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Kubica S, Szota-Czyż J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Adamska J, Bębenek E, Chrobak E, Gola JM. The Influence of Betulin Derivatives EB5 and ECH147 on the Expression of Selected TGFβ Superfamily Genes, TGFβ1, GDF15 and BMP2, in Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9961-9975. [PMID: 38132468 PMCID: PMC10741875 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin derivatives are proposed to serve as an alternative to the drugs already established in oncologic treatment. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity leading to acute kidney injury frequently accompanies cancer treatment, and thus there is a need to research the effects of betulin derivatives on renal cells. The objective of our study was to assess the influence of the betulin derivatives 28-propynylobetulin (EB5) and 29-diethoxyphosphoryl-28-propynylobetulin (ECH147) on the expression of TGFβ1, BMP2 and GDF15 in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) cultured in vitro. The changes in mRNA expression and copy numbers were assessed using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and the standard curve method, respectively. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the effect of the betulin derivatives on the protein concentration in the culture media's supernatant. The assessment of the betulin derivatives' influence on gene expression demonstrated that the mRNA level and protein concentration did not always correlate with each other. Each of the tested compounds affected the mRNA expression. The RT-qPCR analyses showed that EB5 and ECH147 induced effects similar to those of betulin or cisplatin and resulted in a decrease in the mRNA copy number of all the analyzed genes. The ELISA demonstrated that EB5 and ECH147 elevated the protein concentration of TGFβ1 and GDF15, while the level of BMP2 decreased. The concentration of the derivatives used in the treatment was crucial, but the effects did not always exhibit a simple linear dose-dependent relationship. Betulin and its derivatives, EB5 and ECH147, influenced the gene expression of TGFβ1, BMP2 and GDF15 in the renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. The observed effects raise the question of whether treatment with these compounds could promote the development of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kubica
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (J.S.-C.); (J.A.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Justyna Szota-Czyż
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (J.S.-C.); (J.A.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (J.S.-C.); (J.A.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (J.S.-C.); (J.A.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Joanna Magdalena Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (J.S.-C.); (J.A.); (J.M.G.)
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2
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Chen G, Pan F, Gao Y, Li H, Qin X, Jiang Y, Qi J, Xie J, Jia S. Analysis of Components and Properties of Extractives from Alnus cremastogyne Pods from Different Provenances. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227802. [PMID: 36431903 PMCID: PMC9699184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical components with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties extracted from Alnus bark and leaves have been extensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to extractives from Alnus pods, which are mostly treated as waste. Here, extractives of Alnus cremastogyne pods from 12 provenances in Sichuan Province were studied for high value-added utilization of Alnus waste. The extractives were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectra), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. A total of 58, 49, and 51 chemical components were found when the organic solvents of ethanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate were used to collect extractives, respectively. These chemical components including Phytol, CIS-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, Germacrene D, Lupeol, and β-sitosterol, etc., have wide applications in the fields of pharmacy and cosmetics. Moreover, it was also found that extractives in ethanol and ethyl acetate had impressive UV resistance, especially for UV-C and UV-B blocking. The results showed that the maximum block ratio towards UV-C and UV-B could reach 99%. In addition, the ethanol extract showed good anti-oxidant activity with a maximum free radical scavenging rate of 96.19%. This comprehensive and systematic study on extractives from Alnus cremastogyne pods promotes the development of high-value utilization of Alnus components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fangya Pan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yemei Gao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaqing Qin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongze Jiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinqiu Qi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiulong Xie
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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3
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Komissarova NG, Orlov AV, Malikova KA, Nugumanov TR, Yunusov MS. Nitrones Based on Pentacyclic Triterpenoids. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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4
