1
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Chatgilialoglu C, Barata-Vallejo S, Gimisis T. Radical Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Exploring in-, on-, and with-Water Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:569. [PMID: 38338314 PMCID: PMC10856544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical reactions in water or aqueous media are important for organic synthesis, realizing high-yielding processes under non-toxic and environmentally friendly conditions. This overview includes (i) a general introduction to organic chemistry in water and aqueous media, (ii) synthetic approaches in, on, and with water as well as in heterogeneous phases, (iii) reactions of carbon-centered radicals with water (or deuterium oxide) activated through coordination with various Lewis acids, (iv) photocatalysis in water and aqueous media, and (v) synthetic applications bioinspired by naturally occurring processes. A wide range of chemical processes and synthetic strategies under different experimental conditions have been reviewed that lead to important functional group translocation and transformation reactions, leading to the preparation of complex molecules. These results reveal how water as a solvent/medium/reagent in radical chemistry has matured over the last two decades, with further discoveries anticipated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center of Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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2
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Li H, Bai T. Theoretical study of copper hydride complexes catalyzing terminal alkyne hydroalkylation for C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) bond formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 53:153-161. [PMID: 38018369 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study applies Density Functional Theory (DFT) to theoretically investigate the reaction mechanism of a copper complex catalyst facilitating the reaction between a terminal alkyne and α-bromo amide, enabling the formation of E-alkenes through C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling. Initially, the study explores the reaction mechanism, identifying the predominant reaction pathway and the rate-determining step. Next, we discuss the addition reaction mode of copper hydride with terminal alkynes, determining the causes of regional and stereoselectivity. Subsequently, the reaction mechanism between the alkenyl copper intermediate and α-bromo amide is examined, including the discussion of alkyl fragment activation and introduction methods. Furthermore, the role of NHC ligands in catalyzing the single electron transfer process for C-Br bond activation is investigated. Finally, we analyze and discuss the reasons for the high energy barrier of the non-radical pathway. These investigations not only deepen our understanding of the reaction mechanisms of terminal alkynes and α-bromo amide catalyzed by copper but also provide valuable guidance for the future design of more efficient catalysts and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Taiming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
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3
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Zhang FP, Wang RH, Li JF, Chen H, Hari Babu M, Ye M. Intermolecular Carbophosphination of Alkynes with Phosphole Oxides via Ni-Al Bimetal-Catalyzed C-P Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314701. [PMID: 37846814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes or alkenes with unreactive C-P bonds remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we used a Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst to realize an intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes with 5-membered phosphole oxides, providing a series of 7-membered phosphepines in up to 94 % yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Madala Hari Babu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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4
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Evolution of BODIPY/aza-BODIPY dyes for organic photoredox/energy transfer catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Engl S, Reiser O. Copper-photocatalyzed ATRA reactions: concepts, applications, and opportunities. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5287-5299. [PMID: 35703016 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions are linchpin transformations in synthetic chemistry enabling the atom-economic difunctionalization of alkenes. Thereby a rich chemical space can be accessed through smart combinations of simple starting materials. Originally, these reactions required toxic and hazardous radical initiators or harsh thermal activation and thus, the recent resurgence and dramatic evolution of photocatalysis appeared as an attractive complement to catalyze such transformations in a mild and energy-efficient manner. Initially, this technique relied primarily on complexes of precious metals, such as ruthenium or iridium, to absorb the visible light. Hence, copper photocatalysis rapidly developed into a powerful alternative, not just from an economic point of view. Originally considered to be disadvantageous as a pathway for deactivation by quenching their excited state, the dynamic nature of Cu-complexes enables them to undergo facile ligand exchange and thus opens up special opportunities for transformations utilizing their inner-coordination sphere. Moreover, the ability of Cu(II), representing a persistent radical, to capture incipient radicals offers the possibility to access heretofore elusive two-component, but also three-component, ATRA reactions, not feasible with ruthenium or iridium catalysts. In this regard, the idea of using Cu(I)-substrate assemblies as active photocatalysts is an emerging field to achieve such 3-component coupling reactions even under enantioselective control, which is reflected by an increasing number of reports being covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Engl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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6
