1
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Zhao L, Geng X, Wang J, Liu Y, Yan W, Xu Z, Chen J. Excited-state dynamics of 3-hydroxychromone in gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39028298 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, 3-hydroxychromone (3-HC) and its derivatives have attracted much interest for their applications as molecular photoswitches and fluorescent probes. A clear understanding of their excited-state dynamics is essential for their applications and further development of new functional 3-HC derivatives. However, the deactivation mechanism of the photoexcited 3-HC family is still puzzling as their spectral properties are sensitive to the surrounding medium and substituents. The excited-state relaxation channels of 3-HC have been a matter of intense debate. In the current work, we thoroughly investigated the excited-state decay process of the 3-HC system in the gas phase using high-level electronic structure calculations and on-the-fly excited-state dynamic simulations intending to provide insight into the intrinsic photochemical properties of the 3-HC system. A new deactivation mechanism is proposed in the gas phase, which is different from that in solvents. The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process that occurs in solutions is not preferred in the gas phase due to the existence of a sizable energy barrier (∼0.8 eV), and thus, no dual fluorescence is found. On the contrary, the non-radiative decay process is the dominant decay channel, which is driven by photoisomerization combined with ring-puckering and ring-opening processes. The results coincide with the observations of an experiment performed in a supersonic jet by Itoh (M. Itoh, Pure Appl. Chem., 1993, 65(8), 1629-1634). The current work indicates that the solution environment plays an important role in regulating the excited-state dynamic behaviour of the 3-HC system. This study thus provides theoretical guidance for the rational design and improvement of the photochemical properties of the 3-HC system and paves the way for further investigation into its photochemical properties in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuehui Geng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiangyue Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenhui Yan
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhijie Xu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 KøbenhavnØ, Denmark.
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2
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Kuntze K, Pooler DRS, Di Donato M, Hilbers MF, van der Meulen P, Buma WJ, Priimagi A, Feringa BL, Crespi S. A visible-light-driven molecular motor based on barbituric acid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8458-8465. [PMID: 37592992 PMCID: PMC10430646 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a class of visible-light-driven molecular motors based on barbituric acid. Due to a serendipitous reactivity we observed during their synthesis, these motors possess a tertiary stereogenic centre on the upper half, characterised by a hydroxy group. Using a combination of femto- and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and low-temperature 1H NMR experiments we found that these motors operate similarly to push-pull second-generation overcrowded alkene-based molecular motors. Interestingly, the hydroxy group at the stereocentre enables a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl groups of the barbituric acid lower half, which drives a sub-picosecond excited-state isomerisation, as observed spectroscopically. Computational simulations predict an excited state "lasso" mechanism where the intramolecular hydrogen bond pulls the molecule towards the formation of the metastable state, with a high predicted quantum yield of isomerisation (68%) in gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kuntze
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Meulen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
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3
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Pooler DRS, Lubbe AS, Crespi S, Feringa BL. Designing light-driven rotary molecular motors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14964-14986. [PMID: 34909140 PMCID: PMC8612399 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce and amplify motion at the molecular scale has seen tremendous progress ranging from simple molecular rotors to responsive materials. In the two decades since the discovery of light-driven rotary molecular motors, the development of these molecules has been extensive; moving from the realm of molecular chemistry to integration into dynamic molecular systems. They have been identified as actuators holding great potential to precisely control the dynamics of nanoscale devices, but integrating molecular motors effectively into evermore complex artificial molecular machinery is not trivial. Maximising efficiency without compromising function requires conscious and judicious selection of the structures used. In this perspective, we focus on the key aspects of motor design and discuss how to manipulate these properties without impeding motor integrity. Herein, we describe these principles in the context of molecular rotary motors featuring a central double bond axle and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of each design, providing a comprehensive evaluation of all artificial light-driven rotary motor scaffolds currently present in the literature. Based on this discussion, we will explore the trajectory of research into the field of molecular motors in the coming years, including challenges to be addressed, potential applications, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anouk S Lubbe
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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4
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Paolino M, Giovannini T, Manathunga M, Latterini L, Zampini G, Pierron R, Léonard J, Fusi S, Giorgi G, Giuliani G, Cappelli A, Cappelli C, Olivucci M. On the Transition from a Biomimetic Molecular Switch to a Rotary Molecular Motor. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3875-3884. [PMID: 33856801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The experimental investigation of the unidirectional motion characterizing the photoisomerization of single-molecule rotary motors requires accessible lab prototypes featuring an electronic circular dichroism (ECD) signal that is sensitive to the geometrical and electronic changes occurring during an ultrafast reactive process. Here we report a combined experimental/computational study of a candidate obtained via the asymmetrization of a light-driven biomimetic molecular switch. We show that the achieved motor has an ECD band that is remarkably sensitive to the isomerization motion, and it is therefore suitable for time-resolved ECD studies. However, we also find that, unexpectedly, the synthesized motor isomerizes on a time scale longer than the subpicosecond time measured for the achiral parent, a result that points to alternative candidates conserving a high reaction speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0001, United States
