1
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Cai BG, Li Q, Xuan J. Copper-catalyzed 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-triazoles synthesis through [3+2]-cycloaddition of nitrile ylides with azodicarboxylates. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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2
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Hao L, Wang G, Sun J, Xu J, Li H, Duan G, Xia C, Zhang P. From Phenylhydrazone to 1
H
‐1,2,4‐Triazoles via Nitrification, Reduction and Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Hao
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuang Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Duan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
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3
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Recent advances in the application of acetophenone in heterocyclic compounds synthesis. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Burkett DJ, Wyatt BN, Mews M, Bautista A, Engel R, Dockendorff C, Donaldson WA, St Maurice M. Evaluation of α-hydroxycinnamic acids as pyruvate carboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:4041-4047. [PMID: 31351848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Through a structure-based drug design project (SBDD), potent small molecule inhibitors of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) have been discovered. A series of α-keto acids (7) and α-hydroxycinnamic acids (8) were prepared and evaluated for inhibition of PC in two assays. The two most potent inhibitors were 3,3'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-propenoic acid] (8u) and 2-hydroxy-3-(quinoline-2-yl)propenoic acid (8v) with IC50 values of 3.0 ± 1.0 μM and 4.3 ± 1.5 μM respectively. Compound 8v is a competitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate (Ki = 0.74 μM) and a mixed-type inhibitor with respect to ATP, indicating that it targets the unique carboxyltransferase (CT) domain of PC. Furthermore, compound 8v does not significantly inhibit human carbonic anhydrase II, matrix metalloproteinase-2, malate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Burkett
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Brittney N Wyatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Mallory Mews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Anson Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Ryan Engel
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - William A Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
| | - Martin St Maurice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
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5
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Vickers C, Silva APG, Chakraborty A, Fernandez P, Kurepina N, Saville C, Naranjo Y, Pons M, Schnettger LS, Gutierrez MG, Park S, Kreiswith BN, Perlin DS, Thomas EJ, Cavet JS, Tabernero L. Structure-Based Design of MptpB Inhibitors That Reduce Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survival and Infection Burden in Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8337-8352. [PMID: 30153005 PMCID: PMC6459586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein-tyrosine-phosphatase B (MptpB) is a secreted virulence factor that subverts antimicrobial activity in the host. We report here the structure-based design of selective MptpB inhibitors that reduce survival of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains in macrophages and enhance killing efficacy by first-line antibiotics. Monotherapy with an orally bioavailable MptpB inhibitor reduces infection burden in acute and chronic guinea pig models and improves the overall pathology. Our findings provide a new paradigm for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare
F. Vickers
- The
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ana P. G. Silva
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester
Academic Health Science Centre, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ajanta Chakraborty
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester
Academic Health Science Centre, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Fernandez
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester
Academic Health Science Centre, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Kurepina
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical
School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Charis Saville
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester
Academic Health Science Centre, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Yandi Naranjo
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Pons
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura S. Schnettger
- Host−Pathogen
Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Maximiliano G. Gutierrez
- Host−Pathogen
Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Park
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical
School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Barry N. Kreiswith
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical
School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - David S. Perlin
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical
School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Eric J. Thomas
- The
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Cavet
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester
Academic Health Science Centre, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester
Academic Health Science Centre, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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6
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Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel Isoxazole-Containing Pyrazole Oxime Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122000. [PMID: 29186906 PMCID: PMC6149770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, in order to find novel biologically active pyrazole oxime derivatives, twenty-eight new pyrazole oxime compounds containing a substituted isoxazole ring were synthesized and evaluated for their acaricidaland insecticidal activities. Bioassays exhibited that some target compounds indicated good acaricidal and insecticidal activities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Aphis medicaginis, Mythimna separata, and Nilaparvata lugens. Especially, compounds 9c, 9h, 9u, and 9v showed 100.00%, 90.56%, 90.78%, and 90.62% insecticidal activities against A. medicaginis at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, respectively, compounds 9k and 9u had 70.86% and 100.00% insecticidal activities against M. separata at 20 μg/mL, respectively.
