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Li X, Yao Y, Zhao M, Yang J, Shi Y, Yu H, Cheng Z, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang L, Sun H. Nontarget Identification of Novel Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Rainfall Runoffs and Agricultural Soils around a Plastic Recycling Industrial Park. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12794-12805. [PMID: 37579047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic recycling and reprocessing activities may release organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers into the surrounding environment. However, the relevant contamination profiles and impacts remain not well studied. This study investigated the occurrence of 28 OPEs and their metabolites (mOPEs) in rainfall runoffs and agricultural soils around one of the largest plastic recycling industrial parks in North China and identified novel organophosphorus compounds (NOPs) using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based nontarget analysis. Twenty and twenty-seven OPEs were detected in runoff water and soil samples, with total concentrations of 86.0-2491 ng/L and 2.53-199 ng/g dw, respectively. Thirteen NOPs were identified, of which eight were reported in the environment for the first time, including a chlorine-containing OPE, an organophosphorus heterocycle, a phosphite, three novel OPE metabolites, and two oligomers. Triphenylphosphine oxide and diphenylphosphinic acid occurred ubiquitously in runoffs and soils, with concentrations up to 390 ng/L and 40.2 ng/g dw, respectively. The downwind areas of the industrial park showed elevated levels of OPEs and NOPs. The contribution of hydroxylated mOPEs was higher in soils than in runoffs. These findings suggest that plastic recycling and reprocessing activities are significant sources of OPEs and NOPs and that biotransformation may further increase the ecological and human exposure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Maosen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ji Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Gao M, Li Y, Zhao L, Yao Y, Chen H, Wang L, Sun H. Organophosphite Antioxidants and Novel Organophosphate Esters in Dust from China: Large-Scale Distribution and Heterogeneous Phototransformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4187-4198. [PMID: 36848063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale survey was conducted by measuring five organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs) and three novel organophosphate esters (NOPEs) in 139 dust samples across China. The median summed concentrations of OPAs and NOPEs in outdoor dust were 33.8 ng/g (range: 0.12-53,400 ng/g) and 7990 ng/g (2390-27,600 ng/g), respectively. The dust concentrations of OPAs associated with the increasing economic development and population density from western to eastern China, whereas the NOPE concentration in Northeast China (median, 11,900 ng/g; range, 4360-16,400 ng/g) was the highest. Geographically, the distribution of NOPEs was significantly associated with annual sunshine duration and precipitation at each sampling site. Results of laboratory experiments further revealed that the simulated sunlight irradiation promoted the heterogeneous phototransformation of OPAs in dust, and this process was accelerated with the existence of reactive oxygen species and enhanced relative humidity. Importantly, during this phototransformation, the hydroxylated, hydrolyzed, dealkylated, and methylated products, e.g., bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) methyl phosphate, were identified by nontargeted analysis, part of which were estimated to be more toxic than their parent compounds. The heterogeneous phototransformation pathway of OPAs was suggested accordingly. For the first time, the large-scale distribution of OPAs and NOPEs and the phototransformation of these "new chemicals" in dust were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Zeng Y, Chen SJ, Liang YH, Zhu CY, Liu Z, Guan YF, Ma HM, Mai BX. Traditional and novel organophosphate esters (OPEs) in PM 2.5 of a megacity, southern China: Spatioseasonal variations, sources, and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117208. [PMID: 33930779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, whereas their atmospheric processes and fate are poorly understood. The present study revealed the spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variations of traditional and novel OPEs in PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameters < 2.5 μm) across a megacity (including residential areas and potential source sites) in South China. Potential influencing factors on the contamination levels of OPEs were addressed. The total concentrations of 11 traditional OPEs ranging from 262 to 42,194 pg/m3 (median = 1872 pg/m3) were substantially higher than those of 10 novel OPEs (33.5-3835 pg/m3, median = 318 pg/m3). Significant spatial and temporal variations in the concentrations of most OPEs were observed. The overall district-specific contamination levels in this city showed dependence on the secondary industry sector for non-predominant OPEs and on the tertiary industry for predominant OPEs. The seasonal variations of the OPE concentrations suggest difference in their sources or influence of