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Miliordos E, Moore JL, Obisesan SV, Oppelt J, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Computational Analysis of the Superoxide Dismutase Mimicry Exhibited by a Zinc(II) Complex with a Redox-Active Organic Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1491-1500. [PMID: 38354404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we found that a Zn(II) complex with the redox-active ligand N-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (H2qp1) was able to act as a functional mimic of superoxide dismutase, despite its lack of a redox-active transition metal. As the complex catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to form O2 and H2O2, the quinol in the ligand is believed to cycle between three oxidation states: quinol, quinoxyl radical, and para-quinone. Although the metal is not the redox partner, it nonetheless is essential to the reactivity since the free ligand by itself is inactive as a catalyst. In the present work, we primarily use calculations to probe the mechanism. The calculations support the inner-sphere decomposition of superoxide, suggest that the quinol/quinoxyl radical couple accounts for most of the catalysis, and elucidate the many roles that proton transfer between the zinc complexes and buffer has in the reactivity. Acid/base reactions involving the nonmetal-coordinating hydroxyl group on the quinol are predicted to be key to lowering the energy of the intermediates. We prepared a Zn(II) complex with N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (Hpp1) that lacks this functional group and found that it could not catalyze the dismutation of superoxide; this confirms the importance of the second, distal hydroxyl group of the quinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Segun V Obisesan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Julian Oppelt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | - Christian R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. The Cellular and Organismal Effects of Nitroxides and Nitroxide-Containing Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1446. [PMID: 38338725 PMCID: PMC10855878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable free radicals that have antioxidant properties. They react with many types of radicals, including alkyl and peroxyl radicals. They act as mimics of superoxide dismutase and stimulate the catalase activity of hemoproteins. In some situations, they may exhibit pro-oxidant activity, mainly due to the formation of oxoammonium cations as products of their oxidation. In this review, the cellular effects of nitroxides and their effects in animal experiments and clinical trials are discussed, including the beneficial effects in various pathological situations involving oxidative stress, protective effects against UV and ionizing radiation, and prolongation of the life span of cancer-prone mice. Nitroxides were used as active components of various types of nanoparticles. The application of these nanoparticles in cellular and animal experiments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Bujak-Pietrek S, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski K, Gwozdzinski L. The Effect of Piperidine Nitroxides on the Properties of Metalloproteins in Human Red Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:6174. [PMID: 37630426 PMCID: PMC10459006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable, low molecular-weight radicals containing a nitroxide group that has an unpaired electron. The presence of a nitroxide group determines their redox properties. The effect of the piperidine nitroxides, Tempo, Tempol, and Tempamine, on metalloproteins (hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and lactate dehydrogenase in red blood cells was investigated in this research. In addition, the level of lipid peroxidation and the level of protein carbonyl groups were examined as indicators of the effect of oxidative stress. Nitroxides increased superoxide dismutase activity and oxidized hemoglobin to methemoglobin, and also slightly decreased the catalase activity of red blood cells treated with nitroxides. Tempol significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity. All three nitroxides had no effect on membrane lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Our results confirm that nitroxides have both antioxidant and prooxidative effects in human red blood cells. The piperidine nitroxides do not initiate the oxidation of proteins and lipids in the membranes of human red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bujak-Pietrek
- Department of Physical Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Lukasz Gwozdzinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Sharma VK, Manoli K, Ma X. Reactivity of nitrogen species with inorganic and organic compounds in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134911. [PMID: 35561761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many studies on the reactive nitrogen species (RNS, ●NO2, ●NO and ●NH2) with pollutants in water have been performed to understand the abatement of inorganic and organic compounds by these species, and the mechanisms of the formation of oxidative transformation products, especially nitrogenous oxidized byproducts. In this review, approaches to generate RNS in aqueous solution is first presented, followed by a summary of their reactivity with a wide range of compounds. The second-order rate constants (k, M-1 s-1) for the reactivity of ●NO2 and ●NO with a wide range of inorganic radical and nonradical species were correlated with thermodynamic one-electron oxidation potentials (E0). The positive correlation between log(k) versus E0 suggests one-electron transfer reactions. The Hammett-type correlations were developed for the reactions of ●NO2 and ●NH2 with organic compounds, using the unsubstituted benzene as a reference molecule (i.e., Σσo,p,m = 0) to calculate Σσo,p,m = σo + σp + σm for each organic molecule. Linear negative correlations of log(k) with Σσo,p,m were obtained for both ●NO2 and ●NH2, suggesting electrophilic substitution mechanism. The correlations presented herein may assist in eliminating organic micropollutants in water treatment and reuse processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xingmao Ma
- Zachery Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Cyclic Hydroxylamines as Monitors of Peroxynitrite and Superoxide-Revisited. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010040. [PMID: 35052544 PMCID: PMC8772899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a considerable need for methods that allow quantitative determination in vitro and in vivo of transient oxidative species such as peroxynitrite (ONOOH/ONOO-) and superoxide (HO2•/O2•-). Cyclic hydroxylamines, which upon oxidation yield their respective stable nitroxide radicals, have been suggested as spin probes of peroxynitrite and superoxide. The present study investigated this approach by following the kinetics of peroxynitrite decay in the absence and presence of various 5-membered and 6-membered ring hydroxylamines, and comparing the yield of their respective nitroxides using electron paramagnetic spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that hydroxylamines do not react directly with peroxynitrite, but are oxidized to their respective nitroxides by the radicals formed during peroxynitrite self-decomposition, namely •OH and •NO2. The accumulated nitroxides are far below their expected yield, had the hydroxylamines fully scavenged all these radicals, due to multiple competing reactions of the oxidized forms of the hydroxylamines with •NO2 and ONOO-. Therefore, cyclic hydroxylamines cannot be used for quantitative assay of peroxynitrite in vitro. The situation is even more complex in vivo where •OH and •NO2 are formed also via other oxidizing reactions systems. The present study also compared the yield of accumulated nitroxides under constant flux of superoxide in the presence of various cyclic hydroxylamines. It is demonstrated that certain 5-membered ring hydroxylamines, which their respective nitroxides are poor SOD-mimics, might be considered as stoichiometric monitors of superoxide in vitro at highest possible concentrations and pH.
