amino acids. To facilitate library screening, an SDS-PAGE assay that measures the extent of hydrolysis of an inactive recombinant m-calpain was developed. Individual epoxide inhibitors were synthesized guided by calpain-specific preferences observed from the profiles and tested for inhibition against calpain. The most potent compounds were assayed for specificity against cathepsins B, L, and K. Several compounds demonstrated high inhibition specificity for calpains over cathepsins. The best of these inhibitors, WRH(R,R), irreversibly inactivates m- and mu-calpain rapidly (k(2)/K(i) = 131,000 and 16,500 m(-1) s(-1), respectively) but behaves exclusively as a reversible and less potent inhibitor toward the cathepsins. X-ray crystallography of the proteolytic core of rat mu-calpain inactivated by the epoxide compounds WR gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid (S,S) and WR allylglycine (R,R) reveals that the stereochemistry of the epoxide influences positioning and orientation of the P2 residue, facilitating alternate interactions within the S2 pocket. Moreover, the WR gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid (S,S)-complexed structure defines a novel hydrogen-bonding site within the S2 pocket of calpains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Cuerrier
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tudor Moldoveanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Kelly
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bilge Yoruk
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Califorina 94305
| | - Doron Greenbaum
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Califorina 94305
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Califorina 94305
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Protein Function Discovery Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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12
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Sanders ML, Donkor IO. A novel series of urea-based peptidomimetic calpain inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1965-8. [PMID: 16412635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of peptide aldehyde derivatives in which the P(2) chiral carbon has been replaced with nitrogen were synthesized as urea-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of mu-calpain. The compounds mirrored the general SAR of peptidyl aldehyde calpain inhibitors but displayed greater selectivity for mu-calpain over cathepsin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee Sanders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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13
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Lescop C, Herzner H, Siendt H, Bolliger R, Henneböhle M, Weyermann P, Briguet A, Courdier-Fruh I, Erb M, Foster M, Meier T, Magyar JP, von Sprecher A. Novel cell-penetrating α-keto-amide calpain inhibitors as potential treatment for muscular dystrophy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5176-81. [PMID: 16185867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptide-derived alpha-keto-amide compounds with potent calpain inhibitory activity have been identified. These reversible covalent inhibitors have IC(50) values down to 25nM and exhibit greatly improved activity in muscle cells compared to the reference compound MDL28170. Several novel calpain inhibitors have shown positive effects on histological parameters in an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy demonstrating their potential as a treatment option for this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lescop
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Hammerstrasse 25, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
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Götz MG, Caffrey CR, Hansell E, McKerrow JH, Powers JC. Peptidyl allyl sulfones: a new class of inhibitors for clan CA cysteine proteases. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:5203-11. [PMID: 15351403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new series of peptidyl allyl sulfone inhibitors was discovered while trying to synthesize epoxy sulfone inhibitors from vinyl sulfones using basic oxidizing conditions. The various dipeptidyl allyl sulfones were evaluated with calpain I, papain, cathepsins B and L, cruzain and rhodesain and found to be potent inhibitors. In comparison to the previously developed class of vinyl sulfone inhibitors, the novel dipeptidyl allyl sulfones were more potent inhibitors than the corresponding dipeptidyl vinyl sulfones. It was observed that the stereochemistry of the vinyl sulfone precursor played a role in the potency of the dipeptidyl allyl sulfone inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion G Götz
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
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15
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Wells GJ, Bihovsky R. Calpain inhibitors as potential treatment for stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases: recent trends and developments. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.8.12.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Bihovsky R, Tao M, Mallamo JP, Wells GJ. 1,2-Benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide alpha-ketoamide analogues as potent calpain I inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1035-8. [PMID: 15013018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent 1,2-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide alpha-ketoamide inhibitors of calpain I is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Bihovsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cephalon, Inc. 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380-4245, USA
