1
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Gao C, Li H, Zhao J, Bu L, Sun M, Wang J, Tao G, Wang L, Li L, Wen G, Hu Y. Atroposelective Formal [2 + 5] Macrocyclization Synthesis for a Novel All-Hydrocarbon Cyclo[7] Meta-Benzene Macrocycle. Molecules 2024; 29:3363. [PMID: 39064941 PMCID: PMC11279907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel axially chiral all-hydrocarbon cyclo[7] (1,3-(4,6-dimethyl)benzene (CDMB-7) was designed and synthesized using atroposelective[2 + 5] cyclization through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. CDMB-7 adopts an irregular bowl-like shape with C2 symmetry and exhibits two diastereoisomers in its crystallographic structure. The conformational isomers of CDMB-7 racemates remain stable at high temperatures (393 K). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed that a single chiral isomer will spontaneously undergo racemization within 30 min at room temperature. This finding opens up possibilities for achieving adaptive chirality in all-hydrocarbon cyclo[7] m-benzene macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Hongchen Li
- CNOOC Institute of Chemicals & Advanced Materials, Beijing 102209, China;
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Lulu Bu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Mei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Jingrui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Gang Tao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Longde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Guilin Wen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Yunhu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China; (J.Z.); (L.B.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (G.T.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (G.W.)
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2
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Onaka Y, Sakai R, Fukunaga TM, Ikemoto K, Isobe H. Bayesian Inference for Model Analyses of Supramolecular Complexes: A Case Study with Nanocarbon Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405388. [PMID: 38580617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
A 126 π-electron nanobowl molecule, phenine tridehydrosumanene, was synthesized in 12 steps through the development of a polygon cyclization strategy that assembled the polygonal precursors by Ni-mediated macrocyclization. The bowl-shaped structure accommodated C70 as a guest at the concave site, and the ball-in-bowl structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The host-guest equilibrium in solution was studied with titration experiments using isothermal calorimetry, which provided an interesting test case for studying the host-guest stoichiometry. Bayesian inference was introduced for stoichiometric analyses of the equilibrium, and a procedure to estimate the volume of prior probability in the parameter space was developed. The Bayesian procedure functioned as Occam's razor and provided quantitative support for a specific stoichiometry. The method was examined with five host-guest examples comprising nanocarbon hosts, which suggested the versatility of Bayesian inference for studies of supramolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuka Onaka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Renki Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya M Fukunaga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Ikemoto K, Isobe H. Introduction of peripheral nitrogen atoms to cyclo- meta-phenylenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1207-1212. [PMID: 38887575 PMCID: PMC11181282 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclo-meta-phenylenes doped with nitrogen atoms at the periphery were designed and synthesized. The syntheses of the macrocyclic structures were achieved with one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura coupling to arrange phenylene rings and pyridinylene rings in an alternating fashion. Analyses with UV-vis spectroscopy showed changes in the photophysical properties with nitrogen doping, and X-ray crystallographic analyses experimentally revealed the presence of biased charges on the peripheral nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Honda K, Tahara K. Heptagonal Molecular Tiling via Self-Assembly of Heptagonal Phenylene-Ethynylene Macrocycle at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400926. [PMID: 38567873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The molecular-level scrutinization of on-surface tiling garners considerable interest among scientists. Herein, we demonstrate molecular-level heptagonal tiling using the self-assembly of a heptagonal meta-phenylene-ethynylene macrocycle featuring 14 long alkoxy substituents at the liquid-graphite interface using scanning tunneling microscopy. This heptagonal macrocycle produces an antiparallel pattern at the 1-phenyloctane-graphite interface through van der Waals interactions between the alkoxy chains. This pattern resembles the densely packed pattern of heptagonal tiles, albeit with variations in the orientations and spacing of heptagonal cores owing to intermolecular interactions between the alkoxy chains. Conversely, at the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-graphite interface, the heptagonal molecule forms an oblique pattern composed of four independent molecular orientations. This phenomenon arises from core distortion induced by the coadsorption of the solvent molecules within the intrinsic macrocyclic pores. This study elucidates the design strategy - specifically, the choice of heptagonal molecular building block - for heptagonal tiling and fills a crucial gap in the field of two-dimensional crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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5