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Dao NV, Ercole F, Li Y, Davis TP, Kaminskas LM, Sloan EK, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR. Nitroxide-functional PEGylated nanostars arrest cellular oxidative stress and exhibit preferential accumulation in co-cultured breast cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7805-7820. [PMID: 34586131 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The limited application of traditional antioxidants to reducing elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is potentially due to their lack of stability and biocompatibility when tested in a biological milieu. For instance, the poor biological antioxidant performance of small molecular nitroxides arises from their limited diffusion across cell membranes and their significant side effects when applied at high doses. Herein, we describe the use of nanostructured carriers to improve the antioxidant activity of a typical nitroxide derivative, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). Polymers with star-shaped structures were synthesised and were further conjugated to TEMPO moieties via amide linkages. The TEMPO-loaded stars have small hydrodynamic sizes (<20 nm), and are better tolerated by cells than free TEMPO in a breast cancer-fibroblast co-culture, a system exhibiting elevated ROS levels. At a well-tolerated concentration, the polymer with the highest TEMPO-loading capacity successfully downregulated ROS production in co-cultured cells (a significant decrease of up to 50% vs. basal ROS levels), which was accompanied by a specific reduction in superoxide anion generation in the mitochondria. In contrast, the equivalent concentration of free TEMPO did not achieve the same outcome. Further investigation showed that the TEMPO-conjugated star polymers can be recycled inside the cells, thus providing longer term scavenging activity. Cell association studies demonstrated that the polymers can be taken up by both cell types in the co-culture, and are found to co-locate with the mitochondria. Interestingly the stars exhibited preferential mitochodria targeting in the co-cultured cancer cells compared to accompanying fibroblasts. The data suggest the potential of TEMPO-conjugated star polymers to arrest oxidative stress for various applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V Dao
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Physical Chemistry and Physics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Francesca Ercole
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Division of Surgery, Melbournem, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - John F Quinn
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Australian Research Council - Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Dulov D, Levitskiy O, Bogdanov A, Magdesieva T. Redox‐Amphoteric 4,4’‐Dicyclopropyldiphenylnitroxyl Radical: Unexpectedly High Stability. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dulov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Levitskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Magdesieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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Vesković A, Nakarada Đ, Pavićević A, Prokić B, Perović M, Kanazir S, Popović-Bijelić A, Mojović M. In Vivo/Ex Vivo EPR Investigation of the Brain Redox Status and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:25-34. [PMID: 33761860 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210324121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and total brain atrophy. Despite the substantial scientific effort, the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in AD are currently unknown. In most studies, amyloid β peptide has been considered the key pathological change in AD. However, numerous Aβ-targeting treatments have failed in clinical trials. This implies the need to shift the research focus from Aβ to other pathological features of the disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in AD pathology, using a novel approach that involves the application of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. METHODS In vivo and ex vivo EPR spectroscopy using two spin probes (aminoxyl radicals) exhibiting different cell-membrane and BBB permeability were employed to assess BBB integrity and brain tissue redox status in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. In vivo spin probe reduction decay was analyzed using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Furthermore, 15 K EPR spectroscopy was employed to investigate the brain metal content. RESULTS This study has revealed an altered brain redox state, BBB breakdown, as well as ROS-mediated damage to mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters, and up-regulation of MnSOD in the 5xFAD model. CONCLUSION The EPR spin probes were shown to be excellent in vivo reporters of the 5xFAD neuronal tissue redox state, as well as the BBB integrity, indicating the importance of in vivo EPR spectroscopy application in preclinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vesković
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | | | - Bogomir Prokić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Milka Perović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | | | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
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Samuni A, Goldstein S. Hydroxylamines inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration: The role of their respective nitroxide radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:837-844. [PMID: 32866620 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, nitroxide antioxidants distribute within minutes throughout all tissues, but are reduced to their respective hydroxylamines due to the cellular reducing environment, which apparently limits their application. To distinguish their antioxidative activity from that of their respective nitroxides, the kinetics and mechanism of their inhibitory effect on the enzymatic oxidation and nitration of tyrosine have been studied. The inhibitory effect of the hydroxylamines on the oxidation and nitration of tyrosine induced by HRP/H2O2 and HRP/H2O2/nitrite was investigated by following the kinetics of the formation of their respective nitroxides, H2O2 decomposition, release of O2 and accumulation of tyrosine oxidation and nitration products. The distinction between the antioxidative activities of nitroxides and of their respective hydroxylamines is hindered due to oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides, which catalytically inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration. The results demonstrate that (i) hydroxylamines inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration and their inhibitory effect increases as the reduction potential of their respective nitroxides decreases; (ii) the 6-membered ring hydroxylamines are more effective antioxidants than the 5-membered hydroxylamine derived from 3-carbamoyl proxyl and (iii) the 6-membered ring hydroxylamines are as effective antioxidants as their respective nitroxides, whereas the 3-carbamoyl proxyl is even a weaker antioxidant than its respective hydroxylamine. In general, cyclic hydroxylamines are more effective antioxidants than common antioxidants such as ascorbic and uric acids, which are depleted giving rise to secondary radicals that, might be toxic. In the case of hydroxylamines, the secondary radicals are their respective nitroxides, which are efficient catalytic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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New synthetic route to 2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidin-4-one: A key-intermediate towards tetraethyl nitroxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Maimon E, Samuni A, Goldstein S. Mechanistic insight into the catalytic inhibition by nitroxides of tyrosine oxidation and nitration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129403. [PMID: 31356821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroxide antioxidants (RNO•) protect from injuries associated with oxidative stress. Tyrosine residues in proteins are major targets for oxidizing species giving rise to irreversible cross-linking and protein nitration, but the mechanisms underlying the protective activity of RNO• on these processes are not sufficiently clear. METHODS Tyrosine oxidation by the oxoammonium cation (RN+=O) was studied by following the kinetics of RNO• formation using EPR spectroscopy. Tyrosine oxidation and nitration were investigated using the peroxidase/H2O2 system without and with nitrite. The inhibitory effect of RNO• on these processes was studied by following the kinetics of the evolved O2 and accumulation of tyrosine oxidation and nitration products. RESULTS Tyrosine ion is readily oxidized by RN+=O, and the equilibrium constant of this reaction depends on RNO• structure and reduction potential. RNO• catalytically inhibits tyrosine oxidation and nitration since it scavenges both tyrosyl and •NO2 radicals while recycling through RN+=O reduction by H2O2, tyrosine and nitrite. The inhibitory effect of nitroxide on tyrosine oxidation and nitration increases as its reduction potential decreases where the 6-membered ring nitroxides are better catalysts than the 5-membered ones. CONCLUSIONS Nitroxides catalytically inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration. The proposed reaction mechanism adequately fits the results explaining the dependence of the nitroxide inhibitory effect on its reduction potential and on the concentrations of the reducing species present in the system. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Nitroxides protect against both oxidative and nitrative damage. The proposed reaction mechanism further emphasizes the role of the reducing environment to the efficacy of these catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev and Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Zakrzewski J, Huras B, Kiełczewska A, Krawczyk M, Hupko J, Jaszczuk K. Reactions of Nitroxides, Part 17. Synthesis, Fungistatic and Bacteriostatic Activity of Novel Five- and Six-Membered Nitroxyl Selenoureas and Selenocarbamates. Molecules 2019; 24:E2457. [PMID: 31277425 PMCID: PMC6650962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions of 3-isoselenocyanato-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl, 3-isoselenocyanatomethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl, and 4-isoselenocyanato-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl with selected amines and alcohols give the corresponding novel nitroxyl selenoureas and selenocarbamates, all bearing a nitroxyl moiety. Synthesized selenoureas and selenocarbamates show significant activity against pathogenic fungi and bacteria. In contrast to piperidine nitroxides, pyrrolidine, five-membered nitroxyl selenoureas and selenocarbamates show excellent antifungal and antibacterial activity against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Zakrzewski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bogumiła Huras
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kiełczewska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Krawczyk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Hupko
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaszczuk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
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Molecular Probes for Evaluation of Oxidative Stress by In Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging: State-of-the-Art and Limitations. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as a misbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defenses of the cell, appears as a critical factor either in the onset or in the etiology of many pathological conditions. Several methods of detection exist. However, they usually rely on ex vivo evaluation or reports on the status of living tissues only up to a few millimeters in depth, while a whole-body, real-time, non-invasive monitoring technique is required for early diagnosis or as an aid to therapy (to monitor the action of a drug). Methods based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in association with molecular probes based on aminoxyl radicals (nitroxides) or hydroxylamines especially, have emerged as very promising to meet these standards. The principles involve monitoring the rate of decrease or increase of the EPR signal in vivo after injection of the nitroxide or the hydroxylamine probe, respectively, in a pathological versus a control situation. There have been many successful applications in various rodent models. However, current limitations lie in both the field of the technical development of the spectrometers and the molecular probes. The scope of this review will mainly focus on the latter.
