1
|
Trojanowicz R, Douillard L, Vargas LS, Charra F, Vassant S. Optical characterization of a single molecule complete spatial orientation using intra-molecular triplet-triplet absorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16350-16357. [PMID: 38805088 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Progress in single molecule fluorescence experiments have enabled an in-depth characterization of fluorophores, ranging from their photophysical rates to the orientation of their emission dipole moments in three dimensions. However, one crucial spatial information remains elusive: the molecule orientation relative to its emission dipole moment. One can retrieve the latter only by the use of another non-colinear transition dipole moment. We experimentally demonstrate the optical retrieval of this information for single terrylene (Tr) molecules in a 30 nm thin para-terphenyl matrix. We show, through second-order correlation measurements at varying excitation power and polarization, that Tr molecules experience an optically induced deshelving of their triplet states, mediated by two orthogonal intra-molecular triplet-triplet absorption dipole moments. We take advantage of these two transition dipole moments to retrieve the full orientation of the Tr molecule, employing a 3-level scheme for the molecule photophysics and analytical calculations for the exciting electric field distribution. This modelling approach enables us to accurately describe both varying power and polarization measurements, giving access to the molecule's photophysical rates and to its complete orientation in three dimensions. This includes the orientation of the singlet emission dipole moment in the laboratory frame, and the orientation of the molecule plane with respect to the singlet emission dipole moment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludovic Douillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Lydia Sosa Vargas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Charra
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Simon Vassant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manian A, Hudson RJ, Ramkissoon P, Smith TA, Russo SP. Interexcited State Photophysics I: Benchmarking Density Functionals for Computing Nonadiabatic Couplings and Internal Conversion Rate Constants. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:271-292. [PMID: 36490305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the first benchmarking study of nonadiabatic matrix coupling elements (NACMEs) calculated using different density functionals. Using the S1 → S0 transition in perylene solvated in toluene as a case study, we calculate the photophysical properties and corresponding rate constants for a variety of density functionals from each rung of Jacob's ladder. The singlet photoluminescence quantum yield (sPLQY) is taken as a measure of accuracy, measured experimentally here as 0.955. Important quantum chemical parameters such as geometries, absorption, emission, and adiabatic energies, NACMEs, Hessians, and transition dipole moments were calculated for each density functional basis set combination (data set) using density functional theory based multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) and compared to experiment where possible. We were able to derive simple relations between the TDDFT and DFT/MRCI photophysical properties; with semiempirical damping factors of ∼0.843 ± 0.017 and ∼0.954 ± 0.064 for TDDFT transition dipole moments and energies to DFT/MRCI level approximations, respectively. NACMEs were dominated by out-of-plane derivative components belonging to the center-most ring atoms with weaker contributions from perturbations along the transverse and longitudinal axes. Calculated theoretical spectra compared well to both experiment and literature, with fluorescence lifetimes between 7.1 and 12.5 ns, agreeing within a factor of 2 with experiment. Internal conversion (IC) rates were then calculated and were found to vary wildly between 106-1016 s-1 compared with an experimental rate of the order 107 s-1. Following further testing by mixing data sets, we found a strong dependence on the method used to obtain the Hessian. The 5 characterized data sets ranked in order of most promising are PBE0/def2-TZVP, ωB97XD/def2-TZVP, HCTH407/TZVP, PBE/TZVP, and PBE/def2-TZVP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjay Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne3000, Australia
| | - Rohan J Hudson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Pria Ramkissoon
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu C. Franck‐Condon
factors within damped displacement harmonic oscillators: Solvent‐enhanced absorption and fluorescence spectra. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education School of Environment of South China Normal University Guangzhou PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carrod AJ, Cravcenco A, Ye C, Börjesson K. Modulating TTA efficiency through control of high energy triplet states. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:4923-4928. [PMID: 35433005 PMCID: PMC8944256 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc05292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An ideal annihilator in triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) can achieve a maximum of 50% quantum efficiency. This spin statistical limit depends on the energies of the triplet states of the annihilator molecule, with only 20% quantum efficiencies possible in less-optimal energy configurations (E T2 ≤ 2E T1 ). Our work utilises three perylene analogues substituted with phenyl in sequential positions. When substituted in the bay position the isomer displays drastically lowered upconversion yields, which can be explained by the system going from an ideal to less-ideal energy configuration. We further concluded position 2 is the best site when functionalising perylene without a wish to affect its photophysics, thus demonstrating how molecular design can influence upconversion quantum efficiencies by controlling the energetics of triplet states through substitution. This will in turn help in the design of molecules that maximise upconversion efficiencies for materials applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Carrod
