1
|
Zhukovsky D, Dar’in D, Bakulina O, Krasavin M. Preparation and Synthetic Applications of Five-to-Seven-Membered Cyclic α-Diazo Monocarbonyl Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:2030. [PMID: 35335391 PMCID: PMC8954351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of cyclic α-diazo monocarbonyl compounds differs from that of their acyclic counterparts. In this review, we summarize the current literature available on the synthesis and synthetic applications of three major classes of cyclic α-diazo monocarbonyl compounds: α-diazo ketones, α-diazo lactones and α-diazo lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Zhukovsky
- Research & Development Department, BratskChemSyntez LLC, PharmaSyntez Company, 5A/1 Kommunalnaya St., 665717 Bratsk, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Estradiol analogs attenuate autophagy, cell migration and invasion by direct and selective inhibition of TRPML1, independent of estrogen receptors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8313. [PMID: 33859333 PMCID: PMC8050276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation channel TRPML1 is an important regulator of lysosomal function and autophagy. Loss of TRPML1 is associated with neurodegeneration and lysosomal storage disease, while temporary inhibition of this ion channel has been proposed to be beneficial in cancer therapy. Currently available TRPML1 channel inhibitors are not TRPML isoform selective and block at least two of the three human isoforms. We have now identified the first highly potent and isoform-selective TRPML1 antagonist, the steroid 17β-estradiol methyl ether (EDME). Two analogs of EDME, PRU-10 and PRU-12, characterized by their reduced activity at the estrogen receptor, have been identified through systematic chemical modification of the lead structure. EDME and its analogs, besides being promising new small molecule tool compounds for the investigation of TRPML1, selectively affect key features of TRPML1 function: autophagy induction and transcription factor EB (TFEB) translocation. In addition, they act as inhibitors of triple-negative breast cancer cell migration and invasion.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Vatsadze SZ, Eremina OE, Veselova IA, Kalmykov SN, Nenajdenko VG. 18F-Labelled catecholamine type radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroendocrine tumours: approaches to synthesis and development prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Yasui N, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen JA. Preparation of o-Fluorophenols from Nonaromatic Precursors: Mechanistic Considerations for Adaptation to Fluorine-18 Radiolabeling. Org Lett 2015; 17:5540-3. [PMID: 26536250 PMCID: PMC4795842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of fluorine-18 labeled o-fluorophenols at high specific activity is challenging and requires use of [(18)F]fluoride ion as the radioisotope source. As a novel, alternative approach, we found that treatment of α-diazocyclohexenones with Selectfluor and Et3N·3HF followed by HF elimination and tautomerization afforded o-fluorophenols regioselectively and rapidly. To adapt this chemistry to (18)F radiolabeling, using bromine electrophiles in place of Selectfluor gave the o-fluorophenol via an α-bromo-α-fluoroketone intermediate in lower but still reasonable yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Yasui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banerjee S, Pillai MRA, Knapp FFR. Lutetium-177 therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals: linking chemistry, radiochemistry, and practical applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2934-74. [PMID: 25865818 DOI: 10.1021/cr500171e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Banerjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400 085, India.,Molecular Group of Companies, Puthuvype, Ernakulam, Kerala 682 508, India.,Medical Radioisotope Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), P.O. Box 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830-6229, United States
| | - M R A Pillai
- Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400 085, India.,Molecular Group of Companies, Puthuvype, Ernakulam, Kerala 682 508, India.,Medical Radioisotope Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), P.O. Box 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830-6229, United States
| | - F F Russ Knapp
- Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400 085, India.,Molecular Group of Companies, Puthuvype, Ernakulam, Kerala 682 508, India.,Medical Radioisotope Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), P.O. Box 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830-6229, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jacobson O, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X. Fluorine-18 radiochemistry, labeling strategies and synthetic routes. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 26:1-18. [PMID: 25473848 PMCID: PMC4306521 DOI: 10.1021/bc500475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals in both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.7 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy), along with high specific activity and ease of large scale production, make it an attractive nuclide for radiochemical labeling and molecular imaging. Versatile chemistry including nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions allows direct or indirect introduction of (18)F into molecules of interest. The significant increase in (18)F radiotracers for PET imaging accentuates the need for simple and efficient (18)F-labeling procedures. In this review, we will describe the current radiosynthesis routes and strategies for (18)F labeling of small molecules and biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi J, Afari G, Bhattacharyya S. Rapid synthesis of [18F]fluoroestradiol: remarkable advantage of microwaving over conventional heating. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:730-6. [PMID: 25476421 PMCID: PMC4275410 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
