1
|
Stampf JL, Ciotu CI, Heber S, Boehm S, Fischer MJM, Salzer I. Analgesic Action of Acetaminophen via Kv7 Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010650. [PMID: 36614094 PMCID: PMC9820628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of acetaminophen (APAP) analgesia is at least partially unknown. Previously, we showed that the APAP metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) activated Kv7 channels in neurons in vitro, and this activation of Kv7 channels dampened neuronal firing. Here, the effect of the Kv7 channel blocker XE991 on APAP-induced analgesia was investigated in vivo. APAP had no effect on naive animals. Induction of inflammation with λ-carrageenan lowered mechanical and thermal thresholds. Systemic treatment with APAP reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, and co-application of XE991 reduced APAP's analgesic effect on mechanical pain. In a second experiment, the analgesic effect of systemic APAP was not antagonized by intrathecal XE991 application. Analysis of liver samples revealed APAP and glutathione-coupled APAP indicative of metabolization. However, there were no relevant levels of these metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting no relevant APAP metabolite formation in the CNS. In summary, the results support an analgesic action of APAP by activating Kv7 channels at a peripheral site through formation of the metabolite NAPQI.
Collapse
|
2
|
Borgini M, Mondal P, Liu R, Wipf P. Chemical modulation of Kv7 potassium channels. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:483-537. [PMID: 34046626 PMCID: PMC8128042 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in Kv7 modulators originates from their ability to evoke fundamental electrophysiological perturbations in a tissue-specific manner. A large number of therapeutic applications are, in part, based on the clinical experience with two broad-spectrum Kv7 agonists, flupirtine and retigabine. Since precise molecular structures of human Kv7 channel subtypes in closed and open states have only very recently started to emerge, computational studies have traditionally been used to analyze binding modes and direct the development of more potent and selective Kv7 modulators with improved safety profiles. Herein, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of small molecule modulators and the representative biological properties are summarized. Furthermore, new therapeutic applications supported by in vitro and in vivo assay data are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borgini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Pravat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Venkateshan M, Muthu M, Suresh J, Ranjith Kumar R. Azafluorene derivatives as inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 RdRp: Synthesis, physicochemical, quantum chemical, modeling and molecular docking analysis. J Mol Struct 2020; 1220:128741. [PMID: 32834110 PMCID: PMC7309803 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-phenyl-5H-indeno [( Cheng et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2003) 1,21,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Ia) and 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5H-indeno [( Cheng et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2003) 1,21,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Ib) were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both the compounds belong to the triclinic system with the P-1 space group. The azafluorene ring system in both the compounds is effectively planar. The intermolecular interactions present in the compounds are discussed using Hirshfeld surface analysis, QTAIM and NCI. Compound Ib formed a strong interaction (−24.174 kJ/mol) with the solvent molecule. Both the compounds were geometry optimized using DFT/B3LYP level of theory. The compound’s drug-like behaviors were studied using HOMO-LUMO analysis. The homology modeling of SARS CoV-2 RdRp was done utilizing the PDB 6NUR_A as a template. The model showed above 99% similarity with its preceder SARS CoV. The molecular docking analysis of the synthesized compounds was carried out along with some suggested drugs for COVID-19 and some phytochemicals. The docking results were then analyzed. The binding free energy of the complexes were calculated using MM-PB(GB)SA and ADMET properties of Ia and Ib were also predicted. Some suggestions are given from this analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Venkateshan
- Department of Physics, The Madura College, Madurai, 625011, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Muthu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Suresh
- Department of Physics, The Madura College, Madurai, 625011, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johnson BM, Shu YZ, Zhuo X, Meanwell NA. Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6315-6386. [PMID: 32182061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applications of fluorine in drug design continue to expand, facilitated by an improved understanding of its effects on physicochemical properties and the development of synthetic methodologies that are providing access to new fluorinated motifs. In turn, studies of fluorinated molecules are providing deeper insights into the effects of fluorine on metabolic pathways, distribution, and disposition. Despite the high strength of the C-F bond, the departure of fluoride from metabolic intermediates can be facile. This reactivity has been leveraged in the design of mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors and has influenced the metabolic fate of fluorinated compounds. In this Perspective, we summarize the literature associated with the metabolism of fluorinated molecules, focusing on examples where the presence of fluorine influences the metabolic profile. These studies have revealed potentially problematic outcomes with some fluorinated motifs and are enhancing our understanding of how fluorine should be deployed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Zhuo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Porter