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
| | - Alexei Cravcenco
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manian A, Lyskov I, Shaw RA, Russo SP. A first principles examination of phosphorescence. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25440-25448. [PMID: 36199319 PMCID: PMC9450115 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores phosphorescence from a first principles standpoint, and examines the intricacies involved in calculating the spin-forbidden T1 → S0 transition dipole moment, to highlight that the mechanism is not as complicated to compute as it seems. Using gas phase acridine as a case study, we break down the formalism required to compute the phosphorescent spectra within both the Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller regimes by coupling the first triplet excited state up to the S4 and T4 states. Despite the first singlet excited state appearing as an Lb state and not of nπ* character, the second order corrected rate constant was found to be 0.402 s−1, comparing well with experimental phosphorescent lifetimes of acridine derivatives. In showing only certain states are required to accurately describe the matrix elements as well as how to find these states, our calculations suggest that the nπ* state only weakly couples to the T1 state. This suggest its importance hinges on its ability to quench fluorescence and exalt non-radiative mechanisms rather than its contribution to the transition dipole moment. A followup investigation into the T1 → S0 transition dipole moment's growth as a function of its coupling to other electronic states highlights that terms dominating the matrix element arise entirely from the inclusion of states with strong spin–orbit coupling terms. This means that while the expansion of the transition dipole moment can extend to include an infinite number of electronic states, only certain states need to be included. Phosphorescence is naturally spin-forbidden, and weak. Consequentially, to build the operator, one needs help from other excited states. Unfortunately, sometimes some states are more difficult to deal with than others.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjay Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Igor Lyskov
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Robert A. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Salvy P. Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ni W, Gurzadyan GG, Sun L, Gelin MF. Toward efficient photochemistry from upper excited electronic states: Detection of long S 2 lifetime of perylene. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:191102. [PMID: 34800965 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A long 0.9 ps lifetime of the upper excited singlet state in perylene is resolved by femtosecond pump-probe measurements under ultraviolet (4.96 eV) excitation and further validated by theoretical simulations of transient absorption kinetics. This finding prompts exploration and development of novel perylene-based materials for upper excited state photochemistry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang H, Wang CW, Gu FL, Zhu C. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of conjugated polymers poly(propylene oxide)–poly(phenylene ethynylene) interpreted by Franck–Condon simulation. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Chen Wen Wang
- Institutes of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- Institutes of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Köse ME. How to Predict Excited State Geometry by Using Empirical Parameters Obtained from Franck-Condon Analysis of Optical Spectrum. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2078-2092. [PMID: 34351030 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Excited state geometries of molecules can be calculated with highly reliable wavefunction schemes. Most of such schemes, however, are applicable to small molecules and can hardly be viewed as error-free for excited state geometries. In this study, a theoretical approach is presented in which the excited state geometries of molecules can be predicted by using vibrationally resolved experimental absorption spectrum in combination with the theoretical modelling of vibrational pattern based on Franck-Condon approximation. Huang-Rhys factors have been empirically determined and used as input for revealing the structural changes occurring between the ground and the excited state geometries upon photoexcitation. Naphthalene molecule has been chosen as a test case to show the robustness of the proposed theoretical approach. Predicted 1B2u excited state geometry of the naphthalene has similar but slightly different bond length alternation pattern when compared with the geometries calculated with CIS, B3LYP, and CC2 methods. Excited state geometries of perylene and pyrene molecules are also determined with the presented theoretical approach. This powerful method can be applied to other molecules and specifically to relatively large molecules rather easily as long as vibrationally resolved experimental spectra are available to use.