16α-[(18)F]fluoroestradiol ([(18)F]FES) is known as a clinically important tracer in nuclear medicine as an estrogen receptor ligand for investigating primary and metastatic breast cancers. Synthesizing [(18)F]FES is a two-step process associated with [(18)F]fluoride incorporation to the precursor (3-methoxymethyl 16β,17β-epiestriol-O-cyclic sulfone) and subsequent hydrolysis of the [(18)F]fluorinated intermediate with 2 N HCl. The impact of microwave (MW) heating on both fluorination and hydrolysis reactions was investigated. The duration and temperatures of the fluorination reaction were varied for both MW heating and conventional heating (CH) methods. Chemical and radiochemical purity and radiochemical yields were investigated for CH and compared with MW-assisted radiosyntheses. Quality control tests of MW-assisted [(18)F]FES were performed following US Pharmacopeia procedures for clinical-grade positron emission tomography pharmaceuticals. The results demonstrate that microwaving not only improves the (18)F-fluoride incorporation (~55% improvement at 110°C for 4 min) but also significantly reduces hydrolysis time (approximately sevenfold reduction at 120°C) in comparison with CH under similar conditions. The overall isolated radiochemical yield of purified [(18)F]FES was significantly higher (~90% improvement) with MW, and side products were notably fewer. Quality control test results demonstrated that [(18)F]FES produced by microwaving was suitable for human injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Shi
- ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - George Afari
- ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Sibaprasad Bhattacharyya
- ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bis(4-benzyloxyphenyl)iodonium salts as effective precursors for the no-carrier-added radiosynthesis of 4-[18F]fluorophenol. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 82:264-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Jang KS, Jung YW, Gu G, Koeppe RA, Sherman PS, Quesada CA, Raffel DM. 4-[18F]Fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine: a radiopharmaceutical for quantifying regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density with positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7312-23. [PMID: 23965035 PMCID: PMC4520396 DOI: 10.1021/jm400770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
4-[(18)F]Fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine ([(18)F]4F-MHPG, [(18)F]1) is a new cardiac sympathetic nerve radiotracer with kinetic properties favorable for quantifying regional nerve density with PET and tracer kinetic analysis. An automated synthesis of [(18)F]1 was developed in which the intermediate 4-[(18)F]fluoro-m-tyramine ([(18)F]16) was prepared using a diaryliodonium salt precursor for nucleophilic aromatic [(18)F]fluorination. In PET imaging studies in rhesus macaque monkeys, [(18)F]1 demonstrated high quality cardiac images with low uptake in lungs and the liver. Compartmental modeling of [(18)F]1 kinetics provided net uptake rate constants Ki (mL/min/g wet), and Patlak graphical analysis of [(18)F]1 kinetics provided Patlak slopes Kp (mL/min/g). In pharmacological blocking studies with the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor desipramine (DMI), each of these quantitative measures declined in a dose-dependent manner with increasing DMI doses. These initial results strongly suggest that [(18)F]1 can provide quantitative measures of regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density in human hearts using PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keun Sam Jang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yong-Woon Jung
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Guie Gu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Phillip S. Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Carole A. Quesada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David M. Raffel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2276 Medical Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dadiboyena S. Recent advances in the synthesis of raloxifene: A selective estrogen receptor modulator. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:17-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Seimbille Y, Rousseau J, Bénard F, Ali H, Van Lier JE. Synthesis of 2, 16α- and 4, 16α-[16α-18F]difluoroestradiols and their 11β-methoxy derivatives for estrogen receptor imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25804401122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
14
|