JD, Vivas O, Weaver CD, Alsafran A, DiMilo E, Arnold LA, Dickson EJ, Dockendorff C. An anthrone-based Kv7.2/7.3 channel blocker with improved properties for the investigation of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126681. [PMID: 31668424 PMCID: PMC6858848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel Kv7.2/7.3 (KCNQ2/3) channel blockers was synthesized to address several liabilities of the known compounds XE991 (metabolic instability and CYP inhibition) and the clinical compound DMP 543 (acid instability, insolubility, and lipophilicity). Using the anthrone scaffold of the prior channel blockers, alternative heteroarylmethyl substituents were installed via enolate alkylation reactions. Incorporation of a pyridazine and a fluorinated pyridine gave an analog (compound 18, JDP-107) with a promising combination of potency (IC50 = 0.16 μM in a Kv7.2 thallium flux assay), efficacy in a Kv7.2/7.3 patch clamp assay, and drug-like properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - C David Weaver
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Abdulmohsen Alsafran
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Elliot DiMilo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar S, Kumar V, Chimni SS. Indium-Mediated Barbier allylations of Hydroxyanthraquinones: An Expedient synthesis of Novel 10-Alkenyl-10-Hydroxy-9(10H)-Anthracenones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823400103167660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Indium-mediated allylations of 1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone with allyl, cinnamyl and crotonyl bromides/ chlorides and 1,4- and 1,5- dihydroxy derivatives with allyl bromide in THF–MeOH–H2O gave the respective 10-alkenyl-10-hydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones in excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar - 143 005, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar - 143 005, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Greene DL, Kosenko A, Hoshi N. Attenuating M-current suppression in vivo by a mutant Kcnq2 gene knock-in reduces seizure burden and prevents status epilepticus-induced neuronal death and epileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1908-1918. [PMID: 30146722 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The M-current is a low-threshold voltage-gated potassium current generated by Kv7 subunits that regulates neural excitation. It is important to note that M-current suppression, induced by activation of Gq-coupled neurotransmitter receptors, can dynamically regulate the threshold of action-potential firing and firing frequency. Here we sought to directly examine whether M-current suppression is involved in seizures and epileptogenesis. METHODS Kv7.2 knock-in mice lacking the key protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation acceptor site for M-current suppression were generated by introducing an alanine substitution at serine residue 559 of mouse Kv7.2, mKv7.2(S559A). Basic electrophysiologic properties of the M-current between wild-type and Kv7.2(S559A) knock-in mice were analyzed in primary cultured neurons. Homozygous Kv7.2(S559A) knock-in mice were used to evaluate the protective effect of mutant Kv7.2 channel against chemoconvulsant-induced seizures. In addition, pilocarpine-induced neuronal damage and spontaneously recurrent seizures were evaluated after equivalent chemoconvulsant-induced status epilepticus was achieved by coadministration of the M-current-specific channel inhibitor, XE991. RESULT Neurons from Kv7.2(S559A) knock-in mice showed normal basal M-currents. Knock-in mice displayed reduced M-current suppression when challenged by a muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine-M. Kv7.2(S559A) mice were resistant to chemoconvulsant-induced seizures with no mortality. Administration of XE991 transiently exacerbated seizures in knock-in mice equivalent to those of wild-type mice. Valproate, which disrupts neurotransmitter-induced M-current suppression, showed no additional anticonvulsant effect in Kv7.2(S559A) mice. After experiencing status epilepticus, Kv7.2(S559A) knock-in mice did not show seizure-induced cell death or spontaneous recurring seizures. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence that neurotransmitter-induced suppression of M-current generated by Kv7.2-containing channels exacerbates behavioral seizures. In addition, prompt recovery of M-current after status epilepticus prevents subsequent neuronal death and the development of spontaneously recurrent seizures. Therefore, prompt restoration of M-current activity may have a therapeutic benefit for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek L Greene
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Anastasia Kosenko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Naoto Hoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Discovery of a retigabine derivative that inhibits KCNQ2 potassium channels. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1359-66. [PMID: 23933653 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Retigabine, an activator of KCNQ2-5 channels, is currently used to treat partial-onset seizures. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that structure modification of retigabine could lead to novel inhibitors of KCNQ2 channels, which were valuable tools for KCNQ channel studies. METHODS A series of retigabine derivatives was designed and synthesized. KCNQ2 channels were expressed in CHO cells. KCNQ2 currents were recorded using whole-cell voltage clamp technique. Test compound in extracellular solution was delivered to the recorded cell using an ALA 8 Channel Solution Exchange System. RESULTS A total of 23 retigabine derivatives (HN31-HN410) were synthesized and tested electrophysiologically. Among the compounds, HN38 was the most potent inhibitor of KCNQ2 channels (its IC50 value=0.10 ± 0.05 μmol/L), and was 7-fold more potent than the classical KCNQ inhibitor XE991. Further analysis revealed that HN38 (3 μmol/L) had no detectable effect on channel activation, but accelerated deactivation at hyperpolarizing voltages. In contrast, XE991 (3 μmol/L) did not affect the kinetics of channel activation and deactivation. CONCLUSION The retigabine derivative HN38 is a potent KCNQ2 inhibitor, which differs from XE991 in its influence on the channel kinetics. Our study provides a new strategy for the design and development of potent KCNQ2 channel inhibitors.