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Magdesieva TV, Levitskiy OA. Molecular design of stable diarylnitroxides. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to diarylnitroxides, which constitute an important type of organic radicals. These compounds are much less investigated than their alkyl counterparts. Meanwhile, they are of great interest, since they provide extensive opportunities for targeted structural modification and control of electronic properties of a molecule for a particular practical application. The existing trends of molecular design of stable diarylnitroxides and general approaches to their synthesis are discussed. Structural details and spin density distribution in diarylnitroxides are considered. Factors determining the stability of both the diarylnitroxide radicals and their oxidized and reduced forms and the redox properties of this class of organic radicals are addressed.
The bibliography includes 128 references.
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Nutting JE, Rafiee M, Stahl SS. Tetramethylpiperidine N-Oxyl (TEMPO), Phthalimide N-Oxyl (PINO), and Related N-Oxyl Species: Electrochemical Properties and Their Use in Electrocatalytic Reactions. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4834-4885. [PMID: 29707945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Oxyl compounds represent a diverse group of reagents that find widespread use as catalysts for the selective oxidation of organic molecules in both laboratory and industrial applications. While turnover of N-oxyl catalysts in oxidation reactions may be accomplished with a variety of stoichiometric oxidants, N-oxyl reagents have also been extensively used as catalysts under electrochemical conditions in the absence of chemical oxidants. Several classes of N-oxyl compounds undergo facile redox reactions at electrode surfaces, enabling them to mediate a wide range of electrosynthetic reactions. Electrochemical studies also provide insights into the structural properties and mechanisms of chemical and electrochemical catalysis by N-oxyl compounds. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic applications of aminoxyls, imidoxyls, and related reagents, of which the two prototypical and widely used examples are 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO) and phthalimide N-oxyl (PINO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Nutting
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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Maimon E, Samuni A, Goldstein S. Nitrogen Dioxide Reaction with Nitroxide Radical Derived from Hydroxamic Acids: The Intermediacy of Acyl Nitroso and Nitroxyl (HNO). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3747-3753. [PMID: 29608853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxamic acids (RC(O)NHOH) form a class of compounds that display interesting chemical and biological properties The chemistry of RC(O)NHOH) is associated with one- and two-electron oxidations forming the respective nitroxide radical (RC(O)NHO•) and acyl nitroso (RC(O)N═O), respectively, which are relatively unstable species. In the present study, the kinetics and mechanism of the •NO2 reaction with nitroxide radicals derived from acetohydroxamic acid, suberohydroxamic acid, benzohydroxamic acid, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid have been studied in alkaline solutions. Ionizing radiation was used to generate about equal yields of these radicals, demonstrating that the oxidation of the transient nitroxide radical by •NO2 produces HNO and nitrite at about equal yields. The rate constant of •NO2 reaction with the nitroxide radical derived from acetohydroxamic acid has been determined to be (2.5 ± 0.5) × 109 M-1 s-1. This reaction forms a transient intermediate absorbing at 314 nm, which decays via a first-order reaction whose rate increases upon increasing the pH or the hydroxamic acid concentration. Transient intermediates absorbing around 314 nm are also formed during the oxidation of hydroxamic acids by H2O2 catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. It is shown that HNO is formed during the decomposition of these intermediates, and therefore, they are assigned to acyl nitroso compounds. This study provides for the first time a direct spectrophotometric detection of acyl nitroso compounds in aqueous solutions allowing the study of their chemistry and reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada , Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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18
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Studying mechanism of radical reactions: From radiation to nitroxides as research tools. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Chami B, Jeong G, Varda A, Maw AM, Kim HB, Fong G, Simone M, Rayner B, Wang XS, Dennis J, Witting P. The nitroxide 4-methoxy TEMPO inhibits neutrophil-stimulated kinase activation in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 629:19-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Levitskiy OA, Eremin DB, Bogdanov AV, Magdesieva TV. Twisted Diarylnitroxides: An Efficient Route for Radical Stabilization. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Levitskiy
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Eremin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey V. Bogdanov
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Magdesieva
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
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21
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Samuni A, Maimon E, Goldstein S. Mechanism of HRP-catalyzed nitrite oxidation by H 2O 2 revisited: Effect of nitroxides on enzyme inactivation and its catalytic activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:832-839. [PMID: 28495446 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The peroxidative activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) undergoes progressive inactivation while catalyzing the oxidation of nitrite by H2O2. The extent of inactivation increases as the pH increases, [nitrite] decreases or [H2O2] increases, and is accompanied by a loss of the Soret peak of HRP along with yellow-greenish coloration of the solution. HRP-catalyzed nitrite oxidation by H2O2 involves not only the formation of compounds I and II as transient heme species, but also compound III, all of which in turn, oxidize nitrite yielding •NO2. The rate constant of nitrite oxidation by compound III is at least 10-fold higher than that by compound II, which is also reducible by •NO2 where its reduction by nitrite is the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle. The extent of the loss of the Soret peak of HRP is lower than the loss of its peroxidative activity implying that deterioration of the heme moiety leading to iron release only partially contributes toward heme inactivation. Cyclic stable nitroxide radicals, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl (TPO), 4-OH-TPO and 4-NH2-TPO at µM concentrations detoxify •NO2 thus protecting HRP against inactivation mediated by this radical. Hence, HRP inactivation proceeds via nitration of the porphyrin ring most probably through compound I reaction with •NO2, which partially leads to deterioration of the heme moiety. The nitroxide acts catalytically since its oxidation by •NO2 yields the respective oxoammonium cation, which is readily reduced back to the nitroxide by H2O2, superoxide ion radical, and nitrite. In addition, the nitroxide catalytically inhibits tyrosine nitration mediated by HRP/H2O2/nitrite reactions system as it efficiently competes with tyrosyl radical for •NO2. The inhibition by nitroxides of tyrosine nitration is demonstrated also in the case of microperoxidase (MP-11) and cytochrome c revealing an additional role played by nitroxide antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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22
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Stamenković S, Pavićević A, Mojović M, Popović-Bijelić A, Selaković V, Andjus P, Bačić G. In vivo EPR pharmacokinetic evaluation of the redox status and the blood brain barrier permeability in the SOD1 G93A ALS rat model. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:258-269. [PMID: 28366802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor pathways of the central nervous system. Although a number of pathophysiological mechanisms have been described in the disease, post mortem and animal model studies indicate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and elevated production of reactive oxygen species as major contributors to disease pathology. In this study, the BBB permeability and the brain tissue redox status of the SOD1G93A ALS rat model in the presymptomatic (preALS) and symptomatic (ALS) stages of the disease were investigated by in vivo EPR spectroscopy using three aminoxyl radicals with different cell membrane and BBB permeabilities, Tempol, 3-carbamoyl proxyl (3CP), and 3-carboxy proxyl (3CxP). Additionally, the redox status of the two brain regions previously implicated in disease pathology, brainstem and hippocampus, was investigated by spectrophotometric biochemical assays. The EPR results indicated that among the three spin probes, 3CP is the most suitable for reporting the intracellular redox status changes, as Tempol was reduced in vivo within minutes (t1/2 =2.0±0.5min), thus preventing reliable kinetic modeling, whereas 3CxP reduction kinetics gave divergent conclusions, most probably due to its membrane impermeability. It was observed that the reduction kinetics of 3CP in vivo, in the head of preALS and ALS SOD1G93A rats was altered compared to the controls. Pharmacokinetic modeling of 3CP reduction in vivo, revealed elevated tissue distribution and tissue reduction rate constants indicating an altered brain tissue redox status, and possibly BBB disruption in these animals. The preALS and ALS brain tissue homogenates also showed increased nitrilation, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation and manganese superoxide dismutase activity, and a decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity. The present study highlights in vivo EPR spectroscopy as a reliable tool for the investigation of changes in BBB permeability and for the unprecedented in vivo monitoring of the brain tissue redox status, as early markers of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stamenković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 3, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Pavićević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Selaković
