1
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Huang Y, Zhong S, Gan L, Chen Y. Development of Machine Learning Models for Ion-Selective Electrode Cation Sensor Design. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2024; 4:1702-1711. [PMID: 39021402 PMCID: PMC11250033 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane-based ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors are common tools for water assessments, but their development relies on time-consuming and costly experimental investigations. To address this challenge, this study combines machine learning (ML), Morgan fingerprint, and Bayesian optimization technologies with experimental results to develop high-performance PVC-based ISE cation sensors. By using 1745 data sets collected from 20 years of literature, appropriate ML models are trained to enable accurate prediction and a deep understanding of the relationship between ISE components and sensor performance (R 2 = 0.75). Rapid ionophore screening is achieved using the Morgan fingerprint based on atomic groups derived from ML model interpretation. Bayesian optimization is then applied to identify optimal combinations of ISE materials with the potential to deliver desirable ISE sensor performance. Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ sensors fabricated from Bayesian optimization results exhibit excellent Nernst slopes with less than 8.2% deviation from the ideal value and superb detection limits at 10-7 M level based on experimental validation results. This approach can potentially transform sensor development into a more time-efficient, cost-effective, and rational design process, guided by ML-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Huang
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shifa Zhong
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department
of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lan Gan
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Thorat A, Chauhan R, Sartape R, Singh MR, Shah JK. Effect of K + Force Fields on Ionic Conductivity and Charge Dynamics of KOH in Ethylene Glycol. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3707-3719. [PMID: 38572661 PMCID: PMC11033864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Predicting ionic conductivity is crucial for developing efficient electrolytes for energy storage and conversion and other electrochemical applications. An accurate estimate of ionic conductivity requires understanding complex ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions governing the charge transport at the molecular level. Molecular simulations can provide key insights into the spatial and temporal behavior of electrolyte constituents. However, such insights depend on the ability of force fields to describe the underlying phenomena. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were leveraged to delineate the impact of force field parameters on ionic conductivity predictions of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in ethylene glycol (EG). Four different force fields were used to represent the K+ ion. Diffusion-based Nernst-Einstein and correlation-based Einstein approaches were implemented to estimate the ionic conductivity, and the predicted values were compared with experimental measurements. The physical aspects, including ion-aggregation, charge distribution, cluster correlation, and cluster dynamics, were also examined. A force field was identified that provides reasonably accurate Einstein conductivity values and a physically coherent representation of the electrolyte at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey Thorat
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State
University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Rohit Chauhan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Rohan Sartape
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Meenesh R. Singh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Jindal K. Shah
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State
University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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3
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Shao Y, Gudla H, Mindemark J, Brandell D, Zhang C. Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolytes: Building New Bridges between Experiment and Molecular Simulation. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1123-1134. [PMID: 38569004 PMCID: PMC11025026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusPolymer electrolytes constitute a promising type of material for solid-state batteries. However, one of the bottlenecks for their practical implementation lies in the transport properties, often including restricted Li+ self-diffusion and conductivity and low cationic transference numbers. This calls for a molecular understanding of ion transport in polymer electrolytes in which molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can provide both new physical insights and quantitative predictions. Although efforts have been made in this area and qualitative pictures have emerged, direct and quantitative comparisons between experiment and simulation remain challenging because of the lack of a unified theoretical framework to connect them.In our work, we show that by computing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the model system and using the normalized inverse temperature 1000/(T - Tg + 50), the Li+ self-diffusion coefficient can be compared quantitatively between MD simulations and experiments. This allows us to disentangle the effects of Tg and the polymer dielectric environment on ion conduction in polymer electrolytes, giving rise to the identification of an optimal solvating environment for fast ion conduction.Unlike Li+ self-diffusion coefficients and ionic conductivity, the transference number, which describes the fraction of current carried by Li+ ions, depends on the boundary conditions or the reference frame (RF). This creates a non-negligible gap when comparing experiment and simulation because the fluxes in the experimental measurements and in the linear response theory used in MD simulation are defined in different RFs. We show that by employing the Onsager theory of ion transport and applying a proper RF transformation, a much better agreement between experiment and simulation can be achieved for the PEO-LiTFSI system. This further allows us to derive the theoretical expression for the Bruce-Vincent transference number in terms of the Onsager coefficients and make a direct comparison to experiments. Since the Bruce-Vincent method is widely used to extract transference numbers from experimental data, this opens the door to calibrating MD simulations via reproducing the Bruce-Vincent transference number and using MD simulations to predict the true transference number.In addition, we also address several open questions here such as the time-scale effects on the ion-pairing phenomenon, the consistency check between different types of experiments, the need for more accurate force fields used in MD simulations, and the extension to multicomponent systems. Overall, this Account focuses on building new bridges between experiment and simulation for quantitative comparison, warnings of pitfalls when comparing apples and oranges, and clarifying misconceptions. From a physical chemistry point of view, it connects to concentrated solution theory and provides a unified theoretical framework that can maximize the power of MD simulations. Therefore, this Account will be useful for the electrochemical energy storage community at large and set examples of how to approach experiments from theory and simulation (and vice versa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Shao
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harish Gudla