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Wickramasingha WD, Jayasinghe S, Karunaratne DN, Ekanayake EA, Liyanapathirana V, Senadeera SP, Karunaratne V. Design and synthesis of novel derivatives of 6β-hydroxy betunolic acid as antibacterial agents. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Hodoň J, Frydrych I, Trhlíková Z, Pokorný J, Borková L, Benická S, Vlk M, Lišková B, Kubíčková A, Medvedíková M, Pisár M, Šarek J, Das V, Ligasová A, Koberna K, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Urban M. Triterpenoid pyrazines and pyridines - Synthesis, cytotoxicity, mechanism of action, preparation of prodrugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114777. [PMID: 36174412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of fifteen triterpenoid pyrazines and pyridines was prepared from parent triterpenoid 3-oxoderivatives (betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, oleanonic acid, moronic acid, ursonic acid, heterobetulonic acid, and allobetulone). Cytotoxicity of all compounds was tested in eight cancer and two non-cancer cell lines. Evaluation of the structure-activity relationships revealed that the triterpenoid core determined whether the final molecule is active or not, while the heterocycle is able to increase the activity and modulate the specificity. Five compounds (1b, 1c, 2b, 2c, and 8) were found to be preferentially and highly cytotoxic (IC50 ≈ 1 μM) against leukemic cancer cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K562, CEM-DNR, or K562-TAX). Surprisingly, compounds 1c, 2b, and 2c are 10-fold more active in multidrug-resistant leukemia cells (CEM-DNR and K562-TAX) than in their non-resistant analogs (CCRF-CEM and K562). Pharmacological parameters were measured for the most promising candidates and two types of prodrugs were synthesized: 1) Sugar-containing conjugates, most of which had improved cell penetration and retained high cytotoxicity in the CCRF-CEM cell line, unfortunately, they lost the selectivity against resistant cells. 2) Medoxomil derivatives, among which compounds 26-28 gained activities of IC50 0.026-0.043 μM against K562 cells. Compounds 1b, 8, 21, 22, 23, and 24 were selected for the evaluation of the mechanism of action based on their highest cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cell line. Several experiments showed that the majority of them cause apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Compounds 1b, 8, and 21 inhibit growth and disintegrate spheroid cultures of HCT116 and HeLa cells, which would be important for the treatment of solid tumors. In summary, compounds 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c, 24, and 26-28 are highly and selectively cytotoxic against cancer cell lines and were selected for future in vivo tests and further development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Hodoň
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Frydrych
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Trhlíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pokorný
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Borková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Benická
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, 115 19, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agáta Kubíčková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pisár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šarek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ligasová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Koberna
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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6
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Oliveira-Costa JF, Meira CS, Neves MVGD, Dos Reis BPZC, Soares MBP. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Betulinic Acid: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883857. [PMID: 35677426 PMCID: PMC9168372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases have a high prevalence and has become of great interest due to the increase in life expectancy and the costs to the health care system worldwide. Chronic diseases require long-term treatment frequently using corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are associated with diverse side effects and risk of toxicity. Betulinic acid, a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene, is a potential lead compound for the development of new anti-inflammatory treatments, and a large number of derivatives have been produced and tested. The potential of betulinic acid and its derivatives has been shown in a number of pre-clinical studies using different experimental models. Moreover, several molecular mechanisms of action have also been described. Here we reviewed the potential use of betulinic acid as a promissory lead compound with anti-inflammatory activity and the perspectives for its use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cássio Santana Meira
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
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7
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Kozubek M, Hoenke S, Schmidt T, Deigner HP, Al-Harrasi A, Csuk R. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of betulin and betulinic acid derived 30-oxo-amides. Steroids 2022; 182:109014. [PMID: 35314417 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Betulin and betulinic acid derived 30-oxo-amides were prepared by hydroboration, subsequent oxidation and amidation; these novel compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity by SRB assays. All of the compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity for different human tumor cell lines. Small changes in the structure, however, resulted in significant changes in the cytotoxicity of the compounds. Of special interest were compounds 11 and 12, each holding an extra ethylenediamine moiety. These C-30 amides which showed low EC50 values, and both of them acted mainly by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kozubek
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Hoenke
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Theresa Schmidt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Furtwangen University, Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Science Faculty, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villigen, Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- University of Nizwa, Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Niewolik D, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Ruszkowski P, Kazek-Kęsik A, Dzido G, Jaszcz K. Biodegradable and Bioactive Carriers Based on Poly(betulin disuccinate-co-sebacic Acid) for Rifampicin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030579. [PMID: 35335954 PMCID: PMC8953921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation and characterization of polymer-drug systems based on polymeric microspheres obtained from poly(betulin disuccinate-co-sebacic acid). The active compound that was coupled to the betulin-based carriers was rifampicin (RIF), an ansamycin drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Poly(betulin