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 3, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran Bačić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Maiocchi SL, Morris JC, Rees MD, Thomas SR. Regulation of the nitric oxide oxidase activity of myeloperoxidase by pharmacological agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:90-115. [PMID: 28344126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte-derived heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released extracellularly during inflammation and impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by directly oxidizing NO or producing NO-consuming substrate radicals. Here, structurally diverse pharmacological agents with activities as MPO substrates/inhibitors or antioxidants were screened for their effects on MPO NO oxidase activity in human plasma and physiological model systems containing endogenous MPO substrates/antioxidants (tyrosine, urate, ascorbate). Hydrazide-based irreversible/reversible MPO inhibitors (4-ABAH, isoniazid) or the sickle cell anaemia drug, hydroxyurea, all promoted MPO NO oxidase activity. This involved the capacity of NO to antagonize MPO inhibition by hydrazide-derived radicals and/or the ability of drug-derived radicals to stimulate MPO turnover thereby increasing NO consumption by MPO redox intermediates or NO-consuming radicals. In contrast, the mechanism-based irreversible MPO inhibitor 2-thioxanthine, potently inhibited MPO turnover and NO consumption. Although the phenolics acetaminophen and resveratrol initially increased MPO turnover and NO consumption, they limited the overall extent of NO loss by rapidly depleting H2O2 and promoting the formation of ascorbyl radicals, which inefficiently consume NO. The vitamin E analogue trolox inhibited MPO NO oxidase activity in ascorbate-depleted fluids by scavenging NO-consuming tyrosyl and urate radicals. Tempol and related nitroxides decreased NO consumption in ascorbate-replete fluids by scavenging MPO-derived ascorbyl radicals. Indoles or apocynin yielded marginal effects. Kinetic analyses rationalized differences in drug activities and identified criteria for the improved inhibition of MPO NO oxidase activity. This study reveals that widely used agents have important implications for MPO NO oxidase activity under physiological conditions, highlighting new pharmacological strategies for preserving NO bioavailability during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Maiocchi
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Rees
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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24
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Samuni A, Maimon E, Goldstein S. Nitroxides catalytically inhibit nitrite oxidation and heme inactivation induced by H 2O 2, nitrite and metmyoglobin or methemoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:491-499. [PMID: 27826125 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stable nitroxide radicals have multiple biological effects, although the mechanisms underlying them are not fully understood. Their protective effect against oxidative damage has been mainly attributed to scavenging deleterious radicals, oxidizing reduced metal ions and reducing oxyferryl centers of heme proteins. Yet, the potential of nitroxides to protect heme proteins against inactivation while suppressing or enhancing their catalytic activities has been largely overlooked. We have studied the effect of nitroxides, including TPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl), 4-OH-TPO, 4-oxo-TPO and 3-carbamoyl proxyl, on the peroxidase-like activity of metmyoglobin (MbFeIII) and methemoglobin (HbFeIII) using nitrite as an electron donor by following heme absorption, H2O2 consumption, O2 evolution and nitrite oxidation. The results demonstrate that the peroxidase-like activity is accompanied by a progressive heme inactivation where MbFeIII is far more resistant than HbFeIII. Nitroxides convert the peroxidase-like activity into catalase-like activity while inhibiting heme inactivation and nitrite oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The nitroxide facilitates H2O2 dismutation, yet none of its reactions with any of the intermediates formed in these systems is rate-determining, and therefore its effect on the rate of the catalysis is hardly dependent on the kind of the nitroxide derivative and its concentration. The nitroxide at µM concentrations range catalytically inhibits nitrite oxidation, and consequently prevents tyrosine nitration induced by heme protein/H2O2/nitrite due to its fast oxidation by •NO2 forming the respective oxoammonium cation, which is reduced back to the nitroxide by H2O2 and by superoxide radical. The nitroxides are superior over common antioxidants, which their reaction with •NO2 always yields secondary radicals leading eventually to consumption of the antioxidant. A mechanism is proposed, and the kinetic simulations fit very well the experimental data in the case of MbFeIII where most of the rate constants of the reactions involved are independently known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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25
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Javadov S, Jang S, Rodriguez-Reyes N, Rodriguez-Zayas AE, Soto Hernandez J, Krainz T, Wipf P, Frontera W. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant preserves contractile properties and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle in aged rats. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39469-81. [PMID: 26415224 PMCID: PMC4741839 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia associated with a loss of mass and activity of skeletal muscle. In addition to energy deprivation, increased mitochondrial ROS damage proteins and lipids in aged skeletal muscle. Therefore, prevention of mitochondrial ROS is important for potential therapeutic strategies to delay sarcopenia. This study elucidates the pharmacological efficiency of the new developed mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger, XJB-5-131 (XJB) to restore muscle contractility and mitochondrial function in aged skeletal muscle. Male adult (5-month old) and aged (29-month old) Fischer Brown Norway (F344/BN) rats were treated with XJB for four weeks and contractile properties of single skeletal muscle fibres and activity of mitochondrial ETC complexes were determined at the end of the treatment period. XJB-treated old rats showed higher muscle contractility associated with prevention of protein oxidation in both muscle homogenate and mitochondria compared with untreated counterparts. XJB-treated animals demonstrated a high activity of the respiratory complexes I, III, and IV with no changes in citrate synthase activity. These data demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS play a causal role in muscle weakness, and that a ROS scavenger specifically targeted to mitochondria can reverse age-related alterations of mitochondrial function and improve contractile properties in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - Ana E Rodriguez-Zayas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jessica Soto Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Tanja Krainz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter Frontera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Samuni U, Czapski G, Goldstein S. Nitroxide radicals as research tools: Elucidating the kinetics and mechanisms of catalase-like and "suicide inactivation" of metmyoglobin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1409-16. [PMID: 27062906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metmyoglobin (MbFe(III)) reaction with H(2)O(2) has been a subject of study over many years. H(2)O(2) alone promotes heme destruction frequently denoted "suicide inactivation," yet the mechanism underlying H(2)O(2) dismutation associated with MbFe(III) inactivation remains obscure. METHODS MbFe(III) reaction with excess H(2)O(2) in the absence and presence of the nitroxide was studied at pH 5.3-8.1 and 25°C by direct determination of reaction rate constants using rapid-mixing stopped-flow technique, by following H(2)O(2) depletion, O(2) evolution, spectral changes of the heme protein, and the fate of the nitroxide by EPR spectroscopy. RESULTS The rates of both H(2)O(2) dismutation and heme inactivation processes depend on [MbFe(III)], [H(2)O(2)] and pH. Yet the inactivation stoichiometry is independent of these variables and each MbFe(III) molecule catalyzes the dismutation of 50±10 H(2)O(2) molecules until it is inactivated. The nitroxide catalytically enhances the catalase-like activity of MbFe(III) while protecting the heme against inactivation. The rate-determining step in the absence and presence of the nitroxide is the reduction of MbFe(IV)O by H(2)O(2) and by nitroxide, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nitroxide effects on H(2)O(2) dismutation catalyzed by MbFe(III) demonstrate that MbFe(IV)O reduction by H(2)O(2) is the rate-determining step of this process. The proposed mechanism, which adequately fits the pro-catalytic and protective effects of the nitroxide, implies the intermediacy of a compound I-H(2)O(2) adduct, which decomposes to a MbFe(IV)O and an inactivated heme at a ratio of 25:1. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The effects of nitroxides are instrumental in elucidating the mechanism underlying the catalysis and inactivation routes of heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Samuni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Gideon Czapski
- The Accelerator Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- The Accelerator Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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27