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Schulz A, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A. Ionic Conductivity of a Lithium-Doped Deep Eutectic Solvent: Glass Formation and Rotation-Translation Coupling. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3454-3462. [PMID: 38564781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents with admixed lithium salts are considered as electrolytes in electrochemical devices, such as batteries or supercapacitors. Compared to eutectic mixtures of hydrogen-bond donors and lithium salts, their raw-material costs are significantly lower. Not much is known about glassy freezing and rotational-translation coupling of such systems. Here, we investigate these phenomena by applying dielectric spectroscopy to the widely studied deep eutectic solvent glyceline, to which 1 and 5 mol % LiCl were added. Our study covers a wide temperature range, including a deeply supercooled state. The temperature dependences of the detected dipolar reorientation dynamics and ionic direct current (dc) conductivity reveal the signatures of glassy freezing. In comparison to pure glyceline, the lithium admixture leads to a reduction of ionic conductivity, which is accompanied by a reduction of the rotational dipolar mobility. However, this reduction is much smaller than that for deep eutectic solvents (DESs), where one main component is lithium salt, which we trace back to the lower glass-transition temperatures of lithium-doped DESs. In contrast to pure glyceline, the ionic and dipolar dynamics become increasingly decoupled at low temperatures and obey a fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation, as previously found in other glass-forming liquids. The obtained results demonstrate the relevance of decoupling effects and glass transition to the enhancement of the technically relevant ionic conductivity in such lithium-doped DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schulz
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
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5
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Ahmed MD, Zhu Z, Khamzin A, Paddison SJ, Sokolov AP, Popov I. Effect of Ion Mass on Dynamic Correlations in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10411-10421. [PMID: 38012530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of liquid salts with distinct properties such as high ionic conductivity, low volatility, and a broad electrochemical window, making them appealing for use in energy storage applications. The ion-ion correlations are some of the key factors that play a critical role in the ionic conductivity of ILs. In this work, we present the study of the impact of ion mass on ion-ion correlations in ILs, applying a combination of broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. We examined three ILs with the same cation but different anions to consider three different cases of cation-anion masses: M+ > M-, M+ ≈ M-, and M+ < M-. We applied the momentum conservation approach to estimate the contribution of distinct ion-ion correlations from experimental data and obtained good agreement with direct calculations of distinct ion-ion correlations from molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal that relative ion mass has a strong effect on the distinct ion-ion correlations, leading to swapping of the relative amplitude of distinct cation-cation and anion-anion correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Dipu Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Zhenghao Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Airat Khamzin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Stephen J Paddison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ivan Popov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- University of Tennessee─Oak Ridge Innovation Institute, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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6
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Mohapatra S, Halder S, Chaudhari SR, Netz RR, Mogurampelly S. Insights into the structure and Ion transport of pectin-[BMIM][PF6] electrolytes. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154902. [PMID: 37843063 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of pectin on the structure and ion transport properties of the room-temperature ionic liquid electrolyte 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that pectin induces intriguing structural changes in the electrolyte that disrupt large ionic aggregates and promote the formation of smaller ionic clusters, which is a promising finding for ionic conductivity. Due to pectin in [BMIM][PF6] electrolytes, the diffusion coefficient of cations and anions is observed to decrease by a factor of four for a loading of 25 wt. % of pectin in [BMIM][PF6] electrolyte. A strong correlation between the ionic diffusivities (D) and ion-pair relaxation timescales (τc) is observed such that D ∼ τc-0.75 for cations and D ∼ τc-0.82 for anions. The relaxation timescale exponents indicate that the ion transport mechanisms in pectin-[BMIM][PF6] electrolytes are slightly distinct from those found in neat [BMIM][PF6] electrolytes (D∼τc-1). Since pectin marginally affects ionic diffusivities at the gain of smaller ionic aggregates and viscosity, our results suggest that pectin-ionic liquid electrolytes offer improved properties for battery applications, including ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipra Mohapatra
- Polymer Electrolytes and Materials Group (PEMG), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Sougata Halder
- Polymer Electrolytes and Materials Group (PEMG), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Sachin R Chaudhari
- Department of Spice and Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Roland R Netz
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Santosh Mogurampelly
- Polymer Electrolytes and Materials Group (PEMG), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Popov I, Zhu Z, Young-Gonzales AR, Sacci RL, Mamontov E, Gainaru C, Paddison SJ, Sokolov AP. Search for a Grotthuss mechanism through the observation of proton transfer. Commun Chem 2023; 6:77. [PMID: 37087505 PMCID: PMC10122652 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of protons is critical in a variety of bio- and electro-chemical processes and technologies. The Grotthuss mechanism is considered to be the most efficient proton transport mechanism, generally implying a transfer of protons between 'chains' of host molecules via elementary reactions within the hydrogen bonds. Although Grotthuss proposed this concept more than 200 years ago, only indirect experimental evidence of the mechanism has been observed. Here we report the first experimental observation of proton transfer between the molecules in pure and 85% aqueous phosphoric acid. Employing dielectric spectroscopy, quasielastic neutron, and light scattering, and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations we determined that protons move by surprisingly short jumps of only ~0.5-0.7 Å, much smaller than the typical ion jump length in ionic liquids. Our analysis confirms the existence of correlations in these proton jumps. However, these correlations actually reduce the conductivity, in contrast to a desirable enhancement, as is usually assumed by a Grotthuss mechanism. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that the expected Grotthuss-like enhancement of conductivity cannot be realized in bulk liquids where ionic correlations always decrease conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Popov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Zhenghao Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Robert L Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Stephen J Paddison
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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8