disuccinate-co-sebacic acid) microspheres were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique from copolymers obtained by polycondensation of betulin disuccinate (DBB) and sebacic acid (SEB). The content of sebacic acid in the copolymers was 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt%, respectively. Small and large rifampicin-loaded microspheres were obtained for each of the copolymers. The initial amount of drug was 10, 30 or 50 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer. Particles obtained in this study were round in shape with diameter in the range of 2–21 μm and of orange to red colour originating from rifampicin. The RIF encapsulation efficacy varied from 7% to 33%. Drug loading varied from 2% to 13% and increased at a higher RIF ratio. The highest degree of drug loading was observed for large particles, in which the initial amount of drug (at the particle preparation stage) was 50 wt%. Microspheres prepared from betulin-based polyanhydrides may have significant applications in drug delivery systems. The concentration of loaded drug was enough to obtain bactericidal effects against reference S. Aureus ATCC 25923 bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Niewolik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Science, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Piotr Ruszkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dzido
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Jaszcz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Ogasawara M, Yamasaki-Yashiki S, Hamada M, Yamaguchi-Miyamoto T, Kawasuji T, Honda H, Yanagibashi T, Ikutani M, Watanabe Y, Fujimoto R, Matsunaga T, Nakajima N, Nagai Y, Takatsu K. Betulin Attenuates TGF-β1- and PGE 2-Mediated Inhibition of NK Cell Activity to Suppress Tumor Progression and Metastasis in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:339-353. [PMID: 35228400 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are humoral factors critically involved in the induction of immunosuppression in the microenvironment of various types of tumors, including melanoma. In this study, we identified a natural compound that attenuated TGF-β1- and PGE2-induced immunosuppression and examined its effect on B16 melanoma growth in mice. By screening 502 natural compounds for attenuating activity against TGF-β1- or PGE2-induced suppression of cytolysis in poly(I:C)-stimulated murine splenocytes, we found that betulin was the most potent compound. Betulin also reduced TGF-β1- and PGE2-induced downregulation of perforin and granzyme B mRNA expression and cell surface expression of NKG2D and CD69 in natural killer (NK) cells. Cell depletion and coculture experiments showed that NK cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells were necessary for the attenuating effects of betulin. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that two hydroxyl groups at positions C3 and C28 of betulin, their cis-configuration, and methyl group at C30 played crucial roles in its attenuating activity. In a subcutaneous implantation model of B16 melanoma in mice, intratumor administration of betulin and LY2157299, a TGF-β1 type I receptor kinase inhibitor, significantly retarded the growth of B16 melanoma. Notably, betulin increased significantly the number of CD69 positive NK cells in tumor sites at early stages of post-tumor cell injection. Our data suggest that betulin inhibits the growth of B16 melanoma by enhancing NK cell activity through attenuating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ogasawara
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research.,Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama
| | | | - Masahiro Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | | | - Toru Kawasuji
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research
| | - Hiroe Honda
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research.,Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama
| | - Tsutomu Yanagibashi
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research.,Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University.,Department of Immune Regulation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Yasuharu Watanabe
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research.,Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama
| | - Ryota Fujimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | | | - Noriyuki Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research.,Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama
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10
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Betulinic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid derived piperazinyl spacered rhodamine B conjugates are highly cytotoxic and necrotic. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Vydrina VA, Sayakhov RR, Yakovleva MP, Zileeva ZR, Talipov RF, Ishmuratov GY. Synthesis of α,ω-Diketodiesters from Betulin. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Kolobova E, Mäki-Arvela P, Grigoreva A, Pakrieva E, Carabineiro S, Peltonen J, Kazantsev S, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Murzin D. Catalytic oxidative transformation of betulin to its valuable oxo-derivatives over gold supported catalysts: Effect of support nature. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Krylov IB, Segida OO, Budnikov AS, Terent'ev AO. Oxime‐Derived Iminyl Radicals in Selective Processes of Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Addition to Carbon‐Carbon π‐Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor B. Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Oleg O. Segida
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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14