meteorological conditions. The correlations between the individual OPEs in PM2.5 are determined largely by either their applications or physicochemical properties (in particular vapor pressure). The correlations between OPE concentrations and each meteorological factor (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and surface solar radiation) were inconsistent (positive and negative). Wind speed had the greatest effect on the OPE levels; While most OPEs bound to PM2.5 were not efficiently scavenged by below-cloud rainfall. The results suggest that atmospheric half-life and Henry's Law Constant of OPEs are also determining factors for the wind speed and rainfall influence, respectively. However, mechanisms underlying the influence of meteorological conditions on atmospheric OPEs still need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - She-Jun Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yao-Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chun-You Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Feng Guan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Holtomo O, Mbigah MD, Nsangou M, Motapon O. Insight of UV-vis spectra and atmospheric implication for the reaction of ˙OH radical towards glyphosate herbicide and its hydrates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16404-16418. [PMID: 35479155 PMCID: PMC9030808 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate constant of the reactions of ˙OH radicals with glyphosate (GPS) and its hydrates (GPS(H2O)n=1–3) were evaluated using the dual method M06-2X/6-311++G(df,p)//6-31+G(df,p) over the temperature range of 200–400 K. The results served to estimate the atmospheric lifetime along with the photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). The calculations yielded an atmospheric lifetime of 2.34 hours and a POCP of 24.7 for GPS. Upon addition of water molecules, there is an increase of lifetime and decrease of POCP for water monomer and water dimer. The POCP for water trimer is slightly above the gaseous GPS. However, the POCPs of GPS and its hydrates are comparable to that of alkanes. The GPS and its hydrates were found to be a potential reservoir of CO2. The acidification potential (AP) of GPS was found to be 0.189 and decreases upon addition of water molecules. This shows negligible contribution to rain acidification as the AP is less than that of SO2. The UV-vis spectra were attained using the M06-L/6-311++G(3df,3pd) method and cover the range 160–260 nm which fits well with experiment. The rate constant of the reactions of ˙OH radical with glyphosate (GPS) and its hydrates (GPS(H2O)n=1–3) were evaluated using the dual method M06-2X/6-311++G(df,p)//6-31+G(df,p) over the temperature range of 200–400 K.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Holtomo
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Bamenda
- Cameroon
- Department of Physics
| | | | - Mama Nsangou
- Department of Physics
- Higher Teacher's Training College
- University of Maroua
- Cameroon
- Department of Physics
| | - Ousmanou Motapon
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Maroua
- Cameroon
- Laboratory of Fundamental Physics
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Wei W, Sivanantham S, Malingre L, Ramalho O, Mandin C. Predicting the rate constants of semivolatile organic compounds with hydroxyl radicals and ozone in indoor air. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115050. [PMID: 32652384 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in air can react with hydroxyl radicals (OH), nitrate radicals (NO3) and ozone (O3). Two questions regarding SVOC reactivity with OH, NO3 and O3 in the gas and particle phases remain to be addressed: according to the existing measurements in the literature, which are the most reactive SVOCs in air, and how can the SVOC reactivity in the gas and particle phases be predicted? In the present study, a literature review of the second-order rate constant (k) was carried out to determine the SVOC reactivity with OH, NO3 and O3 in the gas and particle phases in ambient and indoor air at room temperature. Measured k values were available in the literature for 90 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organophosphates, dioxins, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and pesticides including pyrifenox, carbamates and terbuthylazine. PAHs and organophosphates were found to be more reactive than dioxins and PCBs. Based on the obtained data, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed to predict the k value using quantum chemical, molecular, physical property and environmental descriptors. Eight linear and nonlinear statistical models were employed, including regression models, bagging, random forest and gradient boosting. QSAR models were developed for SVOC/OH reactions in the gas and particle phases and SVOC/O3 reactions in the particle phase. Models for SVOC/NO3 and SVOC/O3 reactions in the gas phase could not be developed due to the lack of measured k values for model training. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest models were identified as the most effective models for SVOC reactivity prediction according to a comparison of model performance metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wei
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France.
