1
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Mitroo D, Das DN, Hamilton PD, Kumfer BM, Ravi N. Combustion conditions influence toxicity of flame-generated soot to ocular (ARPE-19) cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123307. [PMID: 38190877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Soot is a prevalent aerosol found both indoors and outdoors that has several sources, such as natural (e.g., wildfires), civilian (e.g., cooking), or military (e.g., burn pit operation). Additionally, within the sources, factors that influence the physicochemical properties of the soot include combustion temperature, oxygen availability, and fuel type. Being able to reproduce soot in the laboratory and systematically assess its toxicity is important in the pursuit of elucidating pathologies associated with its exposure. Of the organs of interest, we targeted the eye given the scant attention received. Yet, air pollution constituents such as soot have been linked to diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We developed a bench-scale system to synthesize different types of soot, that is, soot with a systematically varied physical attributes or chemical composition. We used common analytical techniques to probe such properties, and used statistical analyses to correlate them with toxicity in vitro using ARPE-19 cells. Within the range of flame conditions studied, we find that soot toxicity increases with increasing oxygen concentration in fuel-rich premixed flames, and weakly increases with decreasing flame temperature. Additionally, soot particles produced in premixed flames are generally smaller in size, exhibit a lesser fractal structure, and are considerably more toxic to ARPE-19 cells than soot particles produced in non-premixed flames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Mitroo
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Durgesh N Das
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul D Hamilton
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Benjamin M Kumfer
- Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Nathan Ravi
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110, USA; Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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2
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Sebastian FL, Becker F, Yomogida Y, Hosokawa Y, Settele S, Lindenthal S, Yanagi K, Zaumseil J. Unified Quantification of Quantum Defects in Small-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21771-21781. [PMID: 37856164 PMCID: PMC10655237 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent quantum defects enables their application as near-infrared single-photon sources, as optical sensors, and for in vivo tissue imaging. Tuning the emission wavelength and defect density is crucial for these applications. While the former can be controlled by different synthetic protocols and is easily measured, defect densities are still determined as relative rather than absolute values, limiting the comparability between different nanotube batches and chiralities. Here, we present an absolute and unified quantification metric for the defect density in SWCNT samples based on Raman spectroscopy. It is applicable to a range of small-diameter semiconducting nanotubes and for arbitrary laser wavelengths. We observe a clear inverse correlation of the D/G+ ratio increase with nanotube diameter, indicating that curvature effects contribute significantly to the defect activation of Raman modes. Correlation of intermediate frequency modes with defect densities further corroborates their activation by defects and provides additional quantitative metrics for the characterization of functionalized SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn L. Sebastian
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Becker
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuuya Hosokawa
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Simon Settele
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department
of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Lee JW, Kim SS, Lee MW, Hwang JY, Moon SY. High-Strength Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Photochemically Treated CNTs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19789-19797. [PMID: 37305311 PMCID: PMC10249089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy nanocomposite was prepared using a photochemical surface modification process of CNTs. The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-excimer lamp treatment created reactive sites on the CNT surface. Increasing the irradiation time increased the oxygen functional groups and changed the oxygen bonding state such as C=O, C-O, and -COOH. By the VUV-excimer irradiation on CNTs, the epoxy infiltrated well between the CNT bundles and formed a strong chemical bond between CNT and epoxy. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites with VUV-excimer irradiated sample during 30 min (R30) were found to increase by 30 and 68% compared to using pristine CNT, respectively. R30 was not pulled out and remained embedded in the matrix until the fracture occurred. The VUV-excimer irradiation is an effective surface modification and functionalization method for improving the mechanical properties of CNT nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeongi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Lee
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Young Moon
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ai Y, Wang C, Videen G, Pan YL. Optically levitated, single-particle reactor for the study of surface and heterogeneous chemistry--reactions of particulate-bound mercury with ozone in air. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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5
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Nanotube Functionalization: Investigation, Methods and Demonstrated Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155386. [PMID: 35955321 PMCID: PMC9369776 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an update on nanotube functionalization, including an investigation of their methods and applications. The review starts with the discussion of microscopy and spectroscopy investigations of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results of transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and resistivity measurements are summarized. The update on the methods of the functionalization of CNTs, such as covalent and non-covalent modification or the substitution of carbon atoms, is presented. The demonstrated applications of functionalized CNTs in nanoelectronics, composites, electrochemical energy storage, electrode materials, sensors and biomedicine are discussed.