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7
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Gill A, Werz UR, Maas G. N-vinylation and N-allylation of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles by N–H insertion of vinylcarbenoids. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A vinylcarbenoid approach toward N-functionalization of NH-pyrazoles is presented. The rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of methyl styryl-diazoacetate (1) or dimethyl 2-diazoglutaconate (3) with 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles gave products of carbenoid N–H insertion in high combined yields, although regioselectivity issues posed by the pyrazole or the vinylcarbenoid moiety as well as positional and configurational isomerism concerning the C,C double bond of the latter led to product mixtures. The ambident reactivity of the vinylcarbenoid derived from 1 could be steered by the catalyst: while Rh2(OAc)4 yielded products of direct carbenoid insertion preferentially, silver(I) catalysis strongly favored reaction at the vinylogous site of the carbenoid resulting in an N-allylation of the pyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agagia Gill
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Udo R. Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerhard Maas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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8
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Pařík P, Chlupatý T. New Chiral and Achiral Imines and Bisimines Derived from 2-Phenyl-1 H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde. Synthesis, Structural Studies and Complexation Stability Constants. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Pařík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - T. Chlupatý
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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9
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Li HM, Xu C, Hao XQ, Li Z, Wang ZQ, Fu WJ, Song MP. Cationic cyclopalladated ferrocenylpyrimidine complex as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of substituted biarylmethanol by the Suzuki reaction in water. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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4-Azolylphenyl isoxazoline insecticides acting at the GABA gated chloride channel. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3001-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Moskvina VS, Ishchenko AA, Khilya VP. Convenient synthetic method for 6-substituted derivatives of 4-methylumbelliferone. Chem Nat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Zhuang ZP, Kung MP, Hou C, Lee CW, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Kung HF. Novel probes for imaging amyloid: Iodinated benzothiazole derivatives. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580440111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Yang Q, Jiang Y, Kuang C. Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Monosubstituted 1-Aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles from Arylboronic Acids and Prop-2-ynoic Acid (=Propiolic Acid) or Calcium Acetylide (=Calcium Carbide) as Acetylene Source. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Steunenberg P, Ruggi A, van den Berg NS, Buckle T, Kuil J, van Leeuwen FW, Velders AH. Phosphorescence Imaging of Living Cells with Amino Acid-Functionalized Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:2105-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201860s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Steunenberg
- Supramolecular Chemistry and
Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Supramolecular Chemistry and
Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke S. van den Berg
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121,
1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging
Section, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121,
1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging
Section, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joeri Kuil
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121,
1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging
Section, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121,
1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging
Section, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Supramolecular Chemistry and
Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- BioNanoTechnology
group, Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science Wageningen University, Dreijenplein
6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Meng Q, Ding D, Yang H, Gao G, Li D, Zhu W, Zhou H. Identification of Trypanosoma brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors by pharmacophore- and docking-based virtual screening and synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1240-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Musatov DM, Starodubtseva EV, Rakishev AK, Turova OV, Vinogradov MG. Synthesis of 3-aminomethyl-substituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428011080136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Lytvyn R, Horak Y, Matiychuk V, Obushak M, Kinzhybalo V. 1-{5-[2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiophen-2-yl}ethanone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o585. [PMID: 21522346 PMCID: PMC3052071 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811003965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the title molecule, C13H8ClF3OS, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and tiophene rings is 54.37 (5)°. The acethyl group is twisted by 8.1 (2)° with respect to the thiophene ring. The CF3 group is disordered over two sets of sites with occupations of 0.49 (3) and 0.51 (3). The crystal packing features C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers which are connected into chains along the c axis by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—Cl⋯π [Cl⋯π = 3.415 (1) Å and C—Cl⋯π = 151.56 (5)°] interactions. The chains are further connected into layers perpendicular to the a axis by C—H⋯O interactions.