Collapse
|
9
|
Werner S, Vollgraff T, Sundermeyer J. Access to Functionalized Pyrenes, Peropyrenes, Terropyrenes, and Quarterropyrenes via Reductive Aromatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13631-13635. [PMID: 33724640 PMCID: PMC8252597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a versatile concept for the synthesis of fourfold functionalized, soluble pyrenes, peropyrenes, terropyrenes, and quarterropyrenes. They were obtained by a modular stepwise approach towards the rylene scaffold via Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling, oxidative cyclodehydrogenation in the presence of caesium hydroxide under air, and finally zinc‐mediated reductive silylation. The silylated reaction products were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The first example of a synthesized and crystallized quarterropyrene is presented and its oxidation reaction investigated. The functionalized ropyrenes were systematically characterized by means of UV/Vis–NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy showing a bathochromic shift of 80 nm per naphthalene unit and a nearly linear increase of the extinction coefficients. Cyclic voltammograms and DFT calculations identify them as electron‐rich dyes and show a narrowing of the electrochemically determined HOMO–LUMO gap and lower oxidation potentials for the higher homologues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Werner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vollgraff
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science Center (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Werner S, Vollgraff T, Sundermeyer J. Zugang zu funktionalisierten Pyrenen, Peropyrenen, Terropyrenen und Quarterropyrenen über reduktive Aromatisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Werner
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias Vollgraff
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stockett MH, Bull JN, Buntine JT, Carrascosa E, Ji M, Kono N, Schmidt HT, Zettergren H. Unimolecular fragmentation and radiative cooling of isolated PAH ions: A quantitative study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154303. [PMID: 33092387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved spontaneous and laser-induced unimolecular fragmentation of perylene cations (C20H12 +) has been measured on timescales up to 2 s in a cryogenic electrostatic ion beam storage ring. We elaborate a quantitative model, which includes fragmentation in competition with radiative cooling via both vibrational and electronic (recurrent fluorescence) de-excitation. Excellent agreement with experimental results is found when sequential fragmentation of daughter ions co-stored with the parent perylene ions is included in the model. Based on the comparison of the model to experiment, we constrain the oscillator strength of the D1 → D0 emissive electronic transition in perylene (fRF = 0.055 ± 0.011), as well as the absolute absorption cross section of the D5 ← D0 excitation transition (σabs > 670 Mb). The former transition is responsible for the laser-induced and recurrent fluorescence of perylene, and the latter is the most prominent in the absorption spectrum. The vibrational cooling rate is found to be consistent with the simple harmonic cascade approximation. Quantitative experimental benchmarks of unimolecular processes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ions like perylene are important for refining astrochemical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - MingChao Ji
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naoko Kono
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kundelev EV, Tepliakov NV, Leonov MY, Maslov VG, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Rukhlenko ID, Rogach AL. Toward Bright Red-Emissive Carbon Dots through Controlling Interaction among Surface Emission Centers. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8121-8127. [PMID: 32893642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Relatively weak red photoluminescence of carbon dots (CDots) is a major challenge on the way to their successful implementation in biological and optoelectronic devices. We present a theoretical analysis of the interaction among the surface emission centers of CDots, showing that it may determine efficiency of the red photoluminescence of CDots. Based on the previous experimental studies, it is assumed that the optical response of the CDots is determined by the molecule-like subunits of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) attached to the CDots' surface. Three characteristic types of coupling of these PAH subunits are considered: non-interacting monomers, noncovalently bound dimers, and covalently bound dimers with two, three, or four carbon linkers. We demonstrate that the CDots' photoluminescence broadens, redshifts, and weakens by 2 orders of magnitude when the free monomers are substituted by the covalently bridged centers. These and other results of our study show that the realization of CDots with many weakly interacting surface emission centers may constitute an efficient way to achieve their efficient red photoluminescence, which is highly desirable for biological and optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Kundelev
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Nikita V Tepliakov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Chair of Computational Condensed Matter Physics (C3MP), Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Yu Leonov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Maslov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander V Baranov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Fedorov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan D Rukhlenko