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Zampini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Robin Pierron
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0001, United States
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5
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Hu Y, Xu C, Ye L, Gu FL, Zhu C. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation for the ultrafast photoisomerization of dMe-OMe-NAIP based on TDDFT on-the-fly potential energy surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5236-5243. [PMID: 33629668 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global switching on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping molecular dynamics simulation was performed on the accurate TD-B3LYP/6-31G* potential energy surfaces for E-to-Z and Z-to-E photoisomerization of dMe-OMe-NAIP up to S1(ππ*) excitation. The present TD(DFT) simulation provides accurate calculation for conical intersections between the first-excited and ground states. Thus, simulated quantum yield and lifetime of 0.23 and 620 fs (0.15 and 600 fs) for E-to-Z (Z-to-E) isomerization are in good (relatively good) agreement with experimental observation of 0.25 and 480 fs (0.24 and 430 fs), respectively. Simulated results reveal that photoisomerization pathways are initially uphill to conical intersection zones on the S1 potential energy surface and then downhill to product zones. Three types of representative conical intersections are found for determining photoisomerization mechanisms: one is the rotation type responsible for reactive isomerization and the other two are close to E and Z configurations, respectively, only for nonreactive isomerization. The present conclusions can be held in general for similar large NAIP systems of photoinduced isomerization based on E and Z configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China.
| | - Linfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China. and Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China. and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. and Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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6
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7
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Gueye M, Paolino M, Gindensperger E, Haacke S, Olivucci M, Léonard J. Vibrational coherence and quantum yield of retinal-chromophore-inspired molecular switches. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:299-321. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV-Vis transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is used to carry out a systematic investigation of the ultrafast CC double photoisomerization dynamics and quantum yield of each isomer of a set of six chromophores based on the same retinal-inspired, indanylidene pyrrolinium (IP) molecular framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gueye
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- F-67034 Strasbourg
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie
- Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Siena
- I-53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique
- Institut de Chimie
- UMR 7177
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- F-67034 Strasbourg
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie
- Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Siena
- I-53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- F-67034 Strasbourg
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8
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Schapiro I, Gueye M, Paolino M, Fusi S, Marchand G, Haacke S, Martin ME, Huntress M, Vysotskiy VP, Veryazov V, Léonard J, Olivucci M. Synthesis, spectroscopy and QM/MM simulations of a biomimetic ultrafast light-driven molecular motor. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2259-2269. [PMID: 31347633 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular motor potentially performing a continuous unidirectional rotation is studied by a multidisciplinary approach including organic synthesis, transient spectroscopy and excited state trajectory calculations. A stereogenic center was introduced in the N-alkylated indanylidene-pyrroline Schiff base framework of a previously investigated light-driven molecular switch in order to achieve the unidirectional C[double bond, length as m-dash]C rotary motion typical of Feringa's motor. Here we report that the specific substitution pattern of the designed chiral molecule must critically determine the unidirectional efficiency of the light-induced rotary motion. More specifically, we find that a stereogenic center containing a methyl group and a hydrogen atom as substituents does not create a differential steric effect large enough to fully direct the motion in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction especially along the E→Z coordinate. However, due to the documented ultrafast character and electronic circular dichroism activity of the investigated system, we find that it provides the basis for development of a novel generation of rotary motors with a biomimetic framework and operating on a picosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Schapiro
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Moussa Gueye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Gabriel Marchand
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Elena Martin
- Area de Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas sn, E-06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Mark Huntress
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Victor P Vysotskiy
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Valera Veryazov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy. and Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green Ohio 43403, USA
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9
