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Pandey R, Pinon V, Garren M, Maffe P, Mondal A, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. N-Acetyl Cysteine-Decorated Nitric Oxide-Releasing Interface for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:24248-24260. [PMID: 38693878 PMCID: PMC11103652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical devices are vulnerable to infections and biofilm formation, leading to extended hospital stays, high expenditure, and increased mortality. Infections are clinically treated via the administration of systemic antibiotics, leading to the development of antibiotic resistance. A multimechanistic strategy is needed to design an effective biomaterial with broad-spectrum antibacterial potential. Recent approaches have investigated the fabrication of innately antimicrobial biomedical device surfaces in the hope of making the antibiotic treatment obsolete. Herein, we report a novel fabrication strategy combining antibacterial nitric oxide (NO) with an antibiofilm agent N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on a polyvinyl chloride surface using polycationic polyethylenimine (PEI) as a linker. The designed biomaterial could release NO for at least 7 days with minimal NO donor leaching under physiological conditions. The proposed surface technology significantly reduced the viability of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (>97%) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (>99%) bacteria in both adhered and planktonic forms in a 24 h antibacterial assay. The composites also exhibited a significant reduction in biomass and extra polymeric substance accumulation in a dynamic environment over 72 h. Overall, these results indicate that the proposed combination of the NO donor with mucolytic NAC on a polymer surface efficiently resists microbial adhesion and can be used to prevent device-associated biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pandey
- School
of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Vicente Pinon
- Pharmaceutical
and Biomedical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Mark Garren
- School
of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Patrick Maffe
- School
of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Arnab Mondal
- School
of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Brisbois
- School
of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School
of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Biomedical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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2
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Virts NA, Karogodina TY, Panfilov MA, Vorob’ev AY, Moskalensky AE. Nitric Oxide Photorelease from Silicone Films Doped with N-Nitroso BODIPY. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:92. [PMID: 38667549 PMCID: PMC11051420 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a unique biochemical mediator involved in the regulation of vital processes. Light-controllable NO releasers show promise in the development of smart therapies. Here, we present a novel biocompatible material based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) doped with BODIPY derivatives containing an N-nitroso moiety that is capable of the photoinduced generation of NO. We study the green-light-induced NO-release properties with the following three methods: electrochemical gas-phase sensor, liquid-phase sensor, and the Griess assay. Prolonged release of NO from the polymer films after short irradiation by narrow-band LED light sources and a laser beam is demonstrated. Importantly, this was accompanied by no or little release of the parent compound (BODIPY-based photodonor). Silicone films with the capability of controllable and clean NO release can potentially be used as a highly portable NO delivery system for different therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Virts
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Yu. Karogodina
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Panfilov
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu. Vorob’ev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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Drab D, Santocki M, Opydo M, Kolaczkowska E. Impact of endogenous and exogenous nitrogen species on macrophage extracellular trap (MET) formation by bone marrow-derived macrophages. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:361-377. [PMID: 37789240 PMCID: PMC10638184 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage extracellular traps (METs) represent a novel defense mechanism in the antimicrobial arsenal of macrophages. However, mechanisms of MET formation are still poorly understood and this is at least partially due to the lack of reliable and reproducible models. Thus, we aimed at establishing a protocol of MET induction by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) obtained from cryopreserved and then thawed bone marrow (BM) mouse cells. We report that BMDMs obtained in this way were morphologically (F4/80+) and functionally (expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and NO production) differentiated and responded to various stimuli of bacterial (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), fungal (zymosan) and chemical (PMA) origin. Importantly, BMDMs were successfully casting METs composed of extracellular DNA (extDNA) serving as their backbone to which proteins such as H2A.X histones and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were attached. In rendered 3D structure of METs, extDNA and protein components were embedded in each other. Since studies had shown the involvement of oxygen species in MET release, we aimed at studying if reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as NO are also involved in MET formation. By application of NOS inhibitor - L-NAME or nitric oxide donor (SNAP), we studied the involvement of endogenous and exogenous RNS in traps release. We demonstrated that L-NAME halted MET formation upon stimulation with LPS while SNAP alone induced it. The latter phenomenon was further enhanced in the presence of LPS. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that BMDMs obtained from cryopreserved BM cells are capable of forming METs in an RNS-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Drab
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Santocki
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Opydo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Synthesis and Chromatographic Determination of S-Nitrosopantetheine: Exploring Reactivity and Stability in Different Aqueous Solutions. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9090237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are a group of sulfur-containing compounds biologically involved in nitric oxide (NO˙) release and signalling pathway. NO˙ plays important physiological and pharmacological activities, particularly in vasodilation and in inducing muscle relaxation. Several RSNO compounds have been detected in biological systems, and many of them have been chemically synthesized in the laboratory. To date, no works describing the synthesis of the S-nitrosopantetheine (SNOPANT) are reported in the literature. Taking into account that pantetheine is a biological thiol with a crucial function in metabolism, its nitrosylation in vivo could play a role in various metabolic signalling pathways. In this paper, the synthesis and the chromatographic determination of SNOPANT is reported for the first time, as well as a brief investigation of its reactivity in aqueous solutions in the presence of factors known to affect its stability.