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cravcenco A, Ye C, Gräfenstein J, Börjesson K. Interplay between Förster and Dexter Energy Transfer Rates in Isomeric Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7219-7227. [PMID: 32786964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to direct the flow of excitons enable molecular systems to perform highly advanced functions. Intramolecular energy transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor systems can occur by different mechanisms, and the ability to control the excited state energy pathways depends on the capacity to favor one process over another. Here, we show an anticorrelation between the rates of Förster and Dexter types of energy transfer in two isomeric donor-bridge-acceptor systems. Both dyads display intramolecular Förster triplet-to-singlet and Dexter triplet-to-triplet energy transfers. However, as the bridge-acceptor connection point changes, the rate of one energy transfer process increases at the same time as the other one decreases, allowing us to control the energy flow direction. This work shows how rational design can be used to tune excited state energy pathways in molecular dyads, which is of importance for advanced functions such as multiplicity conversion in future molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Cravcenco
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Gräfenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Günther BAR, Höfener S, Eichelmann R, Zschieschang U, Wadepohl H, Klauk H, Gade LH. Perhalogenated Tetraazaperopyrenes and Their Corresponding Mono- and Dianions. Org Lett 2020; 22:2298-2302. [PMID: 32118454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination and bromination of 2,9-perfluoropropyl-substituted tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) under forcing conditions resulted in fully core-halogenated TAPP derivatives, devoid of hydrogen atoms at the polycyclic aromatic core. The octahalogenation stabilized the reduced mono- and dianionic compounds sufficiently to allow for their characterization. The additional ortho-chlorination led to an improvement of the electron mobility compared to the bay-substituted tetrachloro-TAPP when employed as an n-channel semiconductor in thin-film transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A R Günther
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Eichelmann
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Greiner J, Sundholm D. Calculation of vibrationally resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra of the rylenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2379-2385. [PMID: 31935005 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A generating function method was used to simulate the vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectra of perylene, terrylene and quaterrylene. This method operates on the basis of adiabatic excitation energies and electronic ground and excited state vibrational frequencies. These parameters were calculated using density functional theory with the PBE0 functional for perylene and terrylene and with the BH-LYP functional for quaterrylene. The vertical excitation energies of the lower excited states were calculated using functionals with differing amounts of Hartree-Fock exchange. The optimal functional for each molecule was chosen by comparing these energies to literature excitation energies. Using this technique the calculated absorption spectra and the calculated emission spectrum of perylene were found to be in excellent agreement with the literature experimental spectra after introducing a shift and a scaling factor. The most prominent bands of the absorption spectra were assigned to their respective vibronic transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Greiner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kundelev EV, Tepliakov NV, Leonov MY, Maslov VG, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Rukhlenko ID, Rogach AL. Amino Functionalization of Carbon Dots Leads to Red Emission Enhancement. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5111-5116. [PMID: 31393732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The availability of carbon dots (CDots) with bright red photoluminescence (PL) would significantly broaden the range of their biological and optoelectronic applications. We present a theoretical model that predicts that amino functionalization of CDots not only shifts their PL to longer wavelengths but also preserves large oscillator strengths of the fundamental radiative transitions of CDots. The model considers the optical response of amino-functionalized CDots determined by molecule-like subunits of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with one, two, or three -NH2 groups at the CDots' surface; the excited state of those subunits is characterized by strong charge separation between the amino groups and CDots' carbon core. Such a separation determines the Stokes shift of the CDots' emission, which increases with the growing amount of the amino functional groups at the CDot surface. Our model explains the experimentally observed dependence of the PL spectra of CDots on the excitation wavelength, the phenomenon well documented in the literature for nitrogen-containing CDots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Kundelev
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Nikita V Tepliakov
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Leonov
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Maslov
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander V Baranov
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Fedorov
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan D Rukhlenko