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6
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Yu X, Huang J, Zhao J, Zhou C, Xin C, Guo Q. Topotactic formation of poriferous (Al,C)-Ta 2O 5 mesocrystals for improved visible-light photocatalysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114289. [PMID: 34929428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poriferous monocrystal-like nanostructures are contributing to fabricate long-distance charge transfer pathways and rapid diffusions of the degraded products, and attracts wide attentions. In this work, layered and poriferous (Al,C)-Ta2O5 mesocrystals were fabricated by topotactic transformation strategy with Ta4AlC3 MAX as starting materials for visible-light photocatalytic antibiotic degradation. The prepared sample exhibited enhanced visible-light absorption and visible-light photocatalytic performance, far superior to those of commercial Ta2O5 and Ta4AlC3 MAX, which was mainly because of the elemental doping in the samples. The experimental results also indicated that continuous attacks of the photo-generated holes and ·O2- species efficiently induced efficient visible-light photodegradation of tetracycline. Current work also indicates a new and potential tantalum-based semiconductors for high-performance environmental photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Jielin Huang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Changhui Xin
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Quanhui Guo
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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7
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Yaghoubi A, Ramazani A, Ghasemzadeh H. Synthesis of physically crosslinked PAM/CNT flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films via a destructive approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39095-39107. [PMID: 35492498 PMCID: PMC9044412 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based hydrogels have recently found a wide variety of applications due to the unique physical and chemical properties of CNTs. CNTs can be used as a nanofiller and/or crosslinker to produce nanocomposite hydrogels with good mechanical and structural properties. In this research, a novel method was reported for producing polyacrylamide (PAM)/oxidized-multiwalled carbon nanotube (O-MWCNT) flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films without using any organic cross-linker or surfactant. Through a mechanism dependent on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), some O-MWCNTs were broken down in situ into small flakes in the aqueous solutions containing acrylamide (AM) and sodium persulfate (NaPS) at the temperature range of 85–90 °C. Simultaneously, in situ polymerization of the AM monomers occurred using free radicals, which resulted in the formation of PAM chains. The flakes acted as crosslinkers by forming hydrogen bonds with PAM chains and formed a hydrogel network after 48 h at room temperature. The hydrogels were characterized by different techniques (FT-IR, Raman, FE-SEM, TEM, TGA, tensile test). The porous structure of the hydrogel films as well as micro-network structures with unique morphologies were observed by SEM. The O-MWCNT flakes and some undegraded O-MWCNTs in the hydrogel network were also observed by TEM. The results showed that PC2I2H hydrogel film, as an evolved hydrogel, has excellent swelling performance in aqueous solutions at different pH and temperatures. In addition, this hydrogel showed a tensile strength of 103 MPa in the dry state and an elongation of 703% in the swollen state. Novel PAM/CNT flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films were synthesized by in situ degradation of the oxidized-MWCNTs into flakes using persulfate activation. The flakes crosslinked the PAM chains via hydrogen bonding to form a hydrogel network.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Yaghoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran .,Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran
| | - Hossein Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin 34148-96818 Iran
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8
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Park J, Moon J, Kim K, Ri V, Lee S, Hong BH, Sung YE, Kim C, Cairns EJ. Effects of Photochemical Oxidation of the Carbonaceous Additives on Li-S Cell Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41517-41523. [PMID: 34428892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a simple and easy way to functionalize the surface of various carbonaceous materials through the ultraviolet light/ozone (UV/O3) plasma where we utilize the zero-, one-, and two-dimensional carbon frameworks. In a general manner, the lamps of a UV/O3 generator create two different wavelengths (λ = 185 and 254 nm); the shorter wavelength (λ = 185 nm) dissociates the oxygen (O2) in air and the longer wavelength (λ = 254 nm) dissociates the O3 and creates the reactive and monoatomic oxygen radical, which tends to incorporate onto the defects of the carbons. By tailoring the association and dissociation of the oxygen with various forms, carbon black, carbon nanofibers, and graphite flakes, chosen as representative models for the zero-, one-, and two-dimensional carbon frameworks, their structure can be oxidized, respectively, which is known as photochemical oxidation. Various carbons have their own distinctive morphology and electron transport properties, which are applicable for the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cell. We, here, report on the improvement of electrochemical performance of the lithium/sulfur cell through such an efficient functionalization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Moon
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak Road, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookhan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Vitalii Ri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak Road, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Lee
- Mobile Communications Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak Road, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Elton J Cairns
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Martínez-Muíño A, Rana M, Vilatela JJ, Costa RD. Origin of the electrocatalytic activity in carbon nanotube fiber counter-electrodes for solar-energy conversion. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4400-4409. [PMID: 36132932 PMCID: PMC9417869 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are a versatile platform to develop sustainable and stable electrodes for energy-related applications. However, their electrocatalytic activity is still poorly understood. This work deciphers the origin of the catalytic activity of counter-electrodes (CEs)/current collectors made of self-standing carbon nanotube fibers (CNTfs) using Co2+/Co3+ redox couple electrolytes. This is based on comprehensive electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of fresh and used electrodes applied to symmetric electrochemical cells using platinum-based CEs as a reference. As the most relevant findings, two straight relationships were established: (i) the limiting current and stability increase rapidly with the surface concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups, and (ii) the catalytic potential is inversely related to the amount of residual metallic Fe catalyst nanoparticles interspersed in the CNTf network. Finally, the fine tuning of the metal nanoparticle content and the degree of functionalization enabled fabrication of efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells with cobalt electrolytes and CNTf-CEs outperforming those with reference Pt-CEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez-Muíño