Micropollutant sorption to membrane polymers: a review of mechanisms for estrogens. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 164:100-17. [PMID: 21106187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants such as estrogens occur in water in increasing quantities from predominantly anthropogenic sources. In water such micropollutants partition not only to surfaces such as membrane polymers but also to any other natural or treatment related surfaces. Such interactions are often observed as sorption in treatment processes and this phenomenon is exploited in activated carbon filtration, for example. Sorption is important for polymeric materials and this is used for the concentration of such micropollutants for analytical purposes in solid phase extraction. In membrane filtration the mechanism of micropollutant sorption is a relatively new discovery that was facilitated through new analytical techniques. This sorption plays an important role in micropollutant retention by membranes although mechanisms of interaction are to date not understood. This review is focused on sorption of estrogens on polymeric surfaces, specifically membrane polymers. Such sorption has been observed to a large extent with values of up to 1.2 ng/cm(2) measured. Sorption is dependent on the type of polymer, micropollutant characteristics, solution chemistry, membrane operating conditions as well as membrane morphology. Likely contributors to sorption are the surface roughness as well as the microporosity of such polymers. While retention-and/or reflection coefficient as well as solute to effective pore size ratio-controls the access of such micropollutants to the inner surface, pore size, porosity and thickness as well as morphology or shape of inner voids determines the available area for sorption. The interaction mechanisms are governed, most likely, by hydrophobic as well as solvation effects and interplay of molecular and supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-cation/anion interactions, π-π stacking, ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions, the extent of which is naturally dependent on micropollutant and polymer characteristics. Systematic investigations are required to identify and quantify both relative contributions and strength of such interactions and develop suitable surface characterisation tools. This is a difficult endeavour given the complexity of systems, the possibility of several interactions taking place simultaneously and the generally weaker forces involved.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang B, Qin L, Neumann KD, Uppaluri S, Cerny RL, DiMagno SG. Improved arene fluorination methodology for I(III) salts. Org Lett 2010; 12:3352-5. [PMID: 20617820 DOI: 10.1021/ol101154h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of low polarity aromatic solvents (benzene or toluene) and/or the removal of inorganic salts results in dramatically improved yields of fluorinated arenes from diaryliodonium salts. This methodology is shown to "scale down" to the conditions used typically for radiotracer synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suwandi LS, Agoston GE, Shah JH, Hanson AD, Zhan XH, Lavallee TM, Treston AM. Synthesis and antitumor activities of 3-modified 2-methoxyestradiol analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6459-62. [PMID: 19782568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of 2-methoxyestradiol analogs with modifications at the 3-position are described. The analogs were assessed for their antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and estrogenic activities. Several lead substituents were identified with similar or improved antitumor activities and reduced metabolic liability compared to 2-methoxyestradiol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lita S Suwandi
- EntreMed, Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Imaging is one of the fastest growing fields of study. New technologies and multimodal approaches are increasing the application of imaging to determine molecular targets and functional processes in vivo. The identification of a specific target, transporter, or biological process using imaging has introduced major breakthroughs to the field of endocrinology primarily utilizing computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and optical imaging. This review provides a general background to the specific developments in imaging that pertains to in vivo function and target identification in endocrine-based diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Radiochemistry and Radiopharmacy. Clin Nucl Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-28026-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
The aberrant expression and function of certain receptors in tumours and other diseased tissues make them preferable targets for molecular imaging. PET and SPECT radionuclides can be used to label specific ligands with high affinity for the target receptors. The functional information obtained from imaging these receptors can be used to better understand the systems under investigation and for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review discusses some of the aspects of receptor imaging with small molecule tracers by PET and SPECT and reviews some of the tracers for the receptor imaging of tumours and brain, heart and lung disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Hagooly
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun H, DiMagno SG. Competitive demethylation and substitution in N,N,N-trimethylanilinium fluorides. J Fluor Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
21
|