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cravcenco A, Hertzog M, Ye C, Iqbal MN, Mueller U, Eriksson L, Börjesson K. Multiplicity conversion based on intramolecular triplet-to-singlet energy transfer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw5978. [PMID: 31555728 PMCID: PMC6754226 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to convert between molecular spin states is of utmost importance in materials chemistry. Förster-type energy transfer is based on dipole-dipole interactions and can therefore theoretically be used to convert between molecular spin states. Here, a molecular dyad that is capable of transferring energy from an excited triplet state to an excited singlet state is presented. The rate of conversion between these states was shown to be 36 times faster than the rate of emission from the isolated triplet state. This dyad provides the first solid proof that Förster-type triplet-to-singlet energy transfer is possible, revealing a method to increase the rate of light extraction from excited triplet states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cravcenco
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Hertzog
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. N. Iqbal
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U. Mueller
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Eriksson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang B, Zhao Y, Liang W. Collaborative effect of plasmon-induced resonance energy and electron transfer on the interfacial electron injection dynamics of dye-sensitized solar cell. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044702. [PMID: 31370537 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely recognized that plasmonic metal nanoparticles (MNPs) can enhance the power convention efficiency (PCE) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This enhancement is ascribed to the combined effects of plasmon decay, scattering, near-field enhancement, and exciting charge carriers in semiconductors through plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) and hot electron injection (HEI). PIRET and HEI processes appeared between MNPs, and semiconductors have been intensively investigated; however, it is not clear how the collaborative effect of PIRET and photon-induced direct and indirect electron transfer (PICT) occurred between plasmonic metals and dyes, and the interference of different charge separation channels (CSCs) starting from PIRET and PICT affects the PCE of DSSCs. This work aims to address these issues. We apply a model Hamiltonian method, which obviously includes both PIRET and PICT processes from Au MNP to dye molecules and incorporates the dye's electron-phonon interaction, to investigate the carrier dynamics. It is found that PIRET deforms the wavepacket dynamics of the molecular excited state and results in ten-fold enhancement of dye absorption. MNPs augment light absorption and increase the electron density in empty molecular orbitals of the dye molecule. Consequently, this enhances the interfacial charge separation. Furthermore, we observed the interference behavior of two CSCs and gave a full-scale insight into the correlation between the constructive/destructive interference and the electronic-state properties as well as carrier-phonon interactions. This work provides a theoretical guidance to optimize DSSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beckwith JS, Lang B, Grilj J, Vauthey E. Ion-Pair Dynamics upon Photoinduced Electron Transfer Monitored by Pump-Pump-Probe Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3688-3693. [PMID: 31194559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of the radical anion of perylene (Pe) generated upon bimolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) with a donor was investigated using broadband pump-pump-probe spectroscopy. It was found to depend on the age of the anion, that is, on the time interval between the first pump pulse that triggers PET and the second one that excites the ensuing Pe anion (Pe•-). These differences, observed in acetonitrile but not in tetrahydrofuran, report on the evolution of the PET product from an ion pair to free ions. Two photoinduced charge recombination pathways of the ion pair to the neutral Pe*(S1) + donor state were identified: one occurring in a few picoseconds from Pe•-*(D1) and one taking place within 100-200 fs from Pe•-*(D n>1). Both processes are sensitive to the interionic distance over different length scales and thus serve as molecular rulers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Beckwith
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Lang
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Jakob Grilj
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Excited States and Optical Properties of Hydrogen-Passivated Rectangular Graphenes: A Computational Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7958. [PMID: 31138848 PMCID: PMC6538642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we perform large-scale electron-correlated calculations of optoelectronic properties of rectangular graphene-like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. Theoretical methodology employed in this work is based upon Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) π-electron model Hamiltonian, which includes long-range electron-electron interactions. Electron-correlation effects were incorporated using multi-reference singles-doubles configurationinteraction (MRSDCI) method, and the ground and excited state wave functions thus obtained were employed to calculate the linear optical absorption spectra of these molecules, within the electric-dipole approximation. As far as the ground state wave functions of these molecules are concerned, we find that with the increasing size, they develop a strong diradical open-shell character. Our results on optical absorption spectra are in very good agreement with the available experimental results, outlining the importance of electron-correlation effects in accurate description of the excited states. In addition to the optical gap, spin gap of each molecule was also computed using the same methodology. Calculated spin gaps exhibit a decreasing trend with the increasing sizes of the molecules, suggesting that the infinite graphene has a vanishing spin gap.
