1
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Rao WH, Li YG, Jiang LL, Li Q, Zou GD, Cao X. Metal-Free Selective Ortho-C-H Amidation of Hypervalent(III) Iodobezenes with N-Methoxy Amides under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13825-13837. [PMID: 37737590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free selective ortho-C-H amidation of aryl iodines(III) with the use of N-methoxy amides as aminating reagents under mild conditions is described here. In the protocol, excellent chemoselectivity and high regioselectivity were obtained. Notably, the iodine substituent rendered the amidation product suitable to be used for further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ying-Ge Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xinhua Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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2
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Joshi A, De SR. Diaryliodonium Salts in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Induced C(sp
2
/sp
3
)−H Arylations. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Joshi
- Dept. of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Srinagar-Garhwal Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Saroj Ranjan De
- Dept. of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Srinagar-Garhwal Uttarakhand 246174 India
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3
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Nishimoto Y, Fujie M, Hara J, Yasuda M. Effect of noncovalent interactions in ion pairs on hypervalent iodines: inversion of regioselectivity in sulfonyloxylactonization. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00523e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The noncovalent interactions between the sulfonyloxy group and the cationic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moiety substituted in hypervalent iodines caused specific regioselectivity in the sulfonyloxylactonization of 2-vinyl benzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Masaki Fujie
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Junki Hara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
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4
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Copper-Catalyzed C–H Arylation of Fused-Pyrimidinone Derivatives Using Diaryliodonium Salts. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed Csp2–Csp2 bond forming reactions through C–H activation are still one of the most useful strategies for the diversification of heterocyclic moieties using various coupling partners. A catalytic protocol for the C–H (hetero)arylation of thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolin-9(8H)-ones and more generally fused-pyrimidinones using catalyst loading of CuI with diaryliodonium triflates as aryl source under microwave irradiation has been disclosed. The selectivity of the transfer of the aryl group was also disclosed in the case of unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts. Specific phenylation of valuable fused-pyrimidinones including quinazolinone are provided. This strategy enables a rapid access to an array of various (hetero)arylated N-containing polyheteroaromatics as new potential bioactive compounds.
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5
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Abstract
Due to similar reactivity in comparison with aromatic organometallic reagents,
diaryliodonium salts are currently in broad usage as less toxic, highly efficient, stable and
mild electrophilic reagents in organic synthesis. The hypervalent iodine center of diaryliodonium
salts can lead to unique reactivity, which thus is frequently presented in metal-free
arylations or metal-involved elementary reactions such as oxidative addition, reduction
elimination, ligand coupling and ligand exchange reaction. As such, diaryliodonium salts
have experienced explosive growth by transferring aromatics to the target molecules. In
contrast to the reviews on the synthetic utility or aryl transformations by using diaryliodonium
salts, this review provides a summary of their structures and the synthetic strategies
towards them during recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guoqiang An
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Limin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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6
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McDonald AF, Goh YW, White JM, Scott AM, Ackermann U. Automated synthesis of 18F radiolabelled indole containing Oncrasin-like molecules; a comparison of iodonium salts and boronic ester chemistry. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:23. [PMID: 33169204 PMCID: PMC7652984 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncrasin-1 is a small molecule which was identified from a screen of KRAS mutant cancer cells and has shown specificity for KRAS mutant cell killing. We aimed to develop a radiolabelled form of Oncrasin-1 to enable in-vivo imaging of mutant KRAS expression in malignant tumours. This work outlines the synthesis of 3 fluorinated derivatives and development of iodonium salt and boronic ester precursors for radiolabelling with the 18F isotope. Results In our hands, synthesis of iodonium salts were not easily accessible due to the 3-carbaldehyde indole structure being preferentially oxidized by conditions required for iodonium salt formation, rather than benzyl iodide. Synthesis and radiolabelling of boronic acid pinacol ester precursors were successful, with the products being obtained in yields of 10.76% ± 0.96% (n = 5), 14.7% ±8.58% (n = 3) and 14.92% ±3.9% (n = 3) for 18F KAM001, 18F KAM002 and 18F KAM003 respectively, with radiochemical purity of greater than 99%. Conclusions The successful synthesis of these tracers has been undertaken utilizing boronic ester radio-fluorination methods and will allow for investigation of Oncrasin based molecules as potential diagnostics for cancers expressing mutant KRAS protein. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s41181-020-00104-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F McDonald
- The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Insititute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Insititute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Uwe Ackermann
- The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Insititute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia. .,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
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7
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Diaryliodoniums Salts as Coupling Partners for Transition-Metal Catalyzed C- and N-Arylation of Heteroarenes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the pioneering works performed on the metal-catalyzed sp2 C–H arylation of indole and pyrrole by Sanford and Gaunt, N– and C-arylation involving diaryliodonium salts offers an attractive complementary strategy for the late-stage diversification of heteroarenes. The main feature of this expanding methodology is the selective incorporation of structural diversity into complex molecules which usually have several C–H bonds and/or N–H bonds with high tolerance to functional groups and under mild conditions. This review summarizes the main recent achievements reported in transition-metal-catalyzed N– and/or C–H arylation of heteroarenes using acyclic diaryliodonium salts as coupling partners.