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5
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Chug MK, Brisbois EJ. Smartphone compatible nitric oxide releasing insert to prevent catheter-associated infections. J Control Release 2022; 349:227-240. [PMID: 35777483 PMCID: PMC9680949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A large fraction of nosocomial infections is associated with medical devices that are deemed life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. Medical device-related infections are a result of bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the device surface that affects >1 million people annually in the US alone. Over the past few years, light-based antimicrobial therapy has made substantial advances in tackling microbial colonization. Taking the advantage of light and antibacterial properties of nitric oxide (NO), for the first time, a robust, biocompatible, anti-infective approach to design a universal disposable catheter disinfection insert (DCDI) that can both prevent bacterial adhesion and disinfect indwelling catheters in situ is reported. The DCDI is engineered using a photo-initiated NO donor molecule, incorporated in polymer tubing that is mounted on a side glow fiber optic connected to an LED light source. Using a smartphone application, the NO release from DCDI is photoactivated via white light resulting in tunable physiological levels of NO for up to 24 h. When challenged with microorganisms S. aureus and E. coli, the NO-releasing DCDI statistically reduced microbial attachment by >99% versus the controls with just 4 h of exposure. The DCDI also eradicated ∼97% of pre-colonized bacteria on the CVC catheter model demonstrating the ability to exterminate an established catheter infection. The smart, mobile-operated novel universal antibacterial device can be used to both prevent catheter infections or can be inserted within an infected catheter to eradicate the bacteria without complex surgical interventions. The therapeutic levels of NO generated via illuminating fiber optics can be the next-generation biocompatible solution for catheter-related bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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6
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Chug MK, Massoumi H, Wu Y, Brisbois E. Prevention of medical device infections via multi-action nitric oxide and chlorhexidine diacetate releasing medical grade silicone biointerfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1263-1277. [PMID: 35170212 PMCID: PMC8986591 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of bacteria and biofilm on medical device surfaces has been linked to serious infections, increased health care costs, and failure of medical devices. Therefore, antimicrobial biointerfaces and medical devices that can thwart microbial attachment and biofilm formation are urgently needed. Both nitric oxide (NO) and chlorhexidine diacetate (CHXD) possess broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. In the past, individual polymer release systems of CHXD and NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) incorporated polymer platforms have attracted considerable attention for biomedical/therapeutic applications. However, the combination of the two surfaces has not yet been explored. Herein, the synergy of NO and CHXD was evaluated to create an antimicrobial medical-grade silicone rubber. The 10 wt% SNAP films were fabricated using solvent casting with a topcoat of CHXD (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to generate a dual-active antibacterial interface. Chemiluminescence studies confirmed the NO release from SNAP-CHXD films at physiologically relevant levels (0.5-4 × 10-10 mol min-1 cm-2 ) for at least 3 weeks and CHXD release for at least 7 days. Further characterization of the films via SEM-EDS confirmed uniform distribution of SNAP and presence of CHXD within the polymer films without substantial morphological changes, as confirmed by contact angle hysteresis. Moreover, the dual-active SNAP-CHXD films were able to significantly reduce Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (>3-log reduction) compared to controls with no explicit toxicity towards mouse fibroblast cells. The synergy between the two potent antimicrobial agents will help combat bacterial contamination on biointerfaces and enhance the longevity of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Hamed Massoumi
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Elizabeth Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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7
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Brady B, Li W, Farooque N, Ehrhardt C, Meyerhoff ME, Wang X. S-Nitrosothiol-Impregnated Silicone Catheter for Colorimetric Sensing of Indole and E. coli: Toward On-Body Detection of Urinary Tract Infections. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1712-1719. [PMID: 35604028 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although there are many techniques to detect pathogenic bacteria, most of them are only suited for in vitro diagnostics. We report a urinary catheter-based colorimetric sensor for potential on-body detection of E. coli, the most prevalent bacterial species in urinary tract infections associated with the use of urinary catheters. In urine, indole is secreted by E. coli and reacts with a nitrosating agent incorporated in a silicone catheter. A red dimeric product, indoxyl red, is generated within silicone rubber to allow for color-based indole sensing with high sensitivity, linearity, and specificity. This reaction is initiated by the nitrosation reaction of indole at its C-3 position via reagents like sodium nitrite or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine under aerobic conditions. The generated 3-nitrosoindole undergoes tautomerization, dimerization, and deoximation to form indoxyl red with high absorbance at 537 nm. In contrast to other indole sensors, the presented method can be applied in real catheters to detect indole and E. coli in biofluids such as urine. The is because (1) S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine, the nitrosating agent, can be impregnated into silicone elastomers, (2) indole from urine is extracted into silicone due to its hydrophobicity, and (3) the high acidity and oxygen solubility of silicone facilitates the sensing reaction within the silicone matrix. This silicone-based colorimetric sensor clearly differentiates E. coli below and above 105 CFU/mL, which is the threshold concentration of bacteriuria. We expect that early diagnosis of urinary tract infections using the naked eye is possible by functionalizing an exposed section of urinary catheters with the proposed molecular probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Brady
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Wuwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Nashwan Farooque
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Christopher Ehrhardt
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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8
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Garren M, Maffe P, Melvin A, Griffin L, Wilson S, Douglass M, Reynolds M, Handa H. Surface-Catalyzed Nitric Oxide Release via a Metal Organic Framework Enhances Antibacterial Surface Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56931-56943. [PMID: 34818503 PMCID: PMC9728615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that metal nanoparticles embedded into polymeric materials doped with nitric oxide (NO) donor compounds can accelerate the release rate of NO for therapeutic applications. Despite the advantages of elevated NO surface flux for eradicating opportunistic bacteria in the initial hours of application, metal nanoparticles can often trigger a secondary biocidal effect through leaching that can lead to unfavorable cytotoxic responses from host cells. Alternatively, copper-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to stabilize Cu2+/1+ via coordination while demonstrating longer-term catalytic performance compared to their salt counterparts. Herein, the practical application of MOFs in NO-releasing polymeric substrates with an embedded NO donor compound was investigated for the first time. By developing composite thermoplastic silicon polycarbonate polyurethane (TSPCU) scaffolds, the catalytic effects achievable via intrapolymeric interactions between an MOF and NO donor compound were investigated using the water-stable copper-based MOF H3[(Cu4Cl)3(BTTri)8-(H2O)12]·72H2O (CuBTTri) and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP). By creating a multifunctional triple-layered composite scaffold with CuBTTri and SNAP, the surface flux of NO from catalyzed SNAP decomposition was found tunable based on the variable weight percent CuBTTri incorporation. The tunable NO surface fluxes were found to elicit different cytotoxic responses in human cell lines, enabling application-specific tailoring. Challenging the TSPCU-NO-MOF composites against 24 h bacterial growth models, the enhanced NO release was found to elicit over 99% reduction in adhered and over 95% reduction in planktonic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with similar results observed for Escherichia coli. These results indicate that the combination of embedded MOFs and NO donors can be used as a highly efficacious tool for the early prevention of biofilm formation on medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Patrick Maffe
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alyssa Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lauren Griffin
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sarah Wilson
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Megan Douglass
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Melissa Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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9