- IMDEA Materials Institute c/ Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Física Aplicada Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Moumita Rana
- IMDEA Materials Institute c/ Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute c/ Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
| | - Rubén D Costa
- IMDEA Materials Institute c/ Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse, 22 94315 Straubing Germany
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10
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Deline AR, Frank BP, Smith CL, Sigmon LR, Wallace AN, Gallagher MJ, Goodwin DG, Durkin DP, Fairbrother DH. Influence of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on the Environmental Properties, Transformations, and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11651-11697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Deline
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Casey L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Leslie R. Sigmon
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alexa N. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Miranda J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - David G. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P. Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - D. Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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11
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Kim JJ, Fan R, Allison LK, Andrew TL. On-site identification of ozone damage in fruiting plants using vapor-deposited conducting polymer tattoos. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/36/eabc3296. [PMID: 32917623 PMCID: PMC7473748 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is leading to increased concentrations of ground-level ozone in farms and orchards. Persistent ozone exposure causes irreversible oxidative damage to plants and reduces crop yield, threatening food supply chains. Here, we show that vapor-deposited conducting polymer tattoos on plant leaves can be used to perform on-site impedance analysis, which accurately reveals ozone damage, even at low exposure levels. Oxidative damage produces a unique change in the high-frequency (>104 Hz) impedance and phase signals of leaves, which is not replicated by other abiotic stressors, such as drought. The polymer tattoos are resilient against ozone-induced chemical degradation and persist on the leaves of fruiting plants, thus allowing for frequent and long-term monitoring of cellular ozone damage in economically important crops, such as grapes and apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruolan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Linden K Allison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Trisha L Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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12
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Peng Z, Liu X, Zhang W, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Zhang C, Liu Y, Shao B, Liang Q, Tang W, Yuan X. Advances in the application, toxicity and degradation of carbon nanomaterials in environment: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105298. [PMID: 31765863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are novel nanomaterials with excellent physicochemical properties, which are widely used in biomedicine, energy and sensing. Besides, CNMs also play an important role in environmental pollution control, which can absorb heavy metals, antibiotics and harmful gases. However, CNMs are inevitably entering the environment while they are rapidly developing. They are harmful to living organisms in the environment and are difficult to degrade under natural conditions. Here, we systematically describe the toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GRA) and C60 to cells, animals, humans, and microorganisms. According to the current research results, the toxicity mechanism is summarized, including oxidative stress response, mechanical damage and effects on biological enzymes. In addition, according to the latest research progress, we focus on the two major degradation methods of chemical degradation and biodegradation of CNTs, GRA and C60. Meanwhile, the reaction conditions and degradation mechanisms of degradation are respectively stated. Moreover, we have prospects for the limitations of CNM degradation under non-experimental conditions and their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Binbin Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qinghua Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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13
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Kolanowska A, Kuziel AW, Jędrysiak RG, Krzywiecki M, Korczeniewski E, Wiśniewski M, Terzyk AP, Boncel S. Ullmann Reactions of Carbon Nanotubes-Advantageous and Unexplored Functionalization toward Tunable Surface Chemistry. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111619. [PMID: 31731640 PMCID: PMC6915440 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate Ullmann-type reactions as novel and advantageous functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) toward tunable surface chemistry. The functionalization routes comprise O-, N-, and C-arylation of chlorinated CNTs. We confirm the versatility and efficiency of the reaction allowing functionalization degrees up to 3.5 mmol g−1 by applying both various nanotube substrates, i.e., single-wall (SWCNTs) and multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs) of various chirality, geometry, and morphology as well as diverse Ullmann-type reagents: phenol, aniline, and iodobenzene. The reactivity of nanotubes was correlatable with the nanotube diameter and morphology revealing SWCNTs as the most reactive representatives. We have determined the optimized conditions of this two-step synthetic protocol as: (1) chlorination using iodine trichloride (ICl3), and (2) Ullmann-type reaction in the presence of: copper(I) iodide (CuI), 1,10-phenanthroline as chelating agent and caesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) as base. We have analyzed functionalized CNTs using a variety of techniques, i.e., scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, comprehensive Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analyses confirmed the purely covalent nature of those modifications at all stages. Eventually, we have proved the elaborated protocol as exceptionally tunable since it enabled us: (a) to synthesize superhydrophilic films from—the intrinsically hydrophobic—vertically aligned MWCNT arrays and (b) to produce printable highly electroconductive pastes of enhanced characteristics—as compared for non-modified and otherwise modified MWCNTs—for textronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolanowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.W.K.); (R.G.J.)
| | - Anna Wioleta Kuziel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.W.K.); (R.G.J.)
| | - Rafał Grzegorz Jędrysiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.W.K.); (R.G.J.)
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics—CSE, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Emil Korczeniewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.W.); (A.P.T.)
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.W.); (A.P.T.)
| | - Artur Piotr Terzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.W.); (A.P.T.)