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Zhang JX, Shu W. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Cross-Dialkylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Two Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3844-3849. [PMID: 35594195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cross-dialkylation of unactivated alkenes represents a significant challenge due to competitive β-hydride elimination and associated selectivity issues. Herein, a Ni-catalyzed reductive 1,2-dialkylation of unactivated aliphatic alkenes has been developed using two different alkyl bromides. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions to install two Csp3-Csp3 bonds onto directed aliphatic alkenes, demonstrating excellent chemo- and regioselectivity with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
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7
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Liautard V, Delgado M, Colin B, Chabaud L, Michaud G, Pucheault M. In situ generation of radical initiators using amine-borane complexes for carbohalogenation of alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2124-2127. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical addition of alkyl halides to alkenes was developed using a low amount of a stable initiator, amine borane complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Liautard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Marine Delgado
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
- BOSTIK, Smart Technology Centre, ZAC du bois de Plaisance, 101, rue du Champ Cailloux 60280, Venette, France
| | - Boris Colin
- BOSTIK, Smart Technology Centre, ZAC du bois de Plaisance, 101, rue du Champ Cailloux 60280, Venette, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Michaud
- BOSTIK, Smart Technology Centre, ZAC du bois de Plaisance, 101, rue du Champ Cailloux 60280, Venette, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
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8
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Liu X, Guo Z, Che Y, Bai R, Chi Y, Guo C, Xing H. Pillared Metal-Organic Framework Initiating Intermolecular Atom-Transfer Radical Addition via Visible-Light-Induced Electron Transfer Activation of Haloalkanes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34114-34123. [PMID: 34269044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel metal-organic framework (MOF) with a pillared-layer structure was rationally synthesized to initiate intermolecular atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) via photoinduced electron transfer activation of haloalkanes. The MOF synthesized via the controllable pillared-layer method is of excellent visible-light absorption and high chemical stability. Photocatalytic experiments show the atom transfer of various alkyl halides (R-X, X = Cl/Br/I) onto diverse olefins was successfully achieved to produce functional ATRA products. The mechanism and experimental investigations reveal the prepared MOF serves as an efficient photocatalyst with strong reduction potential to activate haloalkane substrates via photoinduced electron transfer, generating a highly reactive alkyl radical to trigger the ATRA reaction. Key events in the ATRA reaction, including alkyl radical photogeneration as well as halide transfer, have been further regulated to achieve preferable photocatalytic performance with higher yields, shorter reaction time, and desirable cycling capability. It is notable that the work is the first report on photoinduced electron transfer activation of halides by a MOF photocatalyst for the ATRA reaction, providing a new blueprint for MOFs to develop photoinduced radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhifen Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Rong Bai
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Chi
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Chunyi Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhu Xing
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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9
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Jamatia R, Mondal A, Srimani D. Visible‐Light‐Induced Manganese‐Catalyzed Reactions: Present Approach and Future Prospects. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramen Jamatia
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Kamrup Assam 781039 India
| | - Avijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Kamrup Assam 781039 India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Kamrup Assam 781039 India
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10
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Metal‐free Photochemical Atom Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) of BrCCl
3
to Alkenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. C. Tappin
- University of Bern Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland)
| | - Philippe Renaud
- University of Bern Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland)
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12
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Zidan M, McCallum T, Swann R, Barriault L. Formal Bromine Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Nonactivated Bromoalkanes Using Photoredox Gold Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:8401-8406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Zidan
- Centre for Catalysis, Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Terry McCallum
- Centre for Catalysis, Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rowan Swann
- Centre for Catalysis, Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Louis Barriault
- Centre for Catalysis, Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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13
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Kang L, Huo S, Meng L, Li X. Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics study on Addition of CCl
4
to 1‐hexene Catalyzed by Mo‐Mo Quintuply‐bond. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Kang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Suhong Huo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Lingpeng Meng
- National Demonstratin Center for Experimental Chemistry Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
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14
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Takahashi T, Kurahashi T, Matsubara S. Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbobromination of Alkynes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Takahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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15