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Chrobak E, Bębenek E, Marciniec K, Kadela-Tomanek M, Siudak S, Latocha M, Boryczka S. New 30-substituted derivatives of pentacyclic triterpenes: preparation, biological activity, and molecular docking study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Niewolik D, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Ruszkowski P, Sosnowski TR, Jaszcz K. Bioactive Betulin and PEG Based Polyanhydrides for Use in Drug Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1090. [PMID: 33499242 PMCID: PMC7865682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of this study, a series of novel, biodegradable polyanhydrides based on betulin disuccinate and dicarboxylic derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared by two-step polycondensation. These copolymers can be used as carriers in drug delivery systems, in the form of microspheres. Betulin and its derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity, including cytotoxic activity, which makes them promising substances for use as therapeutic agents. Microspheres that were prepared from betulin based polyanhydrides show promising properties for use in application in drug delivery systems, including inhalation systems. The obtained copolymers release the active substance-betulin disuccinate-as a result of hydrolysis under physiological conditions. The use of a poly(ethylene glycol) derivative as a co-monomer increases the solubility and bioavailability of the obtained compounds. Microspheres with diameters in the range of 0.5-25 µm were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method and their physicochemical and aerodynamic properties were analyzed. The morphological characteristics of the microspheres depended on the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment within the structure of polyanhydrides. The porosity of the particles depended on the amount and molecular weight of the PEG used and also on the speed of homogenization. The most porous particles were obtained from polyanhydrides containing 20% wt. of PEG 600 by using a homogenization speed of 18,000 rpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Niewolik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Science, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Piotr Ruszkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz R. Sosnowski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Jaszcz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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16
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Glushkov VA, Shemyakina DA, Zhukova NK, Pavlogradskaya LV, Dmitriev MV, Eroshenko DV, Galeev AR, Mokrushin IG. Ferrocenyltriazoles from 3β,28-Diacylbetulin: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Glushkov VA, Schemyakina DA, Zhukova NK. Synthesis of 30-Bromo- and 30-Azido-20-oxo-29-nor-3β,28-diacylbetulin Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and evaluation of antiviral activities of triterpenic conjugates with 2-aminobutan-1-ol as potent microbicidal agents. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Chinsembu KC. Chemical diversity and activity profiles of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors from plants. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Alonso-Serra J, Safronov O, Lim KJ, Fraser-Miller SJ, Blokhina OB, Campilho A, Chong SL, Fagerstedt K, Haavikko R, Helariutta Y, Immanen J, Kangasjärvi J, Kauppila TJ, Lehtonen M, Ragni L, Rajaraman S, Räsänen RM, Safdari P, Tenkanen M, Yli-Kauhaluoma JT, Teeri TH, Strachan CJ, Nieminen K, Salojärvi J. Tissue-specific study across the stem reveals the chemistry and transcriptome dynamics of birch bark. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1816-1831. [PMID: 30724367 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree bark is a highly specialized array of tissues that plays important roles in plant protection and development. Bark tissues develop from two lateral meristems; the phellogen (cork cambium) produces the outermost stem-environment barrier called the periderm, while the vascular cambium contributes with phloem tissues. Although bark is diverse in terms of tissues, functions and species, it remains understudied at higher resolution. We dissected the stem of silver birch (Betula pendula) into eight major tissue types, and characterized these by a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach. We further analyzed the varying bark types within the Betulaceae family. The two meristems had a distinct contribution to the stem transcriptomic landscape. Furthermore, inter- and intraspecies analyses illustrated the unique molecular profile of the phellem. We identified multiple tissue-specific metabolic pathways, such as the mevalonate/betulin biosynthesis pathway, that displayed differential evolution within the Betulaceae. A detailed analysis of suberin and betulin biosynthesis pathways identified a set of underlying regulators and highlighted the important role of local, small-scale gene duplication events in the evolution of metabolic pathways. This work reveals the transcriptome and metabolic diversity among bark tissues and provides insights to its development and evolution, as well as its biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alonso-Serra
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Omid Safronov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kean-Jin Lim
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Olga B Blokhina
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Campilho
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4485-661, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sun-Li Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurt Fagerstedt
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raisa Haavikko
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Juha Immanen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00710, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina J Kauppila
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Lehtonen
- Laboratory Center, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Ragni
- ZMBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sitaram Rajaraman
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka-Marjaana Räsänen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pezhman Safdari
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari T Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00710, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Niewolik D, Krukiewicz K, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Ruszkowski P, Jaszcz K. Novel polymeric derivatives of betulin with anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20892-20900. [PMID: 35515533 PMCID: PMC9065995 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03326b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide novel polymeric biomaterials for chemotherapeutic purposes, in this paper we described the synthesis and the characterization of the physicochemical properties of a betulin-based polyanhydride exhibiting anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Niewolik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices