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8
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Gallagher RT, Basu S, Stuart DR. Trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) as a Useful Auxiliary for
in situ
Formation and Reaction of Aryl(TMP)iodonium Salts: Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory T. Gallagher
- Department of ChemistryPortland State University Portland Oregon 97201 United States
| | - Souradeep Basu
- Department of ChemistryPortland State University Portland Oregon 97201 United States
| | - David R. Stuart
- Department of ChemistryPortland State University Portland Oregon 97201 United States
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9
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Jang KS, Lee SS, Oh YH, Lee SH, Kim SE, Kim DW, Lee BC, Lee S, Raffel DM. Control of reactivity and selectivity of guanidinyliodonium salts toward 18F-Labeling by monitoring of protecting groups: Experiment and theory. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Gallagher RT, Seidl TL, Bader J, Orella C, Vickery T, Stuart DR. Anion Metathesis of Diaryliodonium Tosylate Salts with a Solid-Phase Column Constructed from Readily Available Laboratory Consumables. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory T. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Thomas L. Seidl
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Joshua Bader
- ExecuPharm, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Charles Orella
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Thomas Vickery
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David R. Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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11
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Vitamin E-inspired multi-scale imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:107-114. [PMID: 30459096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production and use of multi-modal imaging agents is on the rise. The vast majority of these imaging agents are limited to a single length scale for the agent (e.g. tissues only), which is typically at the organ or tissue scale. This work explores the synthesis of such an imaging agent and discusses the applications of our vitamin E-inspired multi-modal and multi-length scale imaging agents TB-Toc ((S,E)-5,5-difluoro-7-(2-(5-((6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl) methyl) thiophen-2-yl) vinyl)-9-methyl-5H-dipyrrolo-[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-4-ium-5-uide). We investigate the toxicity of TB-Toc along with the starting materials and lipid based delivery vehicle in mouse myoblasts and fibroblasts. Further we investigate the uptake of TB-Toc delivered to cultured cells in both solvent and liposomes. TB-Toc has low toxicity, and no change in cell viability was observed up to concentrations of 10 mM. TB-Toc shows time-dependent cellular uptake that is complete in about 30 min. This work is the first step in demonstrating our vitamin E derivatives are viable multi-modal and length scale diagnostic tools.