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17
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Kunz S, Niederberger E, Ehnert C, Coste O, Pfenninger A, Kruip J, Wendrich TM, Schmidtko A, Tegeder I, Geisslinger G. The calpain inhibitor MDL 28170 prevents inflammation-induced neurofilament light chain breakdown in the spinal cord and reduces thermal hyperalgesia. Pain 2004; 110:409-18. [PMID: 15275793 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since long-term hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord has been suggested to be caused and maintained by changes of protein expression we assessed protein patterns in lumbar spinal cord during a zymosan induced paw inflammation employing two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. 2D PAGE revealed a time-dependent breakdown of scaffolding proteins one of which was neurofilament light chain (NFL) protein, which has been previously found to be important for axonal architecture and transport. Nociception induced breakdown of NFL in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglias was prevented by pretreatment of the animals with a single dose of the specific inhibitor of the protease calpain (MDL-28170) which has been shown to be the primary protease involved in neurofilament degradation in neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment with the calpain inhibitor also provided anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects in the zymosan-induced paw inflammation model irrespective of whether the drug was administered systemically (i.p.) or delivered onto the lumbar spinal cord. This suggests that the activation of calpain is involved in the sensitization of nociceptive neurons what is partly due to neurofilament breakdown but cleavage of other calpain substrates may also be involved. Our results indicate that inhibition of pathological calpain activity may present an interesting novel drug target in the treatment of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kunz
- pharmazentrum frankfurt, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Payne RJ, Brown KM, Coxon JM, Morton JD, Lee HYY, Abell AD. Peptidic Aldehydes Based on α- and β-Amino Acids: Synthesis, Inhibition of m-Calpain, and Anti-Cataract Properties. Aust J Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ch04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a new synthesis of SJA6017 (a potent m-calpain inhibitor) and its adaptation in order to prepare analogues in which the constituent Leu and Val residues are systematically replaced with their corresponding β-amino acids and/or the N-terminal fluorophenylsulfonyl group is replaced by a water solubilizing N-pyridin-3-ylmethoxycarbonyl group. All compounds have been assayed against m-calpain, and the best inhibitor, SJA6017, has been shown to inhibit the development of opacity in a lens culture system design to mimic cataract.
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19
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Donkor IO, Korukonda R, Huang TL, LeCour L. Peptidyl aldehyde inhibitors of calpain incorporating P2-proline mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:783-4. [PMID: 12617890 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four new peptidyl aldehydes bearing proline mimetics at the P(2)-position were synthesized and studied as inhibitors of calpain I, cathepsin B, and selected serine proteases. The ring size of the P(2)-constraining residue influenced the inhibitory potency and selectivity of the compounds for calpain I compared to the other proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Donkor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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20
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Inoue J, Nakamura M, Cui YS, Sakai Y, Sakai O, Hill JR, Wang KKW, Yuen PW. Structure-activity relationship study and drug profile of N-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-L-valyl-L-leucinal (SJA6017) as a potent calpain inhibitor. J Med Chem 2003; 46:868-71. [PMID: 12593666 DOI: 10.1021/jm0201924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel N-arylsulfonyldipeptidyl aldehyde derivatives were prepared by DMSO oxidation from the corresponding dipeptide alcohol, and their potencies as calpain inhibitors were evaluated in vitro. Among them, N-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-l-valyl-l-leucinal (8, SJA6017) potently inhibited calpains. 8 also inhibited cathepsin B and L but did not inhibit other cysteine proteases (interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme), serine proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, factor VIIa, factor Xa), or proteasome. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies of 8 exhibited a relatively safe profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Inoue
- Kobe Creative Center, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 1-5-4 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2241, Japan.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Cell and Molecular Biology Program and Molecular, Cellular, and Integration Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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22