Collapse
|
21
|
Giri G, Prodhan S, Pati YA, Ramasesha S. A Model Exact Study of the Properties of Low-Lying Electronic States of Perylene and Substituted Perylenes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8650-8658. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Giri
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suryoday Prodhan
- Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Y. Anusooya Pati
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramasesha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zaremba D, Evert R, Kielhorn J, Jakobs F, Caspary R, Kowalsky W, Johannes HH. Molecular weight variations in perylene-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) for luminescent solar concentrators. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zaremba
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Robert Evert
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jana Kielhorn
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Florian Jakobs
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Reinhard Caspary
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kowalsky
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Johannes
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Organic materials are promising candidates for advanced optoelectronics and are used in light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics. However, the underlying mechanisms allowing the formation of excited states responsible for device functionality, such as exciton generation and charge separation, are insufficiently understood. This is partly due to the wide range of existing crystalline polymorphs depending on sample preparation conditions. Here, we determine the linear optical response of thin-film single-crystal perylene samples of distinct polymorphs in transmission and reflection geometries. The sample quality allows for unprecedented high-resolution spectroscopy, which offers an ideal opportunity for judicious comparison between theory and experiment. Excellent agreement with first-principles calculations for the absorption based on the GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) approach of many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) is obtained, from which a clear picture of the low-lying excitations in perylene emerges, including evidence of an exciton-polariton stopband, as well as an assessment of the commonly used Tamm-Dancoff approximation to the GW-BSE approach. Our findings on this well-controlled system can guide understanding and development of advanced molecular solids and functionalization for applications.
Collapse
|
24
|
Miletić T, Fermi A, Papadakis I, Orfanos I, Karampitsos N, Avramopoulos A, Demitri N, De Leo F, Pope SJA, Papadopoulos MG, Couris S, Bonifazi D. A Twisted Bay-Substituted Quaterrylene Phosphorescing in the NIR Spectral Region. Helv Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Miletić
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; INSTM UdR Trieste; University of Trieste; Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Andrea Fermi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Ioannis Papadakis
- Department of Physics; University of Patras; 26504 Patras Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT); Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH); P.O. Box 1414 Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Ioannis Orfanos
- Department of Physics; University of Patras; 26504 Patras Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT); Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH); P.O. Box 1414 Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Nikolaos Karampitsos
- Department of Physics; University of Patras; 26504 Patras Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT); Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH); P.O. Box 1414 Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Aggelos Avramopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology; National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Department of Computer Engineering; Technological Education Institute (TEI) of Sterea Ellada; Lamia 35100 Greece
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste; S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza - Trieste Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- San Raffaele Hospital; Scientific Institute-IRCCS; Via Olgettina 60 20132 Milan Italy
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Manthos G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology; National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics; University of Patras; 26504 Patras Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT); Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH); P.O. Box 1414 Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cook RE, Phelan BT, Kamire RJ, Majewski MB, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Excimer Formation and Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer in Cofacial Perylene Dimers. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1607-1615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita E. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Kamire
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marek B. Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Białkowska M, Chaładaj W, Deperasińska I, Drzewiecka-Antonik A, Koziol AE, Makarewicz A, Kozankiewicz B. Single molecules of terrylene in di-substituted naphthalenes crystallizing in the herringbone pattern. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dichloronaphthalene and 2,3-dibromonaphthalene were synthesized, their crystal structures determined, and vibronic spectra of single terrylene molecules in the crystals indicated lowering of the guest symmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Białkowska
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | | | - Anna E. Koziol
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
| | - Artur Makarewicz