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12
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Watanabe A, Miyamoto K, Okada T, Asawa T, Uchiyama M. Safer Synthesis of (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes Using Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14262-14268. [PMID: 30392358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A practical method for the preparation of (diacetoxyiodo)arene ArI(OAc)2 is described. The use of commercially available sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaClO·5H2O) enabled safe, rapid, and inexpensive oxidation of iodoarenes with electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents. The method allows tandem divergent access to synthetically useful organo-λ3-iodanes such as hydroxyl(tosyloxy)iodobenzene, iodosylbenzene, iodonium ylide, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Tomohide Okada
- R&D Department of Chemicals , Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. , Shimizu-ku , Shizuoka 421-3203 , Japan
| | - Tomotake Asawa
- R&D Department of Chemicals , Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. , Shimizu-ku , Shizuoka 421-3203 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 , Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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13
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Pike VW. Hypervalent aryliodine compounds as precursors for radiofluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:196-227. [PMID: 28981159 PMCID: PMC10081107 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades or so, hypervalent iodine compounds, such as diaryliodonium salts and aryliodonium ylides, have emerged as useful precursors for labeling homoarenes and heteroarenes with no-carrier-added cyclotron-produced [18 F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.8 min). They permit rapid and effective radiofluorination at electron-rich as well as electron-deficient aryl rings, and often with unrestricted choice of ring position. Consequently, hypervalent aryliodine compounds have found special utility as precursors to various small-molecule 18 F-labeling synthons and to many radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography. This review summarizes this advance in radiofluorination chemistry, with emphasis on precursor synthesis, radiofluorination mechanism, method scope, and method application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Atmuri NDP, Reilley DJ, Lubell WD. Peptidomimetic Synthesis by Way of Diastereoselective Iodoacetoxylation and Transannular Amidation of 7-9-Membered Lactams. Org Lett 2017; 19:5066-5069. [PMID: 28949548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azacyclo- and azabicycloalkanone peptidomimetics were synthesized regio- and diastereoselectively by iodoacetoxylation and transannular amidation reactions on unsaturated lactam precursors contingent on ring size, olefin position, solvent, and hypervalent iodine(III) reagent. 4-Iodopyrrolizidinone 1, 7-iodoindolizidinone 2, and 4-iodo-5-acetoxylactams (e.g., 6 and 7) were made stereospecifically from 7-9-membered olefins 16, iodine, and hypervalent iodine(III) in acetonitrile or toluene, respectively. X-ray crystallography demonstrated potential for mimicry of natural peptide turn side chain and backbone conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Prasad Atmuri
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - David J Reilley
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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15
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Lindstedt E, Reitti M, Olofsson B. One-Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetric Diaryliodonium Salts from Iodine and Arenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11909-11914. [PMID: 28809562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts directly from iodine and arenes is presented. The methodology provides diaryliodonium salts with the trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) moiety as dummy group. The protocol avoids the customary use of iodoarenes, which can be both expensive and toxic. Excess reagents are not required, and the reactions are performed under mild conditions. O-Arylations with these TMP salts were demonstrated to be highly chemoselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lindstedt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Reitti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Seidl TL, Stuart DR. An Admix Approach To Determine Counter Anion Effects on Metal-Free Arylation Reactions with Diaryliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11765-11771. [PMID: 28800238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A method to determine the effect of counter anions in metal-free arylation reactions of diaryliodonium salts is described. This approach avoids the independent synthesis of individual diaryliodonium salts and potentially enables assessment of a large number of different counter anions, including those that are synthetically challenging to install. Diaryliodonium tosylate salts serve as a general precursor for this approach, and an azide arylation reaction was used to develop this strategy. Further optimization and representative scope of azide arylation is demonstrated in yields that range from 74-95% (89% average). The use of this method as a screening tool has also been validated with arylation reactions of three different nucleophiles employing diphenyliodonium tosylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Seidl
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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17
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McCammant M, Thompson S, Brooks AF, Krska SW, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. Cu-Mediated C-H 18F-Fluorination of Electron-Rich (Hetero)arenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:3939-3942. [PMID: 28665619 PMCID: PMC5525103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes a method for the nucleophilic radiofluorination of electron-rich arenes. The reaction involves the initial C(sp2)-H functionalization of an electron-rich arene with MesI(OH)OTs to form a (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salt. This salt is then used in situ in a Cu-mediated radiofluorination with [18F]KF. This approach leverages the stability and availability of electron-rich arene starting materials to enable mild late-stage radiofluorination of toluene, anisole, aniline, pyrrole, and thiophene derivatives. The radiofluorination has been automated to access a 41 mCi dose of an 18F-labeled nimesulide derivative in high (2800 ± 700 Ci/mmol) specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
