1
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Nan Y, MacKerell AD. Balancing Group I Monatomic Ion-Polar Compound Interactions for Condensed Phase Simulation in the Polarizable Drude Force Field. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3242-3257. [PMID: 38588064 PMCID: PMC11039353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a commonly used method for investigating molecular behavior at the atomic level. Achieving reliable MD simulation results necessitates the use of an accurate force field. In the present work, we present a protocol to enhance the quality of group 1 monatomic ions (specifically Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) with respect to their interactions with common polar model compounds in biomolecules in condensed phases in the context of the Drude polarizable force field. Instead of adjusting preexisting individual parameters for ions, model compounds, and water, we employ atom-pair specific Lennard-Jones (LJ) (known as NBFIX in CHARMM) and through-space Thole dipole screening (NBTHOLE) terms to fine-tune the balance of ion-model compound, ion-water, and model compound-water interactions. This involved establishing a protocol for the optimization of NBFIX and NBTHOLE parameters targeting the difference between molecular mechanical (MM) and quantum mechanical (QM) potential energy scans (PES). It is shown that targeting PES involving complexes that include multiple model compounds and/or ions as trimers and tetramers yields parameters that produce condensed phase properties in agreement with experimental data. Validation of this protocol involved the reproduction of experimental thermodynamic benchmarks, including solvation free energies of ions in methanol and N-methylacetamide, osmotic pressures, ionic conductivities, and diffusion coefficients within the condensed phase. These results show the importance of including more complex ion-model compound complexes beyond dimers in the QM target data to account for many-body effects during parameter fitting. The presented parameters represent a significant refinement of the Drude polarizable force field, which will lead to improved accuracy for modeling ion-biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Nan
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 MD
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 MD
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2
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Lee Y, Cho J, Kim J, Lee WB, Jho Y. Anomalous diffusion of lithium-anion clusters in ionic liquids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:105. [PMID: 37917274 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion transport is significantly retarded in ionic liquids (ILs). In this work, we performed extensive molecular dynamics simulations to mimic the kinetics of lithium ions in ILs using [N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidium (pyr[Formula: see text])][bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Ntf[Formula: see text])] with added LiNtf[Formula: see text] salt. And we analyzed their transport, developing a two-state model and comparing it to the machine learning-identified states. The transport of lithium ions involves local shell exchanges of the Ntf[Formula: see text] in the medium. We calculated train size distributions over various time scales. The train size distribution decays as a power law, representing non-Poissonian bursty shell exchanges. We analyzed the non-Poissonian processes of lithium ions transport as a two-state (soft and hard) model. We analytically calculated the transition probability of the two-state model, which fits well to the lifetime autocorrelation functions of LiNtf[Formula: see text] shells. To identify two states, we introduced the graph neutral network incorporating local molecular structure. The results reveal that the shell-soft state mainly contributes to the transport of the lithium ions, and their contribution is more important in low temperatures. Hence, it is the key for enhanced lithium ion transport to increase the fraction of the shell-soft state.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeongKyu Lee
- Department of Physics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinjudae-ro 501, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - JunBeom Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Kim
- Department of Physics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinjudae-ro 501, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - YongSeok Jho
- Department of Physics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinjudae-ro 501, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zhang Z, Marioni N, Sachar HS, Ganesan V. Polymer Architecture-Induced Trade-off between Conductivities and Transference Numbers in Salt-Doped Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1351-1357. [PMID: 37728528 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that polymeric ionic liquids that share the same cation and anion but possess different architectures can exhibit markedly different conductivity and transference number characteristics when doped with lithium salt. In this study, we used atomistic molecular simulations on polymer chemistries inspired by the experiments to probe the mechanistic origins underlying the competition between conductivity and transference numbers. Our results indicate that the architecture of the polycationic ionic liquid plays a subtle but crucial role in modulating the anion-cation interactions, especially their dynamical coordination characteristics. Chemistries leading to longer-lived anion-cation coordinations relative to lithium-anion coordinations lead to lower conductivities and higher transference numbers. Our results suggest that higher conductivities are accompanied by lower transference numbers and vice versa, revealing that alternative approaches may need to be considered to break this trade-off in salt-doped polyILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nico Marioni
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Harnoor S Sachar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Zhu J, Kang C, Mo S, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Kong F, Yin G. Regulating the Solvation Shell Structure of Lithium Ions for Smooth Li Metal Deposition in Quasi-Solid-State Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202060. [PMID: 36633554 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) are promising next-generation electrolytes for high-energy batteries, combining the multiple advantages of liquid and all-solid-state electrolytes. Herein, we a synthesized GPE using poly(ethylene glycol)acrylate (PEGDA) in order to understand how the GPE efficiently inhibits lithium dendrite formation and growth. The effects of PEGDA on the solvation shell structure of the lithium ion are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, which are also supported by Raman spectroscopy. The GPE electrolytes with optimal PEGDA concentration exhibit high transference numbers (t Li + ${{_{{\rm Li}{^{+}}}}}$ =0.72) and ionic conductivity (σ=3.24 mS cm-1 ). A symmetric lithium ion battery using GPE can be stably cycled for 1200 h in comparison to 320 h in a liquid electrolyte (LE), possibly owing to the high content of LiF (17.9 %) in the solid-electrolyte interphase film of the GPE cell. The observed concentration/electric field gradient observed through the finite element method also accounts for the good cycling performance. In addition, a LiCoO2 |GPE|Li cell demonstrates excellent capacity retention of 87.09 % for 200 cycles; this approach could present promising guidelines for the design of high-energy lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Cong Kang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shengkai Mo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fanpeng Kong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Geping Yin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
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5