Ross TL, Ermert J, Hocke C, Coenen HH. Nucleophilic18F-Fluorination of Heteroaromatic Iodonium Salts with No-Carrier-Added [18F]Fluoride. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8018-25. [PMID: 17536798 DOI: 10.1021/ja066850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diaryliodonium salts containing the 2-thienyl group as an example of an electron-rich heteroaromatic moiety proved to be very potent precursors for the nucleophilic, regioselective no-carrier-added (nca) radiofluorination of various arenes. It even allowed the nucleophilic introduction of nca [18F]fluoride into electron-rich arene compounds in one step. The influences of the substitution pattern, of counteranions, and of different reaction conditions were studied. Effects of counterions could be explained by the influence of solvent on ion pair separation of precursor salts. Different aryl(2-thienyl)iodonium salts were used as precursors, where the homoaromatic group systematically varied from bearing electron-deficient to electron-rich substituents. Relative rates of exchange kinetics correlated linearly with Hammett constants of the appropriate substituents confirming a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of high reactivity and low selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias L Ross
- Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Coenen HH. Fluorine-18 labeling methods: Features and possibilities of basic reactions. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2007:15-50. [PMID: 17172151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49527-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental and established tracers make fluorine- 18 the most widely used radionuclide in positron emission tomography with an increasing demand for new or simpler 18F-labeling procedures. After a brief summary of the advantages of the nuclide and its major production routes, the basic features of the principal radiofluorination methods are described. These comprise direct electrophilic and nucleophilic processes, or in case of more complex molecules, the labeling of synthons and prosthetic groups for indirect built-up syntheses. While addressing the progress of no-carrier-added 18F-labeling procedures, the following chapters on more specific topics in this book are introduced. Emphasis is given to radiofluorination of arenes--especially with iodonium leaving groups. Examples of radiopharmaceutical syntheses are mentioned in order to illustrate strategic concepts of labeling with fluorine-18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Coenen
- Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu H, Bernhardsen M, Fiksdahl A. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs); preparation of reference standards and fluorinated internal analytical standards. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Wuest F. Aspects of positron emission tomography radiochemistry as relevant for food chemistry. Amino Acids 2005; 29:323-39. [PMID: 15997412 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron emitting radioisotopes to obtain functional information of physiological, biochemical and pharmacological processes in vivo. The need to understand the potential link between the ingestion of individual dietary agents and the effect of health promotion or health risk requires the exact metabolic characterization of food ingredients in vivo. This exciting but rather new research field of PET would provide new insights and perspectives on food chemistry by assessing quantitative information on pharmocokinetics and pharmacodynamics of food ingredients and dietary agents. To fully exploit PET technology in food chemistry appropriately radiolabelled compounds as relevant for food sciences are needed. The most widely used short-lived positron emitters are (11)C (t(1/2) = 20.4 min) and (18)F (t(1/2) = 109.8 min). Longer-lived radioisotopes are available by using (76)Br (t(1/2) = 16.2 h) and (124)I (t(1/2) = 4.12 d). The present review article tries to discuss some aspects for the radiolabelling of food ingredients and dietary agents either by means of isotopic labelling with (11)C or via prosthetic group labelling approaches using the positron emitting halogens (18)F, (76)Br and (124)I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Wuest
- Positron Emission Tomography Center, Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Center Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Banerjee S, Das T, Chakraborty S, Samuel G, Korde A, Venkatesh M, Pillai MRA. An estradiol-conjugate for radiolabelling with 177Lu: an attempt to prepare a radiotherapeutic agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4315-22. [PMID: 15927837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
177Lu is presently being considered as one of the most promising radionuclide for targeted therapy owing to its suitable decay characteristics. 177Lu in high radionuclidic purity (99.99%) and moderate specific activity (100-110 TBq/g) was produced using enriched (60.6% 176Lu) Lu2O3 target. The macrocycle 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) is known to form stable complexes with lanthanides. Herein, we describe a novel attempt to introduce 177Lu in the estradiol moiety through a steroidal-BFCA (Bifunctional Chelating Agent) conjugate. The preparation of a steroid conjugate via coupling of 6alpha-amino-17beta-estradiol with a C-functionalized DOTA derivative viz. p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA as a BFCA and thereafter the radiolabelling of the conjugate with 177Lu is reported. Biological activity of the resultant estradiol-DOTA conjugate after radiolabelling was studied by carrying out preliminary in vitro cell uptake studies with MCF-7, human breast carcinoma cell line expressing estrogen receptors as well as binding studies with anti-estradiol antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Banerjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bigott HM, Parent E, Luyt LG, Katzenellenbogen JA, Welch MJ. Design and synthesis of functionalized cyclopentadienyl tricarbonylmetal complexes for technetium-94m PET imaging of estrogen receptors. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 16:255-64. [PMID: 15769078 DOI: 10.1021/bc049770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopentadienyl tricarbonylmetal (CpTM, M = Re, (94m)Tc) complexes, some based on a typical nonsteroidal estrogen, were prepared with the aim of developing technetium- and rhenium-labeled imaging agents for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumors. CpT[(94m)Tc] compounds with simple cyclopentadienyl substituents were first synthesized using a modified double ligand transfer reaction. The in vivo biodistribution of one of these CpT[(94m)Tc] complexes was determined by tissue dissection and microPET imaging. Novel C-ring substituted analogues of cyclofenil, a nonsteroidal compound known to bind the ER, were also prepared, and their ER binding was measured. Because of their low ER affinity, however, labeling and imaging studies of these compounds were not pursued. It is notable that the highest ER binding analogue, a CpTRe cyclofenil derivative, could be synthesized from the corresponding ferrocenyl cyclofenil analogue by the double ligand transfer reaction. This further demonstrates the versatility of the double ligand transfer reaction and indicates that the synthesis of technetium and rhenium radiolabeled agents for breast tumor imaging and therapy is also likely to be successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Bigott
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luyt LG, Bigott HM, Welch MJ, Katzenellenbogen JA. 7α- and 17α-Substituted estrogens containing tridentate tricarbonyl rhenium/Technetium complexes: synthesis of estrogen receptor imaging agents and evaluation using microPET with technetium-94m. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:4977-89. [PMID: 14604660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To develop technetium and rhenium-labeled imaging agents for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumors, we have prepared tridentate metal tricarbonyl chelates substituted at the 7alpha- and 17alpha-positions of estradiol. Some of the Re(CO)(3) conjugates have high binding for the ER in vitro. The in vivo biodistribution of the highest affinity of these novel metal tricarbonyl conjugates, prepared as the (94m)Tc labeled analogue, was evaluated by tissue dissection and microPET imaging. Although target tissue-selective uptake was not apparent, it is notable that microPET imaging identified the stomach as a major site of activity deposition, a site that might have been missed by standard tissue distribution studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee KC, Moon BS, Lee JH, Chung KH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Chi DY. Synthesis and binding affinities of fluoroalkylated raloxifenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3649-58. [PMID: 12901910 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Three fluoroalkylated derivatives (1-3) of the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), raloxifene, have been synthesized. The key step in the synthesis is the C-C bond formation of benzo[b]thiophene and a substituted phenyl group (ring C) using a Stille reaction. The in vitro binding affinities of the substituted raloxifenes 1-3 are 45, 60, 89%, respectively, relative to the affinity of estradiol, which is higher than the affinity of raloxifene itself (25%). When labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide, these compounds might be useful as PET imaging agents for estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Chul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, 402-751, Inchon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seimbille Y, Rousseau J, Bénard F, Morin C, Ali H, Avvakumov G, Hammond GL, van Lier JE. 18F-labeled difluoroestradiols: preparation and preclinical evaluation as estrogen receptor-binding radiopharmaceuticals. Steroids 2002; 67:765-75. [PMID: 12123788 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(02)00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A-ring fluorination of estradiol (ES) at position 2 or 4 decreases the rate of metabolism by blocking the formation of catechol estrogens, one of the major metabolic pathways of ES. We postulate that adding a 2- or 4-fluoro substituent to 16alpha-[18F]fluoroestradiol (FES), a positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical used for estrogen receptor (ER) imaging, should prolong its blood circulation time, and thus, improve its localization in ER-rich target tissues. On such account, we prepared a series of FES derivatives substituted with a fluorine atom at C2 or C4, with or without an 11beta-OMe group, and we tested their binding affinities for the ER and different serum proteins including rat alphafetoprotein (AFP) and human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Labeling at the 16alpha-position was accomplished via nucleophilic substitution with [18F]F(-) on the reactive 16beta,17beta-cyclic sulfate intermediates. Decay corrected yields varied between 30 and 50% for a total synthesis time of 120 min, providing final products with specific activities >3000 Ci/mmol. The 18F-labeled analogs