S. McCammant
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Department
of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F. Brooks
- Department
of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Chemistry
Capabilities and Screening, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department
of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Jung YW, Jang KS, Gu G, Koeppe RA, Sherman PS, Quesada CA, Raffel DM. [ 18F]Fluoro-Hydroxyphenethylguanidines: Efficient Synthesis and Comparison of Two Structural Isomers as Radiotracers of Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1530-1542. [PMID: 28322043 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeled phenethylguanidines are currently under development in our laboratory as radiotracers for quantifying regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density using PET imaging techniques. In this study, we report an efficient synthesis of 18F-hydroxyphenethylguanidines consisting of nucleophilic aromatic [18F]fluorination of a protected diaryliodonium salt precursor followed by a single deprotection step to afford the desired radiolabeled compound. This approach has been shown to reliably produce 4-[18F]fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine ([18F]4F-MHPG, [18F]1) and its structural isomer 3-[18F]fluoro-p-hydroxyphenethylguanidine ([18F]3F-PHPG, [18F]2) with good radiochemical yields. Preclinical evaluations of [18F]2 in nonhuman primates were performed to compare its imaging properties, metabolism, and myocardial kinetics with those obtained previously with [18F]1. The results of these studies have demonstrated that [18F]2 exhibits imaging properties comparable to those of [18F]1. Myocardial tracer kinetic analysis of each tracer provides quantitative metrics of cardiac sympathetic nerve density. Based on these findings, first-in-human PET studies with [18F]1 and [18F]2 are currently in progress to assess their ability to accurately measure regional cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with heart disease, with the ultimate goal of selecting a lead compound for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Woon Jung
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Keun Sam Jang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Guie Gu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phillip S. Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carole A. Quesada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David M. Raffel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Lee YS, Chun JH, Hodošček M, Pike VW. Crystal Structures of Diaryliodonium Fluorides and Their Implications for Fluorination Mechanisms. Chemistry 2017; 23:4353-4363. [PMID: 28145069 PMCID: PMC5687088 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The radiofluorination of diaryliodonium salts is of value for producing radiotracers for positron emission tomography. We report crystal structures for two diaryliodonium fluorides. Whereas diphenyliodonium fluoride (1 a) exists as a tetramer bridged by four fluoride ions, 2-methylphenyl(phenyl)iodonium fluoride (2 a) forms a fluoride-bridged dimer that is further halogen bonded to two other monomers. We discuss the topological relationships between the two and their implications for fluorination in solution. Both radiofluorination and NMR spectroscopy show that thermolysis of 2 a gives 2-fluorotoluene and fluorobenzene in a 2 to 1 ratio that is in good agreement with the ratio observed from the radiofluorination of 2-methylphenyl(phenyl)iodonium chloride (2 b). The constancy of the product ratio affirms that the fluorinations occur via the same two rapidly interconverting transition states whose energy difference dictates chemoselectivity. From quantum chemical studies with density functional theory we attribute the "ortho-effect" to the favorable electrostatic interaction between the incoming fluoride and the o-methyl in the transition state. By utilizing the crystal structures of 1 a and 2 a, the mechanisms of fluoroarene formation from diaryliodonium fluorides in their monomeric, homodimeric, heterodimeric, and tetrameric states were also investigated. We propose that oligomerization energy dictates whether the fluorination occurs through a monomeric or an oligomeric pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sok Lee
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Building 12A, Rm 2049, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rm. B3C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Present address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, South Korea
| | - Milan Hodošček
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rm. B3C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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20
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Carreras V, Sandtorv AH, Stuart DR. Synthesis of Aryl(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)iodonium Trifluoroacetate Salts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1279-1284. [PMID: 28001410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of aryl(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)iodonium trifluoroacetate salts from aryl iodides is described. Stoichiometric quantities of trifluoroacetic acid and trimethoxybenzene are used as the counteranion and auxiliary precursors, respectively, under oxidizing conditions. The reaction occurs at mild temperature, is broad in scope, and does not require a separate anion exchange step to install the trifluoroacetate group. The intermediacy of two distinct dicarboxy aryl-λ3-iodanes is hypothesized in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Carreras
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Alexander H Sandtorv
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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21
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Petersen IN, Villadsen J, Hansen HD, Madsen J, Jensen AA, Gillings N, Lehel S, Herth MM, Knudsen GM, Kristensen JL. 18F-Labelling of electron rich iodonium ylides: application to the radiosynthesis of potential 5-HT2A receptor PET ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4351-4358. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic 18F-labelling of electron aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. N. Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - J. Villadsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging