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Ehjeij D, Rominger F, Bunz UHF, Freudenberg J, Müllen K. Thermolysis of Biphenylene toward Cyclo-ortho-phenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312040. [PMID: 38084633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The solvent and catalyst free thermolysis of biphenylenes at 350 °C furnishes [n]cyclo-ortho-phenylenes ([n]COPs, n=4-10) in one step and in high yields. At 400 °C biphenylene dimerizes into tetraphenylene, but lower reaction temperatures produce cyclooligomers. If suitably substituted, the oligomers are soluble and can be isolated and characterized. The products are exclusively cyclic. In the crystalline state, [6]COP displays an alternating crown-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ehjeij
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Li S, Chen J. Synthesis and Properties of Novel Alkyl-Substituted Hexaazacyclophanes and Their Diradical Dications. Molecules 2024; 29:789. [PMID: 38398541 PMCID: PMC10893516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radicals based on arylamine cyclophanes can be used as functional materials and show application potential in fields such as synthetic chemistry, molecular electronic components, organic light-emitting diodes, and catalytic chemistry. Using a Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed aryl halide amination method, we synthesized a series of neutral hexaazacyclophane compounds 1-3 with different substituents in the meta-meta-meta positions of the phenyl rings. Three characteristic high-spin hexaazacyclophane diradical dications were obtained by two-electron oxidation using AgSbF6: 12·+•2[SbF6]-, 22·+•2[SbF6]-, and 32·+•2[SbF6]-. The electronic structures and physical properties of these compounds were then investigated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interferometry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The findings provide new ideas for designing radical species with novel physical properties and electronic structures. Importantly, the obtained radical species are not sensitive to air, making them valuable functional materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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7
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Mei P, Morimoto H, Okada Y, Matsuo K, Hayashi H, Saeki A, Yamada H, Aratani N. Complexation study of a 1,3-phenylene-bridged cyclic hexa-naphthalene with fullerenes C 60 and C 70 in solution and 1D-alignment of fullerenes in the crystals. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33459-33462. [PMID: 38025867 PMCID: PMC10644901 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the host ability of a simple macrocycle, 1,3-phenylene-bridged naphthalene hexamer N6, we evaluated the complexation of N6 with fullerenes in toluene and in the crystals. The complexes in the solid-state demonstrate the one-dimensional alignment of fullerenes. The single-crystals of the C60@N6 composite have semiconductive properties revealed by photoconductivity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Mei
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yuta Okada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
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8
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Ikemoto K, Nagata D, Matsuno T, Isobe H. Concise Synthesis of Molecular Hyperboloids by Oligomeric Macrocyclization of Octagonal Molecules. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300046. [PMID: 36894499 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular hyperboloids were designed and synthesized. The synthesis was achieved by development of oligomeric macrocyclization of an octagonal molecule with a saddle shape. The saddle-shaped molecule, that is, [8]cyclo-meta-phenylene ([8]CMP), was decorated with two linkers for the oligomeric macrocyclization and was synthetically assembled by Ni-mediated Yamamoto coupling. Three congeners of the molecular hyperboloids (2mer-4mer) were obtained, and 2mer and 3mer were subjected to X-ray crystallographic analysis. Crystal structures revealed nanometer-sized hyperboloidal structures with 96π and 144π electrons, which also possessed nanopores on the curved molecular structures. Structures of [8]CMP cores of the molecular hyperboloids were compared with those of saddle-shaped phenine [8]circulene with a negative Gauss curvature to confirm their structural resemblance, which suggests further explorations of expanded networks of molecular hyperboloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daiya Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Grabicki N, Fisher S, Dumele O. A Fourfold Gold(I)-Aryl Macrocycle with Hyperbolic Geometry and its Reductive Elimination to a Carbon Nanoring Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217917. [PMID: 36753601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
An ethylene glycol-decorated [6]cyclo-meta-phenylene (CMP) macrocycle was synthesized and utilized as a subunit to construct a fourfold AuI 2 -aryl metallacycle with an overall square arrangement. The corners consist of rigid dinuclear gold(I) complexes previously known to form only triangular metallacycles. The interplay between the conformational flexibility of the [6]CMP macrocycle and the rigid dinuclear gold(I) moieties enable the square geometry, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The formation of the gold complex shows size-selectivity compared to an alternative route using platinum(II) corner motifs. Upon reductive elimination, an all-organic ether-decorated carbon nanoring was obtained. Investigation as a host for the complexation of large guest molecules with a suitable convex π-surfaces was accomplished using isothermal NMR binding titrations. Association constants for [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP), [7]CPP, C60 , and C70 were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grabicki
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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10