| | - Sutharsini Sivanantham
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Laeticia Malingre
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Ramalho
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Corinne Mandin
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France
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Liu Q, Liggio J, Wu D, Saini A, Halappanavar S, Wentzell JJB, Harner T, Li K, Lee P, Li SM. Experimental Study of OH-Initiated Heterogeneous Oxidation of Organophosphate Flame Retardants: Kinetics, Mechanism, and Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14398-14408. [PMID: 31756294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risks and health impacts associated with particulate organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), which are ubiquitous in the global atmosphere, have not been adequately assessed due to the lack of data on the reaction kinetics, products, and toxicity associated with their atmospheric transformations. Here, the importance of such transformations for OPFRs are explored by investigating the reaction kinetics, degradation chemical mechanisms, and toxicological evolution of two OPFRs (2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPhP)) coated on (NH4)2SO4 particles upon heterogeneous OH oxidation. The derived reaction rate constants for the heterogeneous loss of EHDP and DPhP are (1.12 ± 0.22) × 10-12 and (2.33 ± 0.14) × 10-12 cm3 molecules-1 s-1, respectively. Using recently developed real-time particle chemical composition measurements, particulate products from heterogeneous photooxidation and the associated degradation mechanisms for particulate OPFRs are reported for the first time. Subsequent cytotoxicity analysis of the unreacted and oxidized OPFR particles indicated that the overall particle cytotoxicity was reduced by up to 94% with heterogeneous photooxidation, likely due to a significantly lower cytotoxicity associated with the oxidized OPFR products relative to the parent OPFRs. The present work not only provides guidance for future field sampling for the detection of transformation products of OPFRs, but also strongly supports the ongoing risk assessment of these emerging chemicals and most critically, their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Liu
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - John Liggio
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0K9 , Canada
| | - Amandeep Saini
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0K9 , Canada
| | - Jeremy J B Wentzell
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Kun Li
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Patrick Lee
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Shao-Meng Li
- Air Quality Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
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Liu Q, Liggio J, Li K, Lee P, Li SM. Understanding the Impact of Relative Humidity and Coexisting Soluble Iron on the OH-Initiated Heterogeneous Oxidation of Organophosphate Flame Retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6794-6803. [PMID: 31117542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The current uncertainties in the reactivity and atmospheric persistence of particle-associated chemicals present a challenge for the prediction of long-range transport and deposition of emerging chemicals such as organophosphate flame retardants, which are ubiquitous in the global environment. Here, the OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation kinetics of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) coated on inert (NH4)2SO4 and redox-active FeSO4 particles were systematically determined as a function of relative humidity (RH). The derived reaction rate constants for the heterogeneous loss of tricresyl phosphate (TCP; kTCP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP; kTBEP) were in the range of (2.69-3.57) × 10-12 and (3.06-5.55) × 10-12 cm3 molecules-1 s-1, respectively, depending on the RH and coexisting Fe(II) content. The kTCP (coated on (NH4)2SO4) was relatively constant over the investigated RH range while kTBEP was enhanced by up to 19% with increasing RH. For both OPFRs, the presence of Fe(II) enhanced their k by up to 53% over inert (NH4)2SO4. These enhancement effects (RH and Fe(II)) were attributed to fundamental changes in the organic phase state (higher RH lowered particle viscosity) and Fenton-type chemistry which resulted in the formation of reactive oxygen species, respectively. Such findings serve to emphasize the importance of ambient RH, the phase state of particle-bound organics in general, and the presence of coexisting metallic species for an accurate description of the degradation kinetics and aging of particulate OPFRs in models used to evaluate their atmospheric persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Liu
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment Canada , 4905 Dufferin Street , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - John Liggio
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment Canada , 4905 Dufferin Street , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Kun Li
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment Canada , 4905 Dufferin Street , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Patrick Lee
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment Canada , 4905 Dufferin Street , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
| | - Shao-Meng Li
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch , Environment Canada , 4905 Dufferin Street , Toronto , Ontario M3H 5T4 , Canada