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18
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The [Pd(bipy)]2+ “merry-go-round”: Insights into the lability of the Pd–N bond. CR CHIM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Reactions of 1,3,5-triazinylnitro-formaldoximes. 2*. The reaction of 1,3,5-triazinylnitroformaldoximes with monosubstituted acetylenes. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Primas N, Bouillon A, Lancelot JC, Rault S. Synthesis of 2-TIPS-oxazol-5-ylboronic acid pinacol ester: efficient route to 5-(het)aryloxazoles via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Lu RJ, Tucker JA, Pickens J, Ma YA, Zinevitch T, Kirichenko O, Konoplev V, Kuznetsova S, Sviridov S, Brahmachary E, Khasanov A, Mikel C, Yang Y, Liu C, Wang J, Freel S, Fisher S, Sullivan A, Zhou J, Stanfield-Oakley S, Baker B, Sailstad J, Greenberg M, Bolognesi D, Bray B, Koszalka B, Jeffs P, Jeffries C, Chucholowski A, Sexton C. Heterobiaryl Human Immunodeficiency Virus Entry Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4481-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900330x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jian Lu
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - John A. Tucker
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jason Pickens
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - You-An Ma
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Tatiana Zinevitch
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Olga Kirichenko
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Vitalii Konoplev
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | | | - Sergey Sviridov
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Enugurthi Brahmachary
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alisher Khasanov
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Charles Mikel
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Yang Yang
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Changhui Liu
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jian Wang
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Stephanie Freel
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Shelly Fisher
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Alana Sullivan
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | | | - Brian Baker
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Jeff Sailstad
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Michael Greenberg
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Dani Bolognesi
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Brian Bray
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Barney Koszalka
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Peter Jeffs
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alexander Chucholowski
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Connie Sexton
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
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22
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Yang Y, Hu HG, Zhao QJ, Yu SC, Dan ZG, Zou Y, Wu QY. One-pot synthesis of 7-bromo-1-[4-(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)]-phenyl-[1,2,4]-triazole-[4,3-a]-quinoxalin. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Obushak MD, Matiychuk VS, Lytvyn RZ. Synthesis and reactions of 5-aryl-2-thiophenecarbaldehydes. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-008-0135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Kumar S, Jaller D, Patel B, LaLonde JM, DuHadaway JB, Malachowski WP, Prendergast GC, Muller AJ. Structure based development of phenylimidazole-derived inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4968-77. [PMID: 18665584 PMCID: PMC3159384 DOI: 10.1021/jm800512z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is emerging as an important new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections, and other diseases characterized by pathological immune suppression. With the goal of developing more potent IDO inhibitors, a systematic study of 4-phenylimidazole (4-PI) derivatives was undertaken. Computational docking experiments guided design and synthesis efforts with analogues of 4-PI. In particular, three interactions of 4-PI analogues with IDO were studied: the active site entrance, the interior of the active site, and the heme iron binding. The three most potent inhibitors (1, 17, and 18) appear to exploit interactions with C129 and S167 in the interior of the active site. All three inhibitors are approximately 10-fold more potent than 4-PI. The study represents the first example of enzyme inhibitor development with the recently reported crystal structure of IDO and offers important lessons in the search for more potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, USA
| | - Daniel Jaller
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096, USA
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, USA
| | - Judith M. LaLonde
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, USA
| | - James B. DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096, USA
| | | | - George C. Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096, USA
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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25
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Design and synthesis of potent amido- and benzyl-substituted cis-3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl DPP-IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6707-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Tomoda H, Omura S. Potential therapeutics for obesity and atherosclerosis: Inhibitors of neutral lipid metabolism from microorganisms. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 115:375-89. [PMID: 17614133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) are the enzymes that catalyze the final reactions of triacylgycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis, and accumulation of TG and CE in adipocytes and arteries causes obesity and atherosclerosis, respectively. Therefore, DGAT and ACAT have been viewed as potential therapeutic targets for these diseases. From the screening program for DGAT inhibitors, new compounds were discovered from fungal and plant extracts, and are expected to provide leads for drug development. From the screening programs for ACAT inhibitors and lipid droplet synthesis inhibitors, new compounds with chemical structures different from those of known synthetic inhibitors were discovered from the cultures of fungal and actinomycete strains. Among them, fungal beauveriolide III rather selectively inhibited ACAT1 isozyme, while fungal pyripyropene A was found to be a highly selective inhibitor of ACAT2 isozyme. Both inhibitors proved orally active in in vivo models. Furthermore, a library of beauveriolide and pyripyropene analogs was prepared by combinatorial and semisynthetic methods, respectively. The future prospects of these inhibitors are discussed.