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He H, Lee S, Liu N, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL, Ke XS. Cyclic Carbaporphyrin Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3047-3054. [PMID: 36693015 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two cyclic carbaporphyrin arrays (trimer 6 and tetramer 7) were synthesized from a dibrominated carbaporphyrin precursor (5) via a one-pot Yamamoto-type coupling. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that 6 and 7 contain three and four covalently linked carbaporphyrin (formally dicarbacorrole) units, respectively. Trimer 6 adopts a roughly planar conformation and tetramer 7 adopts an up-and-down zig-zag conformation. Both 6 and 7 contain a [n]cyclo-meta-phenylene ([n]CMP) core, namely, [6]- and [8]CMP for 6 and 7, respectively. Transient absorption (TA) anisotropy and pump-power-dependent excited-state decay studies provided evidence for excitation energy transfer (EET) within both trimer 6 and tetramer 7. The exciton energy hopping (EEH) times were estimated to be 18 and 35 ps for 6 and 7, respectively, as inferred from pump-power-dependent TA measurements. Since the center-to-center distances between adjacent carbaporphyrin units are similar in 6 and 7, the different EEH times are attributed to differences in the orientation of the transition dipoles in these two congeneric arrays. The orientation factor κ2, the key parameter defining the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency, was calculated to be 2.15 and 1.03 for 6 and 7, respectively, a finding that supports the shorter excitation energy hopping time seen in the case of trimer 6. To our knowledge, this is the first time that covalently linked cyclic carbaporphyrin arrays were synthesized using a single carbaporphyrin as the starting point and that EET between carbaporphyrin subunits constrained within a well-defined polycyclic framework has been correlated with structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Seokwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ningchao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Akiyoshi M, Ikemoto K, Isobe H. Tier-grown Expansion of Design-of-Experiments Parameter Spaces for Synthesis of a Nanometer-scale Macrocycle. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201141. [PMID: 36424827 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A method to find optimum synthetic conditions was devised by combining a data-driven empirical model with a traditional mechanistic model. In this method, an experimental parameter space was empirically obtained by Design-of-Experiments optimizations with machine-learning supplements and was strategically expanded by examination of the mechanistic model of the reaction paths. An extra tier grown on the original 3×3×3 parameter space succeeded in allocating an optimum reaction condition in the expanded 3×3×4 parameter space. The method was specifically devised for the synthesis of a macrocycle, [n]cyclo-meta-phenylenes ([n]CMP), and the largest congener with n=12 was synthesized and fully characterized for the first time. Crystallographic and photophysical analyses revealed favorable features of [12]CMP for the material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Akiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hioyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Sidler E, Zwick P, Kress C, Reznikova K, Fuhr O, Fenske D, Mayor M. Intense Molar Circular Dichroism in Fully Conjugated All-Carbon Macrocyclic 1,3-Butadiyne Linked pseudo-meta [2.2]Paracyclophanes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201764. [PMID: 35781897 PMCID: PMC9805063 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic access to macrocyclic molecular topologies with interesting photophysical properties has greatly improved thanks to the successful implementation of organic and inorganic corner units. Based on recent reports, we realized that pseudo-meta [2.2]paracyclophanes (PCPs) might serve as optimal corner units for constructing 3D functional materials, owing to their efficient electronic communication, angled substituents and planar chirality. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and optical properties of four novel all-carbon enantiopure macrocycles bearing three to six pseudo-meta PCPs linked by 1,3-butadiyne units. The macrocycles were obtained by a single step from enantiopure, literature-known dialkyne pseudo-meta PCP and were unambiguously identified and characterized by state of the art spectroscopic methods and in part even by x-ray crystallography. By comparing the optical properties to relevant reference compounds, it is shown that the pseudo-meta PCP subunit effectively elongates the conjugated system throughout the macrocyclic backbone, such that already the smallest macrocycle consisting of only three subunits reaches a polymer-like conjugation length. Additionally, it is shown that the chiral pseudo-meta PCPs induce a remarkable chiroptical response in the respective macrocycles, reaching unprecedented high molar circular dichroism values for all-carbon macrocycles of up to 1307 L mol-1 cm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sidler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Patrick Zwick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Charlotte Kress
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Ksenia Reznikova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P. O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Dieter Fenske
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P. O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P. O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University (SYSU)510275GuangzhouP. R. China
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13
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Ikemoto K, Akiyoshi M, Mio T, Nishioka K, Sato S, Isobe H. Synthesis of a Negatively Curved Nanocarbon Molecule with an Octagonal Omphalos via Design-of-Experiments Optimizations Supplemented by Machine Learning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204035. [PMID: 35603558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A saddle-shaped nanocarbon molecule was synthesized, which revealed the existence of negative Gauss curvatures on a >3-nm molecular structure possessing 192 π-electrons. The synthesis was facilitated by a protocol developed with Design-of-Experiments optimizations and machine-learning predictions, and spectroscopy and crystallography were used to reveal the saddle-shaped structure of the molecule. Solution-phase analyses showed the presence of dimeric assembly, and crystallographic analyses revealed the stacked dimeric structures. The stacked crystal structure was scrutinized by various methods, including Gauss curvatures derived from the discrete surface theory of geometry, to reveal the important role of the molecular Gauss curvature in dimeric assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Misato Akiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Mio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaito Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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15