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Rauber D, Philippi F, Becker J, Zapp J, Morgenstern B, Kuttich B, Kraus T, Hempelmann R, Hunt P, Welton T, Kay CWM. Anion and ether group influence in protic guanidinium ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6436-6453. [PMID: 36779955 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05724g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are attractive liquid materials for many advanced applications. For targeted design, in-depth knowledge about their structure-property-relations is urgently needed. We prepared a set of novel protic ionic liquids (PILs) with a guanidinium cation with either an ether or alkyl side chain and different anions. While being a promising cation class, the available data is insufficient to guide design. We measured thermal and transport properties, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra as well as liquid and crystalline structures supported by ab initio computations and were able to obtain a detailed insight into the influence of the anion and the ether substitution on the physical and spectroscopic properties. For the PILs, hydrogen bonding is the main interaction between cation and anion and the H-bond strength is inversely related to the proton affinity of the constituting acid and correlated to the increase of 1H and 15N chemical shifts. Using anions from acids with lower proton affinity leads to proton localization on the cation as evident from NMR spectra and self-diffusion coefficients. In contrast, proton exchange was evident in ionic liquids with triflate and trifluoroacetate anions. Using imide-type anions and ether side groups decreases glass transitions as well as fragility, and accelerated dynamics significantly. In case of the ether guanidinium ionic liquids, the conformation of the side chain adopts a curled structure as the result of dispersion interactions, while the alkyl chains prefer a linear arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Julian Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Josef Zapp
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus B 2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Björn Kuttich
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. .,INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Hempelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Patricia Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. .,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
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9
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Kowsari MH, Jalali F. Tracing the Effect of Replacing [Gly] - with [Ala] - and Hydroxylation of [emim] + on the Fine-Tuning of the Transport Properties of the Corresponding Amino Acid-Based Ionic Liquids Using MD Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:194-204. [PMID: 36563049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs) composed of deprotonated amino acids, [AA]-, as anions and hydroxylated imidazolium cations provide an eco-friendly nontoxic IL family with the growing number of chemical and biochemical revolutionary applications. In this paper, the transport properties of four AAILs composed of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium ([HOemim]+) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim]+) cations with alaninate and glycinate anions were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A nonpolarizable all-atom force field with the scaled charge (±0.8e) on each of the ions was applied and compared with the unit charge model in some cases. The tunable effects of the presence of the hydroxyl group in the side chain of the imidazolium cation, the type of amino acid anion, and the varied temperature on the dynamical behavior of AAILs were investigated in detail. The experimentally compatible trends of the simulated ionic self-diffusion coefficients, ionic conductivity, and ionicity were found to be inverse to the viscosity and ionic association of these ILs as [emim][Gly] > [emim][Ala] > [HOemim][Gly] > [HOemim][Ala]. The main reason behind these trends is the higher ability of the hydroxylated cation for the hydrogen-bond formation with [AA]-. The mean square displacement (MSD), self-diffusion, and transference number of imidazolium cations are larger than those of [AA]- anions, except in the case of [HOemim][Gly]. It was found that the activation energy for diffusion of [AA]- is lower than that of [HOemim]+ but higher than that of [emim]+ in [HOemim][AA] and [emim][AA] ILs, respectively. The computed velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) showed that [Gly]-, as the lightest ion, has the shortest mean collision time and velocity randomization time among the ions, especially in the [HOemim][Gly] IL. Replacing [emim]+ with [HOemim]+, similar to the effect of decreasing temperature, causes significant decreasing of the ionic self-diffusion and increasing of the well depth of the first minimum of the ionic VACFs. Current findings show that introducing suitable functional groups in the side chain of imidazolium cations can be a viable approach for efficient engineering design and fine-tuning of the transport properties of these AAILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan45137-66731, Iran.,Center for Research in Climate Change and Global Warming (CRCC), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan45137-66731, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jalali
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan45137-66731, Iran
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10
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Marioni N, Zhang Z, Zofchak ES, Sachar HS, Kadulkar S, Freeman BD, Ganesan V. Impact of Ion–Ion Correlated Motion on Salt Transport in Solvated Ion Exchange Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1258-1264. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marioni
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Everett S. Zofchak
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Harnoor S. Sachar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sanket Kadulkar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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11
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Yang C, García Sakai V, Tyagi M, Hong L. Conduction Mechanism in Graphene Oxide Membranes with Varied Water Content: From Proton Hopping Dominant to Ion Diffusion Dominant. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13771-13782. [PMID: 35993828 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proton conductors, particularly hydrated solid membranes, have various applications in sensors, fuel cells, and cellular biological systems. Unraveling the intrinsic proton transfer mechanism is critical for establishing the foundation of proton conduction. Two scenarios on electrical conduction, the Grotthuss and the vehicle mechanisms, have been reported by experiments and simulations. But separating and quantifying the contributions of these two components from experiments is difficult. Here, we present the conductive behavior of a two-dimensional layered proton conductor, graphene oxide membrane (GOM), and find that proton hopping is dominant at low water content, while ion diffusion prevails with increasing water content. This change in the conduction mechanism is attributable to the layers of water molecules in GOM nanosheets. The overall conductivity is greatly improved by forming one layer of water molecules. It reaches the maximum with two layers of water molecules, resulting from creating a complete hydrogen-bond network within GOM. When more than two layers of water molecules enter the GOM nanosheets, inducing the breakage of the ordered lamellar structure, protons spread in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions inside the GOM. Our results validate the existence of two conduction mechanisms and show their distinct contributions to the overall conductivity. Furthermore, these findings provide an optimization strategy for the design of realizing the fast proton transfer in materials with water participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center) and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxing Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liang Hong
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center) and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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de Araujo Lima E Souza G, Di Pietro ME, Castiglione F, Marques Mezencio PH, Fazzio Martins Martinez P, Mariani A, Schütz HM, Passerini S, Middendorf M, Schönhoff M, Triolo A, Appetecchi GB, Mele A. Implications of Anion Structure on Physicochemical Properties of DBU-Based Protic Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7006-7014. [PMID: 36039977 PMCID: PMC9483912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are potential candidates
as electrolyte
components in energy storage devices. When replacing flammable and
volatile organic solvents, PILs are expected to improve the safety
and performance of electrochemical devices. Considering their technical
application, a challenging task is the understanding of the key factors
governing their intermolecular interactions and physicochemical properties.