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.W.K.); (R.G.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-322-371-272; Fax: +48-322-372-094
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14
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Jessl S, Copic D, Engelke S, Ahmad S, De Volder M. Hydrothermal Coating of Patterned Carbon Nanotube Forest for Structured Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901201. [PMID: 31544336 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the arrangement and interface of nanoparticles is essential to achieve good transfer of charge, heat, or mechanical load. This is particularly challenging in systems requiring hybrid nanoparticle mixtures such as combinations of organic and inorganic materials. This work presents a process to coat vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests with metal oxide nanoparticles using microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Hydrothermal processes normally damage delicate CNT forests, which is addressed here by a combination of lithographic patterning, transfer printing, and reduction of the synthesis time. This process is applied for the fabrication of structured Li-ion battery (LIB) electrodes where the aligned CNTs provide a straight electron transport path through the electrode and the hydrothermal coating process is used to coat the CNTs with conversion anode materials for LIBs. These nanoparticles are anchored on the surface of the CNTs and batteries fabricated following this process show a fourfold longer cyclability. Finally, this process is used to create thick electrodes (350 µm) with a gravimetric capacity of over 900 mAh g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jessl
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Davor Copic
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Simon Engelke
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Michael De Volder
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
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15
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Manzetti S, Gabriel JCP. Methods for dispersing carbon nanotubes for nanotechnology applications: liquid nanocrystals, suspensions, polyelectrolytes, colloids and organization control. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-018-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Surface Modification/Functionalization of Carbon Materials by Different Techniques: An Overview. SPRINGER SERIES ON POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2688-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Abdul Rahim Z, Yusof NA, Mohammad Haniff MAS, Mohammad F, Syono MI, Daud N. Electrochemical Measurements of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes under Different Plasma Treatments. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101902. [PMID: 30301248 PMCID: PMC6213819 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we described the post-treatment effects of applying different plasma atmosphere conditions on the electrochemical performances of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). For the study, a composite of MWCNTs/Co/Ti was successfully grown on the silicon substrate and then pre-treated with ammonia, oxygen and hydrogen plasma. The composite was characterized by making use of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for the surface morphology and Raman spectroscopy for the functionalization. Further, the electrochemical measurements were performed with the use of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) applied in the 0.01 M potassium ferricyanide in 0.1 M KCl solution. On testing, the results indicated that the NH3-treated MWCNTs have the highest efficiency as compared to the other pretreatments and control. This increased performance of NH3 treated sample can be linked to the enhanced surface area of the composite, thereby improved adsorption and associated interaction with that of the analyte molecules at the electrodes. Further comparison of the electrode with that of commercial Dropsens electrodes provided the confirmation for the efficiency of the NH3/MWCNTs, thereby suggesting for the potentiality of applying the NH3 modified electrode towards electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulaiha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Chemistry Departments, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Chemistry Departments, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | | | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactant Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Nurulhaidah Daud
- MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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18
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Satayeva AR, Howell CA, Korobeinyk AV, Jandosov J, Inglezakis VJ, Mansurov ZA, Mikhalovsky SV. Investigation of rice husk derived activated carbon for removal of nitrate contamination from water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1237-1245. [PMID: 29554745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of porous carbons with high specific surface area (>1200mg-1) targeted at nitrate removal from aqueous solutions is investigated by chemical activation of carbonized rice husk. Potassium carbonate is used as activating and desilicating agent. The effect of post-synthetic treatment by gas phase ammoxidation with ozone/ammonia or oxidation with concentrated nitric acid followed by nitrification with urea on main physicochemical properties and on the effectiveness of the activated carbons in nitrate removal is compared with those determined for a pristine activated carbonized rice husk sample. The two-fold enhancement of nitrate removal by the urea-modified activated carbon in comparison with pristine and ammoxidated sample is in direct correlation with the development of surface basic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya R Satayeva
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Carol A Howell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - Alina V Korobeinyk
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; O.O. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Vassilis J Inglezakis
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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19
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Gaseous Nitric Acid Activated Graphite Felts as Hierarchical Metal-Free Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of H2S. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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21
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Iglesias D, Senokos E, Alemán B, Cabana L, Navío C, Marcilla R, Prato M, Vilatela JJ, Marchesan S. Gas-Phase Functionalization of Macroscopic Carbon Nanotube Fiber Assemblies: Reaction Control, Electrochemical Properties, and Use for Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5760-5770. [PMID: 29302960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into fibers (CNTFs) is a convenient approach to exploit and apply the unique physico-chemical properties of CNTs in many fields. CNT functionalization has been extensively used for its implementation into composites and devices. However, CNTF functionalization is still in its infancy because of the challenges associated with preservation of CNTF morphology. Here, we report a thorough study of the gas-phase functionalization of CNTF assemblies using ozone which was generated in situ from a UV source. In contrast with liquid-based oxidation methods, this gas-phase approach preserves CNTF morphology, while notably increasing its hydrophilicity. The functionalized material is thoroughly characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Its newly acquired hydrophilicity enables CNTF electrochemical characterization in aqueous media, which was not possible for the pristine material. Through comparison of electrochemical measurements in aqueous electrolytes and ionic liquids, we decouple the effects of functionalization on pseudocapacitive reactions and quantum capacitance. The functionalized CNTF assembly is successfully used as an active material and a current collector in all-solid supercapacitor flexible devices with an ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Iglesias