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27
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Toyota K, Horikawa K, Jensen RS, Omori K, Kawasaki S, Ito S, Yoshifuji M, Morita N. Improved Preparative Method for 1,2-Diaryl-3,4-diphosphinidenecyclobutenes and Its Application to the Studies of 1,2-Bis(arylthienyl)-3,4-diphosphinidenecyclobutenes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Hayakawa M, Kaizawa H, Moritomo H, Koizumi T, Ohishi T, Okada M, Ohta M, Tsukamoto SI, Parker P, Workman P, Waterfield M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-morpholino-2-phenylquinazolines and related derivatives as novel PI3 kinase p110alpha inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:6847-58. [PMID: 16837202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-morpholino-2-phenylquinazolines and related derivatives were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of PI3 kinase p110alpha. In this series, the thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivative 15e showed the strongest inhibitory activity against p110alpha, with an IC(50) value of 2.0 nM, and inhibited proliferation of A375 melanoma cells with an IC(50) value of 0.58 microM. Moreover, 15e was found to be selective for p110alpha over other PI3K isoforms and protein kinases, making it the first example of a selective PI3K p110alpha inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hayakawa
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2698, Japan.
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29
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Alacid E, Nájera C. Solvent-Less and Fluoride-Free Hiyama Reaction of Arylsiloxanes with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides Promoted by Sodium Hydroxide: A Useful Protocol for Palladium Recycling and Product Isolation. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Haberhauer G, Oeser T, Rominger F. Molecular scaffold for the construction of three-armed and cage-like receptors. Chemistry 2006; 11:6718-26. [PMID: 16130155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient procedure was developed for the synthesis of the C3-symmetric molecular scaffold 2. The latter can easily be converted by a single step into either the three-armed receptors 11-16 or the cage-like receptor 17. X-ray structures were obtained for 2, 11, and 16, which are discussed in regard to their aptitude as receptor platforms. The interaction of the three-armed receptors 12-16 and the cage-like receptor 17 with phloroglucinol was investigated. In accordance with the conclusions obtained from molecular modeling and X-ray crystallographic studies on the host-guest complexes, the three-armed bipyridine receptor 16 exhibits, due to its induced fit, a larger association constant toward phloroglucinol than the cage 17. This new receptor system shows all of the positive features characteristic of 2,4,6-trialkylbenzene receptor systems, such as conformational control by steric gearing, ready availability, and versatility in derivatization. These attributes, combined with the advantageous size of the components, allows this system to be readily tailored to provide receptors for larger, biologically important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebhard Haberhauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Handy CJ, Manoso AS, McElroy WT, Seganish WM, DeShong P. Recent advances in siloxane-based aryl–aryl coupling reactions: focus on heteroaromatic systems. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Leon C, Hill JS, Wasan KM. Potential role of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol transferase (ACAT) Inhibitors as hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerosis drugs. Pharm Res 2005; 22:1578-88. [PMID: 16180116 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-6306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol transferase (ACAT) is an integral membrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. ACAT catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and fatty acyl coenzyme A. The cholesteryl esters are stored as cytoplasmic lipid droplets inside the cell. This process is very important to the organism as high cholesterol levels have been associated with cardiovascular disease. In mammals, two ACAT genes have been identified, ACAT1 and ACAT2. ACAT1 is ubiquitous and is responsible for cholesteryl ester formation in brain, adrenal glands, macrophages, and kidneys. ACAT2 is expressed in the liver and intestine. The inhibition of ACAT activity has been associated with decreased plasma cholesterol levels by suppressing cholesterol absorption and by diminishing the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins such as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). ACAT inhibition also prevents the conversion of macrophages into foam cells in the arterial walls, a critical event in the development of atherosclerosis. This review paper will focus on the role of ACAT in cholesterol metabolism, in particular as a target to develop novel therapeutic agents to control hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leon