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Saheb V. The mechanism and kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with O,O-diethyl methylphosphonothioate, (C2H5O)2P(S)CH3: Theoretical investigations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun Y, Shi P, Xiang H, Liang X, Yu Y. High-Safety Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Interphases for Sodium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805479. [PMID: 30730107 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developed Na-ion batteries are highly attractive for grid energy storage. Nevertheless, the safety issues of Na-ion batteries are still a bottleneck for large-scale applications. Similar to Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the safety of Na-ion batteries is considered to be tightly associated with the electrolyte and electrode/electrolyte interphase. Although the knowledge obtained from LIBs is helpful, designing safe electrolytes and obtaining stable interphases in Na-ion batteries is still a huge challenge. Therefore, it is of significance to investigate the key factors and develop new strategies for the development of high-safety Na-ion batteries. This comprehensive review introduces the recent efforts from nonaqueous electrolytes and interphase aspects of Na-ion batteries, proposes their design strategies and requirements for improving safety characteristics, and discusses the potential issues for practical applications. The insight to formulate safe electrolytes and design the stable interphase for Na-ion batteries with high safety is intended to be provided herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hongfa Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, China
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Faust JA, Abbatt JPD. Organic Surfactants Protect Dissolved Aerosol Components against Heterogeneous Oxidation. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2114-2124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Faust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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Muñoz A, Borrás E, Ródenas M, Vera T, Pedersen HA. Atmospheric Oxidation of a Thiocarbamate Herbicide Used in Winter Cereals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9136-9144. [PMID: 29996046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase atmospheric degradation of prosulfocarb (a widely used thiocarbamate herbicide in winter cereals) at different NOx concentrations was investigated at the large outdoor European PHOtoREactor (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. Photolysis under sunlight conditions and reaction with ozone were shown as unimportant. The rate constant for the reaction of prosulfocarb with OH radicals was determined as k = (2.9 ± 0.5) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 288 ± 10 K and atmospheric pressure by a conventional relative rate method. Significant ozone and aerosol formation was observed following the reaction of prosulfocarb with OH radicals, and the main detected carbon-containing gas-phase products were benzaldehyde, S-benzyl formyl(propyl)carbamothioate, and S-benzyl propanoyl(propyl)carbamothioate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Muñoz
- Fundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Esther Borrás
- Fundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Milagros Ródenas
- Fundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Teresa Vera
- Fundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
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Li C, Chen J, Xie HB, Zhao Y, Xia D, Xu T, Li X, Qiao X. Effects of Atmospheric Water on ·OH-initiated Oxidation of Organophosphate Flame Retardants: A DFT Investigation on TCPP. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5043-5051. [PMID: 28368609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), a widely used organophosphate flame retardant, has been recognized as an important atmospheric pollutant. It is notable that TCPP has potential for long-range atmospheric transport. However, its atmospheric fate is unknown, restricting its environmental risk assessment. Herein we performed quantum chemical calculations to investigate the atmospheric transformation mechanisms and kinetics of TCPP initiated by ·OH in the presence of O2/NO/NO2, and the effects of ubiquitous water on these reactions. Results show the H-abstraction pathways are the most favorable for the titled reaction. The calculated gaseous rate constant and lifetime at 298 K are 1.7 × 10-10 cm3molecule-1 s-1 and 1.7 h, respectively. However, when considering atmospheric water, the corresponding lifetime is about 0.5-20.2 days. This study reveals for the first time that water has a negative role in the ·OH-initiated degradation of TCPP by modifying the stabilities of prereactive complexes and transition states via forming hydrogen bonds, which unveils one underlying mechanism for the observed persistence of TCPP in the atmosphere. Water also influences secondary reaction pathways of selected TCPP radicals formed from the primary H-abstraction. These results demonstrate the importance of water in the evaluation of the atmospheric fate of newly synthesized chemicals and emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130117, China
| | - Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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13
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Thompson RS, Langlois GG, Sibener SJ. Oxidative Destruction of Multilayer Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate Films by O(3P) Atomic Oxygen. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:455-463. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Thompson
- The James Franck Institute
and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Grant G. Langlois
- The James Franck Institute
and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - S. J. Sibener
- The James Franck Institute
and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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14
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Li YJ, Liu P, Gong Z, Wang Y, Bateman AP, Bergoend C, Bertram AK, Martin ST. Chemical Reactivity and Liquid/Nonliquid States of Secondary Organic Material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13264-74. [PMID: 26465059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of secondary organic material (SOM) of variable viscosity, ranging from nonliquid to liquid physical states, was studied. The SOM, produced in aerosol form from terpenoid and aromatic precursor species, was reacted with ammonia at variable relative humidity (RH). The ammonium-to-organic mass ratio (MNH4+/MOrg) increased monotonically from <5% RH to a limiting value at a threshold RH, implicating a transition from particle reactivity limited by diffusion at low RH to one limited by other factors at higher RH. For the studied size distributions and reaction times, the transition corresponded to a diffusivity above 10-17.5 ± 0.5 m2 s-1. The threshold RH values for the transition were <5% RH for isoprene-derived SOM, 35-45% RH for SOM derived from α-pinene, toluene, m-xylene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and >90% for β-caryophyllene-derived SOM. The transition RH for reactivity differed in all cases from the transition RH of a nonliquid to a liquid state. For instance, for α-pinene-derived SOM the transition for chemical reactivity of 35-45% RH can be compared to the nonliquid to liquid transition of 65-90% RH. These differences imply that chemical transport models of atmospheric chemistry should not use the SOM liquid to nonliquid phase transition as one-to-one surrogates of SOM reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jie Li