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Evgeny Senokos
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
- E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Energy Institute , Parque Tecnológico de Móstoles, Avda. De la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Alemán
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cabana
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Navío
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute , Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Marcilla
- IMDEA Energy Institute , Parque Tecnológico de Móstoles, Avda. De la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque , Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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22
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Tajik S, Nasernejad B, Rashidi A. Surface modification of silica-graphene nanohybrid as a novel stabilizer for oil-water emulsion. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Adsorption of anionic azo-dyes from aqueous solutions onto graphene oxide: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 496:188-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Xiong L, Shuai J, Hou Z, Zhu L, Li W. Functionalization of super-aligned carbon nanotube film using hydrogen peroxide solution and its application in copper electrodeposition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 498:405-412. [PMID: 28349883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to make super-aligned carbon nanotubes (SACNT) homogeneously spread in electrolytes, a swift and effective method was devised for surface functionalization of SACNT film by ohmic heating using hydrogen peroxide solution. Controllable generation of defects and notable graft of oxygen functional groups on the sidewall of SACNTs were induced as proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Differently from the harsh wet chemical oxidation, the super-aligned morphology and structural integrity of carbon nanotubes in the SACNT film were found to be well preserved by electron microscopy analysis. The functionalized treatment can remove extraneous material contaminating SACNT film and improve its conductivity. The grafting of polar ionizable groups has been proved to effectively eliminate the agglomeration of SACNTs. When the oxidized SACNT film was used as host material for electrodeposition of copper, the composite film of well-bonded SACNTs and Cu was successfully prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunqiao Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Shuai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zecheng Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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25
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Vasconcelos JM, Zen F, Stamatin SN, Behan JA, Colavita PE. Determination of surfaceζ-potential and isoelectric point of carbon surfaces using tracer particle suspensions. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Vasconcelos
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Federico Zen
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Serban N. Stamatin
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - James A. Behan
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Paula E. Colavita
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
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26
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Yarali M, Hao J, Khodadadi M, Brahmi H, Chen S, Hadjiev VG, Jung YJ, Mavrokefalos A. Physisorbed versus chemisorbed oxygen effect on thermoelectric properties of highly organized single walled carbon nanotube nanofilms. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of physisorbedvs.chemisorbed oxygen on highly organized single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) ultrathin films is investigated by correlating the thermoelectric properties measured by a suspended micro-device to the SWCNT structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Yarali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Ji Hao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
| | | | - Hatem Brahmi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH)
| | - Viktor G. Hadjiev
- Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH)
- Houston
- USA
| | - Yung Joon Jung
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
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27
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Kolanowska A, Kuziel A, Li Y, Jurczyk S, Boncel S. Rieche formylation of carbon nanotubes – one-step and versatile functionalization route. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the direct and one-step Rieche formylation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the most effective (4.00 mmol g−1) functionalization route via formylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolanowska
- Silesian University of Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Anna Kuziel
- Silesian University of Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Yuliu Li
- Silesian University of Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Sebastian Jurczyk
- Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes
- 87-100 Toruń
- Poland
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Silesian University of Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
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28
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Yasuda S, Hoshina S, Chiashi S, Maruyama S, Murakoshi K. Electronic structure characterization of an individual single-walled carbon nanotube by in situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19093-19098. [PMID: 27824188 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an electronic structural analysis of an individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) by employing electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). An isolated SWNT was supported on a well-defined Au nanodimer structure, which possesses a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) field at the nanogap, and highly intense SERS spectra were obtained for the SWNT at the gap region. The absolute potential of the Fermi level of the isolated SWNT in an ionic liquid was determined from the electrochemical potential dependence of the SERS intensity showing the dependence on the chirality of SWNTs. The electronic structural change in an isolated SWNT by ozone oxidation treatment was also analyzed. The results indicate that the electrochemical SERS technique is a powerful tool for detailed analysis of the electronic structure of isolated SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
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29