- Rigshospitalet
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - H. D. Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging
- Rigshospitalet
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - J. Madsen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit
- Rigshospitalet
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - A. A. Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - N. Gillings
- PET and Cyclotron Unit
- Rigshospitalet
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - S. Lehel
- PET and Cyclotron Unit
- Rigshospitalet
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - M. M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - G. M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging
- Rigshospitalet
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - J. L. Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
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22
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Warnier C, Lemaire C, Becker G, Zaragoza G, Giacomelli F, Aerts J, Otabashi M, Bahri MA, Mercier J, Plenevaux A, Luxen A. Enabling Efficient Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) with a Robust and One-Step Radiosynthesis of a Highly Potent 18F-Labeled Ligand ([ 18F]UCB-H). J Med Chem 2016; 59:8955-8966. [PMID: 27598384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the straightforward synthesis of a stable pyridyl(4-methoxyphenyl)iodonium salt and its [18F] radiolabeling within a one-step, fully automated and cGMP compliant radiosynthesis of [18F]UCB-H ([18F]7), a PET tracer for the imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). Over the course of 1 year, 50 automated productions provided 34 ± 2% of injectable [18F]7 from up to 285 GBq (7.7 Ci) of [18F]fluoride in 50 min (uncorrected radiochemical yield, specific activity of 815 ± 185 GBq/μmol). The successful implementation of our synthetic strategy within routine, high-activity, and cGMP productions attests to its practicality and reliability for the production of large doses of [18F]7. In addition to enabling efficient and cost-effective clinical research on a range of neurological pathologies through the imaging of SV2A, this work further demonstrates the real value of iodonium salts for the cGMP 18F-PET tracer manufacturing industry, and their ability to fulfill practical and regulatory requirements in that field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Warnier
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Becker
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidad de RX, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fabrice Giacomelli
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Joël Aerts
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium.,INSERM U1148 , 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
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23
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Seidl TL, Sundalam SK, McCullough B, Stuart DR. Unsymmetrical Aryl(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)iodonium Salts: One-Pot Synthesis, Scope, Stability, and Synthetic Studies. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1998-2009. [PMID: 26828570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diaryliodonium salts have recently attracted significant attention as metal-free-arylation reagents in organic synthesis, and efficient access to these salts is critical for advancement of their use in reaction discovery and development. The trimethoxybenzene-derived auxiliary is a promising component of unsymmetrical variants, yet access remains limited. Here, a one-pot synthesis of aryl(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)iodonium salts from aryl iodides, m-CPBA, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and trimethoxybenzene is described. Optimization of the reaction conditions for this one-pot synthesis was enabled by the method of multivariate analysis. The reaction is fast (<1 h), provides a high yield of product (>85% average), and has broad substrate scope (>25 examples) including elaborate aryl iodides. The utility of these reagents is demonstrated in moderate to high yielding arylation reactions with C-, N-, O-, and S-nucleophiles including the synthesis of a liquid crystal molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Seidl
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Sunil K Sundalam
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Brennen McCullough
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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24
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Haskali MB, Telu S, Lee YS, Morse CL, Lu S, Pike VW. An Investigation of (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes as Precursors for Preparing No-Carrier-Added [(18)F]Fluoroarenes from Cyclotron-Produced [(18)F]Fluoride Ion. J Org Chem 2016; 81:297-302. [PMID: 26641128 PMCID: PMC5573187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of (diacetoxyiodo)arenes (1a-1u) with cyclotron-produced [(18)F]fluoride ion rapidly affords no-carrier-added [(18)F]fluoroarenes (2a-2u) in useful yields and constitutes a new method for converting substituted iodoarenes into substituted [(18)F]fluoroarenes in just two steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Haskali
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Yong-Sok Lee
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health , Building 12A, Room 2049, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5624, United States
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
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25
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Gonda Z, Novák Z. Transition-Metal-Free N-Arylation of Pyrazoles with Diaryliodonium Salts. Chemistry 2015; 21:16801-6. [PMID: 26435180 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic method was developed for the N-arylation of pyrazoles using diaryliodonium salts. The transformation does not require any transition-metal catalyst and provides the desired N-arylpyrazoles rapidly under mild reaction condition in the presence of aqueous ammonia solution as a mild base without the use of inert atmosphere. The chemoselectivity of unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts was also explored with large number of examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Gonda
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1A, 1117 Budapest (Hungary), Fax: (+36) 1-372-2592
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1A, 1117 Budapest (Hungary), Fax: (+36) 1-372-2592.