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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33
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Sechi M, Sannia L, Carta F, Palomba M, Dallocchio R, Dessì A, Derudas M, Zawahir Z, Neamati N. Design of novel bioisosteres of beta-diketo acid inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Antivir Chem Chemother 2005; 16:41-61. [PMID: 15739621 DOI: 10.1177/095632020501600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an attractive and validated target for the development of novel therapeutics against AIDS. Significant efforts have been devoted to the identification of IN inhibitors using various methods. In this context, through virtual screening of the NCI database and structure-based drug design strategies, we identified several pharmacophoric fragments and incorporated them on various aromatic or heteroaromatic rings. In addition, we designed and synthesized a series of 5-aryl(heteroaryl)-isoxazole-3-carboxylic acids as biological isosteric analogues of beta-diketo acid containing inhibitors of HIV-1 IN and their derivatives. Further computational docking studies were performed to investigate the mode of interactions of the most active ligands with the IN active site. Results suggested that some of the tested compounds could be considered as lead compounds and suitable for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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34
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Jo YW, Im WB, Rhee JK, Shim MJ, Kim WB, Choi EC. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of oxazolidinones containing pyridine substituted with heteroaromatic ring. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:5909-15. [PMID: 15498667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 08/18/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of oxazolidinone derivatives, which morpholino group of linezolid was replaced with heteroaromatic ring substituted pyridine moiety, were newly synthesized, and their substituted effects on in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities were evaluated against four problematic gram-positive strains including drug resistant strains and two gram-negative strains. Most compounds exhibited the enhanced in vitro activities with 4-16-fold and three compounds exerted more than 2-fold increased in vivo efficacies than linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Woo Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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35
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Maurin C, Bailly F, Cotelle P. Improved preparation and structural investigation of 4-aryl-4-oxo-2-hydroxy-2-butenoic acids and methyl esters. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Chinchilla R, Nájera C, Yus M. Metalated Heterocycles and Their Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2667-722. [PMID: 15137804 DOI: 10.1021/cr020101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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37
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Sechi M, Sannia L, Orecchioni M, Carta F, Paglietti G, Neamati N. Structural investigation of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Illescas BM, Martı́nez-Alvarez R, Fernández-Gadea J, Martı́n N. Synthesis of water soluble fulleropyrrolidines bearing biologically active arylpiperazines. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Sliskovic DR, Picard JA, Krause BR. ACAT inhibitors: the search for a novel and effective treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 39:121-71. [PMID: 12536672 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drago R Sliskovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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40
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Paulson AS, Eskildsen J, Vedsø P, Begtrup M. Sequential functionalization of pyrazole 1-oxides via regioselective metalation: synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1-hydroxypyrazoles. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3904-7. [PMID: 12027711 DOI: 10.1021/jo015997i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A range of 3,5-diarylated and 3,4,5-triarylated 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrazole 1-oxides have been prepared by regioselective deprotonation at C-5 or bromine-magnesium exchange at C-3 or C-4 followed by transmetalation with ZnCl(2) and palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling. Furthermore, the metalated pyrazole 1-oxides could be trapped with electrophiles. The sequential metalation/functionalization of the pyrazole 1-oxides may follow the order C-5, C-3, C-4, or alternatively the order C-3, C-5, C-4. The 4-methoxybenzyl group of the functionalized 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrazole 1-oxides could be removed by treatment with TFA and i-Pr(3)SiH in CH(2)Cl(2), providing the corresponding functionalized 1-hydroxypyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sif Paulson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Ohishi K, Aiyama R, Hatano H, Yoshida Y, Wada Y, Yokoi W, Sawada H, Watanabe T, Yokokura T. Structure-activity relationships of N-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-n-octyloxycinnamoyl)-N'-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)piperazine and analogues as inhibitors of acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:830-9. [PMID: 11456087 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors were synthesized from a lead compound, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenylhept-1-en-3-one (1, Yakuchinone B) through a modification of three regions (A, B, C) in the molecule. In this study, the compounds prepared were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity on microsomal ACAT from the liver of rats and for in vivo hypocholesterolemic activity in rats given a high cholesterol diet. N-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-n-octyloxycinnamoyl)-N'-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)piperazine (45), which belongs to the amide compounds, has finally been discovered. Compound 45 inhibited rat hepatic ACAT in a more striking manner than CI-976, an amide compound ACAT inhibitor, and it exhibited a high level of hypocholesterolemic activity in vivo. Since 45 strongly inhibited both microsomal ACAT prepared from HepG2 (a cell line derived from human hepatocarcinoma) and Caco2 (a cell line derived from human colon adenocarcinoma), there is speculation that 45 might have the ability to inhibit ACAT in both the human intestine and liver independent of the difference in the distribution of ACAT isozymes. On the other hand, 45 did not induce adrenotoxicity in subacute toxicity studies in rats. These results suggest that it has promise for development as a new therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohishi
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan.
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42
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Zhuang ZP, Kung MP, Hou C, Skovronsky DM, Gur TL, Plössl K, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Kung HF. Radioiodinated styrylbenzenes and thioflavins as probes for amyloid aggregates. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1905-14. [PMID: 11384236 DOI: 10.1021/jm010045q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time that small molecule-based radiodiodinated ligands, showing selective binding to Abeta aggregates, cross the intact blood-brain barrier by simple diffusion. Four novel ligands showing preferential labeling of amyloid aggregates of Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) peptides, commonly associated with plaques in the brain of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), were developed. Two 125I-labeled styrylbenzenes, (E,E)-1-iodo-2,5-bis(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene, 12 (ISB), and (E,E)-1-iodo-2,5-bis(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-methoxy)styrylbenzene, 13 (IMSB), and two 125I-labeled thioflavins, 2-[4'-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-iodobenzothiazole, 18a (TZDM), and 2-[4'-(4''-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-6-iodobenzothiazole, 18b (TZPI), were prepared at a high specific activity (2200 Ci/mmol). In vitro binding studies of these ligands showed excellent binding affinities with Kd values of 0.08, 0.13, 0.06, and 0.13 nM for aggregates of Abeta(1-40) and 0.15, 0.73, 0.14, and 0.15 nM for aggregates of Abeta(1-42), respectively. Interestingly, under a competitive-binding assaying condition, different binding sites on Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) aggregates, which are mutually exclusive, were observed for styrylbenzenes and thioflavins. Autoradiography studies of postmortem brain sections of a patient with Down's syndrome known to contain primarily Abeta(1-42) aggregates in the brain showed that both [(125)I]18a and [125I]18b labeled these brain sections, but [125I]13, selective for Abeta(1-40) aggregates, exhibited very low labeling of the comparable brain section. Biodistribution studies in normal mice after an iv injection showed that [125I]18a and [(125)I]18b exhibited excellent brain uptake and retention, the levels of which were much higher than those of [125I]12 and [125I]13. These findings strongly suggest that the new radioiodinated ligands, [125I]12 (ISB), [125I]13 (IMSB), [125I]18a (TZDM), and [125I]18b (TZPI), may be useful as biomarkers for studying Abeta(1-40) as well as Abeta(1-42) aggregates of amyloidogenesis in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Zhuang