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Devine R, Douglass M, Ashcraft M, Tayag N, Handa H. Development of Novel Amphotericin B-Immobilized Nitric Oxide-Releasing Platform for the Prevention of Broad-Spectrum Infections and Thrombosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19613-19624. [PMID: 33904311 PMCID: PMC9683085 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Indwelling medical devices currently used to diagnose, monitor, and treat patients invariably suffer from two common clinical complications: broad-spectrum infections and device-induced thrombosis. Currently, infections are managed through antibiotic or antifungal treatment, but the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the formation of recalcitrant biofilms, and difficulty identifying culprit pathogens have made treatment increasingly challenging. Additionally, systemic anticoagulation has been used to manage device-induced thrombosis, but subsequent life-threatening bleeding events associated with all available therapies necessitates alternative solutions. In this study, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antithrombotic surface combining the incorporation of the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) with the immobilization of the antifungal Amphotericin B (AmB) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was developed in a two-step process. This novel strategy combines the key advantages of NO, a bactericidal agent and platelet inhibitor, with AmB, a potent antifungal agent. We demonstrated that SNAP-AmB surfaces significantly reduced the viability of adhered Staphylococcus aureus (99.0 ± 0.2%), Escherichia coli (89.7 ± 1.0%), and Candida albicans (93.5 ± 4.2%) compared to controls after 24 h of in vitro exposure. Moreover, SNAP-AmB surfaces reduced the number of platelets adhered by 74.6 ± 3.9% compared to controls after 2 h of in vitro porcine plasma exposure. Finally, a cytotoxicity assay validated that the materials did not present any cytotoxic side effects toward human fibroblast cells. This novel approach is the first to combine antifungal surface functionalization with NO-releasing technology, providing a promising step toward reducing the rate of broad-spectrum infection and thrombosis associated with indwelling medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Devine
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Megan Douglass
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Morgan Ashcraft
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nicole Tayag
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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10
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Chug MK, Bachtiar E, Narwold N, Gall K, Brisbois EJ. Tailoring nitric oxide release with additive manufacturing to create antimicrobial surfaces. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3100-3111. [PMID: 33690768 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current use of implantable and indwelling medical is limited due to potential microbial colonization leading to severe ailments. The aim of this work is to develop bioactive polymers that can be customized based on patient needs and help prevent bacterial infection. Potential benefits of additive manufacturing technology are integrated with the antimicrobial properties of nitric oxide (NO) to develop NO-releasing biocompatible polymer interfaces for addressing bacterial infections. Using filament-based additive manufacturing and polycarbonateurethane-silicone (PCU-Sil) a range of films possessing unique porosities (Disk-60, Disk-40, solid, capped) were fabricated. The films were impregnated with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) using a solvent-swelling process. The Disk-60 porous films had the greatest amount of SNAP (19.59 wt%) as measured by UV-vis spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed an even distribution of SNAP throughout the polymer. The films exhibited structure-based tunable NO-release at physiological levels ranging from 7-14 days for solid and porous films, as measured by chemiluminescence. The antibacterial efficacy of the films was studied against Staphylococcus aureus using 24 h in vitro bacterial adhesion assay. The results demonstrated a >99% reduction of viable bacteria on the surface of all the NO-releasing films compared to unmodified PCU-Sil controls. The combination of 3D-printing technology with NO-releasing properties represents a promising technique to develop customized medical devices (such as 3D-scaffolds, catheters, etc.) with distinct NO-release levels that can provide antimicrobial properties and enhanced biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Emilio Bachtiar
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas Narwold
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ken Gall
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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11
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Mondal A, Devine R, Estes L, Manuel J, Singha P, Mancha J, Palmer M, Handa H. Highly hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene particle immobilization via polydopamine anchor layer on nitric oxide releasing polymer for biomedical applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 585:716-728. [PMID: 33190836 PMCID: PMC7770048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical surface-associated infections and thrombus formation are two major clinical issues that challenge patient safety and patient the fate of a medical device in the body . Single platform multifunctional surfaces are critical to address both these indwelling medical device-related problems. In this work, bio-inspired approaches are employed to fabricate a polymer composite with a versatile surface that can reduce bacterial infections and platelet adhesion in vitro. In the first bio-inspired approach, the functionality of nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cell lining of blood vessels is mimicked through incorporation of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) within a CarboSil-2080A™ (CarboSil) polymer composite matrix. The second approach involves utilizing mussel adhesive chemistry, via polydopamine (PDA) to immobilize polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles on the polymer composite surface. The PTFE coating facilitates a decrease in wettability by making the polymer composite surface highly hydrophobic (contact angle ca. 120°). The surface of the fabricated polymer composite , CarboSil SNAP-PTFE, had a cobblestone-like structured appearance as characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water contact angle (WCA) and surface tension measurements indicated no significant coating losses after 24 h under physiological conditions. NO surface flux was measured and analyzed for 5 days using a chemiluminescence-based nitric oxide analyzer and was found to be within the physiological range. CarboSil SNAP-PTFE reduced adhered bacteria (99.3 ± 0.5% for Gram-positive S. aureus and 99.1 ± 0.4% for Gram-negative E. coli) in a 24 h in vitro study. SEM analysis showed the absence of biofilm formation on CarboSil SNAP-PTFE polymer composites, while present on CarboSil in 24 h exposure to S. aureus. Platelet adhesion was reduced by 83.3 ± 4.5%. Overall, the results of this study suggest that a combination of NO-releasing CarboSil with PTFE coating can drastically reduce infection and platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mondal
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Devine
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lori Estes
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James Manuel
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Juhi Mancha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Marley Palmer
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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12
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Kabirian F, Brouki Milan P, Zamanian A, Heying R, Mozafari M. Additively manufactured small‐diameter vascular grafts with improved tissue healing using a novel SNAP impregnation method. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:1322-1331. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kabirian
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials DepartmentMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular SciencesKU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials DepartmentMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
| | - Ruth Heying
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular SciencesKU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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13
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Homeyer KH, Singha P, Goudie MJ, Handa H. S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine impregnated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2237-2246. [PMID: 32215917 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chances of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) increases 6-20 folds when an endotracheal tube (ETT) is placed in a patient. VAP is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections and comprises 86% of the nosocomial pneumonia cases. This study introduces the idea of nitric oxide-releasing ETTs (NORel-ETTs) fabricated by the incorporation of the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) into commercially available ETTs via solvent swelling. The impregnation of SNAP provides NO release over a 7-day period without altering the mechanical properties of the ETT. The NORel-ETTs successfully reduced the bacterial infection from a commonly found pathogen in VAP, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by 92.72 ± 0.97% when compared with the control ETTs. Overall, this study presents the incorporation of the active release of a bactericidal agent in ETTs as an efficient strategy to prevent the risk of VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie H Homeyer
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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14
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Gao S, Zhang W, Wang R, Hopkins SP, Spagnoli JC, Racin M, Bai L, Li L, Jiang W, Yang X, Lee C, Nagata K, Howerth EW, Handa H, Xie J, Ma Q, Kumar A. Nanoparticles Encapsulating Nitrosylated Maytansine To Enhance Radiation Therapy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1468-1481. [PMID: 31939662 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains a major treatment modality for cancer types such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (or NSCLC). To enhance treatment efficacy at a given radiation dose, radiosensitizers are often used during radiotherapy. Herein, we report a nanoparticle agent that can selectively sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. Specifically, we nitrosylated maytansinoid DM1 and then loaded the resulting prodrug, DM1-NO, onto poly(lactide-co-glycolic)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles. The toxicity of DM1 is suppressed by nanoparticle encapsulation and nitrosylation, allowing the drug to be delivered to tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Under irradiation to tumors, the oxidative stress is elevated, leading to the cleavage of the S-N bond and the release of DM1 and nitric oxide (NO). DM1 inhibits microtubule polymerization and enriches cells at the G2/M phase, which is more radiosensitive. NO under irradiation forms highly toxic radicals such as peroxynitrites, which also contribute to tumor suppression. The two components work synergistically to enhance radiotherapy outcomes, which was confirmed in vitro by clonogenic assays and in vivo with H1299 tumor-bearing mice. Our studies suggest the great promise of DM1-NO PLGA nanoparticles in enhancing radiotherapy against NSCLC and potentially other tumor types.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Capsules/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Maytansine/chemistry