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Hickey DP, Schiedler DA, Matanovic I, Doan PV, Atanassov P, Minteer SD, Sigman MS. Predicting Electrocatalytic Properties: Modeling Structure-Activity Relationships of Nitroxyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:16179-86. [PMID: 26635089 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stable nitroxyl radical-containing compounds, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives, are capable of electrocatalytically oxidizing a wide range of alcohols under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. Herein, we examine the structure-function relationships that determine the catalytic activity of a diverse range of water-soluble nitroxyl radical compounds. A strong correlation is described between the difference in the electrochemical oxidation potentials of a compound and its electrocatalytic activity. Additionally, we construct a simple computational model that is able to accurately predict the electrochemical potential and catalytic activity of a wide range of nitroxyl radical derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - David A Schiedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ivana Matanovic
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States.,Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Phuong Vy Doan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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28
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Bačić G, Pavićević A, Peyrot F. In vivo evaluation of different alterations of redox status by studying pharmacokinetics of nitroxides using magnetic resonance techniques. Redox Biol 2015; 8:226-42. [PMID: 26827126 PMCID: PMC4753396 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in various pathologies, injuries related to radiation, ischemia-reperfusion or ageing. Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to directly detect free radicals in vivo, but the redox status of the whole organism or particular organ can be studied in vivo by using magnetic resonance techniques (EPR and MRI) and paramagnetic stable free radicals - nitroxides. Here we review results obtained in vivo following the pharmacokinetics of nitroxides on experimental animals (and a few in humans) under various conditions. The focus was on conditions where the redox status has been altered by induced diseases or harmful agents, clearly demonstrating that various EPR/MRI/nitroxide combinations can reliably detect metabolically induced changes in the redox status of organs. These findings can improve our understanding of oxidative stress and provide a basis for studying the effectiveness of interventions aimed to modulate oxidative stress. Also, we anticipate that the in vivo EPR/MRI approach in studying the redox status can play a vital role in the clinical management of various pathologies in the years to come providing the development of adequate equipment and probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bačić
- EPR Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Pavićević
- EPR Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; ESPE of Paris, Paris Sorbonne Université, 75016 Paris, France
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Assayag M, Goldstein S, Samuni A, Berkman N. Cyclic nitroxide radicals attenuate inflammation and Hyper-responsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:148-56. [PMID: 26119784 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of stable cyclic nitroxide radicals have been extensively investigated both in vivo and in vitro demonstrating anti-inflammatory, radioprotective, anti-mutagenic, age-retardant, hypotensive, anti-cancer and anti-teratogenic activities. Yet, these stable radicals have not been evaluated in asthma and other airway inflammatory disorders. The present study investigated the effect of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl (TPL) and 3-carbamoyl-proxyl (3-CP) in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. Both 3-CP and TPL were non-toxic when administered either orally (1% w/w nitroxide-containing chow) or via intraperitoneal (IP) injection (∼300 mg/kg). Feeding the mice orally demonstrated that 3-CP was more effective than TPL in reducing inflammatory cell recruitment into the airway and in suppressing airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in OVA-challenged mice. To characterize the optimal time-window of intervention and mode of drug administration, 3-CP was given orally during allergen sensitization, during allergen challenge or during both sensitization and challenge stages, and via IP injection or intranasal instillation for 3 days during the challenge period. 3-CP given via all modes of delivery markedly inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation, expression of cytokines, AHR and protein nitration of the lung tissue. Oral administration during the entire experiment was the most efficient delivery of 3-CP and was more effective than dexamethasone a potent corticosteroid used for asthma treatment. Under a similar administration regimen (IP injection before the OVA challenge), the effect of 3-CP was similar to that of dexamethasone and even greater on AHR and protein nitration. The protective effect of the nitroxides, which preferentially react with free radicals, in suppressing the increase of main asthmatic inflammatory markers substantiate the key role played by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the molecular mechanism of asthma. The present results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of nitroxides for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Assayag
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Neville Berkman
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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30
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Escobales N, Nuñez RE, Jang S, Parodi-Rullan R, Ayala-Peña S, Sacher JR, Skoda EM, Wipf P, Frontera W, Javadov S. Mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger improves post-ischemic recovery of cardiac function and attenuates mitochondrial abnormalities in aged rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:136-46. [PMID: 25451170 PMCID: PMC4312194 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of aging and age-associated diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of XJB-5-131 (XJB), a mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger, on cardiac resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced oxidative stress in aged rats. Male adult (5-month old, n=17) and aged (29-month old, n=19) Fischer Brown Norway (F344/BN) rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: adult (A), adult+XJB (AX), aged (O), and aged+XJB (OX). XJB was administered 3 times per week (3mg/kg body weight, IP) for four weeks. At the end of the treatment period, cardiac function was continuously monitored in excised hearts using the Langendorff technique for 30 min, followed by 20 min of global ischemia, and 60-min reperfusion. XJB improved post-ischemic recovery of aged hearts, as evidenced by greater left ventricular developed-pressures and rate-pressure products than the untreated, aged-matched group. The state 3 respiration rates at complexes I, II and IV of mitochondria isolated from XJB-treated aged hearts were 57% (P<0.05), 25% (P<0.05) and 28% (P<0.05), respectively, higher than controls. Ca(2+)-induced swelling, an indicator of permeability transition pore opening, was reduced in the mitochondria of XJB-treated aged rats. In addition, XJB significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane as well as the total and mitochondrial ROS levels in cultured cardiomyocytes. This study underlines the importance of mitochondrial ROS in aging-induced cardiac dysfunction and suggests that targeting mitochondrial ROS may be an effective therapeutic approach to protect the aged heart against IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Escobales
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rebeca E Nuñez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rebecca Parodi-Rullan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sylvette Ayala-Peña
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Joshua R Sacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin M Skoda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter Frontera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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31
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Kavala M, Brezová V, Švorc L, Vihonská Z, Olejníková P, Moncol J, Kožíšek J, Herich P, Szolcsányi P. Synthesis, physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of mono-/dinitroxyl amides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4491-502. [PMID: 24849262 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00302k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two comparative sets of mono-/dinitroxyl amides were designed and prepared. The novel TEMPO and/or PROXYL derivatives were fully characterised and their spin, redox and antimicrobial properties were determined. Cyclic voltammetry revealed (quasi)reversible redox behavior for most of the studied radicals. Moreover, the electron-withdrawing substituents increased the oxidation potential of nitroxides in comparison to electron-donating groups. While EPR spectra of monoradicals featured the typical three-line signal, the spectra of biradicals showed more complex splitting patterns. The in vitro biological assay revealed that unlike pyrrolidinyl derivatives, the piperidinyl nitroxides significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kavala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Marenich AV, Ho J, Coote ML, Cramer CJ, Truhlar DG. Computational electrochemistry: prediction of liquid-phase reduction potentials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15068-106. [PMID: 24958074 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01572j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent developments and applications in the area of computational electrochemistry. Our focus is on predicting the reduction potentials of electron transfer and other electrochemical reactions and half-reactions in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. Topics covered include various computational protocols that combine quantum mechanical electronic structure methods (such as density functional theory) with implicit-solvent models, explicit-solvent protocols that employ Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics simulations (for example, Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics using the grand canonical ensemble formalism), and the Marcus theory of electronic charge transfer. We also review computational approaches based on empirical relationships between molecular and electronic structure and electron transfer reactivity. The scope of the implicit-solvent protocols is emphasized, and the present status of the theory and future directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Marenich