The present work intends to investigate the effects of the structural
features on the properties of a promising PIL based on the 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
(DBUH+) cation and the (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide
(IM14–) anion, the latter being a remarkably large
anion with an uneven distribution of the C–F pool between the
two sides of the sulfonylimide moieties. For comparison purposes,
the experimental investigations were extended to PILs composed of
the same DBU-based cation and the trifluoromethanesulfonate
(TFO–) or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
(TFSI–) anion. The combined use of multiple NMR
methods, thermal analyses, density, viscosity, and conductivity measurements
provides a deep characterization of the PILs, unveiling peculiar behaviors
in DBUH-IM14, which cannot be predicted solely on the basis of differences
between aqueous pKa values of the protonated
base and the acid (ΔpKa). Interestingly,
the thermal and electrochemical properties of DBUH-IM14 turn out to
be markedly governed by the size and asymmetric nature of the anion.
This observation highlights that the structural features of the precursors
are an important tool to tailor the PIL’s properties according
to the specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle de Araujo Lima E Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Enrica Di Pietro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Mariani
- Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Piazza Roma, 22, 60121 Ancona, Italy.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hanno Maria Schütz
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maleen Middendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Istituto Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Appetecchi
- ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Department for Sustainability (SSPT), Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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13
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Cashen RK, Donoghue MM, Schmeiser AJ, Gebbie MA. Bridging Database and Experimental Analysis to Reveal Super-hydrodynamic Conductivity Scaling Regimes in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6039-6051. [PMID: 35939324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion transport through electrolytes critically impacts the performance of batteries and other devices. Many frameworks used to model ion transport assume hydrodynamic mechanisms and focus on maximizing conductivity by minimizing viscosity. However, solid-state electrolytes illustrate that non-hydrodynamic ion transport can define device performance. Increasingly, selective transport mechanisms, such as hopping, are proposed for concentrated electrolytes. However, viscosity-conductivity scaling relationships in ionic liquids are often analyzed with hydrodynamic models. We report data-centric analyses of hydrodynamic transport models of viscosity-conductivity scaling in ionic liquids by merging three databases to bridge physical properties and computational descriptors. With this expansive database, we constrained scaling analyses using ion sizes defined from simulated volumes, as opposed to estimating sizes from activity coefficients. Remarkably, we find that many ionic liquids exhibit positive deviations from the Nernst-Einstein model, implying ions move faster than hydrodynamics should allow. We verify these findings using microrheology and conductivity experiments. We further show that machine learning tools can improve predictions of conductivity from molecular properties, including predictions from solely computational features. Our findings reveal that many ionic liquids exhibit super-hydrodynamic viscosity-conductivity scaling, suggesting mechanisms of correlated ion motion, which could be harnessed to enhance electrochemical device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Cashen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Megan M Donoghue
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Abigail J Schmeiser
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew A Gebbie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Liu M, Liu H, Peng H. Orientational wetting and dynamical correlations toward glass transition on the surface of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034701. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface induces many fascinating physical phenomena, such as dynamic acceleration, surface anchoring, and orientational wetting, and, thus, is of great interest to study. Here, we report classic molecular dynamics simulations on the free-standing surface of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) [C4mim][PF6] and [C10mim][PF6]. On [C10mim][PF6] surface, a significant orientational wetting is observed, with the wetting strength showing a diverging tendency. Depth of the wetting was captured from the density and orientational order profile by a static length, which remarkably increases below the temperature Tstat upon cooling down. The dynamical correlation length that measures the distance of surface-dynamics acceleration into the bulk was characterized via the spatial-dependent mobility. The translational correlation exhibits a similar drastic increment at Tstat, while the rotational correlation drastically increases at a lower temperature Trot. We connect these results to the dynamics in bulk liquids, by finding Tstat and Trot that correspond to the onset temperatures where the liquids become cooperative for translational and rotational relaxation, respectively. This signifies the importance of collective dynamics in the bulk on the orientational wetting and surface dynamics in the ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Rd., 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Huashan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Rd., 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Hailong Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Rd., 410083 Changsha, China
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15
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Harris KR, Kanakubo M. Effect of pressure on the transport properties of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Popov I, Khamzin A, Matsumoto RA, Zhao W, Lin X, Cummings PT, Sokolov AP. Controlling the Ion Transport Number in Solvent-in-Salt Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4572-4583. [PMID: 35687852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-in-salt (SIS) systems present promising materials for the next generation of energy storage applications. The ion dynamics is significantly different in these systems from that of ionic liquids and diluted salt solutions. In this study, we analyze the ion dynamics of two salts, Li-TFSI and Li-FSI, in highly concentrated aqueous and acetonitrile solutions. We performed high-frequency dielectric measurements covering the range of up to 50 GHz and molecular dynamics simulations. The analysis of the conductivity spectra provides the characteristic crossover time between individual charge rearrangements and the normal charge diffusion regime resulting in DC conductivity. Analysis revealed that the onset of normal charge diffusion occurs at the scale of ∼1.5-3.5 Å, comparable to the average distance between the ions. Based on the idea of momentum conservation, distinct ion correlations were estimated experimentally and computationally. The analysis revealed that cation-anion correlations can be suppressed by changing the solvent concentration in SIS systems, leading to an increase of the light ion (Li+ in our case) transport number. This discovery suggests a way for improving the light cation transport number in SIS systems by tuning the solvent concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Popov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Airat Khamzin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia
| | - Ray A Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Xiaobo Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Peter T Cummings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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17
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Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Phosphonium Ionic Liquids to Use as New Engineering Solvents. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a set of novel fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs), based on different tetra-alkyl-phosphonium cations with perfluorobutanesulfonate and perfluoropentanoate anions, were synthesized and characterized in order to check their suitability to apply as engineering solvents. Thermophysical and thermal properties were both determined between 293.15 and 353.15 K, and the molecular volumes and free volumes and the coefficients of isobaric thermal expansion were determined from experimental values of refractive index and density. Lastly, the Walden plot was used to evaluate the ionicity of the novel FILs. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was also determined using the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and the human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2). Finally, the results were all discussed with the aim of understanding the behaviour of these compounds, considering the influence of the anion and the hydrogenated alkyl chain length. In summary, the new FILs synthesized in this work present adequate properties for their application in different industrial processes. Most of these compounds are liquid at room temperature with high decomposition temperatures. All phosphonium-based FILs have lower densities than conventional ionic liquids and common organic solvents, and the viscosity depends directly on the selected anion. Furthermore, the ionicity of FILs based on the sulfonate anion is higher than those based on the carboxylate anion. Finally, the phosphonium-based FILs have no significant effect on cellular viability at lower concentrations.