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Bag D, Kour H, Sawant SD. Photo-induced 1,2-carbohalofunctionalization of C–C multiple bonds via ATRA pathway. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8278-8293. [PMID: 33006347 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01454k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbohalofunctionalization of C–C multiple bonds via atom transfer radical processes constitutes an efficient method for the construction of halogenated building blocks with complete atom economy. This review summarizes the recent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu
- India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu
- India
| | - Sanghapal D. Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu
- India
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16
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Nam TK, Jang DO. A synthetic route toward α,α-dialkyl α-amino ester derivatives via radical addition to hydrazone derivatives of α-ketoesters under “on-water” conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Saha J, Das I. Solvent Dependent Divergent Reactivity of Electron‐Rich Dienones with and without Visible Light: Access to Cyclopropanated Furans and Butenolides. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Saha
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Indrajit Das
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
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18
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Fedorov OV, Scherbinina SI, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Light-Mediated Dual Phosphine-/Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Addition Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11068-11079. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Fedorov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sofya I. Scherbinina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V. Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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19
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Pan H, Ge H, He R, Huang W, Wang L, Wei Y, Sa R, Wang Y, Yuan R. Photo‐Induced Chloride Atom Transfer Radical Addition and Aminocarbonylation Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Huaqi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Weichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Lele Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Yingcong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Rongjian Sa
- Institute of Oceanography Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Yan‐Jie Wang
- School of Environment & Civil EngineeringDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 PR China
| | - Rusheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
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20
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Weng WZ, Liang H, Liu RZ, Ji YX, Zhang B. Visible-Light-Promoted Manganese-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization of Unactivated Alkyl Iodides. Org Lett 2019; 21:5586-5590. [PMID: 31241973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An expedient visible-light-promoted atom transfer radical cyclization (ATRC) reaction of unactivated alkyl iodides facilitated by earth-abundant and inexpensive manganese catalysis is described. The practical protocol shows a broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance, allowing for the preparation of synthetically valuable alkenyl iodides and diquinanes under simple and mild reaction conditions. Notably, the method provides a net redox-neutral strategy for ATRC reactions that avoids classic hydrogen atom transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhi Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Run-Zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yun-Xing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
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21
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Fang C, Fantin M, Pan X, de Fiebre K, Coote ML, Matyjaszewski K, Liu P. Mechanistically Guided Predictive Models for Ligand and Initiator Effects in Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Cu-ATRP). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7486-7497. [PMID: 30977644 PMCID: PMC6634993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (Cu-ATRP) is one of the most widely used controlled radical polymerization techniques. Notwithstanding the extensive mechanistic studies in the literature, the transition states of the activation/deactivation of the growing polymer chain, a key equilibrium in Cu-ATRP, have not been investigated computationally. Therefore, the understanding of the origin of ligand and initiator effects on the rates of activation/deactivation is still limited. Here, we present the first computational analysis of Cu-ATRP activation transition states to reveal factors that affect the rates of activation and deactivation. The Br atom transfer between the polymer chain and the Cu catalyst occurs through an unusual bent geometry that involves pronounced interactions between the polymer chain end and the ancillary ligand on the Cu catalyst. Therefore, the rates of activation/deactivation are determined by both the electronic properties of the Cu catalyst and the ligand-initiator steric repulsions. In addition, our calculations revealed the important role of ligand backbone flexibility on the activation. These theoretical analyses led to the identification of three chemically meaningful descriptors, namely HOMO energy of the catalyst ( EHOMO), percent buried volume ( Vbur%), and distortion energy of the catalyst (Δ Edist), to describe the electronic, steric, and flexibility effects on reactivity, respectively. A robust and simple predictive model for ligand effect on reactivity is thereby established by correlating these three descriptors with experimental activation rate constants using multivariate linear regression. Validation using a structurally diverse set of ligands revealed the average error is less than ±2 kcal/mol compared to the experimentally derived activation energies. The same approach was also applied to develop a predictive model for reactivity of different alkyl halide initiators using R-X bond dissociation energy (BDE) and Cu-X halogenophilicity as descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Kurt de Fiebre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
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22