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Xin M, Liu Z, Shi Y, Li D, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Chen S, Sun H, Xie H, Liu Y. Regulating the solvation chemistry of non-flammable high voltage electrolyte through salt-solvent ratio modulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:820-828. [PMID: 37060648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Boosting the energy density and safety issue of lithium-ion batteries has become ever more important to satisfy the diverse applications such as energy storage and mobile electronic devices. Herein, we present a new high voltage polyether-based electrolyte (HVPEE) by solvation structure design that can endure high-voltage operations and also possess non-flammable features. Especially, HVPEEs show better compatibility and stability with electrode than conventional electrolyte. We find that the solvent separated ion pair (SSIP) and contact ion pair (CIP) dominate the ion-solvent structure of HVPEEs, rather than the free solvent and ions. In this way, the oxidative decomposition of HVPEE on the cathode interface can be suppressed significantly due to the reduced highest occupied molecular orbital of SSIP complex structure than that of free TFSI-. As a result, the oxidation voltage can achieve as high as 5.35 V when the ether group/Li is optimized at 10/1 in the HVPEE, enabling the LiFePO4//Li full cells deliver a capacity of 165 mA h g-1 with a capacity retention of 98 % after 200 cycles. Moreover, when the cut-off voltage is 4.5 V, the discharge capacity of the LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2//Li full cell can reach 170 mA h g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Xin
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dan Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanan Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, United States
| | - Silin Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Haiming Xie
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yulong Liu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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6
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Singh N, Jha MK, Dhattarwal HS, Kashyap HK. How NaFTA salt affects the structural landscape and transport properties of Pyrr 1,3FTA ionic liquid. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104502. [PMID: 36922141 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been demonstrated that ionic liquids (ILs) with an asymmetric anion render a wider operational temperature range and can be used as a solvent in sodium ion batteries. In the present study, we examine the microscopic structure and dynamics of pure 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (Pyrr1,3FTA) IL using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. How the addition of the sodium salt (NaFTA) having the same anion changes the structural landscape and transport properties of the pure IL has also been explored. The simulated x-ray scattering structure functions reveal that the gradual addition of NaFTA salt (up to 1.2 molal) suppresses the charge alternating feature of the pure IL because of the replacement of the Pyrr+ cations with the Na+ ions. The Na+ ions are majorly found near the oxygen atoms of the anions, but the probability of finding the Na+ ions near these atoms slightly decreases with increasing salt concentration. As expected, the Na+ ions stay away from the Pyrr+ cations. However, the probability of finding the anions around anions increases with increasing salt concentration. The simulated self-diffusion coefficients of the ions in the pure IL reveal slightly faster diffusion of the Pyrr+ cations as compared to the FTA- anions. Interestingly, in the salt solution, despite having smaller size, the diffusion of the Na+ ions is found to be lesser than the Pyrr+ cations and the FTA- anions. The analysis of the ionic conductivity and transport numbers reveals that the fractional contribution of the FTA- anion to the overall conductivity remains nearly constant with increasing salt concentration, but the contribution of Pyrr+ cation decreases and Na+ ion increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mrityunjay K Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Harender S Dhattarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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7
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Molashahi M, Modarress H, Nasernejad B, Amjad-Iranagh S, Ghalami Choobar B. Structural and Transport Properties of Novel High-Transference Number Electrolytes Based on Perfluoropolyether- block-Poly(ethylene oxide) for Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Molashahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran15875-4413, Iran
| | - Hamid Modarress
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran15875-4413, Iran
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran15875-4413, Iran
| | - Sepideh Amjad-Iranagh
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran15875-4413, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghalami Choobar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran15875-4413, Iran
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8
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Modulation of Diffusion Mechanism and Its Correlation with Complexation in Aqueous Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9026-9037. [PMID: 36315464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained traction recently as an effective template to tailor their physicochemical properties. But detailed microscopic insights into the effects of water on the molecular relaxation phenomenon in DESs are not entirely understood. DESs are strong network-forming liquids due to the extensive hydrogen bonding and complex formation between their species, and therefore, water can behave as a controlled disruptor altering the microscopic structure and dynamics in DESs. In this study, the role of water in the diffusion mechanism of acetamide in the aqueous mixtures of DESs synthesized using acetamide and lithium perchlorate is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The acetamide dynamics comprises localized diffusion within transient cages and a jump diffusion process across cages. The jump diffusion process is observed to be strongly enhanced by about a factor of 10 as the water content in the system is increased. Meanwhile, the geometry of the localized dynamics is unaltered by addition of water, but the localized diffusion becomes significantly faster and more heterogeneous with increasing water concentration. The accelerating effects of water on localized diffusion are also substantiated by QENS experiments. The water concentration in the DES is observed to control the solvation structure of lithium ions, with the ions becoming significantly hydrated at 20 wt % water. The formation of interwater and water-acetamide hydrogen bonds is observed. The increase in water concentration is found to increase the number of H-bonds; however, their lifetimes are found to decrease substantially. Similarly, the lifetimes of acetamide-lithium complexes are also found to be diminished by increasing water concentration. A power-law scaling relationship between lifetimes and diffusion constants is established, elucidating the extent of coupling between diffusive processes and hydrogen bonding and microscopic complexation. This study demonstrates the ability to use water as an agent to probe the role of structural relaxation and complex lifetimes of diffusive processes at different time and length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
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9
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Imai M, Tanabe I, Ozaki Y, Fukui KI. Solvation properties of silver ions in ionic liquids using attenuated total reflectance ultraviolet spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Volumetric and acoustic properties of L-phenyl glycine and L-phenylalanine in aqueous solution of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C12mim] [Br]. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Szabadi A, Schröder C. Recent Developments in Polarizable Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Electrolyte Solutions. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s2737416521420035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polarizable molecular dynamics simulations are a fast progressing field in the scientific research of ionic liquids. The fundamentals of polarizable simulations, as well as their application to ionic liquids, were summarized in a review [Bedrov, D.; Piquemal, J.-P.; Borodin, O.; MacKerell, Jr., A. D.; Roux, B.; Schröder, C. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes Using Polarizable Force Fields. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 7940–7995] in 2019. Since then, new methods to treat intermolecular interaction of induced dipoles in these highly charged systems were developed. This concerns the damping of these interactions and additional charge transfer as well as the prediction of ionic materials with ultrahigh refractive indices. In addition to the progress of the polarizable force fields, also thermostats and barostats for polarizable simulations evolved recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabadi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schröder