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18
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Baba T, Kajita S, Shiga T, Ohba N. Fast evaluation technique for the shear viscosity and ionic conductivity of electrolyte solutions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7291. [PMID: 35508564 PMCID: PMC9068762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing need to obtain ideal materials for various applications, there is an increasing interest in computational methods to rapidly and accurately search for materials. Molecular dynamics simulation is one of the successful methods used to investigate liquid electrolytes with high transport properties applied in lithium-ion batteries. However, further reduction in computational cost is required to find a novel material with the desired properties from a large number of combinations. In this study, we demonstrate an effective fast evaluation technique for shear viscosity and ionic conductivity by molecular dynamics simulation for an exhaustive search of electrolyte materials with high transport properties. The proposed model was combined with a short-time correlation function of the stress tensor and empirical relationships to address the issues of inefficient and uncertain evaluation by conventional molecular dynamics methods. Because we focus on liquid electrolytes consisting of organic solvents and lithium salts, our model requires dissociation ratio and effective diffusion size of lithium salts. Our method is applied to search for the compositional combinations of electrolytes with superior transport properties even at low temperatures. These results correlate well with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Baba
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Seiji Kajita
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Tohru Shiga
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ohba
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
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19
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Watanabe H, Arai N, Jihae H, Kawana Y, Umebayashi Y. Ionic conduction within non-stoichiometric N-Methylimidazole-Acetic Acid Pseudo-Protic ionic liquid mixtures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Curnow OJ, Senthooran R. Highly-fluorinated Triaminocyclopropenium Ionic Liquids. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200139. [PMID: 35239986 PMCID: PMC9314049 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly‐fluorinated triaminocyclopropenium salts, with up to six fluorous groups, were prepared and their properties as ionic liquids investigated. Reaction of pentachlorocyclopropane or tetrachlorocyclopropene with bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)amine, HN(CH2CF3)2, occurs in the presence of a trialkylamine, NR3, to give cations with two fluorinated amino groups, [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)2(NR2)]+ (R=Et, Pr, Bu, Hex), with traces of [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)3]+. Use of appropriate reagent ratios and reaction times and subsequent addition of a dialkylamine, HNR'R”, gives cations with one fluorinated amino group, [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)(NR2)(NR'R”)]+ ((NR2)(NR'R”)=(NBu2)2, (NEt2)(NPr2), (NBu2)(NBuMe)). These cations were isolated as chloride salts and some of these were converted to bistriflamide, dicyanamide and triflate salts to provide ionic liquids. These salts were characterised by thermal (DSC and TGA) measurements and miscibility/solubility properties (determined in a range of solvents). Ionic liquids (ILs) were also characterised by density, viscosity and conductivity measurements where possible. X‐ray diffraction studies of chloride salts showed the formation of fluorous regions and more hydrophilic ionic regions in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen John Curnow
- University of Canterbury, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag 4800, 8002, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND
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21
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Harris KR. Thermodynamic or density scaling of the electrical conductivity of molten salts. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Harris
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 7916, Canberra BC, ACT 2610, Australia
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22
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Watanabe M. Advances in Organic Ionic Materials Based on Ionic Liquids and Polymers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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23
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Pabst F, Kraus J, Kloth S, Steinrücken E, Kruteva M, Radulescu A, Vogel M, Blochowicz T. Evidence of supercoolable nanoscale water clusters in an amorphous ionic liquid matrix. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174501. [PMID: 34742203 DOI: 10.1063/5.0066180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale water clusters in an ionic liquid matrix, also called "water pockets," were previously found in some mixtures of water with ionic liquids containing hydrophilic anions. However, in these systems, at least partial crystallization occurs upon supercooling. In this work, we show for mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide with water that none of the components crystallizes up to a water content of 72 mol. %. The dynamics of the ionic liquid matrix is monitored from above room temperature down to the glass transition by combining depolarized dynamic light scattering with broadband dielectric and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that the matrix behaves like a common glass former and stays amorphous in the whole temperature range. Moreover, we demonstrate by a combination of Raman spectroscopy, small angle neutron scattering, and molecular dynamics simulation that, indeed, nanoscale water clusters exist in this mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pabst
- TU Darmstadt, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kraus
- TU Darmstadt, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kloth
- TU Darmstadt, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elisa Steinrücken
- TU Darmstadt, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Margarita Kruteva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- TU Darmstadt, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Blochowicz
- TU Darmstadt, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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24
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Song F, Xiao Y, An S, Wan R, Xu Y, Peng C, Liu H. Prediction of Infinite Dilution Molar Conductivity for Unconventional Ions: A Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Song
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongjun Xiao
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuhao An
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ren Wan
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Changjun Peng
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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25
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Establishing a unified framework for ion solvation and transport in liquid and solid electrolytes. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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27
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Dubey V, Dueby S, Daschakraborty S. Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled water: the jump-diffusion perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19964-19986. [PMID: 34515269 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although water is the most ubiquitous liquid it shows many thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies. Some of the anomalies further intensify in the supercooled regime. While many experimental and theoretical studies have focused on the thermodynamic anomalies of supercooled water, fewer studies explored the dynamical anomalies very extensively. This is due to the intricacy of the experimental measurement of the dynamical properties of supercooled water. Violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation (SER), an important relation connecting the diffusion of particles with the viscosity of the medium, is one of the major dynamical anomalies. In absence of experimentally measured viscosity, researchers used to check the validity of SER indirectly using average translational relaxation time or α-relaxation time. Very recently, the viscosity of supercooled water was accurately measured at a wide range of temperatures and pressures. This allowed direct verification of the SER at different temperature-pressure thermodynamic state points. An increasing breakdown of the SER was observed with decreasing temperature. Increasing pressure reduces the extent of breakdown. Although some well-known theories explained the above breakdown, a detailed molecular mechanism was still elusive. Recently, a translational jump-diffusion (TJD) approach has been able to quantitatively explain the breakdown of the SER in pure supercooled water and an aqueous solution of methanol. The objective of this article is to present a detailed and state-of-the-art analysis of the past and present works on the breakdown of SER in supercooled water with a specific focus on the new TJD approach for explaining the breakdown of the SER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