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Voutyritsa E, Triandafillidi I, Tzouras NV, Nikitas NF, Pefkianakis EK, Vougioukalakis GC, Kokotos CG. Photocatalytic Atom Transfer Radical Addition to Olefins Utilizing Novel Photocatalysts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091644. [PMID: 31027341 PMCID: PMC6540230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a rapidly evolving area of research in modern organic synthesis. Among the traditional photocatalysts, metal-complexes based on ruthenium or iridium are the most common. Herein, we present the synthesis of two photoactive, ruthenium-based complexes bearing pyridine-quinoline or terpyridine ligands with extended aromatic conjugation. Our complexes were utilized in the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of haloalkanes to olefins, using bromoacetonitrile or bromotrichloromethane as the source of the alkyl group. The tailor-made ruthenium-based catalyst bearing the pyridine-quinoline bidentate ligand proved to be the best-performing photocatalyst, among a range of metal complexes and organocatalysts, efficiently catalyzing both reactions. These photocatalytic atom transfer protocols can be expanded into a broad scope of olefins. In both protocols, the photocatalytic reactions led to products in good to excellent isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios K Pefkianakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
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23
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Liu J, Lan L, Gao Y, Liu Q, Cheng L, Wang D, Liu L. Visible‐Light‐Mediated Stereoselective 1,2‐Iodoalkylation of Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie‐Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Lan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Ting Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
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24
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Pu W, Sun D, Fan W, Pan W, Chai Q, Wang X, Lv Y. Cu-Catalyzed atom transfer radical addition reactions of alkenes with α-bromoacetonitrile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4821-4824. [PMID: 30946406 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A practical, simple, and efficient copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical addition reaction of alkenes with α-bromoacetonitrile is realized. With this methodology, various γ-bromonitriles and β,γ-unsaturated nitriles were efficiently constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
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25
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Lv XL, Wang C, Wang QL, Shu W. Rapid Synthesis of γ-Arylated Carbonyls Enabled by the Merge of Copper- and Photocatalytic Radical Relay Alkylarylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2018; 21:56-59. [PMID: 30543433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of mild and practical methods for the γ-arylation of carbonyl compounds is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. The first formal γ-arylation of carbonyl compounds via radical relay cross-coupling of α-bromocarbonyl precursors with boronic acids in the presence of alkenes is reported. This directing-group-free protocol allows for the rapid and straightforward access to a wide range of γ-arylated esters, ketones, and amides under ambient conditions with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Lu Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , China
| | - Qiao-Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , China
| | - Wei Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , 300071 Tianjin , China
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26
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Tang L, Tang HJ, Wang L, Zhu C, Feng C. Intermolecular Carboamination of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10695-10699. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luning Tang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Tang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Nam TK, Jang DO. Radical "On Water" Addition to the C═N Bond of Hydrazones: A Synthesis of Isoindolinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7373-7379. [PMID: 29498284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A radical "on water" addition to the C═N bond of hydrazones has been described. Hydrazone, diphenylsilane, alkyl iodide, and triethylborane afforded the corresponding addition products "on water" in good yields. A significant solvent effect was observed from the water. The developed protocol can be applied to the synthesis of 3-substituted isoindolinone derivatives. Moreover, the process offers environmentally benign tin-free radical reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyu Nam
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Wonju 26493 , Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ok Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Wonju 26493 , Republic of Korea
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28
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Kim JH, Jang DO. One-pot synthesis of hydrazine derivatives from aldehydes via radical addition reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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29
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Marzo L, Pagire SK, Reiser O, König B. Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht: Welche Bedeutung hat sie für die organische Synthese? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Santosh K. Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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30
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Marzo L, Pagire SK, Reiser O, König B. Visible-Light Photocatalysis: Does It Make a Difference in Organic Synthesis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10034-10072. [PMID: 29457971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1117] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved over the last decade into a widely used method in organic synthesis. Photocatalytic variants have been reported for many important transformations, such as cross-coupling reactions, α-amino functionalizations, cycloadditions, ATRA reactions, or fluorinations. To help chemists select photocatalytic methods for their synthesis, we compare in this Review classical and photocatalytic procedures for selected classes of reactions and highlight their advantages and limitations. In many cases, the photocatalytic reactions proceed under milder reaction conditions, typically at room temperature, and stoichiometric reagents are replaced by simple oxidants or reductants, such as air, oxygen, or amines. Does visible-light