| | | | - Piotr Ruszkowski
- Department of Pharmacology
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences
- Poznan
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaszcz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
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22
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Kahnt M, Heller L, Al-Harrasi A, Schäfer R, Kluge R, Wagner C, Otgonbayar C, Csuk R. Platanic acid-derived methyl 20-amino-30-norlupan-28-oates are potent cytotoxic agents acting by apoptosis. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Pettit GR, Melody N, Chapuis JC. Antineoplastic Agents. 606. The Betulastatins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:458-464. [PMID: 29303263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal potential of the plant pentacyclic triterpene betulin has generated long-term interest focused on various SAR research avenues. The present approach was based on producing further analogues (chimeras) arising from a studied modification of betulin bonded to the Dov-Val-Dil-Dap unit of the powerful anticancer drug dolastatin 10, which provided betulastatins 1 (7b), 2 (11b), 3 (16b), and 4 (18b). Betulastatin 1, 2, and 4 exhibited modest levels of cancer cell growth inhibition against six cancer cell lines. Betulastatin 3 proved to be the most potent cancer cell growth inhibitor (GI50 0.01 μg/mL) and seems worthy of further development, as the presumed mixture of anticancer mechanisms of action may prove to be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe , Arizona 85287-1604 , United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe , Arizona 85287-1604 , United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe , Arizona 85287-1604 , United States
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24
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Kahnt M, Heller L, Grabandt P, Al-Harrasi A, Csuk R. Platanic acid: A new scaffold for the synthesis of cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:259-265. [PMID: 29197730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-seven different derivatives (2-38) have been prepared from platanic acid, a natural occurring triterpenoid. Main emphasis was the introduction of several N-containing functional groups such as amines, amides and oximes and their screening for cytotoxic activity employing several human tumor cell lines using SRB assays. In these SRB assays, nearly all compounds showed good cytotoxicity for these human tumor cell lines. Two compounds (17 and 38), however, were submitted to extended biological testing and investigated with respect to their mode of action using fluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis. Compound 17, a methyl (3β, 20R) 3-acetyloxy-20-amino-30-norlupan-28-oate, induced apoptosis in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahnt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patricia Grabandt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- University of Nizwa, Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, PO Box 33, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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25
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Anh DTT, Giang LNT, Hien NT, Cuc DT, Thanh NH, Ha NTT, Chinh PT, Van Tuyen N, Van Kiem P. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Betulin–Triazole–AZT Hybrids. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin was converted to the corresponding alkyne-functionalized esters and amides and subsequently deployed as substrates for a ‘click’ chemistry-mediated coupling with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythydimine (AZT) to furnish a novel betulin–triazole–AZT hybrid compounds. Eleven new hybrids were thus successfully prepared and evaluated as cytotoxic agents, revealing an interesting anticancer activity in KB and HepG2 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Thi Tuyet Anh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Nhat Thuy Giang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hien
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Thi Cuc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ha Thanh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Ha
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham The Chinh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Tuyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAS, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulidan Firdaus
- Department of Chemistry; Sebelas Maret University; Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia
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27
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Ali M, Muhammad S, Shah MR, Khan A, Rashid U, Farooq U, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ayaz M, Ali M, Ahmad M, Latif A. Neurologically Potent Molecules from Crataegus oxyacantha; Isolation, Anticholinesterase Inhibition, and Molecular Docking. Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28638340 PMCID: PMC5461367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crataegus oxyacantha is an important herbal supplement and famous for its antioxidant potential. The antioxidant in combination with anticholinesterase activity can be considered as an important target in the management of Alzheimer’s disease. The compounds isolated from C. oxyacantha were evaluated for cholinesterases inhibitory activity using Ellman’s assay with Galantamine as standard drug. Total of nine (1–9) compounds were isolated. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from natural source. Important natural products like β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (3), lupeol (4), β-sitosterol (5), betulin (6), betulinic acid (7), oleanolic acid (8), and chrysin (9) have also been isolated from C. oxyacantha. Overall, all the compounds exhibited an overwhelming acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential in the range 5.22–44.47 μM. The compound 3 was prominent AChE inhibitor with IC50 value of 5.22 μM. Likewise, all the compounds were also potent in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitions with IC50s of up to 0.55–15.36 μM. All the compounds, except 3, were selective toward BChE. Mechanism of the inhibition of both the enzymes were further studied by docking procedures using Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking suit v5.4.1. Furthermore, computational blood brain barrier prediction of the isolated compounds suggest that these are BBB+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of MalakandChakdara, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of MalakandChakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad R Shah