| | - Shivam Dueby
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
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28
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Gudla H, Shao Y, Phunnarungsi S, Brandell D, Zhang C. Importance of the Ion-Pair Lifetime in Polymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8460-8464. [PMID: 34449227 PMCID: PMC8436209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ion pairing is commonly considered as a culprit for the reduced ionic conductivity in polymer electrolyte systems. However, this simple thermodynamic picture should not be taken literally, as ion pairing is a dynamical phenomenon. Here we construct model poly(ethylene oxide)-bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt systems with different degrees of ion pairing by tuning the solvent polarity and examine the relation between the cation-anion distinct conductivity σ+-d and the lifetime of ion pairs τ+- using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that there exist two distinct regimes where σ+-d scales with 1/τ+- and τ+-, respectively, and the latter is a signature of longer-lived ion pairs that contribute negatively to the total ionic conductivity. This suggests that ion pairs are kinetically different depending on the solvent polarity, which renders the ion-pair lifetime highly important when discussing its effect on ion transport in polymer electrolyte systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Gudla
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yunqi Shao
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Supho Phunnarungsi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Structure-Property Relation of Trimethyl Ammonium Ionic Liquids for Battery Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are attractive and safe electrolytes for diverse electrochemical applications such as advanced rechargeable batteries with high energy densities. Their properties that are beneficial for energy storage and conversion include negligible vapor-pressure, intrinsic conductivity as well as high stability. To explore the suitability of a series of ionic liquids with small ammonium cations for potential battery applications, we investigated their thermal and transport properties. We studied the influence of the symmetrical imide-type anions bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]−) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]−), side chain length and functionalization, as well as lithium salt content on the properties of the electrolytes. Many of the samples are liquid at ambient temperature, but their solidification temperatures show disparate behavior. The transport properties showed clear trends: the dynamics are accelerated for samples with the [FSI]− anion, shorter side chains, ether functionalization and lower amounts of lithium salts. Detailed insight was obtained from the diffusion coefficients of the different ions in the electrolytes, which revealed the formation of aggregates of lithium cations coordinated by anions. The ionic liquid electrolytes exhibit sufficient stability in NMC/Li half-cells at elevated temperatures with small current rates without the need of additional liquid electrolytes, although Li-plating was observed. Electrolytes containing [TFSI]− anions showed superior stability compared to those with [FSI]− anions in battery tests.
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30
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Reuter D, Münzner P, Gainaru C, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A, Böhmer R. Translational and reorientational dynamics in deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0045448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Reuter
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P. Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - P. Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A. Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - R. Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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31
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Fong KD, Self J, McCloskey BD, Persson KA. Ion Correlations and Their Impact on Transport in Polymer-Based Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara D. Fong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julian Self
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bryan D. McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Shigenobu K, Shibata M, Dokko K, Watanabe M, Fujii K, Ueno K. Anion effects on Li ion transference number and dynamic ion correlations in glyme-Li salt equimolar mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2622-2629. [PMID: 33475115 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To achieve single-ion conducting liquid electrolytes for the rapid charge and discharge of Li secondary batteries, improvement in the Li+ transference number of the electrolytes is integral. Few studies have established a feasible design for achieving Li+ transference numbers approaching unity in liquid electrolytes consisting of low-molecular-weight salts and solvents. Previously, we studied the effects of Li+-solvent interactions on the Li+ transference number in glyme- and sulfolane-based molten Li salt solvates and clarified the relationship between this transference number and correlated ion motions. In this study, to deepen our insight into the design principles of single-ion conducting liquid electrolytes, we focused on the effects of Li+-anion interactions on Li ion transport in glyme-Li salt equimolar mixtures with different counter anions. Interestingly, the equimolar triglyme (G3)-lithium trifluoroacetate (Li[TFA]) mixture ([Li(G3)][TFA]) demonstrated a high Li+ transference number, estimated via the potentiostatic polarization method (tPPLi = 0.90). Dynamic ion correlation studies suggested that the high tPPLi could be mainly ascribed to the strongly coupled Li+-anion motions in the electrolytes. Furthermore, high-energy X-ray total scattering measurements combined with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations showed that Li+ ions and [TFA] anions aggregated into ionic clusters with a relatively long-range ion-ordered structure. Therefore, the collective motions of the Li ions and anions in the form of highly aggregated ion clusters, which likely diminish rather than enhance ionic conductivity, play a significant role in achieving high tPPLi in liquid electrolytes. Based on the dynamic ion correlations, a potential design approach is discussed to accomplish single-ion conducting liquid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shigenobu
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Shibata
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. and Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujii
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. and Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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33
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Walz MM, van der Spoel D. Microscopic origins of conductivity in molten salts unraveled by computer simulations. Commun Chem 2021; 4:9. [PMID: 36697545 PMCID: PMC9814786 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molten salts are crucial materials in energy applications, such as batteries, thermal energy storage systems or concentrated solar power plants. Still, the determination and interpretation of basic physico-chemical properties like ionic conductivity, mobilities and transference numbers cause debate. Here, we explore a method for determination of ionic electrical mobilities based on non-equilibrium computer simulations. Partial conductivities are then determined as a function of system composition and temperature from simulations of molten LiFαClβIγ (with α + β + γ = 1). High conductivity does not necessarily coincide with high Li+ mobility for molten LiFαClβIγ systems at a given temperature. In salt mixtures, the lighter anions on average drift along with Li+ towards the negative electrode when applying an electric field and only the heavier anions move towards the positive electrode. In conclusion, the microscopic origin of conductivity in molten salts is unraveled here based on accurate ionic electrical mobilities and an analysis of the local structure and kinetics of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Madeleine Walz