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Ikemoto K, Akiyoshi M, Mio T, Nishioka K, Sato S, Isobe H. Synthesis of a Negatively Curved Nanocarbon Molecule with an Octagonal Omphalos via Design‐of‐Experiments Optimizations Supplemented by Machine Learning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Misato Akiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tatsuru Mio
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kaito Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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16
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IKEMOTO K, FUKUNAGA TM, ISOBE H. Phenine design for nanocarbon molecules. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:379-400. [PMID: 36216532 PMCID: PMC9614209 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the name "phenine" given to 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene for a fundamental trigonal planar unit to weave nanometer-sized networks, a series of curved nanocarbon molecules have been designed and synthesized. Since the 6π-phenine units were amenable to modern biaryl coupling reactions mediated by transition metals, concise syntheses of >400π-nanocarbon molecules were readily achieved. In addition, the phenine design allowed for installing of heteroatoms and/or transition metals doped at specific positions of the large π-systems of the nanocarbon molecules. Fundamental tools were also developed to specify and describe the locations of defects/dopants, quantify pyramidalizations of trigonal panels and estimate molecular Gauss curvatures of the discrete surface. Unique features of phenine nanocarbons, such as stereoisomerism, entropy-driven molecular assembly and effects of dopants on electronic/magnetic characteristics, were revealed during the first half-decade of investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki IKEMOTO
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki ISOBE
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Nathusius M, Sleeman D, Pan J, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Kinetic Stabilization of Blue-Emissive Anthracenes: Phenylene Bridging Works Best. Chemistry 2021; 27:16606-16610. [PMID: 34519387 PMCID: PMC9293334 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In attempts at kinetically stabilizing blue-emissive anthracenes, a series of 9,10-diaryl substituted derivatives were tested for their photochemical and photooxidative persistence. A major breakthrough in light fastness comes from a new bis-meta-terphenylyl substituted anthracene which is much superior to industrially relevant 9,10-biarylated anthracenes. The key issue is the steric shielding of the anthracene core. Further, intramolecular ring closure via Yamamoto coupling furnished a doubly bridged anthracene as a "self-encapsulated" sky-blue emitter which is most resistant to photodegradation. The improved stabilization was corroborated by time-resolved irradiation experiments and rationalized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Nathusius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- InnovationLabSpeyerer Str. 469115HeidelbergGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Daniel Sleeman
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Junyou Pan
- Brilliant Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd.Yongda Rd. 148318020TaizhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- InnovationLabSpeyerer Str. 469115HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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18
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Yang S, Miyachi A, Matsuno T, Muto H, Sasakawa H, Ikemoto K, Isobe H. Metal-Templated Oligomeric Macrocyclization via Coupling for Metal-Doped π-Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15017-15021. [PMID: 34491044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of metal-doped aromatic macrocycles has been developed. The method, i.e., metal-templated oligomeric macrocyclization via coupling, adopts Ni as the template and assembles five pyridine units via a Ni-mediated coupling reaction to form aryl-aryl linkages. A pentameric oligopyridyl macrocycle was selectively obtained in good yield, and the reaction was also applicable to a gram-scale synthesis. The pentameric oligopyridyl macrocycle captured d8-Ni(II) at the center to form a paramagnetic pentagonal-bipyramidal complex. The method was applied to the synthesis of a large π-molecule to afford a nanometer-sized, bowl-shaped molecule having a unique combination of 120π and 8d electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Miyachi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hitomi Muto
- JEOL Resonance Inc., Musashino 3-1-2, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasakawa
- JEOL Resonance Inc., Musashino 3-1-2, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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19