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26
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Yusubov MS, Svitich DY, Yoshimura A, Kastern BJ, Nemykin VN, Zhdankin VV. Preparation, X-ray Structure, and Reactivity of Triisopropylsilyl-Substituted Aryliodonium Salts. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Sundalam SK, Stuart DR. Base Mediated Synthesis of Alkyl-aryl Ethers from the Reaction of Aliphatic Alcohols and Unsymmetric Diaryliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6456-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Sundalam
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R. Stuart
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland Oregon 97201, United States
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28
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Edwards R, Westwell AD, Daniels S, Wirth T. Convenient Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Salts for the Production of [18F]F-DOPA. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Identification of chemical byproducts in the radiofluorination of structurally complex aryliodonium salts. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Kumar Muthyala M, Choudhary S, Pandey K, Shelke GM, Jha M, Kumar A. Synthesis of Ionic-Liquid-Supported Diaryliodonium Salts. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Xu R, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Zoghbi SS, Gladding RL, Woock AE, Innis RB, Pike VW. Synthesis and evaluation in monkey of [(18)F]4-fluoro-N-methyl-N-(4-(6-(methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)thiazol-2-yl)benzamide ([(18)F]FIMX): a promising radioligand for PET imaging of brain metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1). J Med Chem 2013; 56:9146-55. [PMID: 24147864 DOI: 10.1021/jm4012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We sought to develop a PET radioligand that would be useful for imaging human brain metabotropic subtype 1 receptors (mGluR1) in neuropsychiatric disorders and in drug development. 4-Fluoro-N-methyl-N-(4-(6-(methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)thiazol-2-yl)benzamide (FIMX, 11) was identified as having favorable properties for development as a PET radioligand. We developed a method for preparing [(18)F]11 in useful radiochemical yield and in high specific activity from [(18)F]fluoride ion and an N-Boc-protected (phenyl)aryliodonium salt precursor (15). In baseline experiments in rhesus monkey, [(18)F]11 gave high brain radioactivity uptake, reflecting the expected distribution of mGluR1 with notably high uptake in cerebellum, which became 47% lower by 120 min after radioligand injection. Pharmacological challenges demonstrated that a very high proportion of the radioactivity in monkey brain was bound specifically and reversibly to mGluR1. [(18)F]11 is concluded to be an effective PET radioligand for imaging mGluR1 in monkey brain and therefore merits further evaluation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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32
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Chun JH, Pike VW. Single-step syntheses of no-carrier-added functionalized [18F]fluoroarenes as labeling synthons from diaryliodonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6300-6. [PMID: 23942997 PMCID: PMC4184149 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotracers labelled with short-lived fluorine-18 (t(1/2) = 109.7 min) are keenly sought for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). The radiotracers are mostly required at high specific radioactivities, necessitating their radiosyntheses from cyclotron-produced no-carrier-added [(18)F]fluoride ion. PET radiotracers encompass wide structural diversity and molecular weight. Hence, diverse (18)F-labeling methodology is needed to accomplish the required radiosyntheses in a simple and rapid manner. A useful strategy is to introduce nucleophilic [(18)F]fluoride ion first into a labeling synthon that may then be applied to label the target radiotracer. Here, we show that various functionalized [(18)F]fluoroarenes may be rapidly synthesized as labeling synthons through single-step reactions of appropriate diaryliodonium salts with [(18)F]fluoride ion. Decay-corrected radiochemical yields (RCYs) varied with position of functional group, choice of electron-rich aryl ring in the diaryliodonium salt, and choice of anion. Under best conditions, (18)F-labeled fluorobenzaldehydes, fluorobenzyl halides, fluorobenzoic acid esters and fluorophenyl ketones were obtained selectively in 40-73%, 20-55%, 46-89% and 81-98% RCYs, respectively. This versatile straightforward methodology will enhance the scope for producing structurally complex, yet useful, PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA., Fax: +1 301 480 5112; Tel: +1 301 594 5986
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33