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David van der Spoel
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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35
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Abstract
The extent to which cations and anions in ionic liquids (ILs) and ionic liquid solutions are dissociated is of both fundamental scientific interest and practical importance because ion dissociation has been shown to impact viscosity, density, surface tension, volatility, solubility, chemical reactivity, and many other important chemical and physical properties. When mixed with solvents, ionic liquids provide the unique opportunity to investigate ion dissociation from infinite dilution in the solvent to a completely solvent-free state, even at ambient conditions. The most common way to estimate ion dissociation in ILs and IL solutions is by comparing the molar conductivity determined from ionic conductivity measurements such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) (which measure the movement of only the charged, i.e., dissociated, ions) with the molar conductivity calculated from ion diffusivities measured by pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PFG-NMR, which gives movement of all of the ions). Because the NMR measurements are time-consuming, the number of ILs and IL solutions investigated by this method is relatively limited. We have shown that use of the Stokes-Einstein equation with estimates of the effective ion Stokes radii allows ion dissociation to be calculated from easily measured density, viscosity, and ionic conductivity data (ρ, η, λ), which is readily available in the literature for a much larger number of pure ILs and IL solutions. Therefore, in this review, we present values of ion dissociation for ILs and IL solutions (aqueous and nonaqueous) determined by both the traditional molar conductivity/PFG-NMR method and the ρ, η, λ method. We explore the effect of cation and anion alkyl chain length, structure, and interaction motifs of the cation and anion, temperature, and the strength of the solvent in IL solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Nordness
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joan F Brennecke
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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36
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Hakim L, Ishii Y, Matsumoto K, Hagiwara R, Ohara K, Umebayashi Y, Matubayasi N. Transport Properties of Ionic Liquid and Sodium Salt Mixtures for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrolytes from Molecular Dynamics Simulation with a Self-Consistent Atomic Charge Determination. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7291-7305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Hakim
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Ohara
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umebayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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37
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Shao Y, Shigenobu K, Watanabe M, Zhang C. Role of Viscosity in Deviations from the Nernst-Einstein Relation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4774-4780. [PMID: 32412758 PMCID: PMC7497660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deviations from the Nernst-Einstein relation are commonly attributed to ion-ion correlation and ion pairing. Despite the fact that these deviations can be quantified by either experimental measurements or molecular dynamics simulations, there is no rule of thumb to tell the extent of deviations. Here, we show that deviations from the Nernst-Einstein relation are proportional to the inverse viscosity by exploring the finite-size effect on transport properties under periodic boundary conditions. This conclusion is in accord with the established experimental results of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Shao
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, P.O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Keisuke Shigenobu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama
National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama
National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, P.O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Reddy TDN, Mallik BS. Ionic Dynamics of Hydroxylammonium Ionic Liquids: A Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4960-4974. [PMID: 32452686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Th. Dhileep N. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Bhabani S. Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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39
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Shen KH, Hall LM. Ion Conductivity and Correlations in Model Salt-Doped Polymers: Effects of Interaction Strength and Concentration. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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40
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Harris KR. Comments on “preparation and transport properties of novel lithium ionic liquids [electrochim. Acta 50 (2004) 1–5]” and “ion transport properties of lithium ionic liquids and their ion gels. [Electrochim. acta 50 (2005) 3872–3877]”. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Zhang Z, Wheatle BK, Krajniak J, Keith JR, Ganesan V. Ion Mobilities, Transference Numbers, and Inverse Haven Ratios of Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:84-89. [PMID: 35638661 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We probe the ion mobilities, transference numbers, and inverse Haven ratio of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids as a function of their molecular weight using a combination of atomistic equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast to expectations, we demonstrate that the inverse Haven ratio increases with increasing degree of polymerization (N) and then decreases at larger N. For a fixed center of mass reference frame, we demonstrate that such results arise as a consequence of the strong cation-cation correlated motions, which exceed (in magnitude) the self-diffusivity of cations. Together, our findings challenge the premise underlying the pursuit of pure polymeric ionic liquids as high transference number, single-ion conducting electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bill K. Wheatle
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jakub Krajniak
- Independent researcher, os. Kosmonautow 13/56, 61-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jordan R. Keith
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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42
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Marium M, Hoque M, Miran MS, Thomas ML, Kawamura I, Ueno K, Dokko K, Watanabe M. Rheological and Ionic Transport Properties of Nanocomposite Electrolytes Based on Protic Ionic Liquids and Silica Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:148-158. [PMID: 31808690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of hydrophilic silica nanoparticle (AEROSIL 200) addition on the rheological and transport properties of several protic ionic liquids (PILs) consisting of protonated 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene cation (DBU) was studied. Interactions between the surface silanol groups of the silica nanoparticles and the ions of these PILs affected the nature of particle aggregation and the hydrogen bonding environment, which was reflected in the nonlinear rheological behaviors and transport properties of their colloidal suspensions. In contrast to shear-thinning gels formed by colloidal suspensions of the silica nanoparticles in [DBU][TFSA] ([TFSA] = [N(SO2CF3)2]), [DBU][TfO] ([TfO] = [CF3SO3]), and [DBU][TFA] ([TFA] = [CF3CO2]), a shear-thickening stable suspension was formed in the [DBU][MSA] ([MSA] = [CH3SO3]) system. A relatively strong interaction between the silanol groups and the ions of [DBU][MSA] and the ability of this PIL to form a thicker solvation layer through hydrogen bonding were assumed to be responsible for this unique behavior. Moreover, the [DBU][MSA]-silica system showed a large enhancement in the conductivity at a certain silica concentration. This enhancement was not observed in the other PIL-silica composites that exhibited shear-thinning behavior. Even though diffusion of ions was found to be restricted in the presence of silica, a preferentially stronger interaction between [MSA] anions and the silica surface resulted in an increase in the number of charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeesha Marium