- Maytansine/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Particle Size
- Surface Properties
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Sean P Hopkins
- College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Jonathan C Spagnoli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Mohammed Racin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Chaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Koichi Nagata
- Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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15
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Chug MK, Feit C, Brisbois EJ. Increasing the Lifetime of Insulin Cannula with Antifouling and Nitric Oxide Releasing Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5965-5975. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur Chug
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Corbin Feit
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Brisbois
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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16
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Mondal A, Douglass M, Hopkins SP, Singha P, Tran M, Handa H, Brisbois EJ. Multifunctional S-Nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine-Incorporated Medical-Grade Polymer with Selenium Interface for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34652-34662. [PMID: 31483604 PMCID: PMC8007129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern crises in implantable or indwelling blood-contacting medical devices are mainly due to the dual problems of infection and thrombogenicity. There is a paucity of biomaterials that can address both problems simultaneously through a singular platform. Taking cues from the body's own defense mechanism against infection and blood clotting (thrombosis) via the endogenous gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), both of these issues are addressed through the development of a layered S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)-doped polymer with a blended selenium (Se)-polymer interface. The unique capability of the SNAP-Se-1 polymer composites to explicitly release NO from the SNAP reservoir as well as generate NO via the incorporated Se is reported for the first time. The NO release from the SNAP-doped polymer increased substantially in the presence of the Se interface. The Se interface was able to generate NO in the presence of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and glutathione (GSH), demonstrating the capability of generating NO from endogenous S-nitrosothiols (RSNO). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) traced distribution of elemental Se nanoparticles on the interface and the surface properties were evaluated by surface wettability and roughness. The SNAP-Se-1 efficiently inhibited the growth of bacteria and reduced platelet adhesion while showing minimal cytotoxicity, thus potentially eliminating the risks of systemic antibiotic and blood coagulation therapy. The SNAP-Se-1 exhibited antibacterial activity of ∼2.39 and ∼2.25 log reductions in the growth of clinically challenging adhered Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. SNAP-Se-1 also significantly reduced platelet adhesion by 85.5% compared to corresponding controls. A WST-8-based cell viability test performed on NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells provided supporting evidence for the potential biocompatibility of the material in vitro. These results highlight the prospective utility of SNAP-Se-1 as a blood-contacting infection-resistant biomaterial in vitro which can be further tuned by application specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mondal
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Megan Douglass
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Sean P Hopkins
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Martin Tran
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
- Corresponding Authors: Dr. Hitesh Handa, Assistant Professor, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Telephone: (706) 542-8109, ; Dr. Elizabeth Brisbois, Assistant Professor, University of Central Florida, 12760 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, Telephone: (407) 266-7169,
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Science , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
- Corresponding Authors: Dr. Hitesh Handa, Assistant Professor, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Telephone: (706) 542-8109, ; Dr. Elizabeth Brisbois, Assistant Professor, University of Central Florida, 12760 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, Telephone: (407) 266-7169,
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17
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Feit CG, Chug MK, Brisbois EJ. Development of S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine Impregnated Medical Grade Polyvinyl Chloride for Antimicrobial Medical Device Interfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4335-4345. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corbin G. Feit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Manjyot Kaur Chug
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Brisbois
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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18
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McCabe MM, Hala P, Rojas-Pena A, Lautner-Csorba O, Major TC, Ren H, Bartlett RH, Brisbois EJ, Meyerhoff ME. Enhancing analytical accuracy of intravascular electrochemical oxygen sensors via nitric oxide release using S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) impregnated catheter tubing. Talanta 2019; 205:120077. [PMID: 31450395 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices are an integral part of primary/critical care. However, these devices carry a high risk for blood clots, caused by platelet aggregation on a foreign body surface. This study focuses on the development of a simplified approach to create nitric oxide (NO) releasing intravascular electrochemical oxygen (O2) sensors with increased biocompatibility and analytical accuracy. The implantable sensors are prepared by embedding S-nitroso-N-acetylpenacillamine (SNAP) as the NO donor molecule in the walls of the catheter type sensors. The SNAP-impregnated catheters were prepared by swelling silicone rubber tubing in a tetrahydrofuran solution containing SNAP. Control and SNAP-impregnated catheters were used to fabricate the Clark-style amperometric PO2 sensors. The SNAP-impregnated sensors release NO under physiological conditions for 18 d as measured by chemiluminescence. The analytical response of the SNAP-impregnated sensors was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Rabbit and swine models (with sensors placed in both veins and arteries) were used to evaluate the effects on thrombus formation and analytical in vivo PO2 sensing performance. The SNAP-impregnated PO2 sensors were found to more accurately measure PO2 levels in blood continuously (over 7 and 20 h animal experiments) with significantly reduced thrombus formation (as compared to controls) on their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M McCabe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Hala
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cardiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Rojas-Pena
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - O Lautner-Csorba
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T C Major
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R H Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E J Brisbois
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - M E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Lautner G, Stringer B, Brisbois EJ, Meyerhoff ME, Schwendeman SP. Controlled light-induced gas phase nitric oxide release from S-nitrosothiol-doped silicone rubber films. Nitric Oxide 2019; 86:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Pant J, Sundaram J, Goudie MJ, Nguyen DT, Handa H. Antibacterial 3D bone scaffolds for tissue engineering application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:1068-1078. [PMID: 30230685 PMCID: PMC9683087 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Open bone fractures are not only difficult to heal but also are at a high risk of infections. Annual cases of fractures which result from osteoporosis amount to approximately 9 million. Endogenously released nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play a role in osteogenic differentiation in addition to eradicating infection against a wide variety of pathogens. In the current work, antimicrobial NO releasing 3D bone scaffolds were fabricated using S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) as the NO donor. During fabrication, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was added to each of the scaffolds in the concentration range of 10-50 wt % in nHA-starch-alginate and nHA-starch-chitosan scaffolds. The mechanical strength of the scaffolds increased proportionally to the concentration of nHA and 50 wt % nHA-starch-alginate possessed the highest load bearing capacity of 203.95 ± 0.3 N. The NO flux of the 50 wt % nHA-starch-alginate scaffolds was found to be 0.50 ± 0.06 × 10-10 mol/min/mg initially which reduced to 0.23 ± 0.02 × 10-10 over a 24 h period under physiological conditions. As a result, a 99.76% ± 0.33% reduction in a gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus and a 99.80% ± 0.62% reduction in the adhered viable colonies of gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed, which is a significant stride in the field of antibacterial natural polymers. The surface morphology and pore size were observed to be appropriate for the potential bone cell growth. The material showed no toxic response toward mouse fibroblast cells. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1068-1078, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pant
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jaya Sundaram
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Dieu Thao Nguyen
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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21
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Homeyer KH, Goudie MJ, Singha P, Handa H. Liquid-Infused Nitric-Oxide-Releasing Silicone Foley Urinary Catheters for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2021-2029. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie H. Homeyer
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Marcus J. Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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22