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheung YY, Yu H, Xu K, Zou B, Wu M, McManus OB, Li M, Lindsley CW, Hopkins CR. Discovery of a series of 2-phenyl-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)acetamides as novel molecular switches that modulate modes of K(v)7.2 (KCNQ2) channel pharmacology: identification of (S)-2-phenyl-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)butanamide (ML252) as a potent, brain penetrant K(v)7.2 channel inhibitor. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6975-9. [PMID: 22793372 DOI: 10.1021/jm300700v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A potent and selective inhibitor of KCNQ2, (S)-5 (ML252, IC(50) = 69 nM), was discovered after a high-throughput screen of the MLPCN library was performed. SAR studies revealed a small structural change (ethyl group to hydrogen) caused a functional shift from antagonist to agonist activity (37, EC(50) = 170 nM), suggesting an interaction at a critical site for controlling gating of KCNQ2 channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Portilla J, Lizarazo C, Cobo J, Glidewell C. A π-stacked chain of hydrogen-bonded dimers in 3-tert-butyl-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-phenylindeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5(1H)-one and a π-stacked sheet of hydrogen-bonded chains in 3-tert-butyl-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)indeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5(1H)-one. Acta Crystallogr C 2011; 67:o479-83. [PMID: 22138919 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270111045082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In 3-tert-butyl-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-phenylindeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5(1H)-one, C(29)H(22)ClN(3)O, (I), inversion-related pairs of molecules are linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds to form R(2)(2)(18) dimers, which are themselves linked into a chain by a π-π stacking interaction between inversion-related pairs of molecules. In 3-tert-butyl-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)indeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5(1H)-one, C(30)H(24)ClN(3)O(2), (II), which crystallizes in the space group P-1, with Z' = 2 and with different orientations for the methoxy groups in the two independent molecules, a combination of C-H···O and C-H···π(arene) hydrogen bonds links the molecules into chains of rings, which are further linked into sheets by a π-π stacking interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Portilla
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Bio-orgánicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 18A-10, Edificio H, A.A. 4976, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Cao D, Liu W, Jiang H, Meier H. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Homotriptycenes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5531-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200110w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Darvesh AS, Carroll RT, Geldenhuys WJ, Gudelsky GA, Klein J, Meshul CK, Van der Schyf CJ. In vivo brain microdialysis: advances in neuropsychopharmacology and drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:109-127. [PMID: 21532928 PMCID: PMC3083031 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.547189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Microdialysis is an important in vivo sampling technique, useful in the assay of extracellular tissue fluid. The technique has both pre-clinical and clinical applications but is most widely used in neuroscience. The in vivo microdialysis technique allows measurement of neurotransmitters such as acetycholine (ACh), the biogenic amines including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT), amino acids such as glutamate (Glu) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), as well as the metabolites of the aforementioned neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides in neuronal extracellular fluid in discrete brain regions of laboratory animals such as rodents and non-human primates. AREAS COVERED: In this review we present a brief overview of the principles and procedures related to in vivo microdialysis and detail the use of this technique in the pre-clinical measurement of drugs designed to be used in the treatment of chemical addiction, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and as well as psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. This review offers insight into the tremendous utility and versatility of this technique in pursuing neuropharmacological investigations as well its significant potential in rational drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION: In vivo microdialysis is an extremely versatile technique, routinely used in the neuropharmacological investigation of drugs used for the treatment of neurological disorders. This technique has been a boon in the elucidation of the neurochemical profile and mechanism of action of several classes of drugs especially their effects on neurotransmitter systems. The exploitation and development of this technique for drug discovery in the near future will enable investigational new drug candidates to be rapidly moved into the clinical trial stages and to market thus providing new successful therapies for neurological diseases that are currently in demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altaf S. Darvesh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Psychiatry, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Richard T. Carroll