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Pargoletti E, Arnaboldi S, Cappelletti G, Longhi M, Meroni D, Minguzzi A, Mussini PR, Rondinini S, Vertova A. Smart interfaces in Li-ion batteries: Near-future key challenges. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Qu M, Li S, Chen J, Xiao Y, Xiao J. Ion Transport in the EMITFSI/PVDF System at Different Temperatures: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9333-9342. [PMID: 35356691 PMCID: PMC8945056 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the ion transport in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (EMITFSI/PVDF) system with 40.05 wt % EMITFSI at different temperatures. The glass-transition temperature (T g = 204 K) of this system shows a good agreement with the experimental value (200 K). With the increase of temperature, the peaks of the pair correlation function show an increasing trend. Interestingly, the coordination numbers of ion pairs and the degree of independent ion motion are mainly affected by the binding energy between ion pairs as the temperature increases. In addition, the ion transport properties with increasing temperature can be studied by the ion-pair relaxation times, ion-pair lifetimes, and diffusion coefficients. The simulation results illustrate that the ion transport is intensified. Especially, the cations can always diffuse faster than the anions. The power law shows that mobilities of anions and cations are seen to exhibit a "superionic" behavior. With the increase of temperature, transference numbers of anions decrease first and then increase and transference numbers of cations show the opposite changes; ionic conductivity increases gradually; and viscosity decreases gradually, indicating that the diffusion resistance of ions decreases. In general, after adding PVDF into the EMITFSI system, the glass-transition temperature and viscosity increase, the ionic conductivity and degree of independent ion motion decrease, and diffusion coefficients of cations decrease faster than those of the anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Qu
- Molecules
and Materials Computation Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shenshen Li
- Molecules
and Materials Computation Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Chuannan
Machinery Manufacturing Plant, Luzhou 646000, P. R. China
| | - Yunqin Xiao
- Molecules
and Materials Computation Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- Science
and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology, Xiangyang 441003, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Xiao
- Molecules
and Materials Computation Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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14
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Lytle TK, Yethiraj A. The effect of explicit counterion binding on the transference number of polyelectrolyte solutions. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:104901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte solutions have been proposed as a method to improve the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries by increasing the cation transference number because the polymer self-diffusion coefficient is much lower than that of the counterion. However, this is not necessarily true for the polymer mobility. In some cases, negative transference numbers have been reported, which implies that the lithium ions are transporting to the same electrode as the anion, behavior that is often attributed to a binding of counterions to the polyion. We use a simple model where we bind some counterions to the polymer via harmonic springs to investigate this phenomenon. We find that both the number of bound counterions and the strength of their binding alter the transference number, and, in some cases, the transference number is negative. We also investigate how the transference number depends on the Manning parameter, the ratio of the Bjerrum length to charge separation along the chain. By altering the Manning parameter, the transference number can almost be doubled, which suggests that charge spacing could be a way to increase the transference number of polyelectrolyte solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. K. Lytle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A. Yethiraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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15
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Wettstein A, Diddens D, Heuer A. Controlling Li + transport in ionic liquid electrolytes through salt content and anion asymmetry: a mechanistic understanding gained from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6072-6086. [PMID: 35212346 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the results from molecular dynamics simulations of lithium salt-ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs) based either on the symmetric bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (TFSI-) anion or its asymmetric analogue 2,2,2-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl-N-cyanoamide (TFSAM-). Relating lithium's coordination environment to anion mean residence times and diffusion constants confirms the remarkable transport behaviour of the TFSAM--based ILEs that has been observed in recent experiments: for increased salt doping, the lithium ions must compete for the more attractive cyano over oxygen coordination and a fragmented landscape of solvation geometries emerges, in which lithium appears to be less strongly bound. We present a novel, yet statistically straightforward methodology to quantify the extent to which lithium and its solvation shell are dynamically coupled. By means of a Lithium Coupling Factor (LCF) we demonstrate that the shell anions do not constitute a stable lithium vehicle, which suggests for this electrolyte material the commonly termed "vehicular" lithium transport mechanism could be more aptly pictured as a correlated, flow-like motion of lithium and its neighbourhood. Our analysis elucidates two separate causes why lithium and shell dynamics progressively decouple with higher salt content: on the one hand, an increased sharing of anions between lithium limits the achievable LCF of individual lithium-anion pairs. On the other hand, weaker binding configurations naturally entail a lower dynamic stability of the lithium-anion complex, which is particularly relevant for the TFSAM--containing ILEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wettstein
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Diddo Diddens
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Ionics in Energy Storage, Helmholtz Institut Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Ionics in Energy Storage, Helmholtz Institut Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
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16