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Jones A, Pant J, Lee E, Goudie MJ, Gruzd A, Mansfield J, Mandal A, Sharma S, Handa H. Nitric oxide-releasing antibacterial albumin plastic for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1535-1542. [PMID: 29377589 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Designing innovative materials for biomedical applications is desired to prevent surface fouling and risk of associated infections arising in the surgical care patient. In the present study, albumin plastic was fabricated and nitric oxide (NO) donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), was incorporated through a solvent swelling process. The albumin-SNAP plastic was evaluated in terms of mechanical and thermal properties, and bacterial adhesion to the plastic surface. Thermal and viscoelastic analyses showed no significant difference between albumin-SNAP plastics and pure, water-plasticized albumin samples. Bacteria adhesion tests revealed that albumin-SNAP plastic can significantly reduce the surface-bound viable gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial cells by 98.7 and 98.5%, respectively, when compared with the traditional polyvinyl chloride medical grade tubing material. The results from this study demonstrate NO-releasing albumin plastic's potential as a material for biomedical device applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1535-1542, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jones
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jitendra Pant
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Eliza Lee
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Alexey Gruzd
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Joel Mansfield
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Abhyuday Mandal
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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23
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Goudie MJ, Pant J, Handa H. Liquid-infused nitric oxide-releasing (LINORel) silicone for decreased fouling, thrombosis, and infection of medical devices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13623. [PMID: 29051609 PMCID: PMC5648791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports on liquid-infused materials have shown promise in creating ultra-low fouling surfaces, but are limited in their ability to prevent bacterial proliferation and prevent platelet activation in blood-contacting applications. In this work, a liquid-infused nitric oxide-releasing (LINORel) material is created by incorporating the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and silicone oil in commercial medical grade silicone rubber tubing through a solvent swelling process. This combination provides several key advantages over previous NO-releasing materials, including decreased leaching of NO donor, controlled release of NO, and maintenance of ultra-low fouling property of liquid-infused materials. The LINORel tubing reduces protein adhesion as observed using fluorescence imaging, and platelet adhesion (81.7 ± 2.5%) in vitro over a 2 h period. The LINORel combination greatly reduces bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of two most common pathogens responsible for hospital acquired infections: gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (99.3 ± 1.9% and 88.5 ± 3.3% respectively) over a 7-day period in a CDC bioreactor environment. Overall, the LINORel approach provides a synergistic combination of active and passive non-fouling approaches to increase biocompatibility and reduce infection associated with medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jitendra Pant
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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24
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Pant J, Gao J, Goudie MJ, Hopkins SP, Locklin J, Handa H. A multi-defense strategy: Enhancing bactericidal activity of a medical grade polymer with a nitric oxide donor and surface-immobilized quaternary ammonium compound. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:421-431. [PMID: 28579540 PMCID: PMC5685542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of biomedical devices in hospital-based care is inevitable, unfortunately, it is also one of the leading causes of the nosocomial infections, and thus demands development of novel antimicrobial materials for medical device fabrication. In the current study, a multi-defense mechanism against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is demonstrated by combining a nitric oxide (NO) releasing agent with a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial that can be covalently grafted to medical devices. Antibacterial polymeric composites were fabricated by incorporating an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) in CarboSil® polymer and top coated with surface immobilized benzophenone based quaternary ammonium antimicrobial (BPAM) small molecule. The results suggest that SNAP and BPAM individually have a different degree of toxicity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the SNAP-BPAM combination is effective in reducing both types of adhered viable bacteria equally well. SNAP-BPAM combinations reduced the adhered viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 99.0% and Staphylococcus aureus by 99.98% as compared to the control CarboSil films. Agar diffusion tests demonstrate that the diffusive nature of NO kills bacteria beyond the direct point of contact which the non-leaching BPAM cannot achieve alone. This is important for potential application in biofilm eradication. The live-dead bacteria staining shows that the SNAP-BPAM combination has more attached dead bacteria (than live) as compared to the controls. The SNAP-BPAM films have increased hydrophilicity and higher NO flux as compared to the SNAP films useful for preventing blood protein and bacterial adhesion. Overall the combination of SNAP and BPAM imparts different attributes to the polymeric composite that can be used in the fabrication of antimicrobial surfaces for various medical device applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A significant increase in the biomedical device related infections (BDRIs), inability of the currently existing antimicrobial strategies to combat them and a proportional rise in the associated morbidity demands development of novel antimicrobial surfaces. Some of the major challenges associated with the currently used therapeutics are: antibiotic resistance and cytotoxicity. In the current study, engineered polymeric composites with multi-defense mechanism were fabricated to kill bacteria via both active and passive mode. This was done by incorporating a nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetypenicillamine (SNAP) in a medical grade polymer (CarboSil®) and a benzophenone based quaternary ammonium antimicrobial small molecule (BPAM) was surface immobilized as the top layer. The developed biomaterial was tested with Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and was found to be effective against both the strains resulting in up to 99.98% reduction in viable bacterial count. This preventative strategy can be used to fabricate implantable biomedical devices (such as catheters, stents, extracorporeal circuits) to not only significantly limit biofilm formation but also to reduce the antibiotic dose which are usually given post infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pant
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sean P Hopkins
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jason Locklin
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Singha P, Pant J, Goudie MJ, Workman CD, Handa H. Enhanced antibacterial efficacy of nitric oxide releasing thermoplastic polyurethanes with antifouling hydrophilic topcoats. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1246-1255. [PMID: 28466898 PMCID: PMC5503190 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00948d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface fouling is one of the leading causes of infection associated with implants, stents, catheters, and other medical devices. The surface chemistry of medical device coatings is important in controlling and/or preventing fouling. In this study, we have shown that a combination of nitric oxide releasing hydrophobic polymer with a hydrophilic polymer topcoat can significantly reduce protein attachment and subsequently reduce bacterial adhesion as a result of the synergistic effect. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known potent antibacterial agent due to its adverse reactions on microbial cell components. Owing to the surface chemistry of hydrophilic polymers, they are suitable as antifouling topcoats. In this study, four biomedical grade polymers were compared for protein adhesion and NO-release behavior: CarboSil 2080A, silicone rubber, SP60D60, and SG80A. SP60D60 was found to resist protein adsorption up to 80% when compared to the other polymers while CarboSil 2080A maintained a steady NO flux even after 24 hours (∼0.50 × 10-10 mol cm-2 min-1) of soaking in buffer solution with a loss of less than 3% S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), the NO donor molecule, in the leaching analysis. Therefore, CarboSil 2080A incorporated with SNAP and top-coated with SP60D60 was tested for antibacterial efficacy after exposure to fibrinogen, an abundantly found protein in blood. The NO-releasing CarboSil 2080A with the SP60D60 top-coated polymer showed a 96% reduction in Staphylococcus aureus viable cell count compared to the control samples. Hence, the study demonstrated that a hydrophilic polymer topcoat, when applied to a polymer with sustained NO release from an underlying SNAP incorporated hydrophobic polymer, can reduce bacterial adhesion and be used as a highly efficient antifouling, antibacterial polymer for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloy materials are commonly used in joint replacements, due to the high strength of the materials. Pathogenic microorganisms can easily adhere to the surface of the metal implant, leading to an increased potential for implant failure. The surface of a titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) metal oxide implant material was functionalized to deliver an small antibacterial molecule, nitric oxide. S-nitroso-penicillamine, a S-nitrosothiol nitric oxide donor, was covalently immobilized on the metal oxide surface using self-assembled monolayers. Infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the attachment of the S-nitrosothiol donor to the Ti-Al-4V surface. Attachment of S-nitroso-penicillamine resulted in a nitric oxide (NO) release of 89.6 ± 4.8 nmol/cm2 under physiological conditions. This low concentration of nitric oxide reduced Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis growth by 41.5 ± 1.2% and 25.3 ± 0.6%, respectively. Combining the S-nitrosothiol releasing Ti-6Al-4V with tetracycline, a commonly-prescribed antibiotic, increased the effectiveness of the antibiotic by 35.4 ± 1.3%, which allows for lower doses of antibiotics to be used. A synergistic effect of ampicillin with S-nitroso-penicillamine-modified Ti-6Al-4V against S. epidermidis was not observed. The functionalized Ti-6Al-4V surface was not cytotoxic to mouse fibroblasts.