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Gary A. Gudelsky
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jochen Klein
- Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
| | - Charles K. Meshul
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Pathology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Portland Veterans Affairs Research Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Cornelis J. Van der Schyf
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Neurobiology, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Role of Fluorine in the Discovery and Optimization of CNS Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(10)45026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
14
|
The facilitating effect of systemic administration of Kv7/M channel blocker XE991 on LTP induction in the hippocampal CA1 area independent of muscarinic activation. Neurosci Lett 2009; 461:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Cooper EC. Potassium Channels: How Genetic Studies of Epileptic Syndromes Open Paths to New Therapeutic Targets and Drugs. Epilepsia 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2001.0s009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Cooper
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, and Northern California Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yeung SYM, Greenwood IA. Electrophysiological and functional effects of the KCNQ channel blocker XE991 on murine portal vein smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146:585-95. [PMID: 16056238 PMCID: PMC1751185 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the KCNQ channel blockers XE991, chromanol 293B and linopirdine, was studied on voltage-dependent K+ currents in smooth muscle cells dissociated freshly from mouse portal vein (mPV) and isometric tension recordings from whole mPV. Voltage clamp experiments showed XE991 inhibited an outward current in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5.8 microM. Block was voltage independent. Chromanol 293B and linopirdine also blocked the voltage-dependent K+ current but were less potent than XE991. At least two components--a linear (I(linear)) and an outward relaxation (I(out))--contributed to the XE991-sensitive conductance. XE991-sensitive currents were sustained at all test potentials and XE991 inhibited the enhanced holding current at -60 mV produced by bathing cells in an external solution containing 36 mM KCl. Current clamp experiments in the perforated-patch configuration showed XE991 and linopirdine depolarised the resting membrane potential and augmented the evoked response in a concentration-dependent manner. In functional experiments the spontaneous contractile activity of the mPV was increased significantly by XE991 and linopirdine. The stimulatory effect of XE991 was not affected by the presence of 4-AP, glibenclamide nor paxilline. These data provide evidence for an important role for KCNQ channels in governing cellular excitability in mPV smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuk Yin M Yeung
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wickenden AD, Roeloffs R, McNaughton-Smith G, Rigdon GC. KCNQ potassium channels: drug targets for the treatment of epilepsy and pain. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.14.4.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
18
|
Korsgaard MPG, Hartz BP, Brown WD, Ahring PK, Strøbaek D, Mirza NR. Anxiolytic effects of Maxipost (BMS-204352) and retigabine via activation of neuronal Kv7 channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:282-92. [PMID: 15814569 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.083923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Kv7 channels are recognized as potential drug targets for treating hyperexcitability disorders such as pain, epilepsy, and mania. Hyperactivity of the amygdala has been described in clinical and preclinical studies of anxiety, and therefore, neuronal Kv7 channels may be a relevant target for this indication. In patch-clamp electrophysiology on cell lines expressing Kv7 channel subtypes, Maxipost (BMS-204352) exerted positive modulation of all neuronal Kv7 channels, whereas its R-enantiomer was a negative modulator. By contrast, at the Kv7.1 and the large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels, the two enantiomers showed the same effect, namely, negative and positive modulation at the two channels, respectively. At GABA(A) receptors (alpha1beta2gamma2s and alpha2beta2gamma2s) expressed in Xenopus oocytes, BMS-204352 was a negative modulator, and the R-enantiomer was a positive modulator. The observation that the S- and R-forms exhibited opposing effects on neuronal Kv7 channel subtypes allowed us to assess the potential role of Kv7 channels in anxiety. In vivo, BMS-204352 (3-30 mg/kg) was anxiolytic in the mouse zero maze and marble burying models of anxiety, with the effect in the burying model antagonized by the R-enantiomer (3 mg/kg). Likewise, the positive Kv7 channel modulator retigabine was anxiolytic in both models, and its effect in the burying model was blocked by the Kv7 channel inhibitor 10,10-bis-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-10H-anthracen-9-one (XE-991) (1 mg/kg). Doses at which BMS-204352 and retigabine induce anxiolysis could be dissociated from effects on sedation or memory impairment. In conclusion, these in vitro and in vivo studies provide compelling evidence that neuronal Kv7 channels are a target for developing novel anxiolytics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P G Korsgaard
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, Ballerup, DK-2750, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clark AG, Booth SE, Morrow JA. Therapeutic potential of potassium channel modulators for CNS disorders. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.13.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