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Gaba R, Devi S, Pal A, Sharma D, Kumar H. Solvation properties of l-lysine and l-arginine in aqueous solutions of 1-heptyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C7mim][BF4]at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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McEldrew M, Goodwin ZAH, Molinari N, Kozinsky B, Kornyshev AA, Bazant MZ. Salt-in-Ionic-Liquid Electrolytes: Ion Network Formation and Negative Effective Charges of Alkali Metal Cations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13752-13766. [PMID: 34902256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Salt-in-ionic liquid electrolytes have attracted significant attention as potential electrolytes for next generation batteries largely due to their safety enhancements over typical organic electrolytes. However, recent experimental and computational studies have shown that under certain conditions alkali cations can migrate in electric fields as if they carried a net negative effective charge. In particular, alkali cations were observed to have negative transference numbers at small mole fractions of alkali-metal salt that revert to the expected net positive transference numbers at large mole fractions. Simulations have provided some insights into these observations, where the formation of asymmetric ionic clusters, as well as a percolating ion network, could largely explain the anomalous transport of alkali cations. However, a thermodynamic theory that captures such phenomena has not been developed, as ionic associations were typically treated via the formation of ion pairs. The theory presented herein, based on the classical polymer theories, describes thermoreversible associations between alkali cations and anions, where the formation of large, asymmetric ionic clusters and a percolating ionic network are a natural result of the theory. Furthermore, we present several general methods to calculate the effective charge of alkali cations in ionic liquids. We note that the negative effective charge is a robust prediction with respect to the parameters of the theory and that the formation of a percolating ionic network leads to the restoration of net positive charges of the cations at large mole fractions of alkali metal salt. Overall, we find excellent qualitative agreement between our theory and molecular simulations in terms of ionic cluster statistics and the effective charges of the alkali cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McEldrew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary A H Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College of London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College of London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Nicola Molinari
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Boris Kozinsky
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College of London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College of London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College of London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Skelton R, Jones RE. Computational Study of the Structure and Transport in Pyrrolidinium-Li-TFSI-Silica Ionogels. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13003-13014. [PMID: 34787426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionogels (IGs) are a unique class of composite materials with attributes that make them promising materials for applications in electrochemical energy storage. Due to the solid porous matrix that confines the ionic liquid (IL) in the IG, they can be used as self-supporting electrolytes. Furthermore, interactions of the IL with the porous matrix can have beneficial effects on transport, such as lowering the freezing/glass transition temperature of the conducting IL. In this work, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influence of the porous morphology and solid volume fraction on ionic conductivity and Li+ diffusivity using a representative 0.5 M Li-bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI)-pyrrolidinium (Pyr1.3) IL confined in a nanoporous silica matrix. The effect of the morphology of the confining matrix is compared using the pure IL as a baseline. We find that the tracer and collective Li+ diffusion and ionic conductivity of all the model IGs have significantly lower temperature dependence than the corresponding pure IL. In general, low-silica IGs with wide pores displayed the best transport properties at high temperatures, but the trends with the morphology for the nested set of transport coefficients we examined changed as the collective behavior of the Li+ ions and the molecular IL components were considered. Remarkably, some of the model IGs displayed better transport properties on a volume of fluid basis at low temperatures than the constituent IL. These trends were tied to structural changes revealed by the radial distribution functions of the IL components and the silica surface, including a decreasing Li+ adsorption peak of the surface silica indicating a change in the relative contributions of bulk-like and surface-like transport in the confined IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Skelton
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - R E Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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19
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Can the microscopic and macroscopic transport phenomena in deep eutectic solvents be reconciled? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22854-22873. [PMID: 34505589 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become ubiquitous in a variety of industrial and pharmaceutical applications since their discovery. However, the fundamental understanding of their physicochemical properties and their emergence from the microscopic features is still being explored fervently. Particularly, the knowledge of transport mechanisms in DESs is essential to tune their properties, which shall aid in expanding the territory of their applications. This perspective presents the current state of understanding of the bulk/macroscopic transport properties and microscopic relaxation processes in DESs. The dependence of these properties on the components and composition of the DES is explored, highlighting the role of hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions. Modulation of these interactions by water and other additives, and their subsequent effect on the transport mechanisms, is also discussed. Various models (e.g. hole theory, free volume theory, etc.) have been proposed to explain the macroscopic transport phenomena from a microscopic origin. But the formation of H-bond networks and clusters in the DES reveals the insufficiency of these models, and establishes an antecedent for dynamic heterogeneity. Even significantly above the glass transition, the microscopic relaxation processes in DESs are rife with temporal and spatial heterogeneity, which causes a substantial decoupling between the viscosity and microscopic diffusion processes. However, we propose that a thorough understanding of the structural relaxation associated to the H-bond dynamics in DESs will provide the necessary framework to interpret the emergence of bulk transport properties from their microscopic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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20
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Chen TL, Lathrop PM, Sun R, Elabd YA. Lithium-Ion Transport in Poly(ionic liquid) Diblock Copolymer Electrolytes: Impact of Salt Concentration and Cation and Anion Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Patrick M. Lathrop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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21
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Gehrke S, Ray P, Stettner T, Balducci A, Kirchner B. Water in Protic Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: From Solvent Separated Ion Pairs to Water Clusters. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3315-3324. [PMID: 34169663 PMCID: PMC8456901 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The large electrochemical and cycling stability of "water-in-salt" systems have rendered promising prospective electrolytes for batteries. The impact of addition of water on the properties of ionic liquids has already been addressed in several publications. In this contribution, we focus on the changes in the state of water. Therefore, we investigated the protic ionic liquid N-butyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide with varying water content at different temperatures with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations. It is revealed that at very low concentrations, the water is well dispersed and best characterized as shared solvent molecules. At higher concentrations, the water forms larger aggregates and is increasingly approaching a bulk-like state. While the librational and rotational dynamics of the water molecules become faster with increasing concentration, the translational dynamics are found to become slower. Further, all dynamics are found to be faster if the temperature increases. The trends of these findings are well in line with the experimental measured conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Gehrke
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstr. 4+6D-53115BonnGermany
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom
| | - Promit Ray
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstr. 4+6D-53115BonnGermany