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Materna KL, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Anchoring groups for photocatalytic water oxidation on metal oxide surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00314e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, binding modes, water stability, and electron-transfer dynamics are compared for carboxylate, phosphonate, hydroxamate, and silatrane anchoring groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Materna
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Markiewicz JT, Wudl F. Perylene, Oligorylenes, and Aza-Analogs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28063-85. [PMID: 26465638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth discussion of the properties of perylene is presented. Tuning the properties of perylene by introducing nitrogens is also explored. Finally, we do not discuss the synthesis and properties of oligorylenes functionalized with dicarboxyimide bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Markiewicz
- Materials Research Lab, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Fred Wudl
- Materials Research Lab, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Syzgantseva OA, Puska M, Laasonen K. Impact of Ga-V Codoping on Interfacial Electron Transfer in Dye-Sensitized TiO2. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2603-2607. [PMID: 26266741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of charge transfer between an organic molecule and a semiconductor is an important and challenging goal in the fields of photovoltaics and photocatalysis. In this work, we present a time-dependent density functional theory investigation of the impact of Ga-V codoping of TiO2 on the excited-state electron injection from perylene-3-carboxylic acid. The doping is shown to raise the charge-transfer efficiency for the highest possible surface dye uptake by ∼16%. The strength of the effect depends on the dopant-pair-dye separation, dopant concentration, and distribution of Ga, V atoms in TiO2. The doping of the superficial level turns out to be more favorable than those in the bulk. The changes in electron injection dynamics are attributed to the modification of accepting semiconductor levels and hybridization profile between molecular and semiconductor states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Syzgantseva
- †COMP, Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- ‡COMP, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Martti Puska
- ‡COMP, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- †COMP, Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Theis ML, Candian A, Tielens AGGM, Lee TJ, Fortenberry RC. Electronically excited states of PANH anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14761-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The singly deprotonated anion derivatives of nitrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are shown likely to possess dipole-bound and even valence excited states for the larger systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy J. Lee
- Mail Stop 245-1 NASA Ames Research Center
- California 94035-1000
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang CW, Yang L, Zhu C, Yu JG, Lin SH. Franck-Condon factors perturbed by damped harmonic oscillators: Solvent enhanced X 1Ag ↔ A1B1u absorption and fluorescence spectra of perylene. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:084106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4893529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
33
|
Ronca E, Pastore M, Belpassi L, De Angelis F, Angeli C, Cimiraglia R, Tarantelli F. Charge-displacement analysis for excited states. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4863411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
34
|
Liu H, Wang K, Zhang L, Qian X, Li Y, Li Y. Selectively recognizing organic semiconducting molecules on solid state molecular cages based on ZnOTCPP. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:432-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Saranya G, Kolandaivel P, Senthilkumar K. Opto-electronic properties of low band gap fused-ring thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine analogues – A theoretical study. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.766368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
Balmer FA, Ottiger P, Pfaffen C, Leutwyler S. Structure and intermolecular vibrations of perylene·trans-1,2-dichloroethene, a weak charge-transfer complex. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10702-13. [PMID: 24063531 DOI: 10.1021/jp4069043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The vibronic spectra of strong charge-transfer complexes are often congested or diffuse and therefore difficult to analyze. We present the spectra of the π-stacked complex perylene trans-1,2-dichloroethene, which is in the limit of weak charge transfer, the electronic excitation remaining largely confined to the perylene moiety. The complex is formed in a supersonic jet, and its S0 ↔ S1 spectra are investigated by two-color resonant two-photon ionization (2C-R2PI) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Under optimized conditions, vibrationally cold (T(vib) ≈ 9 K) and well resolved spectra are obtained. These are dominated by vibrational progressions in the “hindered-rotation” Rc intermolecular vibration with very low frequencies of 11 (S0) and 13 cm(–1) (S1). The intermolecular Tz stretch and the Ra and Rb bend vibrations are also observed. The normally symmetry-forbidden intramolecular 1a(u) “twisting” vibration of perylene also appears, showing that the π- stacking interaction deforms the perylene moiety, lowering its local symmetry from D2h to D2. We calculate the structure and vibrations of this complex using six different density functional theory (DFT) methods (CAM-B3LYP, BH&HLYP, B97-D3, ωB97X-D, M06, and M06-2X) and compare the results to those calculated by correlated wave function methods (SCS-MP2 and SCS-CC2). The structures and vibrational frequencies predicted with the CAM-B3LYP and BH&HLYP methods disagree with the other calculations and with experiment. The