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Yang Y, Nanjo Y, Isobe H, Sato S. Synthesis and stereoisomerism of [n]cyclo-2,9-phenanthrenylene congeners possessing alternating E/Z- and R/S-biaryl linkages. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4949-4955. [PMID: 32572414 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and cyclostereoisomerism of [n]cyclo-2,9-phenanthrenylenes ([n]CPhen2,9, n = 4, 6 and 8), possessing hybrid E/Z- and R/S-biaryl linkages, were elaborated. The dimer of a phenanthrene derivative was used as a starting material and underwent Ni-mediated Yamamoto-type coupling to afford [6]CPhen2,9 as a major cyclic product, as well as [4]CPhen2,9 and [8]CPhen2,9 as minor products. The stereoisomers of [n]CPhen2,9 were isolated and characterized, and the number of stereoisomers indicated that E/Z linkages did not provide any experimentally separable isomers, whereas the chirality in [n]CPhen2,9 originated from the intrinsic axial chirality at constrained R/S linkages. Theoretical calculations predicted that the 2,2'-linkages in [n]CPhen2,9 adopted a fixed Z- or E-configuration, which suggested a novel type of dynamics of atropisomerism in contrast to the reported rigid or flexible behavior. This study enriches our understanding of the stereochemical features of E/Z linkages in aromatic macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Nanjo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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20
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Wang J, Ju YY, Low KH, Tan YZ, Liu J. A Molecular Transformer: A π-Conjugated Macrocycle as an Adaptable Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11814-11818. [PMID: 33751785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a facile method to synthesize a series of macrocycles with different conformations. The planar macrocycle dimer (1), twisted macrocycle trimer (2) and "figure-eight" tetramer (3) are clearly elucidated by X-ray single-crystal analysis, in which the electron-rich phenanthrene units offer the possibility of supramolecular assembly. As expected, in the solid state, 1 and 3 assemble into a columnar stack and an interlocking dimer, respectively, via π-π interactions between the phenanthrene units. Compared to the rigid conformation of dimer 1, the structure of tetramer 3 is more flexible due to its enlarged ring size. 3 can deform from a figure-eight into a boat-shaped geometry to host a planar electron-deficient guest using its electron-rich phenanthrene units. When assembled with spherical electron-deficient C60 , interestingly, 3 further undergoes a conformational transformation from a figure-eight to a belt shape in order to host C60 . These supramolecular assembly behaviors of 3 demonstrate that it is an adaptable macrocyclic host for both planar molecules and fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang-Yang Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Wang J, Ju Y, Low K, Tan Y, Liu J. A Molecular Transformer: A π‐Conjugated Macrocycle as an Adaptable Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yang‐Yang Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kam‐Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yuan‐Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
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22
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Ikemoto K, Isobe H. Geodesic Phenine Frameworks. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Molecular compounds with zigzag carbon nanotube geometries are exceedingly rare. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of carbon-based nanotubes with zigzag geometry, best described as radially oriented [n]cyclo-meta-phenylenes, extending the tubularene family of compounds. By the incorporation of edge-sharing benzene rings into the tubularene's radial π-surface, we have uncovered the first step to give rise to the emergence of radial orbital distribution in zigzag nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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24
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Matsuno T, Fukunaga K, Kobayashi S, Sarkar P, Sato S, Ikeda T, Isobe H. Crystalline Naphthylene Macrocycles Capturing Gaseous Small Molecules in Chiral Nanopores. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3829-3835. [PMID: 32896993 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of chiral naphthylene macrocycles, [n]cyclo-epi-naphthylenes ([n]CeNAPs), possessing epi-linkages were synthesized by one-pot macrocyclization. With chiral (R)- or (S)-1,1'-linkages embedded in binaphthyl precursors, the macrocycles were assembled in polygonal structures possessing chiral hinges as corners. Among four chiral [n]CeNAP variants, [8]CeNAP with eight naphthylene panels formed robust columnar assemblies in crystals. The nanoporous crystals maintained a columnar assembly structure even after the removal of encapsulated solvent molecules, and their gas adsorption behavior was thoroughly investigated. Gas adsorption, including state-of-the-art in situ crystallographic analyses, revealed accurate atomic-level structures of the nanopores trapping gaseous N2 molecules in chiral C2 arrangements. With macrocycles as basic frameworks, functional nanopores may be exploited for chiral small-molecule alignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyu-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kengo Fukunaga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyu-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Parantap Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Present address: Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyu-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuji Ikeda
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyu-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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25
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Liu SH, Hou H, Deng ZY, Wang XR, Tang C, Ju YY, Feng LB, Tan YZ. Three-dimensional conjugated macrocycle with large polyaromatic blocks constructed by post-π-extension. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Kurosaki R, Matsuo K, Hayashi H, Yamada H, Aratani N. A Directly-linked Cyclic Pyrene Tetramer as a Back-to-back Receptor for Two Fullerenes. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurosaki
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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27