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Pant J, Goudie MJ, Hopkins S, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Tunable Nitric Oxide Release from S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine via Catalytic Copper Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15254-15264. [PMID: 28409633 PMCID: PMC8007131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The quest for novel therapies to prevent bacterial infections and blood clots (thrombosis) is of utmost importance in biomedical research due to the exponential growth in the cases of thrombosis and blood infections and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of bacteria. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is a cellular signaling molecule that plays a pivotal role in host immunity against pathogens, prevention of clotting, and regulation of systemic blood pressure, among several other biological functions. The physiological effect of NO is dose dependent, which necessitates the study of its tunable release kinetics, which is the objective of this study. In the present study, polymer composites were fabricated by incorporating S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in a medical-grade polymer, Carbosil, and top-coated with varying concentrations of catalytic copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs). The addition of the Cu-NPs increased the NO release, as well as the overall antimicrobial activity via the oligodynamic effect of Cu. SNAP (10 wt %) composites without Cu-NP coatings showed a NO flux of 1.32 ± 0.6 × 10-10 mol min-1 cm-2, whereas Cu-NP-incorporated SNAP films exhibited fluxes of 4.48 ± 0.5 × 10-10, 4.84 ± 0.3 × 10-10, and 11.7 ± 3.6 × 10-10 mol min-1 cm-2 with 1, 3, and 5 wt % Cu-NPs, respectively. This resulted in a significant reduction (up to 99.8%) in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with very low platelet adhesion (up to 92% lower) as compared to that of the corresponding controls. Copper leachates from the SNAP films were detected using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique and were found to be significantly lower in concentration than the recommended safety limit by the FDA. The cell viability test performed on mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells provided supportive evidence for the biocompatibility of the material in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pant
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Marcus J. Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Sean Hopkins
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | | | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
- Corresponding author: Hitesh Handa, School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, Telephone: (706) 542-8109,
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Goudie MJ, Brainard BM, Schmiedt CW, Handa H. Characterization and in vivo performance of nitric oxide-releasing extracorporeal circuits in a feline model of thrombogenicity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:539-546. [PMID: 27741554 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection and thrombosis are the two leading complications associated with blood contacting medical devices, and have led to the development of active materials that can delivery antibiotics or antithrombotic agents. Two key characteristics of these materials are the ability to produce controlled delivery, as well as minimal systemic delivery of the agent outside of the device site. Nitric oxide (NO) releasing materials are attractive as NO plays pivotal roles in the body's natural defense against bacterial infection, as well as regulation of platelet adhesion and activation. This work characterizes an NO-releasing extracorporeal circuit (ECC) under flow conditions for the first time, examining the effect of incubation and application of the top coating on leaching of NO donor and NO-release kinetics. Top coated ECCs with incubation delivered ca. 1% of the total NO potential over the 4-h period, whereas uncoated ECCs delivered over 4.5% of the total NO. Incubated ECC loops maintained a flux of 1.83 ± 0.50 × 10-10 mol min-1 cm-2 for the full 4 h duration. The NO-releasing ECC loops significantly increased the time-to-clot as compared to the corresponding control (11 ± 3.6 min control, 132 ± 93.0 min NO-releasing) when evaluated in vivo in a feline animal model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 539-546, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Goudie
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Benjamin M Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hitesh Handa
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Brisbois EJ, Kim M, Wang X, Mohammed A, Major TC, Wu J, Brownstein J, Xi C, Handa H, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME. Improved Hemocompatibility of Multilumen Catheters via Nitric Oxide (NO) Release from S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) Composite Filled Lumen. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29270-29279. [PMID: 27734679 PMCID: PMC5421361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Blood-contacting devices, such as intravascular catheters, suffer from challenges related to thrombus formation and infection. Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous antiplatelet and antimicrobial agent. Exogenous release of NO from various polymer matrices has been shown to reduce thrombosis and infection of/on implantable medical devices. However, the clinical applications of such materials have been hindered due to factors such as NO donor leaching and thermal instability. In this study, a novel approach is demonstrated in which one lumen of commercial dual lumen catheters is dedicated to the NO release chemistry, allowing the other lumen to be available for clinical vascular access. A composite consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) is used to fill the NO-releasing lumen of commercial 7 French silicone catheters. Physiological levels of NO are released from the SNAP-PEG catheters for up to 14 d, as measured by chemiluminescence NO analyzer (in PBS buffer at 37 °C). PEG facilitates the NO release from SNAP within the lumen by increasing the water absorption and slowly dissolving the solid SNAP-PEG composite. In a CDC biofilm bioreactor, the SNAP-PEG catheters are found to reduce >97% bacterial adhesion as compared to the PEG controls for single bacterial species including E. coli and S. aureus. SNAP-PEG and PEG control catheters were implanted in rabbit veins for 7 h (single lumen) and 11 d (dual lumen) to evaluate their hemocompatibility properties. Significant reductions in thrombus formation on the SNAP-PEG vs PEG controls were observed, with ca. 85% reduction for 7 h single lumen catheters and ca. 55% reduction for 11 d dual lumen catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Azmath Mohammed
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Terry C. Major
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - Chuanwu Xi
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Goudie MJ, Brisbois EJ, Pant J, Thompson A, Potkay JA, Handa H. Characterization of an S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-based nitric oxide releasing polymer from a translational perspective. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016; 65:769-778. [PMID: 27493297 DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1163570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating a variety of biological functions in humans, numerous studies on different NO releasing/generating materials have been published over the past two decades. Although NO has been demonstrated to be a strong antimicrobial and potent antithrombotic agent, NO-releasing (NOrel) polymers have not reached the clinical setting. While increasing the concentration of the NO donor in the polymer is a common method to prolong the NO-release, this should not be at the cost of mechanical strength or biocompatibility of the original material. In this work, it was shown that the incorporation of S-nitroso-penicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor molecule, into Elast-eon E2As (a copolymer of mixed soft segments of polydimethylsiloxane and poly(hexamethylene oxide)), does not adversely impact the physical and biological attributes of the base polymer. Incorporating 10 wt % of SNAP into E2As reduces the ultimate tensile strength by only 20%. The inclusion of SNAP did not significantly affect the surface chemistry or roughness of E2As polymer. Ultraviolet radiation, ethylene oxide, and hydrogen peroxide vapor sterilization techniques retained approximately 90% of the active SNAP content, where sterilization of these materials did not affect the NO-release profile over an 18 day period. Furthermore, these NOrel materials were shown to be biocompatible with the host tissues as observed through hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity analysis. In addition, the stability of SNAP in E2As was studied under a variety of storage conditions, as they pertain to translational potential of these materials. SNAP-incorporated E2As stored at room temperature for over 6 months retained 87% of its initial SNAP content. Stored and fresh films exhibited similar NO release kinetics over an 18 day period. Combined, the results from this study suggest that SNAP-doped E2As polymer is suitable for commercial biomedical applications due to the reported physical and biological characteristics that are important for commercial and clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Goudie
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Jitendra Pant
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Hitesh Handa