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Young JD, Honick CR, Zhou J, Pitts CR, Ghorbani F, Peters GM, Lectka T, Tovar JD, Bragg AE. Energy- and conformer-dependent excited-state relaxation of an E/Z photoswitchable thienyl-ethene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14440-14452. [PMID: 30920561 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(bithienyl)-1,2-dicyanoethene (4TCE) is a photoswitch that operates via reversible E/Z photoisomerization following absorption of visible light. cis-to-trans photoisomerization of 4TCE requires excitation below 470 nm, is relatively inefficient (quantum yield < 5%) and occurs via the lowest-lying triplet. We present excitation-wavelength dependent (565-420 nm) transient absorption (TA) studies to probe the photophysics of cis-to-trans isomerization to identify sources of switching inefficiency. TA data reveals contributions from more than one switch conformer and relaxation cascades between multiple states. Fast (∼4 ps) and slow (∼40 ps) components of spectral dynamics observed at low excitation energies (>470 nm) are readily attributed to deactivation of two conformers; this assignment is supported by computed thermal populations and absorption strengths of two molecular geometries (PA and PB) characterized by roughly parallel dipoles for the thiophenes on opposite sides of the ethene bond. Only the PB conformer is found to contribute to triplet population and the switching of cis-4TCE: high-energy excitation (<470 nm) of PB involves direct excitation to S2, relaxation from which prepares an ISC-active S1 geometry (ISC QY 0.4-0.67, kISC∼ 1.6-2.6 × 10-9 s-1) that is the gateway to triplet population and isomerization. We ascribe low cis-to-trans isomerization yield to excitation of the nonreactive PA conformer (75-85% loss) as well as loses along the PB S2→ S1→ T1 cascade (10-20% loss). In contrast, electrocyclization is inhibited by the electronic character of the excited states, as well as a non-existent thermal population of a reactive "antiparallel" ring conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie D Young
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Chana R Honick
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Cody R Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Fereshte Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Garvin M Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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10
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Pagano K, Paolino M, Fusi S, Zanirato V, Trapella C, Giuliani G, Cappelli A, Zanzoni S, Molinari H, Ragona L, Olivucci M. Bile Acid Binding Protein Functionalization Leads to a Fully Synthetic Rhodopsin Mimic. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2235-2243. [PMID: 30995409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhodopsins are photoreceptive proteins using light to drive a plethora of biological functions such as vision, proton and ion pumping, cation and anion channeling, and gene and enzyme regulation. Here we combine organic synthesis, NMR structural studies, and photochemical characterization to show that it is possible to prepare a fully synthetic mimic of rhodopsin photoreceptors. More specifically, we conjugate a bile acid binding protein with a synthetic mimic of the rhodopsin protonated Schiff base chromophore to achieve a covalent complex featuring an unnatural protein host, photoswitch, and photoswitch-protein linkage with a reverse orientation. We show that, in spite of its molecular-level diversity, light irradiation of the prepared mimic fuels a photochromic cycle driven by sequential photochemical and thermal Z/E isomerizations reminiscent of the photocycles of microbial rhodopsins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Pagano
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR , Via A. Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | | | | | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche , Università di Verona , Strada Le Grazie , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR , Via A. Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR , Via A. Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
- Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
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11
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Snyder JA, Bragg AE. Ultrafast Pump-Repump-Probe Photochemical Hole Burning as a Probe of Excited-State Reaction Pathway Branching. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5847-5854. [PMID: 30226782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate pump-repump-probe (PRP) transient hole burning as a spectroscopic tool for differentiating reactive from nonreactive deactivation of excited photochemical reactants observed by transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). This method utilizes a time-delayed, wavelength-tunable ultrafast pulse to alter the excited reactant population, with the impact of "repumping" quantified through depletions in photoproduct absorption. We apply this approach to characterize dynamics affecting the nonadiabatic photocyclization efficiency to form S0 dihydrotriphenylene (DHT) following 266 nm excitation of ortho-terphenyl (OTP). TAS studies revealed bimodal deactivation of OTP*, but neither relaxation time scale (700 fs and 3.0 ps) could be assigned unambiguously to DHT formation due to overlap of excited-state and product spectra. PRP studies reveal that S1 OTP only cyclizes on the slower of these time scales, with the faster process attributable to nonreactive deactivation. We demonstrate that this method offers greater photochemical insights without assuming models to globally fit spectral transients collected by TAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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12
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Gueye M, Manathunga M, Agathangelou D, Orozco Y, Paolino M, Fusi S, Haacke S, Olivucci M, Léonard J. Engineering the vibrational coherence of vision into a synthetic molecular device. Nat Commun 2018; 9:313. [PMID: 29358689 PMCID: PMC5778125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-induced double-bond isomerization of the visual pigment rhodopsin operates a molecular-level optomechanical energy transduction, which triggers a crucial protein structure change. In fact, rhodopsin isomerization occurs according to a unique, ultrafast mechanism that preserves mode-specific vibrational coherence all the way from the reactant excited state to the primary photoproduct ground state. The engineering of such an energy-funnelling function in synthetic compounds would pave the way towards biomimetic molecular machines capable of achieving optimum light-to-mechanical energy conversion. Here we use resonance and off-resonance vibrational coherence spectroscopy to demonstrate that a rhodopsin-like isomerization operates in a biomimetic molecular switch in solution. Furthermore, by using quantum chemical simulations, we show why the observed coherent nuclear motion critically depends on minor chemical modifications capable to induce specific geometric and electronic effects. This finding provides a strategy for engineering vibrationally coherent motions in other synthetic systems. The ultrafast, vibrationally coherent photoisomerization of rhodopsin is a model of efficient photomechanical energy conversion at the molecular scale. Here, the authors demonstrate a similar photoreaction in synthetic compounds, unraveling the underlying mechanism and discussing its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gueye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Damianos Agathangelou
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yoelvis Orozco
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France. .,Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA. .,Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France.