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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43
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Magdolen P, Mečiarová M, Toma Š. Ultrasound effect on the synthesis of 4-alkyl-(aryl)aminobenzaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Rodríguez-Franco I, Dorronsoro I, Martínez A, Castro A. Studies on the reactivity of someN-aryl- andN-heteroaryl-N'-alkylthioureas towards electrophilic reagents. Synthesis of newN-pyridylthioureas and thiazolines maría. J Heterocycl Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570380220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Zhang N, Thomas L, Wu B. Palladium-catalyzed selective cross-coupling between 2-bromopyridines and aryl bromides. J Org Chem 2001; 66:1500-2. [PMID: 11312989 DOI: 10.1021/jo005682n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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46
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Garrido F, Raeppel S, Mann A, Lautens M. Practical synthesis of acetophenones from phenoltriflates. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Abstract
The new therapeutic options available to clinicians treating dyslipidaemia in the last decade have enabled effective treatment for many patients. The development of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been a major advance in that they possess multiple pharmacological effects (pleiotropic effects) resulting in potent reductions of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and prevention of the atherosclerotic process. More recently, the newer fibric acid derivatives have also reduced LDL to levels comparable to those achieved with statins, have reduced triglycerides, and gemfibrozil has been shown to increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Nicotinic acid has been made tolerable with sustained-release formulations, and is still considered an excellent choice in elevating HDL cholesterol and is potentially effective in reducing lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, an emerging risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Furthermore, recent studies have reported positive lipid-lowering effects from estrogen and/or progestogen in postmenopausal women but there are still conflicting reports on the use of these agents in dyslipidaemia and in females at risk for CHD. In addition to lowering lipid levels, these antihyperlipidaemic agents may have directly or indirectly targeted thrombogenic, fibrinolytic and atherosclerotic processes which may have been unaccounted for in their overall success in clinical trials. Although LDL cholesterol is still the major target for therapy, it is likely that over the next several years other lipid/lipoprotein and nonlipid parameters will become more generally accepted targets for specific therapeutic interventions. Some important emerging lipid/lipoprotein parameters that have been associated with CHD include elevated triglyceride, oxidised LDL cholesterol and Lp(a) levels, and low HDL levels. The nonlipid parameters include elevated homocysteine and fibrinogen, and decreased endothelial-derived nitric oxide production. Among the new investigational agents are inhibitors of squalene synthetase, acylCoA: cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, monocyte-macrophages and LDL cholesterol oxidation. Future applications may include thyromimetic therapy, cholesterol vaccination, somatic gene therapy, and recombinant proteins, in particular, apolipoproteins A-I and E. Non-LDL-related targets such as peroxisome proliferator-activating receptors, matrix metalloproteinases and scavenger receptor class B type I may also have clinical significance in the treatment of atherosclerosis in the near future. Before lipid-lowering therapy, dietary and lifestyle modification is and should be the first therapeutic intervention in the management of dyslipidaemia. Although current recommendations from the US and Europe are slightly different, adherence to these recommendations is essential to lower the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease, more specifically CHD. New guidelines that are expected in the near future will encompass global opinions from the expert scientific community addressing the issue of target LDL goal (aggressive versus moderate lowering) and the application of therapy for newer emerging CHD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Chong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, and Cook County Hospital, Chicago 60612-3785, USA.
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48
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von Bergmann K, Jones PH. Therapy and clinical trials. Curr Opin Lipidol 1998; 9:519-20. [PMID: 9868585 DOI: 10.1097/00041433-199812000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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