| | - Timo Stettner
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaPhilosophenweg 7aD-07743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaPhilosophenweg 7aD-07743JenaGermany
| | - Andrea Balducci
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaPhilosophenweg 7aD-07743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaPhilosophenweg 7aD-07743JenaGermany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstr. 4+6D-53115BonnGermany
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22
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Ren Z, Wei X, Li R, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Highly selective extraction of lithium ions from salt lake brines with sodium tetraphenylborate as co-extractant. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Migliorati V, Gibiino A, Lapi A, Busato M, D'Angelo P. On the Coordination Chemistry of the lanthanum(III) Nitrate Salt in EAN/MeOH Mixtures. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10674-10685. [PMID: 34236168 PMCID: PMC8389800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A thorough structural
characterization of the La(NO3)3 salt dissolved
into several mixtures of ethyl ammonium
nitrate (EAN) and methanol (MeOH) with EAN molar fraction χEAN ranging from 0 to 1 has been carried out by combining molecular
dynamics (MD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XAS and
MD results show that changes take place in the La3+ first
solvation shell when moving from pure MeOH to pure EAN. With increasing
the ionic liquid content of the mixture, the La3+ first-shell
complex progressively loses MeOH molecules to accommodate more and
more nitrate anions. Except in pure EAN, the La3+ ion is
always able to coordinate both MeOH and nitrate anions, with a ratio
between the two ligands that changes continuously in the entire concentration
range. When moving from pure MeOH to pure EAN, the La3+ first solvation shell passes from a 10-fold bicapped square antiprism
geometry where all the nitrate anions act only as monodentate ligands
to a 12-coordinated icosahedral structure in pure EAN where the nitrate
anions bind the La3+ cation both in mono- and bidentate
modes. The La3+ solvation structure formed in the MeOH/EAN
mixtures shows a great adaptability to changes in the composition,
allowing the system to reach the ideal compromise among all of the
different interactions that take place into it. The structural properties of the La(NO3)3 salt dissolved into EAN/methanol mixtures were
characterized
by molecular dynamics and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The La3+ solvation shell undergoes significant changes with increasing
the ionic liquid content of the mixture, progressively losing methanol
molecules to accommodate more and more nitrate anions. The La3+ solvation structure shows great adaptability to composition
changes, passing from a 10-fold bicapped square antiprism geometry
in pure methanol to a 12-coordinated icosahedral complex in EAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Migliorati
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "La Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Gibiino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "La Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "La Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Busato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "La Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "La Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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24
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Water accelerates the hydrogen-bond dynamics and abates heterogeneity in deep eutectic solvent based on acetamide and lithium perchlorate. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024505. [PMID: 34266283 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become a prevalent and promising medium in various industrial applications. The addition of water to DESs has attracted a lot of attention as a scheme to modulate their functionalities and improve their physicochemical properties. In this work, we study the effects of water on an acetamide based DES by probing its microscopic structure and dynamics using classical molecular dynamics simulation. It is observed that, at low water content, acetamide still remains the dominant solvate in the first solvation shell of lithium ions, however, beyond 10 wt. %, it is replaced by water. The increase in the water content in the solvent accelerates the H-bond dynamics by drastically decreasing the lifetimes of acetamide-lithium H-bond complexes. Additionally, water-lithium H-bond complexes are also found to form, with systematically longer lifetimes in comparison to acetamide-lithium complexes. Consequently, the diffusivity and ionic conductivity of all the species in the DES are found to increase substantially. Non-Gaussianity parameters for translational motions of acetamide and water in the DES show a conspicuous decrease with addition of water in the system. The signature of jump-like reorientation of acetamide is observed in the DES by quantifying the deviation from rotational Brownian motion. However, a notable decrease in the deviation is observed with an increase in the water content in the DES. This study demonstrates the intricate connection between H-bond dynamics and various microscopic dynamical parameters in the DES, by investigating the modulation of the former with addition of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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25
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Fuladi S, Gholivand H, Ahmadiparidari A, Curtiss LA, Salehi-Khojin A, Khalili-Araghi F. Multicomponent Phase Separation in Ternary Mixture Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7024-7032. [PMID: 34102840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the phase behavior of ternary mixtures of ionic liquid, organic solvent, and lithium salt by molecular dynamics simulations. We find that at room temperature, the electrolyte separates into distinct phases with specific compositions; an ion-rich domain that contains a fraction of solvent molecules and a second domain of pure solvent. The phase separation is shown to be entropy-driven and is independent of lithium salt concentration. Phase separation is only observed at microsecond time scales and greatly affects the transport properties of the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Fuladi
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Hamed Gholivand
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Fatemeh Khalili-Araghi
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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26
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Structure-Property Relation of Trimethyl Ammonium Ionic Liquids for Battery Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are attractive and safe electrolytes for diverse electrochemical applications such as advanced rechargeable batteries with high energy densities. Their properties that are beneficial for energy storage and conversion include negligible vapor-pressure, intrinsic conductivity as well as high stability. To explore the suitability of a series of ionic liquids with small ammonium cations for potential battery applications, we investigated their thermal and transport properties. We studied the influence of the symmetrical imide-type anions bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]−) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]−), side chain length and functionalization, as well as lithium salt content on the properties of the electrolytes. Many of the samples are liquid at ambient temperature, but their solidification temperatures show disparate behavior. The transport properties showed clear trends: the dynamics are accelerated for samples with the [FSI]− anion, shorter side chains, ether functionalization and lower amounts of lithium salts. Detailed insight was obtained from the diffusion coefficients of the different ions in the electrolytes, which revealed the formation of aggregates of lithium cations coordinated by anions. The ionic liquid electrolytes exhibit sufficient stability in NMC/Li half-cells at elevated temperatures with small current rates without the need of additional liquid electrolytes, although Li-plating was observed. Electrolytes containing [TFSI]− anions showed superior stability compared to those with [FSI]− anions in battery tests.