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Zhaoheng Gong
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adam P Bateman
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Clara Bergoend
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon , Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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15
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Alarcón P, Bohn B, Zetzsch C. Kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction of OH radicals with methylated benzenes: 1,4-dimethyl-, 1,3,5-trimethyl-, 1,2,4,5-, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-, pentamethyl-, and hexamethylbenzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13053-65. [PMID: 25913267 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of OH radicals with a series of methylated benzenes was studied in a temperature range 300-350 K using a flash-photolysis resonance fluorescence technique. Reversible OH additions led to complex OH decays dependent on the number of distinguishable adducts. Except for hexamethylbenzene, triexponential OH decay curves were obtained, consistent with formation of at least two adduct species. For three compounds that can strictly form two adduct isomers for symmetry reasons (1,4-dimethyl-, 1,3,5-trimethyl-, and 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene) with OH bound ortho or ipso with respect to the methyl groups, OH decay curves were analysed in terms of a reaction mechanism in which the two adducts can be formed directly by OH addition or indirectly by isomerization. In all cases one adduct (add1) is dominating the decomposition back to OH. The other (add2) is more elusive and only detectable at elevated temperatures, similar to the single OH adduct of hexamethylbenzene. Two limiting cases of the general reaction mechanism could be examined quantitatively: reversible formation of add2 exclusively in the OH reaction or by isomerization of add1. Total OH rate constants, adduct loss rate constants and products of forward and reverse rate constants of reversible reactions were determined. From these quantities, adduct yields, equilibrium constants, as well as reaction enthalpies and entropies were derived for the three aromatics. Adduct yields strongly depend on the selected reaction model but generally formation of add1 predominates. For both models equilibrium constants of OH reactions lie between those of OH + benzene from the literature and those obtained for OH + hexamethylbenzene. The corresponding reaction enthalpies of add1 and add2 formations are in a range -87 ± 20 kJ mol(-1), less exothermic than for hexamethylbenzene (-101 kJ mol(-1)). Reaction enthalpies of possible add1 → add2 isomerizations are comparatively small. Because results for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene are partly inconsistent with a direct formation of add2, we promote the existence of isomerization reactions. Moreover, based on available theoretical work in the literature, add1 and add2 are tentatively identified as ortho and ipso adducts, respectively. Total OH rate constants were obtained for all title compounds. They can be described by Arrhenius equations: kOH = A × exp(-B/T). The parameters ln(A/(cm(3) s(-1))) = -25.6 ± 0.3, -25.3 ± 0.6, -27.3 ± 0.3, -24.6 ± 0.3, -26.2 ± 0.4, -26.2 ± 0.4 and -24.5 ± 0.2, and B/K = -160 ± 90, -550 ± 180, -1120 ± 90, -330 ± 100, -820 ± 100, -980 ± 130, and -570 ± 40 were determined for 1,4-dimethyl-, 1,3,5-trimethyl-, 1,2,4,5-, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-, pentamethyl-, and hexamethylbenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alarcón
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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16
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Muñoz A, Ródenas M, Borrás E, Vázquez M, Vera T. The gas-phase degradation of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon towards OH radical under atmospheric conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:522-528. [PMID: 24997961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The OH initiated oxidation of chlorpyrifos (a widely used insecticide) and its photooxidation product chlorpyrifos-oxon were investigated at the large outdoor European Photoreactor (EUPHORE). The rate constants for reaction of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon with OH radicals were measured using a conventional relative rate method. The value of the OH reaction rate constants with chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon were determined to be k=(9.1±2.1)×10(-11)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1) and (1.7±0.9)×10(-11)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1) at 303±5K and atmospheric pressure. They gave an atmospheric lifetime in relation to the reaction with OH of approximately 2h and 11h for chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon, respectively. Photolysis was found to be unimportant relative to reaction with OH. The main products detected in the gas phase from the reaction of OH with chlorpyrifos were SO2, chlorpyrifos-oxon, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and diethylphosphate with molar yields of 17±5%, ∼10%, 8±4% and 30±9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Muñoz
- EUPHORE, Instituto Universitario UMH-CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Milagros Ródenas
- EUPHORE, Instituto Universitario UMH-CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Borrás
- EUPHORE, Instituto Universitario UMH-CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Vázquez
- EUPHORE, Instituto Universitario UMH-CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Vera