photocatalysis make a difference in organic synthesis? The prospect of shuttling electrons back and forth to substrates and intermediates or to selectively transfer energy through a visible-light-absorbing photocatalyst holds the promise to improve current procedures in radical chemistry and to open up new avenues by accessing reactive species hitherto unknown, especially by merging photocatalysis with organo- or metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Santosh K Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Caputo DFJ, Arroniz C, Dürr AB, Mousseau JJ, Stepan AF, Mansfield SJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis and applications of highly functionalized 1-halo-3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5295-5300. [PMID: 29997886 PMCID: PMC6001403 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of 1,4-disubstituted arenes, tert-butyl and acetylenic groups that can impart physicochemical benefits on drug candidates. Here we describe the synthesis of BCPs bearing carbon and halogen substituents under exceptionally mild reaction conditions, via triethylborane-initiated atom-transfer radical addition ring-opening of tricyclo[1.1.1.01,3]pentane (TCP) with alkyl halides. This chemistry displays broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, enabling application to BCP analogues of biologically-relevant targets such as peptides, nucleosides, and pharmaceuticals. The BCP halide products can be converted to the parent phenyl/tert-butyl surrogates through triethylborane-promoted dehalogenation, or to other derivatives including carbonyls, alcohols, and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri F J Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Carlos Arroniz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Alexander B Dürr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton , CT 06340 , USA
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 600 Main Street , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA
| | - Steven J Mansfield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
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32
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Voutyritsa E, Triandafillidi I, Kokotos CG. Expanding the Scope of Photocatalysis: Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Bromoacetonitrile to Aliphatic Olefins. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis; 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis; 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis; 15771 Athens Greece
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33
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Halogen-bond-mediated atom transfer radical addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to alkynes under visible light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Cetin MM, Hodson RT, Hart CR, Cordes DB, Findlater M, Casadonte DJ, Cozzolino AF, Mayer MF. Characterization and photocatalytic behavior of 2,9-di(aryl)-1,10-phenanthroline copper(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:6553-6569. [PMID: 28463361 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, theoretical calculations, and catalytic applications of 2,9-di(aryl)-1,10-phenanthroline copper(i) complexes are described. Specifically, this study made use of di(aryl)-1,10-phenanthroline ligands including 2,9-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (1), 2,9-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (2), 2,9-di(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (3), and 2,9-di(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (4). The 2 : 1 ligand-to-metal complexes, as PF6- salts, i.e., ([Cu·(1)2]PF6, [Cu·(2)2]PF6, [Cu·(3)2]PF6, and [Cu·(4)2]PF6) have been isolated and characterized. The structures of ligands 1 and 2 and complexes [Cu·(1)2]PF6 and [Cu·(3)2]PF6 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The photoredox catalytic activity of these copper(i) complexes was investigated in an atom-transfer radical-addition (ATRA) reaction and the results showed fairly efficient activity, with a strong wavelength dependence. In order to better understand the observed catalytic activity, photophysical emission and absorption studies, and DFT calculations were also performed. It was determined that when the excitation wavelength was appropriate for exciting into the LUMO+1 or LUMO+2, catalysis would occur. On the contrary, excitations into the LUMO resulted in no observable catalysis. In light of these results, a mechanism for the ATRA photoredox catalytic cycle has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mustafa Cetin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, MS 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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35
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Synthesis of oxindoles via Cu-mediated reactions between N -phenylacrylamides and ethyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Triandafillidi I, Kokotou MG, Kokotos CG. Photocatalytic Synthesis of γ-Lactones from Alkenes: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry as a Tool To Study Photoredox Reactions. Org Lett 2017; 20:36-39. [PMID: 29215290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild photocatalytic manifold for the synthesis of γ-lactones has been developed. Utilizing Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as the photocatalyst, a cheap and reproducible synthetic protocol for γ-lactones has been introduced. Mechanistic studies revealed the successful monitoring of photocatalytic reactions and radical intermediates via high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
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37
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Mao LL, Cong H. Atom-Transfer Radical Addition to Unactivated Alkenes by using Heterogeneous Visible-Light Photocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4461-4464. [PMID: 28887830 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous visible-light photocatalysis represents an important route toward the development of sustainable organic synthesis. In this study visible light-induced, heavy metal-free atom-transfer radical addition to unactivated terminal olefins is carried out by using the combination of heterogeneous titanium dioxide as photocatalyst and a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent as co-initiator. The reaction can be applied to a range of substrates with good functional-group tolerance under very mild conditions. In addition to a number of commonly used atom-transfer reagents, the relatively challenging chloroform is also suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