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Wells GJ, Tao M, Josef KA, Bihovsky R. 1,2-Benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide P(2)-P(3) peptide mimetic aldehyde calpain I inhibitors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3488-503. [PMID: 11585453 DOI: 10.1021/jm010178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of peptide mimetic aldehyde inhibitors of calpain I was prepared in which the P(2) and P(3) amino acids were replaced by substituted 3,4-dihydro-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxides. The effect of 2, 6, and 7-benzothiazine substituents and the P(1) amino acid was examined. Potency of these inhibitors, 15c-p, against human recombinant calpain I is particularly dependent upon the 2-substituent, with methyl and ethyl generally more potent than hydrogen, isopropyl, isobutyl, or benzyl. The more potent diastereomer of 15m possesses the (S) absolute configuration at the 3-position of the 3,4-dihydro-1,2-benzothiazine. Potency of the best inhibitors in this series (IC(50) = 5-7 nM) compares favorably with that of conventional N-benzyloxycarbonyl dipeptide aldehyde inhibitors bearing L-Leu or L-Val residues at P(2). The achiral unsaturated 1,2-benzothiazine analogues 26a-d are also potent calpain I inhibitors, while 3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxathiin (15a,b), 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine (32a,b), and tetrahydroisoquinolinone (36a,b) analogues are less potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Wells
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, USA
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23
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Josef KA, Kauer FW, Bihovsky R. Potent peptide alpha-ketohydroxamate inhibitors of recombinant human calpain I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2615-7. [PMID: 11551762 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent dipeptide and tripeptide alpha-ketohydroxamic esters was prepared as inhibitors of recombinant human calpain I. Compound 3c, a Cbz-Leu-Phe hydroxamate, displayed the greatest potency against calpain I (IC(50)=6nM), while two compounds, 3l and 3m, both possessing the Cbz-Leu-Leu-Phe sequence, were the most potent (IC(50)=0.2 microM) in a MOLT-4 cell assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Josef
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380-4245, USA.
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24
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Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of d-Homophenylalanyl Epoxysuccinate Inhibitors of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Cruzain. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Tripathy R, Ator MA, Mallamo JP. Calpain inhibitors based on the quiescent affinity label concept: high rates of calpain inactivation with leaving groups derived from N-hydroxy peptide coupling reagents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2315-9. [PMID: 11055346 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of irreversible inhibitors of recombinant calpain has been synthesized and their rates of inactivation have been evaluated against calpain and cathepsin B, respectively. The design of the inhibitors was based on the quiescent affinity label concept. By choosing the appropriate affinity group and by employing leaving groups derived from N-hydroxy coupling reagents, good inhibitors of calpain with high rates of inactivation have been identified. However, poor aqueous stability limits their therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tripathy
- Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA.
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26
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Kahn K, Bruice TC. Alpha-ketoamides and alpha-ketocarbonyls: conformational analysis and development of all-atom OPLS force field. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1881-91. [PMID: 11003132 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structures and barriers for the internal rotation around the OC-CO single bond in four alpha-ketoamides and eight alpha-ketocarbonyls have been determined from the MP3/aug-cc-pVDZ and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations. Alpha-ketocarbonyls with non-bulky substituents adopt planar conformations with two carbonyl oxygens in s-trans arrangement. The s-cis conformation is significantly less stable due to the electrostatic repulsion between the two carbonyl groups. Primary and secondary alpha-ketoamides are planar when the substituent at the carbonyl carbon is hydrogen or methyl group but tertiary alpha-ketoamides adopt a conformation where the OC-CO unit is significantly bent. Based on current ab initio structural data, a set of OPLS-AA force field parameters has been derived. These parameters can be used for the modeling of a variety of alpha-ketoamide or alpha-ketocarbonyl containing drugs such as novel protease inhibitors or neuroregenerative polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, 93106, USA
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27
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Chatterjee S, Dunn D, Tao M, Wells G, Gu ZQ, Bihovsky R, Ator MA, Siman R, Mallamo JP. P2-achiral, P'-extended alpha-ketoamide inhibitors of calpain I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2371-4. [PMID: 10476871 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent P2-achiral, P'-extended alpha-ketoamide inhibitors of calpain I is described.
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28
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Tripathy R, Gu ZQ, Dunn D, Senadhi SE, Ator MA, Chatterjee S. P2-proline-derived inhibitors of calpain I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2647-52. [PMID: 9873596 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and biological activities of a series of calpain I inhibitors, derived from D- and L-Pro, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380-4245, USA
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