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27
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Becker M, Rentsch D, Reber D, Aribia A, Battaglia C, Kühnel R. The Hydrotropic Effect of Ionic Liquids in Water‐in‐Salt Electrolytes**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Becker
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Materials ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - David Reber
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Abdessalem Aribia
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Materials ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Corsin Battaglia
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Ruben‐Simon Kühnel
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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28
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Becker M, Rentsch D, Reber D, Aribia A, Battaglia C, Kühnel RS. The Hydrotropic Effect of Ionic Liquids in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14100-14108. [PMID: 33786945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Water-in-salt electrolytes have successfully expanded the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes beyond 2 V. Further improvements in stability can be achieved by partially substituting water with either classical organic solvents or ionic liquids. Here, we study ternary electrolytes composed of LiTFSI, water, and imidazolium ionic liquids. We find that the LiTFSI solubility strongly increases from 21 mol kg-1 in water to up to 60 mol kg-1 in the presence of ionic liquid. The solution structure is investigated with Raman and NMR spectroscopy and the enhanced LiTFSI solubility is found to originate from a hydrotropic effect of the ionic liquids. The increased reductive stability of the ternary electrolytes enables stable cycling of an aqueous lithium-ion battery with an energy density of 150 Wh kg-1 on the active material level based on commercially relevant Li4 Ti5 O12 and LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Becker
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - David Reber
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Abdessalem Aribia
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corsin Battaglia
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ruben-Simon Kühnel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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29
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Venkatanarayanan RI, Lebga-Nebane JL, Wu L, Krishnan S. Lithium coordination and diffusion coefficients of PEGylated ionic liquid and lithium salt blends: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Hakim L, Ishii Y, Matubayasi N. Spatial-Decomposition Analysis of Electrical Conductivity in Mixtures of Ionic Liquid and Sodium Salt for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3374-3385. [PMID: 33759521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolytes are a promising material for the development of sodium-ion batteries, and their performance can be quantified by electrical conductivity. In this highly concentrated ionic system, the correlated motions of ion pairs are influential on the ionic transport properties. Herein, all-atom analyses are conducted through molecular dynamics simulations to bridge the macroscopically observable electrical conductivity with the molecular pictures of correlated motion of ion pairs. The analysis is applied to three mixtures of IL with sodium salt that are relevant to the electrolyte for a sodium-ion battery: [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, Na][bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide] ([C2C1im, Na][FSA]), [N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium, Na][FSA] ([C3C1pyrr, Na][FSA]), and [K, Na][FSA]. The computational results on electrical conductivities are in agreement with the experimental reports, and their dependency on temperature and sodium-ion composition is reproduced well. The overall contributions from cross-correlated motions are found to be negative in all the IL mixtures; thus, the total conductivities are less than their Nernst-Einstein estimates. The spatial view of cross-correlated motions is further obtained by decomposing the time correlation functions of velocities according to the distances between ion pairs. It is observed that ion pairs are moving in the same direction for ∼0.3 ps when they were initially within the first coordination shell, followed by motions toward opposite directions. The cross-correlation terms are also dissected into local and nonlocal components, and it is commonly seen for all the ion pairs that the local component is negative for cation-anion pairs and is positive for cation-cation and anion-anion pairs. The motions of ion pairs are accompanied by a "backflow" that manifests in the form of the nonlocal component whose sign is opposite to the corresponding local component. In fact, the contributions of the correlated motions of ions to the electrical conductivity are not localized to contact pairs and extend spatially beyond the first coordination shell of the cation-anion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Hakim
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan.,Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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31
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Fong KD, Self J, McCloskey BD, Persson KA. Ion Correlations and Their Impact on Transport in Polymer-Based Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara D. Fong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julian Self
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bryan D. McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Shen KH, Fan M, Hall LM. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ion-Containing Polymers Using Generic Coarse-Grained Models. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mengdi Fan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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33
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Wang X, Huang Y, Li L, Huang L, Chen X, Yang Z. Molecular-level insights into composition-dependent structure, dynamics, and hydrogen bonds of binary ionic liquid mixture from molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.111051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Gaba R, Malhotra J, Pal A, Sharma D, Kumar H. Molecular interactions of l-glutamic acid and l-aspartic acid in aqueous solutions 1-heptyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C7mim][BF4] at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Mukherji S, Avula NVS, Kumar R, Balasubramanian S. Hopping in High Concentration Electrolytes - Long Time Bulk and Single-Particle Signatures, Free Energy Barriers, and Structural Insights. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9613-9620. [PMID: 33125248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although ion-hopping is believed to be a significant mode of transport for small ions in liquid high concentration electrolytes (HCE), its bulk signatures over sufficiently long time intervals are yet to be shown. We computationally establish the long and short time imprints of hopping in HCEs using LiBF4-in-sulfolane mixtures as models. The high viscosity of this electrolyte leads to significant dynamic heterogeneity in Li-ion transport. Li-ions exhibit a preference to transit to previously occupied Li-ion-sites, bridged through anion or solvent molecules. Hopping in the liquid matrix was found to be an activated process, whose free energy barrier and transition state structure have been determined. Evidence for nanoscale compositional heterogeneity at high salt concentrations is also presented. The simulations shed light on the composition, stiffness, and lifetime of the solvation shell of Li ions. The understanding of HCEs gleaned from this study will spearhead the choice, engineering and applicability of this class of electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimayee Mukherji
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Nikhil V S Avula
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
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36