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38
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Sudo Y, Yamaguchi E, Itoh A. Photo-oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling-Type Reaction of Thiophenes with α-Position of Carbonyls Using a Catalytic Amount of Molecular Iodine. Org Lett 2017; 19:1610-1613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sudo
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamaguchi
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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39
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Nakamura K, Nishikata T. Tandem Reactions Enable Trans- and Cis-Hydro-Tertiary-Alkylations Catalyzed by a Copper Salt. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiaki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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40
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Lan Y, Fan P, Liu XW, Meng FF, Ahmad T, Xu YH, Loh TP. An iron-catalyzed hydroalkylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones with ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12353-12356. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the hydroalkylation of vinyl ketones using ethers catalyzed by an iron catalyst is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Pei Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fan Meng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
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41
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Li G, Cao YX, Luo CG, Su YM, Li Y, Lan Q, Wang XS. Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Iododifluoroacetate to Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2016; 18:4806-4809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen-Guang Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Su
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Quan Lan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Yoshioka E, Kohtani S, Jichu T, Fukazawa T, Nagai T, Kawashima A, Takemoto Y, Miyabe H. Aqueous-Medium Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Radical Reactions Catalyzed by Excited Rhodamine B as a Metal-Free Organic Dye under Visible Light Irradiation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7217-29. [PMID: 27314306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The utility of rhodamine B as a water-soluble organic photocatalyst was studied in the cascade radical addition-cyclization-trapping reactions under visible light irradiation. In the presence of (i-Pr)2NEt, the electron transfer from the excited rhodamine B to perfluoroalkyl iodides proceeded smoothly to promote the carbon-carbon bond-forming radical reactions in aqueous media. When i-C3F7I was employed as a radical precursor, the aqueous-medium radical reactions proceeded even in the absence of (i-Pr)2NEt. In these reactions, the direct electron transfer from the excited singlet state of rhodamine B would take place. Furthermore, the cleavage of the C-I bond in less reactive i-PrI could be achieved by the reductive electron transfer from the excited rhodamine B, which was confirmed by the fluorescence quenching of rhodamine B with the addition of i-PrI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eito Yoshioka
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohtani
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Takahisa Jichu
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukazawa
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Toyokazu Nagai
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Kawashima
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyabe
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
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44
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Che C, Zheng H, Zhu G. Copper-Catalyzed trans-Carbohalogenation of Terminal Alkynes with Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2015; 17:1617-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Che
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hanliang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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45
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Yoshioka E, Kohtani S, Tanaka E, Hata Y, Miyabe H. Carbon radical addition–cyclization reaction induced by ruthenium-photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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46
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Liao Z, Yi H, Li Z, Fan C, Zhang X, Liu J, Deng Z, Lei A. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Carbooxygenation: Alkylation and Alkoxylation of Styrenes. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:96-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Arceo E, Montroni E, Melchiorre P. Photo-Organocatalysis of Atom-Transfer Radical Additions to Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12064-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Arceo E, Montroni E, Melchiorre P. Photo-Organocatalysis of Atom-Transfer Radical Additions to Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Zhang X, Yi H, Liao Z, Zhang G, Fan C, Qin C, Liu J, Lei A. Copper-catalysed direct radical alkenylation of alkyl bromides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6790-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00813h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalysed direct radical alkenylation of benzyl bromides and α-carbonyl alkyl bromides has been developed. Compared with recent radical alkenylations which mostly focused on secondary or tertiary alkyl halides, this transformation shows good reactivity towards primary alkyl halides and tertiary/secondary alkyl halides are also tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiong Liao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guoting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
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50
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Sawama Y, Nakatani R, Imanishi T, Fujiwara Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Effect of sodium acetate in atom transfer radical addition of polyhaloalkanes to olefins. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47457g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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