- EUPHORE, Instituto Universitario UMH-CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Ng MY, Nelson J, Taatjes CA, Osborn DL, Meloni G. Synchrotron Photoionization Study of Mesitylene Oxidation Initiated by Reaction with Cl(2P) or O(3P) Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3735-3748. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Y. Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Jordan Nelson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
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18
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Liu Y, Liggio J, Harner T, Jantunen L, Shoeib M, Li SM. Heterogeneous OH initiated oxidation: a possible explanation for the persistence of organophosphate flame retardants in air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1041-8. [PMID: 24364718 DOI: 10.1021/es404515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions between OH radicals and emerging flame retardant compounds coated on inert particles have been investigated. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) including triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tris-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (TEHP), and tris-1,3-dichloro-2-propyl phosphate (TDCPP) were coated on (NH4)2SO4 particles and exposed to OH radicals in a photochemical flow tube at 298 K and (38.0 ± 2.0) % RH. The degradation of these particle-bound OPEs was observed as a result of OH exposure, as measured using a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. The derived second-order rate constants for the heterogeneous loss of TPhP, TEHP, and TDCPP were (2.1 ± 0.19) × 10(-12), (2.7 ± 0.63) × 10(-12), and (9.2 ± 0.92) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, from which approximate atmospheric lifetimes are estimated to be 5.6 (5.2-6.0), 4.3 (3.5-5.6), and 13 (11-14) days. Additional coating of the OPE coated particles with an OH radical active species further increased the lifetimes of these OPEs. These results represent the first reported estimates of heterogeneous reaction rate constants for these species. The results demonstrate that particle bound OPEs are highly persistent in the atmosphere with regard to OH radical oxidation, consistent with the assumption that OPEs can undergo medium or long-range transport, as previously proposed on the basis of field measurements. Finally, these results indicate that future risk assessment and transport modeling of emerging priority chemicals with semi- to low-volatility must consider particle phase heterogeneous loss processes when evaluating environmental persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Liu
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada , Toronto, M3H 5T4, Canada
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19
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El Masri A, Al Rashidi M, Laversin H, Chakir A, Roth E. A mechanistic and kinetic study of the heterogeneous degradation of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon under the influence of atmospheric oxidants: ozone and OH-radicals. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos in the heterogeneous phase of the atmosphere is quickly removed by reaction with OH radicals (∼2 day) whereas its degradation product, chlorpyrifos oxon is more persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. El Masri
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse
- 51687 Reims, France
| | - M. Al Rashidi
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse
- 51687 Reims, France
| | - H. Laversin
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse
- 51687 Reims, France
| | - A. Chakir
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse
- 51687 Reims, France
| | - E. Roth
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse
- 51687 Reims, France
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20
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Aschmann SM, Atkinson R. Atmospheric chemistry of methyl and ethyl N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphosphorodiamidate and O,S-dimethyl methylphosphonothioate. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11038-48. [PMID: 24134801 DOI: 10.1021/jp407702w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with methyl N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphosphorodiamidate [CH3OP(O)[N(CH3)2]2; MTMPDA], ethyl N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphosphorodiamidate [C2H5OP(O)[N(CH3)2]2; ETMPDA], and O,S-dimethyl methylphosphonothioate [CH3OP(O)(CH3)SCH3; OSDMMP] have been measured over the temperature range 281-349 K at atmospheric pressure of air using a relative rate method. The rate expressions obtained were 4.96 × 10(-12) e((1058±71)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (1.73 × 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 K) for OH + MTMPDA, 4.46 × 10(-12) e((1144±95)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (2.07 × 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 K) for OH + ETMPDA, and 1.31 × 10(-13) e((1370±229)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (1.30 × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 K) for OH + OSDMMP. The rate constant for OH + OSDMMP was independent of O2 content over the range 2.1-71% O2 at 296 ± 2 K. In addition, rate constants for the reactions of NO3 radicals and O3 with MTMPDA, of (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and <3.5 × 10(-19) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, were measured at 297 ± 2 K. Products of the OH radical- and, for MTMPDA, NO3 radical-initiated reactions were investigated using gas chromatography and in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. A product of molecular weight 180 was observed from the OH and NO3 radical-initiated reactions of MTMPDA, and this is attributed to CH3OP(O)[N(CH3)2]N(CH3)CHO. Similarly, a product of molecular weight 194 was observed from the OH + ETMPDA reaction and attributed to C2H5OP(O)[N(CH3)2]N(CH3)CHO. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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21