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Chen TL, Sun R, Willis C, Krutzer B, Morgan BF, Beyer FL, Han KS, Murugesan V, Elabd YA. Impact of ionic liquid on lithium ion battery with a solid poly(ionic liquid) pentablock terpolymer as electrolyte and separator. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Rodríguez-Fernández CD, Montes-Campos H, López-Lago E, de la Fuente R, Varela LM. Microstructure, dynamics and optical properties of metal-doped imidazolium-based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Wheatle BK, Fuentes EF, Lynd NA, Ganesan V. Design of Polymer Blend Electrolytes through a Machine Learning Approach. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bill K. Wheatle
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Erick F. Fuentes
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
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39
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mukhopadhyay R, Mitra S. Solvation and transport of lithium ions in deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:104505. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0018510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V. K. Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - R. Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S. Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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40
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Hakim L, Ishii Y, Matsumoto K, Hagiwara R, Ohara K, Umebayashi Y, Matubayasi N. Transport Properties of Ionic Liquid and Sodium Salt Mixtures for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrolytes from Molecular Dynamics Simulation with a Self-Consistent Atomic Charge Determination. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7291-7305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Hakim
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Ohara
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umebayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Elements Strategy Initiatives for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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41
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Haghkhah H, Ghalami Choobar B, Amjad-Iranagh S. Effect of salt concentration on properties of mixed carbonate-based electrolyte for Li-ion batteries: a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Model 2020; 26:220. [PMID: 32740770 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a computational framework is proposed by utilizing molecular dynamics simulation to explore the existing relation between molecular structure and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte system [LiPF6+(EC+DMC 1:1)] consisting of a mixture of cyclic ethylene carbonate (EC) and acyclic dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solvents and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) salt to propose as a novel mixed organic solvent-based electrolytes to promote the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To acquire a clear understanding of the structural and transport properties of the designed electrolytes, quantum chemistry (QC) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are used. In the first step, the accurate molecular structures of the studied electrolytes in addition to their corresponding atomic partial charges are evaluated. The MD simulations are performed at 330 K varying the LiPF6 concentration (0.5 M to 2.2 M). Analysis of the obtained results indicated that ionic diffusivity and conductivity of the electrolytes are dependent on the structure of solvated ions and lithium salt (LiPF6) concentration. It is found that the obtained MD simulation results are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. Graphical abstract A representation of dependence of transport properties of electrolyte system [LiPF6 +(EC+DMC 1:1)] as function of salt concentration to be used in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasty Haghkhah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghalami Choobar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Amjad-Iranagh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
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42
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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43
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Reber D, Takenaka N, Kühnel RS, Yamada A, Battaglia C. Impact of Anion Asymmetry on Local Structure and Supercooling Behavior of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4720-4725. [PMID: 32492350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salts with asymmetric (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (FTFSI) anions have recently been shown to suppress crystallization of water-in-salt electrolytes, enabling low-temperature operation of high-voltage aqueous rechargeable batteries. To clarify the underlying mechanism for the kinetic suppression of crystallization, we investigate the local solution structures and dynamic behaviors of water-in-salt electrolytes based on the asymmetric FTFSI anion and its symmetric anion analogues by Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that monodentate coordination of FTFSI to cations leads to high rotational mobility of the uncoordinated SO2CF3 group. We conclude that the peculiar, coordination-dependent, local dynamics in the asymmetric FTFSI anion, manifested by enhanced intramolecular bond rotation, enables the strong supercooling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reber
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Matériaux, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norio Takenaka
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Ruben-Simon Kühnel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Atsuo Yamada
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Corsin Battaglia
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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44
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Abstract
New experimental technology and theoretical approaches have advanced battery research across length scales ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic. Direct observations of nanoscale phenomena and atomistic simulations have enhanced the understanding of the fundamental electrochemical processes that occur in battery materials. This vast and ever-growing pool of microscopic data brings with it the challenge of isolating crucial performance-decisive physical parameters, an effort that often requires the consideration of intricate interactions across very different length scales and timescales. Effective physics-based battery modeling emphasizes the cross-scale perspective, with the aim of showing how nanoscale physicochemical phenomena affect device performance. This review surveys the methods researchers have used to bridge the gap between the nanoscale and the macroscale. We highlight the modeling of properties or phenomena that have direct and considerable impact on battery performance metrics, such as open-circuit voltage and charge/discharge overpotentials. Particular emphasis is given to thermodynamically rigorous multiphysics models that incorporate coupling between materials' mechanical and electrochemical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchen Li
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom; .,The Faraday Institution, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Charles W Monroe
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom; .,The Faraday Institution, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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45