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Perets Y, Matzui L, Vovchenko L, Ovsiienko I, Yakovenko O, Lazarenko O, Zhuravkov A, Brusylovets O. Influence of Ultraviolet/Ozonolysis Treatment of Nanocarbon Filler on the Electrical Resistivity of Epoxy Composites. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:370. [PMID: 27550050 PMCID: PMC4993736 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated concentration and temperature dependences of electrical conductivity of graphite nanoplatelets/epoxy resin composites. The content of nanocarbon filler is varied from 0.01 to 0.05 volume fraction. Before incorporation into the epoxy resin, the graphite nanoplatelets were subjected to ultraviolet ozone treatment at 20-min ultraviolet exposure. The electric resistance of the samples was measured by two- or four-probe method and teraohmmeter E6-13. Several characterization techniques were employed to identify the mechanisms behind the improvements in the electrical properties, including SEM and FTIR spectrum analysis.It is established that the changes of the relative intensities of the bands in FTIR spectra indicate the destruction of the carboxyl group -COOH and group -OH. Electrical conductivity of composites has percolation character and graphite nanoplatelets (ultraviolet ozone treatment for 20 min) addition which leads to a decrease of percolation threshold 0.005 volume fraction and increase values of electrical conductivity (by 2-3 orders of magnitude) above the percolation threshold in comparison with composite materials-graphite nanoplatelets/epoxy resin. The changes of the value and behavior of temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of epoxy composites with ultraviolet/ozone-treated graphite nanoparticles have been analyzed within the model of effective electrical conductivity. The model takes into account the own electrical conductivity of the filler and the value of contact electric resistance between the filler particles of the formation of continuous conductive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Perets
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Lyudmila Matzui
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Vovchenko
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Irina Ovsiienko
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Olena Yakovenko
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandra Lazarenko
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Zhuravkov
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Brusylovets
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
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30
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Park CM, Chu KH, Her N, Jang M, Baalousha M, Heo J, Yoon Y. Occurrence and Removal of Engineered Nanoparticles in Drinking Water Treatment and Wastewater Treatment Processes. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2016.1260588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kyoung Hoon Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Namguk Her
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mohammed Baalousha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jiyong Heo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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31
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Jia C, Wang Q, Chen P, Yu Q, Li D. Aging behavior of dielectric barrier discharge-modified Twaron fibers in different storage environments. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites Manufacturing Technology; Shenyang Aerospace University; Shenyang China
| | - Qian Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites Manufacturing Technology; Shenyang Aerospace University; Shenyang China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education); Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Qi Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites Manufacturing Technology; Shenyang Aerospace University; Shenyang China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Research and Sales Department; Teijin Aramid Asia Co. Ltd.; Shanghai China
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32
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Kurnosov NV, Leontiev VS, Karachevtsev VA. Probing the Influence of Amino Acids on Photoluminescence from Carbon Nanotubes Suspended with DNA. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1951-1958. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Troester M, Brauch HJ, Hofmann T. Vulnerability of drinking water supplies to engineered nanoparticles. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:255-279. [PMID: 27060529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) inevitably leads to their release into aquatic environments, with the quantities involved expected to increase significantly in the future. Concerns therefore arise over the possibility that ENPs might pose a threat to drinking water supplies. Investigations into the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs are hampered by the absence of suitable analytical methods that are capable of detecting and quantifiying ENPs in complex aqueous matrices. Analytical data concerning the presence of ENPs in drinking water supplies is therefore scarce. The eventual fate of ENPs in the natural environment and in processes that are important for drinking water production are currently being investigated through laboratory based-experiments and modelling. Although the information obtained from these studies may not, as yet, be sufficient to allow comprehensive assessment of the complete life-cycle of ENPs, it does provide a valuable starting point for predicting the significance of ENPs to drinking water supplies. This review therefore addresses the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs. The risk of ENPs entering drinking water is discussed and predicted for drinking water produced from groundwater and from surface water. Our evaluation is based on reviewing published data concerning ENP production amounts and release patterns, the occurrence and behavior of ENPs in aquatic systems relevant for drinking water supply and ENP removability in drinking water purification processes. Quantitative predictions are made based on realistic high-input case scenarios. The results of our synthesis of current knowledge suggest that the risk probability of ENPs being present in surface water resources is generally limited, but that particular local conditions may increase the probability of raw water contamination by ENPs. Drinking water extracted from porous media aquifers are not generally considered to be prone to ENP contamination. In karstic aquifers, however, there is an increased probability that if any ENPs enter the groundwater system they will reach the extraction point of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The ability to remove ENPs during water treatment depends on the specific design of the treatment process. In conventional DWTPs with no flocculation step a proportion of ENPs, if present in the raw water, may reach the final drinking water. The use of ultrafiltration techniques improves drinking water safety with respect to ENP contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Troester