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA.
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Yadav R, Samuni Y, Abramson A, Zeltser R, Casap N, Kabiraj TK, L Banach M, Samuni U. Pro-oxidative synergic bactericidal effect of NO: kinetics and inhibition by nitroxides. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:248-54. [PMID: 24140438 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
NO plays diverse roles in physiological and pathological processes, occasionally resulting in opposing effects, particularly in cells subjected to oxidative stress. NO mostly protects eukaryotes against oxidative injury, but was demonstrated to kill prokaryotes synergistically with H2O2. This could be a promising therapeutic avenue. However, recent conflicting findings were reported describing dramatic protective activity of NO. The previous studies of NO effects on prokaryotes applied a transient oxidative stress while arbitrarily checking the residual bacterial viability after 30 or 60min and ignoring the process kinetics. If NO-induced synergy and the oxidative stress are time-dependent, the elucidation of the cell killing kinetics is essential, particularly for survival curves exhibiting a "shoulder" sometimes reflecting sublethal damage as in the linear-quadratic survival models. We studied the kinetics of NO synergic effects on H2O2-induced killing of microbial pathogens. A synergic pro-oxidative activity toward gram-negative and gram-positive cells is demonstrated even at sub-μM/min flux of NO. For certain strains, the synergic effect progressively increased with the duration of cell exposure, and the linear-quadratic survival model best fit the observed survival data. In contrast to the failure of SOD to affect the bactericidal process, nitroxide SOD mimics abrogated the pro-oxidative synergy of NO/H2O2. These cell-permeative antioxidants, which hardly react with diamagnetic species and react neither with NO nor with H2O2, can detoxify redox-active transition metals and catalytically remove intracellular superoxide and nitrogen-derived reactive species such as (•)NO2 or peroxynitrite. The possible mechanism underlying the bactericidal NO synergy under oxidative stress and the potential therapeutic gain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Yuval Samuni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel; School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Alex Abramson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Rephael Zeltser
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nardi Casap
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tonmoy K Kabiraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Maureen L Banach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Uri Samuni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Tikhonov IV, Sen' VD, Borodin LI, Pliss EM, Golubev VA, Rusakov AI. Effect of the structure of nitroxyl radicals on the kinetics of their acid-catalyzed disproportionation. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily D. Sen'
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Chernogolovka Moscow Region Russia
| | | | | | - Valery A. Golubev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Chernogolovka Moscow Region Russia
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Bertera FM, Santa-Cruz DM, Balestrasse KB, Gorzalczany SB, Höcht C, Taira CA, Polizio AH. Tempol-nebivolol therapy potentiates hypotensive effect increasing NO bioavailability and signaling pathway. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:109-18. [PMID: 24074298 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.845294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nebivolol is a third generation beta blocker with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) agonist properties. Considering the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the uncoupling of eNOS, we hypothesized that the preadministration of an antioxidant as tempol, could improve the hypotensive response of nebivolol in normotensive animals increasing the nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by a reduction of superoxide (O2(•-)) basal level production in the vascular tissue. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given tap water to drink (control group) or tempol (an antioxidant scavenger of superoxide) for 1 week. After 1 week, Nebivolol, at a dose of 3 mg/kg, was injected intravenously to the control group or to the tempol-treated group. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure variability were evaluated in the control, tempol, nebivolol, and tempol nebivolol groups, as well as, the effect of different inhibitor as Nβ-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a Nitric oxide synthase blocker) or glybenclamide, a KATP channel inhibitor. Also, the expression of α,β soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), phospho-eNOS, and phospho-vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (P-VASP) were evaluated by Western Blot and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kit assay. We showed that pretreatment with tempol in normotensive rats produces a hypotensive response after nebivolol administration through an increase in the NO bioavailability and sGC, improving the NO/cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway compared to that of the nebivolol group. We demonstrated that tempol preadministration beneficiates the response of a third-generation beta blocker with eNOS stimulation properties, decreasing the basal uncoupling of eNOS, and improving NO bioavailability. Our results clearly open a possible new strategy therapeutic for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Bertera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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36
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Takeshita K, Okazaki S, Itoda A. Nitroxyl Radicals Remarkably Enhanced the Superoxide Anion Radical-Induced Chemiluminescence of Cypridina Luciferin Analogues. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6833-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401002v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takeshita
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda,
Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shoko Okazaki
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda,
Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Akiko Itoda
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda,
Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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37
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Kavala M, Boča R, Dlháň L, Brezová V, Breza M, Kožíšek J, Fronc M, Herich P, Švorc L, Szolcsányi P. Preparation and Spectroscopic, Magnetic, and Electrochemical Studies of Mono-/Biradical TEMPO Derivatives. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6558-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400845m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kavala
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Boča
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Dlháň
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Breza
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kožíšek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Fronc
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Herich
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Švorc
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Szolcsányi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Yamasaki T, Matsuoka Y, Mito F, Yamato M, Yamada KI. Redox Potential of Nitroxides is an Index to Evaluate Superoxide Dismutase Mimic Activity. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pattison DI, Lam M, Shinde SS, Anderson RF, Davies MJ. The nitroxide TEMPO is an efficient scavenger of protein radicals: cellular and kinetic studies. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1664-74. [PMID: 22974763 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein oxidation occurs during multiple human pathologies, and protein radicals are known to induce damage to other cell components. Such damage may be modulated by agents that scavenge protein radicals. In this study, the potential protective reactions of the nitroxide TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl radical) against Tyr- and Trp-derived radicals (TyrO./TrpN.) have been investigated. Pretreatment of macrophage cells with TEMPO provided protection against photo-oxidation-induced loss of cell viability and Tyr oxidation, with the nitroxide more effective than the hydroxylamine or parent amine. Pulse radiolysis was employed to determine rate constants, k, for the reaction of TEMPO with TyrO. and TrpN. generated on N-Ac-Tyr-amide and N-Ac-Trp-amide, with values of k~10(8) and 7×10(6)M(-1)s(-1), respectively, determined. Analogous studies with lysozyme, chymotrypsin, and pepsin yielded k for TEMPO reacting with TrpN. ranging from 1.5×10(7) (lysozyme) to 1.1×10(8) (pepsin)M(-1)s(-1). Pepsin-derived TyrO. reacted with TEMPO with k~4×10(7)M(-1)s(-1); analogous reactions for lysozyme and chymotrypsin TyrO. were much slower. These data indicate that TEMPO can inhibit secondary reactions of both TyrO. and TrpN., though this is protein dependent. Such protein radical scavenging may contribute to the positive biological effects of nitroxides.