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of KarachiKarachi, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan.,UoN Chair of Oman Medicinal Plants and Marine Products, University of NizwaNizwa, Oman
| | - Umer Rashid
- COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of MalakandChakdara, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of MalakandChakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of MalakandChakdara, Pakistan
| | - Majid Ali
- COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of MalakandChakdara, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of MalakandChakdara, Pakistan
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28
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Hu Y, Tao L, Tan H, Zhang M, Shimizu K, Zhang F, Zhang C. An Active Drimane-Type Lactone from Polygonum jucundum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through TLR4-MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2017; 40:1204-1213. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Heller L, Kahnt M, Loesche A, Grabandt P, Schwarz S, Brandt W, Csuk R. Amino derivatives of platanic acid act as selective and potent inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:652-668. [PMID: 27936444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A set of thirtyfive 30-norlupan derivatives (2-36) was prepared from the natural triterpenoid platanic acid (PA), and the hydroxyl group at C-3, the carboxyl group at C-17 and the carbonyl group at C-20 were modified. These derivatives were tested for their inhibitory activity for the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE, from electric eel) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, from equine serum) using Ellman's assay. Extra enzyme kinetic studies were performed. The most active compound was (3β, 20R)-3-acetyloxy-20-amino-30-norlupan-28-oate (32) showing a Ki value of 0.01 ± 0.003 μM for BChE. This compound proved to be a selective (FB = 851), mixed-type inhibitor for BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Heller
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Kahnt
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Loesche
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patricia Grabandt
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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30
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von Czapiewski M, Gugau K, Todorovic L, Meier MA. Synthesis of polyacrylates from limonene by catalytic oxidation and multi-component reaction. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Mustafaev M, Mustafaeva Z, Ergen E, Uraki Y, Sano Y. Novel Betulin-Containing Polyelectrolyte Conjugates. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1106/088391102027122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates ofanionic polyelectrolytes (PE) with betulin (PE–B) were synthesized by cross-linking the carboxyl groups oftemperature responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (CP1) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidoneco-acrylic acid) (CP2) copolymers, to the hydroxyl groups ofbetulin using thionyl chloride as the coupling agent. Water-insoluble CP1–B and poorly soluble CP2–B covalent conjugates were formed in a single step by mixing solutions of the selected components. Water-soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA)–betulin covalent conjugates (BSA*B) were synthesized by carbodiimide coupling. Betulin-containing polyelectrolyte conjugates (PEC–B) were prepared by complexing BSA*B conjugates with synthetic polycations – poly(N-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide). A single immunization ofmice with CP1–B and CP2–B, covalent conjugated with protein containing PEC–B and BSA*B systems without traditional adjuvants increased the specific immune response to betulin. CP2–B, as a soft and wet biocompatible delivery system, in contrast to the CP1–B conjugates, displayed an essentially higher betulin-specific immunogenic activity. The immunogenicity of BSA*B conjugates decreased rapidly with time while the PE–BSA*B complexes generated betulin-specific antibodies for 160 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamed Mustafaev
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tubitak, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Erhan Ergen
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tubitak, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Yoshihiro Sano
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060, Japan
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New acetylenic derivatives of betulin and betulone, synthesis and cytotoxic activity. Med Chem Res 2016; 26:1-8. [PMID: 28111514 PMCID: PMC5219024 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Betulin 1 and its semisynthetic derivatives exhibit a cytotoxic activity toward various cancer cell lines. These compounds are a promising and potential anticancer candidates. A series of betulin derivatives was prepared and tested for the antiproliferative activity in vitro against T47D breast cancer, CCRF/CEM leukemia, HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia, SW707 colorectal, murine P388 leukemia, as well as BALB3T3 normal fibroblasts cell lines. Cisplatin and betulin 1 were used as a reference compounds. Some derivatives of betulin showed a higher cytotoxic activity than the parent compound 1. Two derivatives (5 and 17) were 24-fold potent than betulin 1 against the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60), with an IC50 value of 0.3 µg/mL.