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Annese C, D'Accolti L, Armuzza V, Da Ros T, Fusco C. Epoxidation of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Organocatalytic Oxidation. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Oulton R, Haase JP, Kaalberg S, Redmond CT, Nalbandian MJ, Cwiertny DM. Hydroxyl radical formation during ozonation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: performance optimization and demonstration of a reactive CNT filter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3687-3697. [PMID: 25730285 DOI: 10.1021/es505430v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We explored factors influencing hydroxyl radical (•OH) formation during ozonation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and assessed this system's viability as a next-generation advanced oxidation process (AOP). Using standard reactivity metrics for ozone-based AOPs (RCT values), MWCNTs promoted •OH formation during ozonation to levels exceeding ozone (both alone and with activated carbon) and equivalent to ozone with hydrogen peroxide. MWCNTs oxidized with nitric acid exhibited vastly greater rates of ozone consumption and •OH formation relative to as-received MWCNTs. While some of this enhancement reflects their greater suspension stability, a strong correlation between RCT values and surface oxygen concentrations from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests that surface sites generated during MWCNT oxidation promote •OH exposure. Removal of several ozone-recalcitrant species [para-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA), atrazine, DEET, and ibuprofen] was not significantly inhibited in the presence of radical scavengers (humic acid, carbonate), in complex aquatic matrices (Iowa River water) and after 12 h of continuous exposure of MWCNTs to concentrated ozone solutions. As a proof-of-concept, oxidized MWCNTs deposited on a ceramic membrane chemically oxidized p-CBA in a flow through system, with removal increasing with influent ozone concentration and mass of deposited MWCNTs (in mg/cm2). This hybrid membrane platform, which integrates adsorption, oxidation, and filtration via an immobilized MWCNT layer, may serve as the basis for future novel nanomaterial-enabled technologies, although long-term performance trials under representative treatment scenarios remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Oulton
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jason P Haase
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- ‡Henry B. Tippie School of Management, University of Iowa, 108 Pappajohn Business Building, Suite 160, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sara Kaalberg
- §Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Connor T Redmond
- §Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Michael J Nalbandian
- ∥Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside A220 Bourns Hall, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David M Cwiertny
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- §Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Liu Y, Liggio J, Li SM, Breznan D, Vincent R, Thomson EM, Kumarathasan P, Das D, Abbatt J, Antiñolo M, Russell L. Chemical and toxicological evolution of carbon nanotubes during atmospherically relevant aging processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2806-14. [PMID: 25607982 DOI: 10.1021/es505298d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has received significant attention due to their usage in a wide range of commercial applications. While numerous studies exist on their impacts in water and soil ecosystems, there is a lack of information on the exposure to CNTs from the atmosphere. The transformation of CNTs in the atmosphere, resulting in their functionalization, may significantly alter their toxicity. In the current study, the chemical modification of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via ozone and OH radical oxidation is investigated through studies that simulate a range of expected tropospheric particulate matter (PM) lifetimes, in order to link their chemical evolution to toxicological changes. The results indicate that the oxidation favors carboxylic acid functionalization, but significantly less than other studies performed under nonatmospheric conditions. Despite evidence of functionalization, neither O3 nor OH radical oxidation resulted in a change in redox activity (potentially giving rise to oxidative stress) or in cytotoxic end points. Conversely, both the redox activity and cytotoxicity of SWCNTs significantly decreased when exposed to ambient urban air, likely due to the adsorption of organic carbon vapors. These results suggest that the effect of gas-particle partitioning of organics in the atmosphere on the toxicity of SWCNTs should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Liu
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada , 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
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Aumanen J, Johansson A, Herranen O, Myllyperkiö P, Pettersson M. Local photo-oxidation of individual single walled carbon nanotubes probed by femtosecond four wave mixing imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:209-16. [PMID: 25381806 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04026k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-oxidation of individual, air-suspended single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is studied by femtosecond laser spectroscopy and imaging. Individual SWCNTs are imaged by four wave mixing (FWM) microscopy under an inert gas (Ar or N2) atmosphere. When imaging is performed in an ambient air atmosphere, the decay of the FWM signal takes place. Electron microscopy shows that SWCNTs are not destroyed and the process is attributed to photoinduced oxidation reactions which proceed via a non-linear excitation mechanism, when irradiation is performed with ∼30 fs pulses in the visible spectral region (500-600 nm). Photo-oxidation can be localized in specific regions of SWCNTs within optical resolution (∼300 nm). The effect of photo-oxidation on Raman spectra was studied by irradiating a local spot on an individual SWCNT and comparing the spectra of irradiated and non-irradiated regions of the same tube. It is shown at an individual nanotube level that oxidation leads to a decrease of the intensity of the Raman signal and an upshift of the G-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Aumanen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
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Bayazit ŞS, İnci İ. Adsorption of Cu (II) ions from water by carbon nanotubes oxidized with UV-light and ultrasonication. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Brunet J, Pauly A, Dubois M, Rodriguez-Mendez M, Ndiaye A, Varenne C, Guérin K. Improved selectivity towards NO2 of phthalocyanine-based chemosensors by means of original indigo/nanocarbons hybrid material. Talanta 2014; 127:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Novak MA, Surwade S, Prokop J, Bolotin K, Hone J, Brus L, Nuckolls C, Liu H. Visualizing Individual Carbon Nanotubes with Optical Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8536-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503821s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Novak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sumedh Surwade
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jason Prokop
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kirill Bolotin
- Department
of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | | | | | | | - Haitao Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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42