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Tovmasyan A, Sheng H, Weitner T, Arulpragasam A, Lu M, Warner DS, Vujaskovic Z, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I. Design, mechanism of action, bioavailability and therapeutic effects of mn porphyrin-based redox modulators. Med Princ Pract 2012; 22:103-30. [PMID: 23075911 PMCID: PMC3640855 DOI: 10.1159/000341715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on aqueous redox chemistry and simple in vivo models of oxidative stress, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cationic Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrins (MnPs) have been identified as the most potent cellular redox modulators within the porphyrin class of drugs; their efficacy in animal models of diseases that have oxidative stress in common is based on their high ability to catalytically remove superoxide, peroxynitrite, carbonate anion radical, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, lipid peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals, thus suppressing the primary oxidative event. While doing so MnPs could couple with cellular reductants and redox-active proteins. Reactive species are widely accepted as regulators of cellular transcriptional activity: minute, nanomolar levels are essential for normal cell function, while submicromolar or micromolar levels impose oxidative stress, which is evidenced in increased inflammatory and immune responses. By removing reactive species, MnPs affect redox-based cellular transcriptional activity and consequently secondary oxidative stress, and in turn inflammatory processes. The equal ability to reduce and oxidize superoxide during the dismutation process and recently accumulated results suggest that pro-oxidative actions of MnPs may also contribute to their therapeutic effects. All our data identify the superoxide dismutase-like activity, estimated by log k(cat)O2-*), as a good measure for the therapeutic efficacy of MnPs. Their accumulation in mitochondria and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier contribute to their remarkable efficacy. We summarize herein the therapeutic effects of MnPs in cancer, central nervous system injuries, diabetes, their radioprotective action and potential for imaging. Few of the most potent modulators of cellular redox-based pathways, MnTE2-PyP5+, MnTDE-2-ImP5+, MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, are under preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, N.C., USA
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, N.C., USA
- Department of Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories,
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., USA
| | - Tin Weitner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, N.C., USA
| | - Amanda Arulpragasam
- Department of Duke University Neuroscience Undergraduate
Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., USA
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, N.C., USA
- Department of Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories,
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., USA
- Department of Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - David S. Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, N.C., USA
- Department of Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories,
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., USA
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, N.C., USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
N.C., USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, N.C., USA
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Kleschyov AL, Sen' V, Golubev V, Münnemann K, Hinderberger D, Lackner KJ, Weber S, Terekhov M, Schreiber LM, Münzel T. Heparin-polynitroxides: synthesis and preliminary evaluation as cardiovascular EPR/MR imaging probes and extracellular space-targeted antioxidants. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:265-71. [PMID: 23127990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of heparin-polynitroxide derivatives (HPNs) in which nitroxide moieties are linked either to uronic acid or glycosamine residues of the heparin macromolecule. HPNs have low anticoagulant activity, possess superoxide scavenging properties, bind to the vascular endothelium/extra-cellular matrix and can be detected by EPR and MRI techniques. As the vascular wall-targeted redox-active paramagnetic compounds, HPNs may have both diagnostic (molecular MRI) and therapeutic (ecSOD mimics) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kleschyov
- Second Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany.
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Gryn'ova G, Barakat JM, Blinco JP, Bottle SE, Coote ML. Computational Design of Cyclic Nitroxides as Efficient Redox Mediators for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemistry 2012; 18:7582-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kálai T, Borza E, Antus C, Radnai B, Gulyás-Fekete G, Fehér A, Sümegi B, Hideg K. Synthesis and study of new paramagnetic resveratrol analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7311-7. [PMID: 22088309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
New resveratrol analogues containing five- and six-membered nitroxides and isoindoline nitroxides were synthesized. These new compounds were compared to resveratrol based on their ABTS radical scavenging ability as well on their capacity to suppress inflammatory process in macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides. The ABTS and ROS scavenging activities of new molecules were the same or weaker than that of resveratrol, but some of paramagnetic resveratrol derivatives suppressed nitrite and TNFα production more efficiently than resveratrol. Based on these results the new nitroxide and phenol containing hybrid molecules can be considered as new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kálai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7602 Pécs, PO Box 99, Hungary
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Davis RM, Mitchell JB, Krishna MC. Nitroxides as cancer imaging agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2011; 11:347-58. [PMID: 21434855 DOI: 10.2174/187152011795677526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxides are low molecular weight (150-400 Da) superoxide dismutase mimics that exhibit antioxidant, radical scavenging, and radioprotective activity. Additionally, the paramagnetic nature of nitroxides makes them viable as both spin probes for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging as well as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. These imaging techniques enable in vivo monitoring of nitroxide metabolism. In biological systems, nitroxide metabolism occurs predominantly via reduction of the nitroxide to a hydroxylamine. The rate of nitroxide reduction can increase or decrease due to either oxidative stress, suggesting that nitroxides can provide an imaging-based assay of tissue redox status. The current review briefly summarizes the potential clinical applications of nitroxides, and focuses on the biochemical and tumor microenvironmental factors that affect the rate of nitroxide reduction. The potential therapeutic applications and bio-reduction mechanisms are discussed in the context of their relevance to oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Davis
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Inhibition of the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase by tempol: revisiting the kinetics and mechanisms. Biochem J 2011; 439:423-31. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nitroxide tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl) reduces tissue injury in animal models of inflammation by mechanisms that are not completely understood. MPO (myeloperoxidase), which plays a fundamental role in oxidant production by neutrophils, is an important target for anti-inflammatory action. By amplifying the oxidative potential of H2O2, MPO produces hypochlorous acid and radicals through the oxidizing intermediates MPO-I [MPO-porphyrin•+-Fe(IV)=O] and MPO-II [MPO-porphyrin-Fe(IV)=O]. Previously, we reported that tempol reacts with MPO-I and MPO-II with second-order rate constants similar to those of tyrosine. However, we noticed that tempol inhibits the chlorinating activity of MPO, in contrast with tyrosine. Thus we studied the inhibition of MPO-mediated taurine chlorination by tempol at pH 7.4 and re-determined the kinetic constants of the reactions of tempol with MPO-I (k=3.5×105 M−1·s−1) and MPO-II, the kinetics of which indicated a binding interaction (K=2.0×10−5 M; k=3.6×10−2 s−1). Also, we showed that tempol reacts extremely slowly with hypochlorous acid (k=0.29 and 0.054 M−1·s−1 at pH 5.4 and 7.4 respectively). The results demonstrated that tempol acts mostly as a reversible inhibitor of MPO by trapping it as MPO-II and the MPO-II–tempol complex, which are not within the chlorinating cycle. After turnover, a minor fraction of MPO is irreversibly inactivated, probably due to its reaction with the oxammonium cation resulting from tempol oxidation. Kinetic modelling indicated that taurine reacts with enzyme-bound hypochlorous acid. Our investigation complements a comprehensive study reported while the present study was underway [Rees, Bottle, Fairfull-Smith, Malle, Whitelock and Davies (2009) Biochem. J. 421, 79–86].