were evaluated for their biodistribution in immature female rats. Substitutions with the 4-F have little effect on binding affinities. Addition of the 2-F diminishes ER and AFP-binding affinities while augmenting the affinity for the SHBG. Addition of the 11beta-OMe decreases all binding affinities, particularly to AFP and SHBG. In contrast, biodistribution of the corresponding [16alpha-18F]fluoro analogs in immature female rats revealed that the presence of the 11beta-OMe group improves ER-mediated uterus uptake, with the 4,16alpha-[16alpha-18F]difluoro-11beta-methoxyestradiol showing the highest uptake values (15% ID at 1-h post-injection). These data suggest that the addition of both a 4-F and 11beta-OMe group onto FES may provide an improved radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of ER densities in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Seimbille
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sherbrooke PET Center, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que., Canada J1H 5N4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A novel estradiol-mimetic fluorescent probe 5 was synthesized from diethylstilbestrol (DES, 1), which is useful for probing estrogen receptor (ERalpha), a prognostic indicator of estrogen-dependent cancers, and for developing a homogeneous fluorescence polarization (FP) assay to identify the ligands of estrogen receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Adamczyk
- Department of Chemistry (9NM, Bldg AP20), Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6016, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lasne MC, Perrio C, Rouden J, Barré L, Roeda D, Dolle F, Crouzel C. Chemistry of β +-Emitting Compounds Based on Fluorine-18. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46009-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
33
|
Chen G, Konstantinov AD, Chittim BG, Joyce EM, Bols NC, Bunce NJ. Synthesis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their capacity to induce CYP1A by the Ah receptor mediated pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:3749-3756. [PMID: 11783655 DOI: 10.1021/es0107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have become widely distributed as environmental contaminants due to their use as flame retardants. Their structural similarity to other halogenated aromatic pollutants has led to speculation that they might share toxicological properties such as hepatic enzyme induction. In this work we synthesized a number of PBDE congeners, studied their affinity for rat hepatic Ah receptor through competitive binding assays, and determined their ability to induce hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes by means of EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) assays in human, rat, chick, and rainbow trout cells. Both pure PBDE congeners and commercial PBDE mixtures had Ah receptor binding affinities 10(-2)-10(-5) times that of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. In contrast with polychlorinated biphenyls, Ah receptor binding affinities of PBDEs could not be related to the planarity of the molecule, possibly because the large size of the bromine atoms expands the Ah receptor's binding site. EROD activities of the PBDE congeners followed a similar rank order in all cells. Some congeners, notably PBDE 85, did not follow the usual trend in which strength of Ah receptor binding affinity paralleled P-450 induction potency. Use of the gel retardation assay with a synthetic oligonucleotide indicated that in these cases the liganded Ah receptor failed to bind to the DNA recognition sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Katzenellenbogen JA. Steroids labeled with 18F for imaging tumors by positron emission tomography. J Fluor Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
35
|
Shi Y, Koh JT. Selective regulation of gene expression by an orthogonal estrogen receptor–ligand pair created by polar-group exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 8:501-10. [PMID: 11358696 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(01)00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear and steroid hormone receptors function as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators in eukaryotes. Hormone receptors have been engineered to selectively respond to synthetic ligands and used as remote regulators of gene expression for the study of gene function and as potential regulators of gene therapies. RESULTS In this work, a new ligand-receptor engineering strategy called 'polar-group exchange' is used to create a mutant form of the estrogen receptor, ER(Glu353-->Ala), which lacks a carboxyl group critical for high-affinity binding of estradiol, but is able to transactivate in response to nanomolar concentrations of a carboxylate-functionalized estrogen analog, ES8. ES8 activates ER(Glu353-->Ala) at concentrations that do not appreciably activate the 'wild-type' receptor ER(wt). Two similar carboxylate-functionalized ligands, ES6 and ES7, do not induce transactivation function. Similar selectivities are observed in ligand-binding assays in vitro, which follow the trends predicted by molecular modeling. CONCLUSION Polar-group exchange is an effective strategy for rationally engineering ligand-receptor pairs. The ER(E353A)/ES8 ligand-receptor pair should constitute a unique and functionally orthogonal ligand-dependent transcriptional regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark 19716, DE, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|