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Burns DS, Cory MG, Taylor DE, Bunte SW, Runge K, Vasey JL. A Comparison of Primary and Secondary Hydrogen Abstraction from Organophosphates by Hydroxyl Radical. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Onel L, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Direct Determination of the Rate Coefficient for the Reaction of OH Radicals with Monoethanol Amine (MEA) from 296 to 510 K. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:853-856. [PMID: 26286410 DOI: 10.1021/jz300200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoethanol amine (H2NCH2CH2OH, MEA) has been proposed for large-scale use in carbon capture and storage. We present the first absolute, temperature-dependent determination of the rate coefficient for the reaction of OH with MEA using laser flash photolysis for OH generation, monitoring OH removal by laser-induced fluorescence. The room-temperature rate coefficient is determined to be (7.61 ± 0.76) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and the rate coefficient decreases by about 40% by 510 K. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient is given by k1= (7.73 ± 0.24) × 10(-11)(T/295)(-(0.79±0.11)) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The high rate coefficient shows that gas-phase processing in the atmosphere will be competitive with uptake onto aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Onel
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M A Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - P W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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23
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Theoretical studies on the reaction mechanism and kinetics of the atmospheric reactions of 1,4-thioxane with OH radical. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-9955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Bohn B, Zetzsch C. Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of OH with the trimethylbenzenes – experimental evidence for the formation of adduct isomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13933-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42434g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Aschmann SM, Tuazon EC, Long WD, Atkinson R. Atmospheric chemistry of dichlorvos. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2756-64. [PMID: 21405039 DOI: 10.1021/jp112019s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dichlorvos [2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, (CH(3)O)(2)P(O)OCH═CCl(2)] is a relatively volatile in-use insecticide. Rate constants for its reaction with OH radicals have been measured over the temperature range 296-348 K and atmospheric pressure of air using a relative rate method. The rate expression obtained was 3.53 × 10(-13) e((1367±239)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), with a 298 K rate constant of (3.5 ± 0.7) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where the error in the 298 K rate constant is the estimated overall uncertainty. In addition, rate constants for the reactions of NO(3) radicals and O(3) with dichlorvos, of (2.5 ± 0.5) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and (1.7 ± 1.0) × 10(-19) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, were measured at 296 ± 2 K. Products of the OH and NO(3) radical-initiated reactions were investigated using in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and (OH radical reaction only) in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For the OH radical reaction, the major initial products were CO, phosgene [C(O)Cl(2)] and dimethyl phosphate [(CH(3)O)(2)P(O)OH], with equal (to within ±10%) formation yields of CO and C(O)Cl(2). The API-MS analyses were consistent with formation of (CH(3)O)(2)P(O)OH from both the OH and NO(3) radical-initiated reactions. In the atmosphere, the dominant chemical loss processes for dichlorvos will be daytime reaction with OH radicals and nighttime reaction with NO(3) radicals, with an estimated lifetime of a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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26
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Smirnova IN, Cuisset A, Hindle F, Mouret G, Bocquet R, Pirali O, Roy P. Gas-Phase Synchrotron FTIR Spectroscopy of Weakly Volatile Alkyl Phosphonate and Alkyl Phosphate Compounds: Vibrational and Conformational Analysis in the Terahertz/Far-IR Spectral Domain. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16936-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. N. Smirnova
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, EAC CNRS 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189 A Ave. Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Ligne AILES (Advance InfraRed Line Exploited for Spectroscopy), Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A. Cuisset
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, EAC CNRS 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189 A Ave. Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Ligne AILES (Advance InfraRed Line Exploited for Spectroscopy), Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F. Hindle
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, EAC CNRS 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189 A Ave. Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Ligne AILES (Advance InfraRed Line Exploited for Spectroscopy), Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G. Mouret
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, EAC CNRS 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189 A Ave. Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Ligne AILES (Advance InfraRed Line Exploited for Spectroscopy), Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - R. Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, EAC CNRS 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189 A Ave. Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Ligne AILES (Advance InfraRed Line Exploited for Spectroscopy), Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - O. Pirali
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, EAC CNRS 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189 A Ave. Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Ligne AILES (Advance InfraRed Line Exploited for Spectroscopy), Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P. Roy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, EAC CNRS 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189 A Ave. Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Ligne AILES (Advance InfraRed Line Exploited for Spectroscopy), Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Aschmann SM, Tuazon EC, Long WD, Atkinson R. Atmospheric Chemistry of Isopropyl Methyl Methylphosphonate and Dimethyl N,N-Dimethylphosphoroamidate. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3523-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ernesto C. Tuazon