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13
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Kieda RD, Dunkelberger AD, Case AS, Crim FF. Solvent Dependent Dynamics of Salicylidene Aniline in Binary Mixtures of Supercritical CO2 with 1-Propanol or Cyclohexane. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:835-842. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Kieda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Adam D. Dunkelberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amanda S. Case
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - F. Fleming Crim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Hu MX, Xu T, Momen R, Huan G, Kirk SR, Jenkins S, Filatov M. A QTAIM and stress tensor investigation of the torsion path of a light-driven fluorene molecular rotary motor. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2588-96. [PMID: 27671359 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The utility of the QTAIM/stress tensor analysis method for characterizing the photoisomerization of light driven molecular rotary machines is investigated on the example of the torsion path in fluorene molecular motor. The scalar and vector descriptors of QTAIM/stress tensor reveal additional information on the bonding interactions between the rotating units of the motor, which cannot be obtained from the analysis of the ground and excited state potential energy surfaces. The topological features of the fluorene motor molecular graph display that, upon the photoexcitation a certain increase in the torsional stiffness of the rotating bond can be attributed to the increasing topological stability of the rotor carbon atom attached to the rotation axle. The established variations in the torsional stiffness of the rotating bond may cause transfer of certain fraction of the torsional energy to other internal degrees of freedom, such as the pyramidalization distortion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Roya Momen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Guo Huan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Michael Filatov
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
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15
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Gueye M, Nillon J, Crégut O, Léonard J. Broadband UV-Vis vibrational coherence spectrometer based on a hollow fiber compressor. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:093109. [PMID: 27782548 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a broadband transient absorption (TA) spectrometer devised to excite and probe, in the blue to UV range, vibrational coherence dynamics in organic molecules in condensed phase. A 800-nm Ti:Sa amplifier and a hollow fiber compressor are used to generate a 6-fs short pulse at 1 kHz. Broadband sum frequency generation with the fundamental pulse is implemented to produce a 400-nm, 8-fs Fourier limited short pulse. A UV-Vis white-light supercontinuum is implemented as a probe with intensity self-referencing to achieve a shot-noise-limited sensitivity. Rapid scanning of the pump-probe delay is shown very efficient in suppressing the noise resulting from low-frequency pump intensity fluctuations. Using either of the 800-nm or 400-nm broadband pulses as the pump for TA spectroscopy of organic molecules in solution, we resolve oscillatory signals down to the 320 nm probing wavelength with a 3200 cm-1 FWHM bandwidth. Their Fourier transformation reveals the corresponding molecular vibrational spectra. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this setup as a vibrational coherence spectrometer for the investigation of the vibrational dynamics accompanying the sub-ps C=C photoisomerization of a retinal-like molecular switch through a conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gueye
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Julien Nillon
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Olivier Crégut
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
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16
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Paolino M, Gueye M, Pieri E, Manathunga M, Fusi S, Cappelli A, Latterini L, Pannacci D, Filatov M, Léonard J, Olivucci M. Design, Synthesis, and Dynamics of a Green Fluorescent Protein Fluorophore Mimic with an Ultrafast Switching Function. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9807-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Moussa Gueye
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Pieri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio, United States
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Pannacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Filatov
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio, United States
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies, 5, allée du Général
Rouvillois F-67083 Strasbourg, France
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17
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Nikiforov A, Gamez JA, Thiel W, Filatov M. Computational Design of a Family of Light-Driven Rotary Molecular Motors with Improved Quantum Efficiency. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:105-10. [PMID: 26670164 PMCID: PMC4707559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new light-driven molecular rotary motors based on the N-alkylated indanylidene benzopyrrole frameworks are proposed and studied using quantum chemical calculations and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. These new motors perform pure axial rotation, and the photochemical steps of the rotary cycle are dominated by the fast bond-length-alternation motion that enables ultrafast access to the S1/S0 intersection. The new motors are predicted to display a quantum efficiency higher than that of the currently available synthetic all-hydrocarbon motors. Remarkably, the quantum efficiency is not governed by the topography (peaked versus sloped) of the minimum-energy conical intersection, whereas the S1 decay time depends on the topography as well as on the energy of the intersection relative to the S1 minimum. It is the axial chirality (helicity), rather than the point chirality, that controls the sense of rotation of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikiforov