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Mahfuzul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Muhammed Shah Miran
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Morgan L Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Izuru Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
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43
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Fiates J, Zhang Y, Franco LFM, Maginn EJ, Doubek G. Impact of anion shape on Li+ solvation and on transport properties for lithium–air batteries: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15842-15852. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the influence of the anion shape over the solvation structure and transport properties over commonly employed Li–O2 electrolytes and discuss their implications for the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Fiates
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Campinas
- Campinas 13083-852
- Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Luís F. M. Franco
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Campinas
- Campinas 13083-852
- Brazil
| | - Edward J. Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Gustavo Doubek
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Campinas
- Campinas 13083-852
- Brazil
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44
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Ishii Y, Matubayasi N. Self-Consistent Scheme Combining MD and Order- N DFT Methods: An Improved Set of Nonpolarizable Force Fields for Ionic Liquids. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:651-665. [PMID: 31873016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nonpolarizable force field of ionic liquids is tuned by using the self-consistent scheme of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and first-principles calculation based on the order-N density functional theory (DFT). The atomic charges are determined by using the whole MD cell for DFT calculation and accounts effectively for the many-body effects of charge transfer and intramolecular polarization. The charges represent effective interactions in the condensed phase within the framework of the nonpolarizable force field and can be an alternative for an explicitly many-body model incorporating, for example, polarizability. Here we demonstrate the performance of nonpolarizable force field determined with the MD-DFT self-consistent scheme in imidazolium-, pyrrolidinium-, and ammonium-based ionic liquids. The variation ranges of molecular charges are much larger with the compositions of the ionic liquid than with the thermodynamic conditions, and the charge-ordering structures become systematically weaker with the effective charges. For energetic properties, while the calculated heat of vaporization depends on the atomic and molecular charges, the corresponding heat capacity is not strongly affected by the DFT-based variation. For transport properties, the self-diffusion coefficient, electrical conductivity, and viscosity vary much more in the self-consistent scheme. The effective DFT charge is observed to enhance the fluidity of ionic liquids and improve the accuracy of electrical conductivity and viscosity. This is due to the weakened interactions among the ions, and the too slow motions observed with a full-charge model are well corrected through the iteration of MD and DFT. We therefore conclude that the set of nonpolarizable force fields obtained with the MD-DFT self-consistent scheme leads to better description of transport properties of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishii
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries , Kyoto University , Katsura , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
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45
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Triolo A, Lo Celso F, Ottaviani C, Ji P, Appetecchi GB, Leonelli F, Keeble DS, Russina O. Structural features of selected protic ionic liquids based on a super-strong base. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25369-25378. [PMID: 31709430 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids (PIL) were prepared from a super-strong base 1,7-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and super-strong acids, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TfOH), and (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide, (IM14H), ([DBUH][TfO] and [DBUH][IM14], respectively; the latter for the first time) and their chemical and physical properties and structural features have been explored using a synergy of experimental and computational tools. The short range order in neat DBU, as well as the long range structural correlations induced by charge correlation and hydrogen bonding interactions in the ionic liquids, have been explored under ambient conditions, where these compounds are proposed for a variety of applications. Similar to other [DBUH]-based PILs, the probed ones behave as good ionic liquids. Molecular dynamics-rationalised X-ray diffraction patterns show the major role played by hydrogen bonding in affecting morphology in these systems. Additionally, we find further evidence for the existence of fluorous domains in [DBUH][IM14], thus potentially extending the range of applications for these PILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Ottaviani
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Pengju Ji
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Dean S Keeble
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Olga Russina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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46
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Vargas‐Barbosa NM, Roling B. Dynamic Ion Correlations in Solid and Liquid Electrolytes: How Do They Affect Charge and Mass Transport? ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Vargas‐Barbosa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - B. Roling
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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47
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Matsumoto R, Thompson MW, Cummings PT. Ion Pairing Controls Physical Properties of Ionic Liquid-Solvent Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9944-9955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Matthew W. Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Peter T. Cummings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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48
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Delgado-Mellado N, Ayuso M, García J, Rodríguez F. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon diffusion coefficients at infinite dilution in [emim][DCA] and [4empy][Tf2N] ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Harris KR. On the Use of the Angell–Walden Equation To Determine the “Ionicity” of Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7014-7023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Harris
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, P.O.
Box 7916, Canberra BC ACT 2610, Australia
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Watanabe H, Umecky T, Arai N, Nazet A, Takamuku T, Harris KR, Kameda Y, Buchner R, Umebayashi Y. Possible Proton Conduction Mechanism in Pseudo-Protic Ionic Liquids: A Concept of Specific Proton Conduction. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6244-6252. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi, 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Umecky
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Nana Arai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi, 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
| | - Andreas Nazet
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Toshiyuki Takamuku
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kenneth R. Harris
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 7916, Canberra BC, Australian Capital Territory 2610, Australia
| | - Yasuo Kameda
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12, Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata City, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Richard Buchner
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Umebayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi, 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
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