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Walsh JC, Bodwell GJ. The phenine concept delivers a nitrogen-doped nanotube and evokes infinite possibilities. Commun Chem 2020; 3:94. [PMID: 36703313 PMCID: PMC9814705 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Walsh
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL Canada A1B 3X7
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28
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Yoshii A, Onaka Y, Ikemoto K, Izumi T, Sato S, Kita H, Taka H, Isobe H. Acyclic, Linear Oligo-meta-phenylenes as Multipotent Base Materials for Highly Efficient Single-layer Organic Light-emitting Devices. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2181-2186. [PMID: 32449831 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligo-meta-phenylenes have been designed and synthesized as multipotent base materials of single-layer organic light-emitting devices. Simple molecular structures of oligo-meta-phenylenes composed of linear phenylene arrays benefited from the wealth of modern reactions available for biaryl couplings and were concisely synthesized in a series. Structure-performance relationship studies with the first seven congeners revealed key features important for the multipotent materials in single-layer devices. As a result, highly efficient phosphorescent electroluminescence was made possible in a highly simplified device architecture comprising one-region, single-layer configurations. Detailed investigations with hole-only devices disclosed that the hole mobility was effectively retarded by potent materials, which should facilitate hole/electron recombination for electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Yoshii
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuzuka Onaka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Konica Minolta Ishikawacho, Hachioji, 192-8505, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kita
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Konica Minolta Ishikawacho, Hachioji, 192-8505, Japan
| | - Hideo Taka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Konica Minolta Ishikawacho, Hachioji, 192-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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29
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Dias JR. Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) series are molecular models for graphene armchair edges: trends in their aromaticity and cyclic conjugation are evaluated. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1666172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Ray Dias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
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30
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Nogami J, Tanaka Y, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Zigzag-Type Cyclophenylene Belts by Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9834-9842. [PMID: 32362122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Planar chiral zigzag-type [8]- and [12]cyclophenylene (CP) belts have been synthesized in good yields with high ee values of 98% and 83%, respectively, by the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular sequential cyclotrimerizations of the corresponding cyclic polyynes. The observed high enantioselectivity arises from the regioselective formation of a rhodacycle intermediate from an unsymmetric triyne unit. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of the racemic planar chiral zigzag-type [8]CP belt revealed that the uneven molecules mesh with each other to form a one-dimensional columnar packing structure, in which one column contains single enantiomers, giving two types of chiral columns [(S)- and (R)-form columns] arranged alternately. The ring strain of the zigzag-type [8]CP belt was smaller than that of the armchair-type [8]CPP belt despite its smaller ring size, due to the presence of the strain-relieving m-terphenyl moieties. The effect of the number of the benzene rings of the zigzag-type CP belts on absorption and emission peaks was small due to interruption of π-conjugation at the m-phenylene moieties. However, the bending effect on the absolute fluorescence quantum yield as well as absorption and emission peaks was significant. Concerning chiroptical properties, the modest anisotropy dissymmetry factors of ECD and CPL were observed in the [8]CP belt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | | | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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31
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Mio T, Ikemoto K, Sato S, Isobe H. Synthesis of a Hemispherical Geodesic Phenine Framework by a Polygon Assembling Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6567-6571. [PMID: 31965681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy to construct large geodesic structures of phenine (1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene) was devised. In this strategy, five pentagons were assembled on an omphalos pentagon, and bridging peripheral pentagons furnished five additional hexagons. Thirty phenine units were synthetically assembled to afford a large C220 H180 molecule with a phenine framework isoreticular to a hemispherical, bisected segment of C60 . Although a hemispherical structure of the phenine framework was suggested by solution-phase NMR spectra, crystallographic analysis revealed an oval-like deformation of the molecular shape. In-depth structural analyses, including theoretical calculations, showed that structural fluctuations observed as variations in the biaryl torsion angles allowed structural deformations and, at the same time, that the dynamic fluctuations resulted in the spectroscopic observation of a hemisphere as a time-averaged structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuru Mio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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32
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Mio T, Ikemoto K, Sato S, Isobe H. Synthesis of a Hemispherical Geodesic Phenine Framework by a Polygon Assembling Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuru Mio