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jose A. Gamez
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Filatov
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
- Department of Chemistry, School
of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute
of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
- E-mail:
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18
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Hu D, Huang J, Xie Y, Yue L, Zhuang X, Lan Z. Nonadiabatic dynamics and photoisomerization of biomimetic photoswitches. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Dunkelberger AD, Kieda RD, Marsh BM, Crim FF. Picosecond Dynamics of Avobenzone in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6155-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Dunkelberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ryan D. Kieda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brett M. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - F. Fleming Crim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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20
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Snyder JA, Bragg AE. Structural Control of Nonadiabatic Bond Formation: The Photochemical Formation and Stability of Substituted 4a,4b-Dihydrotriphenylenes. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3972-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Arthur E. Bragg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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21
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Molloy MS, Snyder JA, Bragg AE. Structural and Solvent Control of Nonadiabatic Photochemical Bond Formation: Photocyclization of o-Terphenyl in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3913-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501988g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly S. Molloy
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Joshua A. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Arthur E. Bragg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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22
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Filatov M, Olivucci M. Designing Conical Intersections for Light-Driven Single Molecule Rotary Motors: From Precessional to Axial Motion. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3587-600. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Filatov
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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23
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Raster P, Schmidt A, Rambow M, Kuzmanovic N, König B, Hilt G. Immobilisation of photoswitchable diarylcyclohexenes synthesised via cobalt-mediated Diels-Alder reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1864-6. [PMID: 24402313 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalised photoswitches--photochromic dithienylcyclohexenes--were prepared in two steps by a cobalt-mediated Diels-Alder reaction of internal alkynes with the isoprenylpinacolboronic ester. The three-component one-pot reaction sequence provides the photochromic dithienylcyclohexenes in up to 67% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Raster
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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24
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Smith MC, Snyder JA, Streifel BC, Bragg AE. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of ortho-Terphenyl and 1,2-Diphenylcyclohexene: The Role of "Ethylenic Twisting" in the Nonadiabatic Photocyclization of Stilbene Analogs. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1895-1900. [PMID: 26283126 DOI: 10.1021/jz400674n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic photocyclization is the fundamental step underlying photoswitching and light-assisted bond formation within diarylethylenes, yet the details of the nuclear dynamics leading to cyclization remain unclear. We have examined the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of o-terphenyl (OTP) and 1,2-diphenylcyclohexene (DPCH) in solution to determine how variation in structural constraints impacts the course of nonadiabatic photocyclization specifically in stilbenoids. Measured spectral dynamics reflect cyclization through a S1-to-S0 transition for both systems on picosecond time scales, with excited-state decay appreciably faster for DPCH versus OTP. Supportive ab initio calculations reveal a higher energetic penalty in OTP versus DPCH for reaching the lowest-energy conical intersection from the S1 minimum; this penalty is associated primarily with twisting about the carbon-carbon bond that bridges terminal phenyl groups, a structural change that has a critical role in nonadiabatic cis-trans isomerization of diarylethylenes. Findings provide a new experimental perspective on the elusive nuclear dynamics underlying cis-stilbene photocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Joshua A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin C Streifel
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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25
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Léonard J, Polli D, Cerullo G, Olivucci M, Haacke S. Influence of the Chemical Design on the Coherent Photoisomerization of Biomimetic Molecular Switches. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Weingart O, Garavelli M. Modelling vibrational coherence in the primary rhodopsin photoproduct. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:22A523. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4742814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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