other four DFT and the ab initio methods all predict a π-stacked “centered” structure with nearly coplanar perylene and dichloroethene moieties and intermolecular binding energies of D(e) = −20.8 to −26.1 kJ/mol. The 000 band of the S0 → S1 transition is red-shifted by δν = −301 cm(–1) relative to that of perylene, implying that the D(e) increases by 3.6 kJ/mol or 15% upon electronic excitation. The intermolecular vibrational frequencies are assigned to the calculated Rc, Tz, Ra, and Rb vibrations by comparing to the observed/calculated frequencies and S0 ↔ S1 Franck–Condon factors. Of the three TD-DFT methods tested, the hybrid-meta-GGA functional M06-2X shows the best agreement with the experimental electronic transition energies, spectral shifts, and vibronic spectra, closely followed by the ωB97X-D functional, while the M06 functional gives inferior results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Balmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yadav A, Mishra P. Lowest Π–Π* electronic transitions in linear and two-dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: enhanced electron density edge effect. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.830786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
38
|
Faccio R, Pardo H, Mombrú AW. Hybrid compounds based on fullerene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with absorption in the near infrared region. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
Thamatam R, Skraba SL, Johnson RP. Scalable synthesis of quaterrylene: solution-phase 1H NMR spectroscopy of its oxidative dication. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9122-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46270f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
40
|
Li J, Wang H, Persson P, Thoss M. Photoinduced electron transfer processes in dye-semiconductor systems with different spacer groups. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:22A529. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
41
|
Dvorak M, Müller M, Knoblauch T, Bünermann O, Rydlo A, Minniberger S, Harbich W, Stienkemeier F. Spectroscopy of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) attached to rare gas samples: Clusters vs. bulk matrices. I. Absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:164301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4759443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
42
|
Gundlach L, Burfeindt B, Mahrt J, Willig F. Dynamics of ultrafast photoinduced heterogeneous electron transfer, implications for recent solar energy conversion scenarios. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
43
|
Zhang B, Stratt RM. Vibrational energy relaxation of large-amplitude vibrations in liquids. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024506. [PMID: 22803546 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the limited intermolecular spaces available in dense liquids, the large amplitudes of highly excited, low frequency vibrational modes pose an interesting dilemma for large molecules in solution. We carry out molecular dynamics calculations of the lowest frequency ("warping") mode of perylene dissolved in liquid argon, and demonstrate that vibrational excitation of this mode should cause identifiable changes in local solvation shell structure. But while the same kinds of solvent structural rearrangements can cause the non-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of highly excited diatomic rotors in liquids to differ substantially from equilibrium dynamics, our simulations also indicate that the non-equilibrium vibrational energy relaxation of large-amplitude vibrational overtones in liquids should show no such deviations from linear response. This observation seems to be a generic feature of large-moment-arm vibrational degrees of freedom and is therefore probably not specific to our choice of model system: The lowest frequency (largest amplitude) cases probably dissipate energy too quickly and the higher frequency (more slowly relaxing) cases most likely have solvent displacements too small to generate significant nonlinearities in simple nonpolar solvents. Vibrational kinetic energy relaxation, in particular, seems to be especially and surprisingly linear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gundlach L, Willig F. Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer at Electrodes: The General Case of a Heterogeneous Electron-Transfer Reaction. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2877-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
45
|
Yanai T, Kurashige Y, Neuscamman E, Chan GKL. Extended implementation of canonical transformation theory: parallelization and a new level-shifted condition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7809-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
46
|
Aragó J, Ponce Ortiz R, Nieto-Ortega B, Hernández V, Casado J, Facchetti A, Marks TJ, Viruela PM, Ortí E, López Navarrete JT. Carbonyl-Functionalized Quaterthiophenes: A Study of the Vibrational Raman and Electronic Absorption/Emission Properties Guided by Theoretical Calculations. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
47
|
Eisenberg D, Shenhar R. Polyarene anions: interplay between theory and experiment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
48
|
Suganuma Y, Kowaka Y, Ashizawa N, Nakayama N, Goto H, Ishimoto T, Nagashima U, Ueda T, Yamanaka T, Nishi N, Baba M. Mode-selective internal conversion of perylene. Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.593568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
49
|
Markovic V, Villamaina D, Barabanov I, Lawson Daku LM, Vauthey E. Photoinduced Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation: The Direction of the Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
50
|
Markovic V, Villamaina D, Barabanov I, Lawson Daku LM, Vauthey E. Photoinduced Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation: The Direction of the Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7596-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|