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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33
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Sugita H, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Synthesis of cyclic aromatic polymer containing thiophene or pyridine by means of unstoichiometric Suzuki‐Miyaura cyclic polycondensation: Effect of the position of bromine of heteroarylenes on cyclic polycondensation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sugita
- Department of Materials and Life ChemistryKanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life ChemistryKanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life ChemistryKanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan
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34
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Toyota S, Wakamatsu K. Theoretical Studies of Structures and Conformational Analysis of Anthracene-2,7-diyl Cyclic Oligomers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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35
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Ikemoto K, Tokuhira T, Uetani A, Harabuchi Y, Sato S, Maeda S, Isobe H. Fluorescence Enhancement of Aromatic Macrocycles by Lowering Excited Singlet State Energies. J Org Chem 2019; 85:150-157. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tokuhira
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akari Uetani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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36
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De Hoe C, Dean RT, Hacker AS, Dutta SH, Dominguez O, Parsons LWT, Sommerville PJW, Vandivier KP, Chalifoux WA, Frantz DK. Synthesis and Structure of a Strained, Cyclic meta
-Quaterphenylene Acetylene. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clement De Hoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Ryan T. Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Allison S. Hacker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Sudeep H. Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Omar Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Leo W. T. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Parker J. W. Sommerville
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Kai P. Vandivier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nevada, Reno; 1664 N. Virginia St Reno Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Derik K. Frantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
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37
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Kurosaki R, Hayashi H, Suzuki M, Jiang J, Hatanaka M, Aratani N, Yamada H. A remarkably strained cyclopyrenylene trimer that undergoes metal-free direct oxygen insertion into the biaryl C-C σ-bond. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6785-6790. [PMID: 31391899 PMCID: PMC6640197 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A remarkably strained cyclopyrenylene trimer CP3 was synthesized and it underwent the first biaryl C-C σ-bond cleavage by direct oxygen insertion without the aid of any metal agents. A priori highly strained CP3 exhibits the longest wavelength emission among all pyrene-based fluorophores due to the intensive electronic interactions between pyrenes. The color of the emission drastically changes from orange to light blue upon oxidation. Theoretical studies revealed that the release of ring strain reasonably drives the reaction between two CP3 molecules and O2. This strain-induced transformation could be also applied for sulfur atom insertion into a biaryl σ-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurosaki
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Material and Life Science , Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Julong Jiang
- Institute for Research Initiatives , Division for Research Strategy , NAIST , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
- Institute for Research Initiatives , Division for Research Strategy , NAIST , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
- Data Science Center , NAIST , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan . ;
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38
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Yoshii A, Ikemoto K, Izumi T, Taka H, Kita H, Sato S, Isobe H. Periphery Design of Macrocyclic Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Devices with a Blue Phosphorescent Emitter. Org Lett 2019; 21:2759-2762. [PMID: 30951319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclo- meta-phenylenes were modified with trifluoromethyl groups at their periphery to create host materials suitable for use in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices. The periphery design resulted in molecules with high triplet-state energies, which were required to support the blue emission from Ir phosphors. As a result, an external quantum efficiency of 9.9% was achieved. The most successful host, a pentameric congener, preferred CF-π/CH-π interactions in its crystalline packings, which could be beneficial for the host performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Yoshii
- Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Tomoo Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Konica Minolta , Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji 192-8505 , Japan
| | - Hideo Taka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Konica Minolta , Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji 192-8505 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kita
- Konica Minolta , Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji 192-8505 , Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, and JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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39