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - William D. Long
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Parker JK, Espada-Jallad C. Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH and NO3 Radicals and O3 with Allyl Alcohol and Allyl Isocyanate. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9814-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9055939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James K. Parker
- Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
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Aschmann SM, Long WD, Atkinson R. Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH and NO3 Radicals and O3 with 1,4-Thioxane and 1,4-Dithiane. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13556-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8074018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - William D. Long
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Aschmann SM, Tuazon EC, Long WD, Atkinson R. Kinetics and Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Divinyl Sulfoxide with OH and NO3 Radicals and O3. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8723-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ernesto C. Tuazon
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - William D. Long
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Aschmann SM, Long WD, Atkinson R. Rate Constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH Radicals with Dimethyl Phosphonate over the Temperature Range of 278−351 K and for a Series of Other Organophosphorus Compounds at ∼280 K. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4793-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800899y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - William D. Long
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Aschmann SM, Atkinson R. Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with E-7-tetradecene, 2-methyl-1-tridecene and the C7–C14 1-alkenes at 295 ± 1 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:4159-64. [DOI: 10.1039/b803527j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tuazon EC, Aschmann SM, Atkinson R. Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH Radicals with (C2H5O)2P(S)CH3 and (C2H5O)3PS. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:916-24. [PMID: 17266233 DOI: 10.1021/jp067274e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Products of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with O,O-diethyl methylphosphonothioate [(C2H5O)2P(S)CH3, DEMPT] and O,O,O-triethyl phosphorothioate [(C2H5O)3PS, TEPT] have been investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure of air using in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and, for the TEPT reaction, gas chromatography and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Combined with products quantified previously by gas chromatography, the products observed were: from the DEMPT reaction, (C2H5O)2P(O)CH3 (21+/-4% yield) and C2H5OP(S)(CH3)OH or C2H5OP(O)(CH3)SH (presumed to be C2H5OP(O)(CH3)SH by analogy with the TEPT reaction); and from the TEPT reaction, (C2H5O)3PO (54-62% yield), SO2 (67+/-10% yield), CH3CHO (22-40% yield) and, tentatively, (C2H5O)2P(O)SH. The FT-IR analyses showed that the formation yields of HCHO, CO, CO2, peroxyacetyl nitrate [CH3C(O)OONO2], organic nitrates, and acetates from the TEPT reaction were <5%, 3+/-1%, <7%, <2%, 5+/-3%, and 3+/-2%, respectively. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto C Tuazon
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Aschmann SM, Atkinson R. Kinetic and Product Study of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH Radicals, NO3 Radicals, and O3 with (C2H5O)2P(S)CH3 and (C2H5O)3PS. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:13029-35. [PMID: 17134163 DOI: 10.1021/jp065382v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals and NO3 radicals with O,O-diethyl methylphosphonothioate [(C(2)H(5)O)(2)P(S)CH(3); DEMPT] and O,O,O-triethyl phosphorothioate [(C(2)H(5)O)(3)PS; TEPT] have been measured using relative rate methods at atmospheric pressure of air over the temperature range 296-348 K for the OH radical reactions and at 296 +/- 2 K for the NO(3) radical reactions. At 296 +/- 2 K, the rate constants obtained for the OH radical reactions (in units of 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) were 20.4 +/- 0.8 and 7.92 +/- 0.27 for DEMPT and TEPT, respectively, and those for the NO(3) radical reactions (in units of 10(-15) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) were 2.01 +/- 0.20 and 1.03 +/- 0.10, respectively. Upper limits to the rate constants for the reactions of O(3) with DEMPT and TEPT of <6 x 10(-20) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) were determined in each case. Rate constants for the OH radical reactions, measured relative to k(OH + alpha-pinene) = 1.21 x 10(-11) e(436/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), resulted in the Arrhenius expressions k(OH + DEMPT) = 1.08 x 10(-11) e(871+/-25)/T cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(OH + TEPT) = 8.21 x 10(-13) e(1353+/-49)/T cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over the temperature range 296-348 K, where the indicated errors are two least-squares standard deviations and do not include the uncertainties in the reference rate constant. Diethyl methylphosphonate was identified and quantified from the OH radical and NO(3) radical reactions with DEMPT, with formation yields of 21 +/- 4%, independent of temperature, from the OH radical reaction and 62 +/- 11% from the NO(3) radical reaction at 296 +/- 2 K. Similarly, triethyl phosphate was identified and quantified from the OH radical and NO(3) radical reactions with TEPT, with formation yields of 56 +/- 9%, independent of temperature, from the OH radical reaction and 78 +/- 15% from the NO(3) radical reaction at 296 +/- 2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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