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Li C, Shi G. Carbon nanotube-based fluorescence sensors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Pilgrim GA, Leadbetter JW, Qiu F, Siitonen AJ, Pilgrim SM, Krauss TD. Electron conductive and proton permeable vertically aligned carbon nanotube membranes. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1728-1733. [PMID: 24564862 DOI: 10.1021/nl403696y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of membranes hundreds of micrometers thick that demonstrate efficient electron conduction and proton transport through vertically aligned arrays of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NTs) impregnated by epoxy. Electrical transport was Ohmic with a conductivity of 495 mS cm(-1). Protons traversed the membrane through the NT bore with a current of 5.84 × 10(-6) A. Good electron and proton transport, chemical robustness, and simple fabrication suggest NT membranes have potential in artificial photosynthesis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Pilgrim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14620, United States
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44
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Tiwari AJ, Morris JR, Vejerano EP, Hochella MF, Marr LC. Oxidation of c60 aerosols by atmospherically relevant levels of o3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2706-2714. [PMID: 24517376 DOI: 10.1021/es4045693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric processing of carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNPs) may play an important role in determining their fate and environmental impacts. This work investigates the reaction between aerosolized C60 and atmospherically relevant mixing ratios of O3 at differing levels of humidity. Results indicate that C60 is oxidized by O3 and forms a variety of oxygen-containing functional groups on the aerosol surface, including C60O, C60O2, and C60O3. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate between C60 and O3 ranges from 9 × 10(-6) to 2 × 10(-5) s(-1). The reaction is likely to be limited to the aerosol surface. Exposure to O3 increases the oxidative stress exerted by the C60 aerosols as measured by the dichlorofluorescein acellular assay but not by the uric acid, ascorbic acid, glutathione, or dithiothreitol assays. The initial prevalence of C60O and C60O2 as intermediate products is enhanced at higher humidity, as is the surface oxygen content of the aerosols. These results show that C60 can be oxidized when exposed to O3 under ambient conditions, such as those found in environmental, laboratory, and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Tiwari
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, ‡Chemistry, and §Geosciences, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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45
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Vennerberg DC, Quirino RL, Jang Y, Kessler MR. Oxidation behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes fluidized with ozone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1835-1842. [PMID: 24422718 DOI: 10.1021/am4048305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were simultaneously fluidized and oxidized with gaseous ozone in a vertical reactor. Two different varieties of MWCNTs were compared to determine the versatility of the treatment and to elucidate the effect of defects on the oxidation behavior of MWCNTs. The extent of oxidation and nature of functional groups introduced on the nanotube surfaces were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Boehm titration, and structural changes were monitored with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After only a few minutes of treatment, nongraphitic impurities were removed from the MWCNTs, and significant levels of oxidation (∼8 atom % O) were achieved with very little damage to the nanotube sidewalls. Short O3 exposure resulted in primarily hydroxyl functionalities, whereas longer exposure led to the formation of mainly carboxylic acid groups. Aliphatic defects present in the commercially produced MWCNTs were found to play an important role in the oxidation mechanism. Because of its ability to remove impurities and to evenly oxidize the sidewalls of nanotubes without the use of any solvents, the fluidized O3 reaction developed in this study was found to be an attractive option for industrial-scale MWCNT functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny C Vennerberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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46
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Annese C, D'Accolti L, Giambastiani G, Mangone A, Milella A, Tuci G, Fusco C. Tunable Epoxidation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Isolated Methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Gao J, Loo YL. Effect of ozone exposure on the electrical characteristics of high-purity, large-diameter semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10861-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Presorted, semiconducting carbon nanotubes in the channels of field-effect transistors undergo simultaneous p-doping and oxidation during ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton, USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton, USA
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48
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Qu X, Alvarez PJJ, Li Q. Photochemical transformation of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes: role of reactive oxygen species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:14080-14088. [PMID: 24255932 DOI: 10.1021/es4033056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the photochemical transformation of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs), an important environmental process affecting their physicochemical characteristics and hence fate and transport. UVA irradiation removed carboxyl groups from COOH-MWCNT surface while creating other oxygen-containing functional groups with an overall decrease in total surface oxygen content. This was attributed to reactions with photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS). COOH-MWCNTs generated singlet oxygen ((1)O2) and hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) under UVA light, which exhibited different reactivity toward the COOH-MWCNT surface. Inhibition experiments that isolate the effects of (•)OH and (1)O2 as well as experiments using externally generated (•)OH and (1)O2 separately revealed that (•)OH played an important role in the photochemical transformation of COOH-MWCNTs under UVA irradiation. The Raman spectroscopy and surface functional group analysis results suggested that (•)OH initially reacted with the surface carboxylated carbonaceous fragments, resulting in their degradation or exfoliation. Further reaction between (•)OH and the graphitic sidewall led to formation of defects including functional groups and vacancies. These reactions reduced the surface potential and colloidal stability of COOH-MWCNTs, and are expected to reduce their mobility in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Qu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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49
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Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by carbon nanotubes oxidized different methods. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Li M, Hsieh TC, Doong RA, Huang C. Tuning the adsorption capability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to polar and non-polar organic compounds by surface oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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