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Young T, Chen F, Burba CM. Quantitative Investigation of Ion Clusters in a Double Salt Ionic Liquid by Both Vibrational Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3984-3991. [PMID: 32310669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations are powerful tools frequently used to elucidate interactions among ions in ionic liquid electrolyte solutions. We apply these techniques to characterize ionic interactions in mixtures of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethansulfonate, [C1C4pyr][CF3SO3], and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, LiCF3SO3, namely, [Li]0.091[C1C4pyr]0.909[CF3SO3] and [Li]0.167[C1C4pyr]0.833[CF3SO3]. The computational and experimental data indicate that extensive, LiCF3SO3-rich regions exist within the solutions, and most of the anionic species that are composed of these domains are either [Li2CF3SO3]+ or LiCF3SO3 moieties. The [Li]0.167[C1C4pyr]0.833[CF3SO3] system contains a larger number of [Li2CF3SO3]+ and [Li3CF3SO3]2+ species than [Li]0.091[C1C4pyr]0.909[CF3SO3], which may explain, in part, the reduction in ionic conductivity when LiCF3SO3 is added to [C1C4pyr][CF3SO3]. The charge-organized liquid structure inherent to [C1C4pyr][CF3SO3] supports the dynamic coupling of vibrationally induced dipole moments to form optical phonons. Consequently, intense, IR-active vibrational modes are split into transverse optical and longitudinal optical components. Band splitting is reduced when LiCF3SO3 is added to the ionic liquid, suggesting that ionically associated anions impede the ability of the ionic liquid to support optical phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Young
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, Oklahoma 74464, United States
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Christopher M Burba
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, Oklahoma 74464, United States
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46
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Villarreal J, Orrostieta Chavez R, Chopade SA, Lodge TP, Alcoutlabi M. The Use of Succinonitrile as an Electrolyte Additive for Composite-Fiber Membranes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10030045. [PMID: 32192019 PMCID: PMC7143157 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of temperature and additives on the ionic conductivity of mixed organic/ionic liquid electrolytes (MOILEs) was investigated by conducting galvanostatic charge/discharge and ionic conductivity experiments. The mixed electrolyte is based on the ionic liquid (IL) (EMI/TFSI/LiTFSI) and organic solvents EC/DMC (1:1 v/v). The effect of electrolyte type on the electrochemical performance of a LiCoO2 cathode and a SnO2/C composite anode in lithium anode (or cathode) half-cells was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the addition of 5 wt.% succinonitrile (SN) resulted in enhanced ionic conductivity of a 60% EMI-TFSI 40% EC/DMC MOILE from ~14 mS·cm-1 to ~26 mS·cm-1 at room temperature. Additionally, at a temperature of 100 °C, an increase in ionic conductivity from ~38 to ~69 mS·cm-1 was observed for the MOILE with 5 wt% SN. The improvement in the ionic conductivity is attributed to the high polarity of SN and its ability to dissolve various types of salts such as LiTFSI. The galvanostatic charge/discharge results showed that the LiCoO2 cathode with the MOILE (without SN) exhibited a 39% specific capacity loss at the 50th cycle while the LiCoO2 cathode in the MOILE with 5 wt.% SN showed a decrease in specific capacity of only 14%. The addition of 5 wt.% SN to the MOILE with a SnO2/C composite-fiber anode resulted in improved cycling performance and rate capability of the SnO2/C composite-membrane anode in lithium anode half-cells. Based on the results reported in this work, a new avenue and promising outcome for the future use of MOILEs with SN in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahaziel Villarreal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.V.); (R.O.C.)
| | - Roberto Orrostieta Chavez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.V.); (R.O.C.)
| | - Sujay A. Chopade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.A.C.); (T.P.L.)
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.A.C.); (T.P.L.)
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.V.); (R.O.C.)
- Correspondence:
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47
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Stabilizing lithium metal anode by octaphenyl polyoxyethylene-lithium complexation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32005850 PMCID: PMC6994683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium metal is an ideal anode for lithium batteries due to its low electrochemical potential and high theoretical capacity. However, safety issues arising from lithium dendrite growth have significantly reduced the practical applicability of lithium metal batteries. Here, we report the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene as an electrolyte additive to enable a stable complex layer on the surface of the lithium anode. This surface layer not only promotes uniform lithium deposition, but also facilitates the formation of a robust solid-electrolyte interface film comprising cross-linked polymer. As a result, lithium|lithium symmetric cells constructed using the octaphenyl polyoxyethylene additive exhibit excellent cycling stability over 400 cycles at 1 mA cm−2, and outstanding rate performance up to 4 mA cm−2. Full cells assembled with a LiFePO4 cathode exhibit high rate capability and impressive cyclability, with capacity decay of only 0.023% per cycle. Despite the large theoretical promise of Li metal anode, the dendrite growth poses a serious safety challenge. Here the authors address this issue by adding octaphenyl polyoxyethylene as an electrolyte additive which facilitates the formation of a dual-functional layer and excellent performance.
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48
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Wheatle BK, Lynd NA, Ganesan V. Effect of Host Incompatibility and Polarity Contrast on Ion Transport in Ternary Polymer-Polymer-Salt Blend Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bill K. Wheatle
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
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49
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Vázquez-Montelongo EA, Vázquez-Cervantes JE, Cisneros GA. Current Status of AMOEBA-IL: A Multipolar/Polarizable Force Field for Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030697. [PMID: 31973103 PMCID: PMC7037047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational simulations of ionic liquid solutions have become a useful tool to investigate various physical, chemical and catalytic properties of systems involving these solvents. Classical molecular dynamics and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations of IL systems have provided significant insights at the atomic level. Here, we present a review of the development and application of the multipolar and polarizable force field AMOEBA for ionic liquid systems, termed AMOEBA–IL. The parametrization approach for AMOEBA–IL relies on the reproduction of total quantum mechanical (QM) intermolecular interaction energies and QM energy decomposition analysis. This approach has been used to develop parameters for imidazolium– and pyrrolidinium–based ILs coupled with various inorganic anions. AMOEBA–IL has been used to investigate and predict the properties of a variety of systems including neat ILs and IL mixtures, water exchange reactions on lanthanide ions in IL mixtures, IL–based liquid–liquid extraction, and effects of ILs on an aniline protection reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA; (E.A.V.-M.); (J.E.V.-C.)
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
- Correspondence:
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50
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Migliorati V, Lapi A, D'Angelo P. Unraveling the solvation geometries of the lanthanum(iii) bistriflimide salt in ionic liquid/acetonitrile mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20434-20443. [PMID: 32915187 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03977b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
La(Tf2N)3 in C8(mim)2(Tf2N)2/acetonitrile mixtures forms 10-fold coordination complexes composed of both acetonitrile molecules and Tf2N− anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Lapi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Paola D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
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