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33
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EQCM verification of the concept of drug immobilization and release from conducting polymer matrix. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Betulin Phosphonates; Synthesis, Structure, and Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091123. [PMID: 27571057 PMCID: PMC6273377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulin derivatives are a widely studied group of compounds of natural origin due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. This paper describes new betulin derivatives, containing a phosphonate group. The allyl-vinyl isomerization and synthesis of acetylenic derivatives have been reported. Structural identification of products as E and Z isomers has been carried out using 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR, and crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure in the orthorhombic space group and analysis of crystal packing contacts for 29-diethoxyphosphoryl-28-cyclopropylpropynoyloxy-lup-20E(29)-en-3β-ol 8a are reported. All new compounds were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against human T47D (breast cancer), SNB-19 (glioblastoma), and C32 (melanoma) cell lines.
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35
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Tsepaeva OV, Nemtarev AV, Grigor’eva LR, Voloshina AD, Mironov VF. Esterification of betulin with ω-bromoalkanoic acids. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015090195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Callies O, Bedoya LM, Beltrán M, Muñoz A, Calderón PO, Osorio AA, Jiménez IA, Alcamí J, Bazzocchi IL. Isolation, Structural Modification, and HIV Inhibition of Pentacyclic Lupane-Type Triterpenoids from Cassine xylocarpa and Maytenus cuzcoina. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1045-55. [PMID: 25927586 DOI: 10.1021/np501025r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our investigation into new anti-HIV agents, we report herein the isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of six new (1-6) and 20 known (7-26) pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoids from the stem of Cassine xylocarpa and root bark of Maytenus cuzcoina. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. To gain a more complete understanding of the structural requirements for anti-HIV activity, derivatives 27-48 were prepared by chemical modification of the main secondary metabolites. Sixteen compounds from this series displayed inhibitory effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication with IC50 values in the micromolar range, highlighting compounds 12, 38, and 42 (IC50 4.08, 4.18, and 1.70 μM, respectively) as the most promising anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Callies
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis M Bedoya
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- §Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Beltrán
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Obregón Calderón
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex A Osorio
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ignacio A Jiménez
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- ‡Unidad de Inmunopatología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo Km.2, 28220-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel L Bazzocchi
- †Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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37
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Csuk R, Barthel-Niesen A, Ströhl D, Kluge R, Wagner C, Al-Harrasi A. Oxidative and reductive transformations of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Synthesis and antitumor activity of ring A modified 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:700-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Michaudel Q, Journot G, Regueiro-Ren A, Goswami A, Guo Z, Tully TP, Zou L, Ramabhadran RO, Houk KN, Baran PS. Improving physical properties via C-H oxidation: chemical and enzymatic approaches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12091-6. [PMID: 25244630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties constitute a key factor for the success of a drug candidate. Whereas many strategies to improve the physicochemical properties of small heterocycle-type leads exist, complex hydrocarbon skeletons are more challenging to derivatize because of the absence of functional groups. A variety of C-H oxidation methods have been explored on the betulin skeleton to improve the solubility of this very bioactive, yet poorly water-soluble, natural product. Capitalizing on the innate reactivity of the molecule, as well as the few molecular handles present on the core, allowed oxidations at different positions across the pentacyclic structure. Enzymatic oxidations afforded several orthogonal oxidations to chemical methods. Solubility measurements showed an enhancement for many of the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Michaudel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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40