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Yang YD, Gong HY. Thermally activated isomeric all-hydrocarbon molecular receptors for fullerene separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3701-3704. [PMID: 30788481 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new all-hydrocarbon macrocycle, cyclo[8](1,3-(4,6-dimethyl)benzene) (CDMB-8) has been reported. As prepared, it exists in Cs symmetry and shows no interaction with fullerenes (e.g., C60 or C70). High temperature (573 K) treatment induces thermal conversion of the material to an isomeric conformer with D4d symmetry as a receptor for fullerene separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St, HaiDian District, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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40
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Toyota S, Tsurumaki E. Exploration of Nano-Saturns: A Spectacular Sphere-Ring Supramolecular System. Chemistry 2019; 25:6878-6890. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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41
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Sato S, Isobe H. Development of Multipotent Organic Materials with Macrocyclic Aromatic Molecules. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo; JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project
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42
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Kurosaki R, Suzuki M, Hayashi H, Fujiki M, Aratani N, Yamada H. Torsional chirality generation based on cyclic oligomers constructed from an odd number of pyrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9618-9621. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unique asymmetric compounds with no stereogenic chiral centers are achieved because of an odd number of repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurosaki
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Material and Life Science
- Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
- Ikoma
- Japan
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43
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Sugita H, Nojima M, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Unstoichiometric Suzuki–Miyaura cyclic polymerization of extensively conjugated monomers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Suzuki–Miyaura polycondensation of an excess of extensively conjugated aromatic dibromide with 1.0 equivalent of phenylenediboronate in the presence of tBu3PPd(0) precatalyst afforded cyclic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sugita
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Masataka Nojima
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
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44
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Schalen, Reifen und Sattel: Methoden zur Synthese gebogener aromatischer Moleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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45
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Bowls, Hoops, and Saddles: Synthetic Approaches to Curved Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:86-116. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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46
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Sun Z, Matsuno T, Isobe H. Stereoisomerism and Structures of Rigid Cylindrical Cycloarylenes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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47
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Ikemoto K, Lin J, Kobayashi R, Sato S, Isobe H. Fluctuating Carbonaceous Networks with a Persistent Molecular Shape: A Saddle‐Shaped Geodesic Framework of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Benzene (Phenine). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8555-8559. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jennie Lin
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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48
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Ikemoto K, Lin J, Kobayashi R, Sato S, Isobe H. Fluctuating Carbonaceous Networks with a Persistent Molecular Shape: A Saddle‐Shaped Geodesic Framework of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Benzene (Phenine). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jennie Lin
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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49
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Iwanaga T, Yamada Y, Yamauchi T, Misaki Y, Inoue M, Yamada H. A Saddle-shaped Macrocycle Comprising 2,5-Diphenylthiophene Units. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Iwanaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Haruo Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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50
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Yazaki K, Catti L, Yoshizawa M. Polyaromatic molecular tubes: from strategic synthesis to host functions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3195-3206. [PMID: 29504004 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ring- and tube-shaped molecules like crown ethers and cyclodextrins play a fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry since their initial discovery. To date, numerous intriguing properties and reactivities have been reported based on their unique inner microenvironments. While inner spaces encircled by aliphatic and/or small aromatic frameworks have been heavily investigated, tubular structures that feature polyaromatic frameworks remained largely unexplored until 2010, despite their undisputable potential. Polyaromatic rings provide appealing photophysical and electrochemical properties and thus allow for the construction of new functional cylindrical nanospaces. This feature article describes the recent progress in the synthesis and application of short tubular molecules bearing multiple (≥3) polyaromatic rings (e.g., anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, and HBC). The polyaromatic tubes reported herein display characteristic properties such as strong fluorescent emission, a selective molecular binding ability, efficient host-guest energy transfer and open-closed structural transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
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