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Jang KS, Jung YW, Gu G, Koeppe RA, Sherman PS, Quesada CA, Raffel DM. 4-[18F]Fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine: a radiopharmaceutical for quantifying regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density with positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7312-23. [PMID: 23965035 PMCID: PMC4520396 DOI: 10.1021/jm400770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
4-[(18)F]Fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine ([(18)F]4F-MHPG, [(18)F]1) is a new cardiac sympathetic nerve radiotracer with kinetic properties favorable for quantifying regional nerve density with PET and tracer kinetic analysis. An automated synthesis of [(18)F]1 was developed in which the intermediate 4-[(18)F]fluoro-m-tyramine ([(18)F]16) was prepared using a diaryliodonium salt precursor for nucleophilic aromatic [(18)F]fluorination. In PET imaging studies in rhesus macaque monkeys, [(18)F]1 demonstrated high quality cardiac images with low uptake in lungs and the liver. Compartmental modeling of [(18)F]1 kinetics provided net uptake rate constants Ki (mL/min/g wet), and Patlak graphical analysis of [(18)F]1 kinetics provided Patlak slopes Kp (mL/min/g). In pharmacological blocking studies with the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor desipramine (DMI), each of these quantitative measures declined in a dose-dependent manner with increasing DMI doses. These initial results strongly suggest that [(18)F]1 can provide quantitative measures of regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density in human hearts using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Sam Jang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yong-Woon Jung
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Guie Gu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Phillip S. Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Carole A. Quesada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David M. Raffel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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34
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Joong-Hyun C, Pike VW. Single-step Radiosyntheses of ' 18F-Labeled Click Synthons' from Azide-functionalized Diaryliodonium Salts. European J Org Chem 2012; 2012:4541-4547. [PMID: 24532989 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an increasingly important biomedical imaging technique that relies on the development of radiotracers labeled with positron-emitters to achieve biochemical specificity. Fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.7 min) is an attractive positron-emitting radiolabel for organic radiotracers, primarily because of its longer half-life and greater availability relative to those for the main alternative, carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min). Rapid simple methods are sought for labeling prospective PET radiotracers with fluorine-18 from cyclotron-produced aqueous [18F]fluoride ion, which must often be converted first into a suitably reactive labeling synthon for use in a subsequent labelling reaction. Use of 18F-labeled synthons in 'click chemistry' attracts increasing attention for labeling PE Tradiotracers. Here we describe rapid single-step radiosyntheses of azido- or azidomethyl-bearing [18F]fluoroarenes from the reactions of diaryliodonium salts with no-carrier-added [18F]fluoride ion within a microfluidic apparatus to provide previously poorly accessible 18F-labeled click synthons in radiochemical yields of 15% for [18F]4-fluorophenyl azide and about 40% for each of the [18F](azidomethyl)-fluorobenzenes. The radiosyntheses of the latter synthons was possible under 'wet conditions', so obviating the need to dry the cyclotron-produced [18F]fluoride ion and greatly enhancing the practicality of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Joong-Hyun
- [ ] Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- [ ] Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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35
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Landge KP, Jang KS, Lee SY, Chi DY. Approach to the Synthesis of Indoline Derivatives from Diaryliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5705-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300874m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamalkishor P. Landge
- Department
of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeomro
Mapogu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Sam Jang
- Department
of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeomro
Mapogu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeul Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeomro
Mapogu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Chi
- Department
of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeomro
Mapogu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
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