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Michaudel Q, Journot G, Regueiro-Ren A, Goswami A, Guo Z, Tully TP, Zou L, Ramabhadran RO, Houk KN, Baran PS. Improving Physical Properties via CH Oxidation: Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Chrobak E, Michalik E, Kusz J, Nowak M, Boryczka S. Polymorphic forms of lupane triterpenoid betulonic aldehyde (betulonal). ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 70:847-51. [PMID: 25186355 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614017379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lupane triterpenoid betulonic aldehyde [also known as betulonal; systematic name: lup-20(29)-en-28-al-3-one, C30H46O2] is a product of betulin oxidation. Crystals were obtained from hexane [form (I)] and dimethyl sulfoxide [form (II)] solutions. Forms (I) and (II) are both orthorhombic. The molecular geometric parameters in the two forms are similar, but the structures are different with respect to the crystal packing. Polymorph (I) contains two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, while polymorph (II) contains only one molecule, which has a disordered aldehyde group [the disorder ratio is 0.769 (4):0.231 (4)]. In each molecule, the six-membered rings have chair conformations, whereas the cyclopentane ring in each molecule adopts an envelope conformation. All the rings in the lupane nucleus are trans-fused. The extended structures of both polymorphs are stabilized by weak intermolecular C-H...O and van der Waals interactions. Weak intramolecular C-H...O interactions are also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Ewa Michalik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
| | - Joachim Kusz
- Department of Physics of Crystals, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Maria Nowak
- Department of Solid State Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
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42
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Tsepaeva OV, Mironov VF, Khairutdinov BI, Zuev YF. Reaction of 30-bromolup-20(29)-ene-3β,28-diyl diacetate with triphenylphosphine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Cmoch P, Korda A, Rárová L, Oklešt'ková J, Strnad M, Gwardiak K, Karczewski R, Pakulski Z. Synthesis of Lupane-Type Saponins Containing an Unusual α-D-Idopyranoside Fragment as Potent Cytotoxic Agents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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von Czapiewski M, Meier MAR. Regioselective catalytic acetoxylation of limonene. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Zaprutko L. Recent advances in synthesis and biological activity of triterpenic acylated oximes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:203-231. [PMID: 25859175 PMCID: PMC4379416 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades more and more attention has been paid to triterpenes-a group of compounds with five- or four-ring skeleton and carboxyl, hydroxyl or oxo groups. Triterpenes with unsubstituted C-3 hydroxyl group can be easily transformed into appropriate ketones and then into oximes. The carbonyl group can be created not only from the hydroxyl group at C-3 position, but also at C-2, C-12 or C-28 positions. Several methods of creation of two = NOH groups within one molecule of triterpene are known. There are also known triterpenes with two carbonyl groups, e.g. at C-3 and C-11 positions, which differ in reactivity: among them only C-3 group can be transformed into oxime. A reactive hydroxyimine group can undergo the action of acylating agents, such as carboxylic acids or their derivatives, also the ones with significant pharmacological activity. Acyl derivatives of triterpenic oximes exhibit important pharmacological activity. The biological tests performed with the use of cell cultures inoculated with viruses showed inhibitory activity of some triterpenic acyloximes against type 1 HSV (H7N1), ECHO-6 and HIV-1 viruses. Another acylated oximes derived from triterpenes shown cytotoxic or antiproliferative activity against many lines of cancer cells. In many cases the pharmacological effects of the tested acyloxyiminotriterpenes were comparable to those of appropriate standard drugs. One of the newest application of acyl derivatives of triterpenic oximes is their ability to form organogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. No. 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. No. 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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46
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47
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48
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Bodrikov IV, Kurskii YA, Chiyanov AA, Borisova NV, Subbotin AY. Sterically driven allyl substitution in alkenes with electrophilic iodine. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500813060049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Synthesis of betulin derivatives containing triazole fragments. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Coric P, Turcaud S, Souquet F, Briant L, Gay B, Royer J, Chazal N, Bouaziz S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new derivative of bevirimat that targets the Gag CA-SP1 cleavage site. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:453-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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