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Brisbois EJ, Major TC, Goudie MJ, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME, Handa H. Improved hemocompatibility of silicone rubber extracorporeal tubing via solvent swelling-impregnation of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and evaluation in rabbit thrombogenicity model. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:111-9. [PMID: 27095484 PMCID: PMC4870167 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Blood-contacting devices, including extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuits, can suffer from complications due to platelet activation and thrombus formation. Development of nitric oxide (NO) releasing polymers is one method to improve hemocompatibility, taking advantage of the ability of low levels of NO to prevent platelet activation/adhesion. In this study a novel solvent swelling method is used to load the walls of silicone rubber tubing with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). This SNAP-silicone rubber tubing exhibits an NO flux of ca. 1×10(-10)molcm(-2)min(-1), which mimics the range of NO release from the normal endothelium, which is stable for at least 4h. Images of the tubing before and after swelling, obtained via scanning electron microscopy, demonstrate that this swelling method has little effect on the surface properties of the tubing. The SNAP-loaded silicone rubber and silicone rubber control tubing are used to fabricate ECC circuits that are evaluated in a rabbit model of thrombogenicity. After 4h of blood flow, the SNAP-loaded silicone rubber circuits were able to preserve the blood platelet count at 64% of baseline (vs. 12% for silicone rubber control). A 67% reduction in the degree of thrombus formation within the thrombogenicity chamber was also observed. This study demonstrates the ability to improve the hemocompatibility of existing/commercial silicone rubber tubing via a simple solvent swelling-impregnation technique, which may also be applicable to other silicone-based blood-contacting devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Localized nitric oxide (NO) release can be achieved from biomedical grade polymers doped with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Despite the promising in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility results reported for these NO releasing polymers, many of these materials may face challenges in being translated to clinical applications, especially in the areas of polymer processing and manufacturing. In this study, we report a solvent swelling-impregnation technique to incorporate SNAP into extracorporeal circuit (ECC) tubing. These NO-releasing ECCs were able to attenuate the activation of platelets and maintain their functionality, while significantly reducing the extent of thrombus formation during 4h blood flow in the rabbit model of thrombogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry C Major
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Naghavi N, Seifalian AM, Hamilton G, de Mel A. Evaluation of experimental methods for nitric oxide release from cardiovascular implants; bypass grafts as an exemplar. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2015. [PMID: 26224643 DOI: 10.1177/1753944715596485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great potential for nitric oxide (NO) eluting biomaterials in biomedical applications. These include the development of cardiovascular implants, wound healing products, or applications in cancer and respiratory therapy. While the potential of these materials as a therapy is becoming clearer, the real-time monitoring of NO is not easy and the success in the development of such materials depends on the accurate quantification of NO release. METHOD To emphasize on the importance of a measurement technique on the outcome of an experiment, we compared total NO released from S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) incorporated nanocomposite polymer in the form of bypass grafts under simulated physiological conditions using amperometric and chemiluminescence techniques. RESULTS We found that the total amount of NO measured by the amperometric technique was 35.8% of the theoretical amount. Similarly, on measuring NO release from the bypass grafts, we demonstrated that the chemiluminesence technique detected NO at a relatively higher level. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly demonstrate the relative difference between analysis techniques for accurate NO detection that can be applied to distinct experimental models associated with NO-eluting cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Naghavi
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UKRoyal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Hamilton
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UKRoyal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Lecturer in Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free NHS Trust Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
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Brisbois EJ, Davis RP, Jones AM, Major TC, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME, Handa H. Reduction in Thrombosis and Bacterial Adhesion with 7 Day Implantation of S-Nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)-Doped Elast-eon E2As Catheters in Sheep. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1639-1645. [PMID: 25685358 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis and infection are two common problems associated with blood-contacting medical devices such as catheters. Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be a potent antimicrobial agent as well as an inhibitor of platelet activation and adhesion. Healthy endothelial cells that line the inner walls of all blood vessels exhibit a NO flux of 0.5~4×10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 that helps prevent thrombosis. Materials with a NO flux that is equivalent to this level are expected to exhibit similar anti-thrombotic properties. In this study, NO-releasing catheters were fabricated by incorporating S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in the Elast-eon E2As polymer. The SNAP/E2As catheters release physiological levels of NO for up to 20 d, as measured by chemiluminescence. Furthermore, SNAP is stable in the E2As polymer, retaining 89% of the initial SNAP after ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization. The SNAP/E2As and E2As control catheters were implanted in sheep veins for 7 d to examine the effect on thrombosis and bacterial adhesion. The SNAP/E2As catheters reduced the thrombus area when compared to the control (1.56 ± 0.76 and 5.06 ± 1.44 cm2, respectively). A 90% reduction in bacterial adhesion was also observed for the SNAP/E2As catheters as compared to the controls. The results suggest that the SNAP/E2As polymer has the potential to improve the hemocompatibility and bactericidal activity of intravascular catheters, as well as other blood-contacting medical devices (e.g., vascular grafts, extracorporeal circuits).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan P Davis
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Anna M Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Terry C Major
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Major TC, Handa H, Brisbois EJ, Reynolds MM, Annich GM, Meyerhoff ME, Bartlett RH. The mediation of platelet quiescence by NO-releasing polymers via cGMP-induced serine 239 phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8086-96. [PMID: 23906514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) releasing (NORel) materials have been shown to create localized increases in NO concentration by the release of NO from a diazeniumdiolate-containing or S-nitrosothiol-containing polymer coating and the improvement of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) hemocompatibility. However, the mechanism and, in particular, the platelet upregulation of the NO/cGMP signaling protein, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylated at serine 239 (P-VASP (ser 239)), for the improved ECC hemocompatibility via NO release still needs elucidation. In this work, two NORel polymeric coatings were evaluated in a 4 h rabbit thrombogenicity model and the anti-thrombotic mechanism investigated for rabbit platelet P-VASP upregulation. Polymer films containing 25 wt% diazeniumdiolated dibutylhexanediamine (DBHD) or 5 wt% S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) coated on the inner walls of ECC circuits yielded significantly reduced ECC thrombus formation and maintained normal platelet aggregation compared to polymer controls after 4 h of blood exposure. Platelet P-VASP (ser 239), a useful tool to monitor NO/cGMP signaling, was upregulated after 4 h on ECC and markedly increased after ex vivo sodium nitroprusside (SNP) stimulation. Interestingly, in the rabbit platelet, NO did not upregulate the cAMP P-VASP phosphoprotein P-VASP (ser 157) as previously shown in human platelets. These results suggest that NORel polymers preserve rabbit platelet quiescence by sustaining a level of cGMP signaling as monitored by P-VASP (ser 239) upregulation. The upregulation of this NO-mediated platelet signaling mechanism in this rabbit thrombogenicity model indicates the potential for improved thromboresistance of any NORel-coated medical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry C Major
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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35
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Long-term nitric oxide release and elevated temperature stability with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)-doped Elast-eon E2As polymer. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6957-66. [PMID: 23777908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be a potent inhibitor of platelet activation and adhesion. Healthy endothelial cells that line the inner walls of all blood vessels exhibit a NO flux of 0.5-4 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) min(-1) that helps prevent thrombosis. Materials with a NO flux that is equivalent to this level are expected to exhibit similar anti-thrombotic properties. In this study, five biomedical grade polymers doped with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) were investigated for their potential to control the release of NO from the SNAP within the polymers, and further control the release of SNAP itself. SNAP in the Elast-eon E2As polymer creates an inexpensive, homogeneous coating that can locally deliver NO (via thermal and photochemical reactions) as well slowly release SNAP. Furthermore, SNAP is surprisingly stable in the E2As polymer, retaining 82% of the initial SNAP after 2 months storage at 37 °C. The E2As polymer containing SNAP was coated on the walls of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuits and exposed to 4 h blood flow in a rabbit model of extracorporeal circulation to examine the effects on platelet count, platelet function, clot area, and fibrinogen adsorption. After 4 h, platelet count was preserved at 100 ± 7% of baseline for the SNAP/E2As coated loops, compared to 60 ± 6% for E2As control circuits (n = 4). The SNAP/E2As coating also reduced the thrombus area when compared to the control (2.3 ± 0.6 and 3.4 ± 1.1 pixels/cm(2), respectively). The results suggest that the new SNAP/E2As coating has potential to improve the thromboresistance of intravascular catheters, grafts, and other blood-contacting medical devices, and exhibits excellent storage stability compared to previously reported NO release polymeric materials.