K(+) channels play critical roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including the regulation of heart rate, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, insulin secretion, epithelial electrolyte transport, cell volume regulation, and cell proliferation. As such, K(+) channels have been recognized as potential therapeutic drug targets for many years. Unfortunately, progress toward identifying selective K(+) channel modulators has been severely hampered by the need to use native currents and primary cells in the drug-screening process. Today, however, more than 80 K(+) channel and K(+) channel-related genes have been identified, and an understanding of the molecular composition of many important native K(+) currents has begun to emerge. The identification of these molecular K(+) channel drug targets should lead to the discovery of novel drug candidates. A summary of progress is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wickenden
- Icagen Inc., Suite 460, 4222 Emperor Boulevard, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cooper EC. Potassium channels: how genetic studies of epileptic syndromes open paths to new therapeutic targets and drugs. Epilepsia 2002; 42 Suppl 5:49-54. [PMID: 11887968 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.0420s5049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
How can epilepsy gene hunting lead to better care for patients with epilepsy? Lessons may be learned from the progress made by identifying the mutated genes that cause Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions (BFNC). In 1998, a decade of clinical and laboratory-based genetics work resulted in the cloning of the KCNQ2 potassium channel gene at the BFNC locus on chromosome 20. Subsequently, computer "mining" of public DNA databases allowed the rapid identification of three more brain KCNQ genes. Mutations in each of these additional genes were implicated as causes of human hereditary diseases: epilepsy (KCNQ3), deafness (KCNQ4), and, possibly, retinal degeneration (KCNQ5). Physiologists discovered that the KCNQ genes encoded subunits of the "M-channel," a type of potassium channel known to control repetitive neuronal discharges. Finally, pharmacologists discovered that retigabine, a novel anticonvulsant with a broad but distinctive efficacy profile in animal studies, was a potent KCNQ channel opener. These studies suggest that KCNQ channels may be an important new class of targets for anticonvulsant therapies. The efficacy of retigabine is currently being tested in multicenter clinical trials; identification of its molecular targets will allow it to be more efficiently exploited as a "lead compound." Cloned human KCNQ channels can now be expressed in cultured cells for "high-throughput" screening of drug candidates. Ongoing studies of the KCNQ channels in humans and animal models will refine our understanding of how M-channels control excitability at the cellular, network, and behavioral levels, and may reveal additional targets for therapeutic manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Northern California Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0725, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brown BS, Yu SP. Modulation and genetic identification of the M channel. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 73:135-66. [PMID: 10958929 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(00)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels constitute a superfamily of the most diversified ion channels, acting in delicate and accurate ways to control or modify many physiological and pathological functions including membrane excitability, transmitter release, cell proliferation and cell degeneration. The M-type channel is a unique ligand-regulated and voltage-gated K(+) channel showing distinct physiological and pharmacological characteristics. This review will cover some important progress in the study of M channel modulation, particularly focusing on membrane transduction mechanisms. The K(+) channel genes corresponding to the M channel have been identified and will be reviewed in detail. It has been a long journey since the discovery of M current in 1980 to our present understanding of the mysterious mechanisms for M channel modulation; a journey which exemplifies tremendous achievements in ion channel research and exciting discoveries of elaborate modulatory systems linked to these channels. While substantial evidence has accumulated, challenging questions remain to be answered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Brown
- General Pharmacology Department, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, DE 19880-0400, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chapter 2. Potassium channel modulators for the treatment of CNS disorders. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(01)36042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
24
|
Andreani A, Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M, Pietra C, Villetti G. 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with antiamnesic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35:77-82. [PMID: 10733605 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)00103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (Ach) enhancement, useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), may be obtained by means of ion channel modulators such as 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). 4-AP is also the central ring of tacrine, the first drug approved for the treatment of AD. The synthesis and pharmacological activity of three 4-AP derivatives, prepared with the aim of improving their antiamnesic activity, is here described. In two of these compounds 4-AP is connected to 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), whereas in the third it is connected to 2-indolinone, i.e., the skeleton of linopirdine, another Ach enhancing agent. The new compounds showed potent antiamnesic activity in comparison with piracetam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Andreani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita' di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|