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Rajca A, Shiraishi K, Boratyński PJ, Pink M, Miyasaka M, Rajca S. Oxidation of Annelated Diarylamines: Analysis of Reaction Pathways to Nitroxide Diradical and Spirocyclic Products. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8447-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2017923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Kouichi Shiraishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | | | - Maren Pink
- IUMSC, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Makoto Miyasaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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Batinić-Haberle I, Rebouças JS, Spasojević I. Superoxide dismutase mimics: chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:877-918. [PMID: 20095865 PMCID: PMC2935339 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has become widely viewed as an underlying condition in a number of diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion disorders, central nervous system disorders, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, and diabetes. Thus, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been actively sought. Superoxide dismutase is a first line of defense against oxidative stress under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, the development of therapeutics aimed at mimicking superoxide dismutase was a natural maneuver. Metalloporphyrins, as well as Mn cyclic polyamines, Mn salen derivatives and nitroxides were all originally developed as SOD mimics. The same thermodynamic and electrostatic properties that make them potent SOD mimics may allow them to reduce other reactive species such as peroxynitrite, peroxynitrite-derived CO(3)(*-), peroxyl radical, and less efficiently H(2)O(2). By doing so SOD mimics can decrease both primary and secondary oxidative events, the latter arising from the inhibition of cellular transcriptional activity. To better judge the therapeutic potential and the advantage of one over the other type of compound, comparative studies of different classes of drugs in the same cellular and/or animal models are needed. We here provide a comprehensive overview of the chemical properties and some in vivo effects observed with various classes of compounds with a special emphasis on porphyrin-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinić-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Reactive nitroxidative species and nociceptive processing: determining the roles for nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite in pain. Amino Acids 2010; 42:75-94. [PMID: 20552384 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a multidimensional perception and is modified at distinct regions of the neuroaxis. During enhanced pain, neuroplastic changes occur in the spinal and supraspinal nociceptive modulating centers and may result in a hypersensitive state termed central sensitization, which is thought to contribute to chronic pain states. Central sensitization culminates in hyperexcitability of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons resulting in increased nociceptive transmission and pain perception. This state is associated with enhanced nociceptive signaling, spinal glutamate-mediated N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor activation, neuroimmune activation, nitroxidative stress, and supraspinal descending facilitation. The nitroxidative species considered for their role in nociception and central sensitization include nitric oxide (NO), superoxide ([Formula: see text]), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Nitroxidative species are implicated during persistent but not normal nociceptive processing. This review examines the role of nitroxidative species in pain through a discussion of their contributions to central sensitization and the underlying mechanisms. Future directions for nitroxidative pain research are also addressed. As more selective pharmacologic agents are developed to target nitroxidative species, the exact role of nitroxidative species in pain states will be better characterized and should offer promising alternatives to available pain management options.
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Radford RJ, Lim MD, Silva RSD, Ford PC. Photochemical cleavage of nitrate ion coordinated to a Cr(III) porphyrin. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.492217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Radford
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , CA 93106-9510, USA
| | - Mark D. Lim
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , CA 93106-9510, USA
| | - Roberto Santana Da Silva
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , CA 93106-9510, USA
- b Departamento de Química da, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de , Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto , USP, Brazil
| | - Peter C. Ford
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , CA 93106-9510, USA
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Gauter-Fleckenstein B, Fleckenstein K, Owzar K, Jiang C, Julio R, Batinic-Haberle I, Vujaskovic Z. Early and late administration of MnTE-2-PyP5+ in mitigation and treatment of radiation-induced lung damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1034-43. [PMID: 20096348 PMCID: PMC3704177 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is an underlying mechanism of irradiation (IR)-induced lung injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum time of delivery of an antioxidant and redox-modulating Mn porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP(5+), to mitigate and/or treat IR-induced lung damage. Female Fischer-344 rats were irradiated to their right hemithorax (28 Gy). Irradiated animals were treated with PBS or MnTE-2-PyP(5+) (6 mg /kg/24 h) delivered for 2 weeks by sc-implanted osmotic pumps (beginning after 2, 6, 12, 24, or 72 h or 8 weeks). Animals were sacrificed 10 weeks post-IR. Endpoints were body weight, breathing frequency, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (8-OHdG, ED-1, TGF-beta, HIF-1alpha, VEGF A). A significant radioprotective effect on functional injury, measured by breathing frequency, was observed for all animals treated with MnTE-2-PyP(5+). Treatment with MnTE-2-PyP(5+) starting 2, 6, and 12 h but not after 24 or 72 h resulted in a significant decrease in immunostaining for 8-OHdG, HIF-1alpha, TGF-beta, and VEGF A. A significant decrease in HIF-1alpha, TGF-beta, and VEGF A, as well as an overall reduction in lung damage (histopathology), was observed in animals beginning treatment at the time of fully developed lung injury (8 weeks post-IR). The catalytic manganese porphyrin antioxidant and modulator of redox-based signaling pathways MnTE-2-PyP(5+) mitigates radiation-induced lung injury when given within the first 12 h after IR. More importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate that MnTE-2-PyP(5+) can reverse overall lung damage when started at the time of established lung injury 8 weeks post-IR. The radioprotective effects are presumably mediated through its ability both to suppress oxidative stress and to decrease activation of key transcription factors and proangiogenic and profibrogenic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gauter-Fleckenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Mannheim Medical Center, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Fleckenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mannheim Medical Center, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Core, RadCCORE, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Chen Jiang
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Core, RadCCORE, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Reboucas Julio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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