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Morakinyo MK, Chipinda I, Hettick J, Siegel PD, Abramson J, Strongin R, Martincigh BS, Simoyi RH. Detailed mechanistic investigation into the S-nitrosation of cysteamine. CAN J CHEM 2012; 9:724-738. [PMID: 26594054 DOI: 10.1139/v2012-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitrosation of cysteamine (H2NCH2CH2SH) to produce cysteamine-S-nitrosothiol (CANO) was studied in slightly acidic medium by using nitrous acid prepared in situ. The stoichiometry of the reaction was H2NCH2CH2SH + HNO2 → H2NCH2CH2SNO + H2O. On prolonged standing, the nitrosothiol decomposed quantitatively to yield the disulfide, cystamine: 2H2NCH2CH2SNO → H2NCH2CH2S-SCH2CH2NH2 + 2NO. NO2 and N2O3 are not the primary nitrosating agents, since their precursor (NO) was not detected during the nitrosation process. The reaction is first order in nitrous acid, thus implicating it as the major nitrosating agent in mildly acidic pH conditions. Acid catalyzes nitrosation after nitrous acid has saturated, implicating the protonated nitrous acid species, the nitrosonium cation (NO+) as a contributing nitrosating species in highly acidic environments. The acid catalysis at constant nitrous acid concentrations suggests that the nitrosonium cation nitrosates at a much higher rate than nitrous acid. Bimolecular rate constants for the nitrosation of cysteamine by nitrous acid and by the nitrosonium cation were deduced to be 17.9 ± 1.5 (mol/L)-1 s-1 and 6.7 × 104 (mol/L)-1 s-1, respectively. Both Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions were effective catalysts for the formation and decomposition of the cysteamine nitrosothiol. Cu(II) ions could catalyze the nitrosation of cysteamine in neutral conditions, whereas Cu(I) could only catalyze in acidic conditions. Transnitrosation kinetics of CANO with glutathione showed the formation of cystamine and the mixed disulfide with no formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The nitrosation reaction was satisfactorily simulated by a simple reaction scheme involving eight reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshood K Morakinyo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Itai Chipinda
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Justin Hettick
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Paul D Siegel
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jonathan Abramson
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Robert Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
| | - Reuben H Simoyi
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
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Moran EE, Timerghazin QK, Kwong E, English AM. Kinetics and Mechanism of S-Nitrosothiol Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis: Sulfur Activation Promotes Facile NO+ Release. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3112-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1035597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto E. Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Qadir K. Timerghazin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kwong
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Merck Frosst Canada Incorporated, Kirkland, Québec H9H 3L1, Canada
| | - Ann M. English
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
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Morakinyo MK, Strongin RM, Simoyi RH. Modulation of homocysteine toxicity by S-nitrosothiol formation: a mechanistic approach. J Phys Chem B 2011; 114:9894-904. [PMID: 20666529 DOI: 10.1021/jp103679v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic conversion of homocysteine (HCYSH) to homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) has been reported as the major cause of HCYSH pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that inhibition of the thiol group of HCYSH by S-nitrosation will prevent its metabolic conversion to HTL. The kinetics, reaction dynamics, and mechanism of reaction of HCYSH and nitrous acid to produce S-nitrosohomocysteine (HCYSNO) was studied in mildly to highly acidic pHs. Transnitrosation of this non-protein-forming amino acid by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was also studied at physiological pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer. In both cases, HCYSNO formed quantitatively. Copper ions were found to play dual roles, catalyzing the rate of formation of HCYSNO as well as its rate of decomposition. In the presence of a transition-metal ions chelator, HCYSNO was very stable with a half-life of 198 h at pH 7.4. Nitrosation by nitrous acid occurred via the formation of more powerful nitrosating agents, nitrosonium cation (NO(+)) and dinitrogen trioxide (N(2)O(3)). In highly acidic environments, NO(+) was found to be the most effective nitrosating agent with a first-order dependence on nitrous acid. N(2)O(3) was the most relevant nitrosating agent in a mildly acidic environment with a second-order dependence on nitrous acid. The bimolecular rate constants for the direct reactions of HCYSH and nitrous acid, N(2)O(3), and NO(+) were 9.0 x 10(-2), 9.50 x 10(3), and 6.57 x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. These rate constant values agreed with the electrophilic order of these nitrosating agents: HNO(2) < N(2)O(3) < NO(+). Transnitrosation of HCYSH by GSNO produced HCYSNO and other products including glutathione (reduced and oxidized) and homocysteine-glutathione mixed disulfide. A computer modeling involving eight reactions gave a good fit to the observed formation kinetics of HCYSNO. This study has shown that it is possible to modulate homocysteine toxicity by preventing its conversion to a more toxic HTL by S-nitrosation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshood K Morakinyo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA
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Roy JF, Chrétien MN, Woodside B, English AM. Reduction and S-nitrosation of the neuropeptide oxytocin: Implications for its biological function. Nitric Oxide 2007; 17:82-90. [PMID: 17692543 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT; Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-leu-Gly), a posterior pituitary peptide hormone, is characterized by a Cys1-Cys6 disulfide bond in its stable, isolated state. This paper describes a simple, one-step method for the production of OT in its reduced, dithiol form (OT dithiol), free of reducing agent. The effects of temperature, pH, and metal-ion chelators on the autoxidation of OT dithiol were examined to establish if this form is likely to persist under biological conditions. It was found that OT dithiol has a half-life of 1.8h with respect to reformation of OT disulfide at 37 degrees C and pH 6.9 in the presence of the copper chelators, DTPA and neocuproine. S-Nitrosation of OT dithiol by acidified nitrite at pH 3.0 was examined by absorption spectroscopy and HPLC-UV-MS, which revealed that both singly and doubly S-nitrosated OT are formed. These results suggest novel chemical aspects to OT signaling, the biological implications of which are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Applications of Mass Spectrometry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Que., Canada
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