1
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Gleichweit MJ, Azizbaig Mohajer M, Borgeaud Dit Avocat DP, Divéky ME, David G, Signorell R. Unexpected concentration dependence of the mass accommodation coefficient of water on aqueous triethylene glycol droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16296-16308. [PMID: 38804833 PMCID: PMC11154172 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The mass accommodation coefficient αM of water on aqueous triethylene glycol droplets was determined for water mole fractions in the range xmol = 0.1-0.93 and temperatures between 21 and 26 °C from modulated Mie scattering measurement on single optically-trapped droplets in combination with a kinetic multilayer model. αM reaches minimum values around 0.005 at a critical water concentration of xmol = 0.38, and increases with decreasing water content to a value of ≈0.1 for almost pure triethylene glycol droplets, essentially independent of the temperature. Above xmol = 0.38, αM first increases with increasing water content and then stabilises at a value of ≈0.1 at the lowest temperatures, while at the highest temperature its value remains around 0.005. We analysed the unexpected concentration and temperature dependence with a previously proposed two-step model for mass accommodation which provides concentration and temperature-dependent activation enthalpies and entropies. We suggest that the unexpected minimum in αM at intermediate water concentrations might arise from a more or less saturated hydrogen-bond network that forms at the droplet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gleichweit
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Matúš E Divéky
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Grégory David
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Afzalifar A, Shields GC, Fowler VR, Ras RHA. Probing the Free Energy of Small Water Clusters: Revisiting Classical Nucleation Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8038-8046. [PMID: 35993823 PMCID: PMC9442792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By addressing the defects in classical nucleation theory (CNT), we develop an approach for extracting the free energy of small water clusters from nucleation rate experiments without any assumptions about the form of the cluster free energy. For temperatures higher than ∼250 K, the extracted free energies from experimental data points indicate that their ratio to the free energies predicted by CNT exhibits nonmonotonic behavior as the cluster size changes. We show that this ratio increases from almost zero for monomers and passes through (at least) one maximum before approaching one for large clusters. For temperatures lower than ∼250 K, the behavior of the ratio between extracted energies and CNT's prediction changes; it increases with cluster size, but it remains below one for almost all of the experimental data points. We also applied a state-of-the-art quantum mechanics model to calculate free energies of water clusters (2-14 molecules); the results support the observed change in behavior based on temperature, albeit for temperatures above and below ∼298 K. We compared two different model chemistries, DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS//ωB97xD/6-31++G** and G3, against each other and the experimental value for formation of the water dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afzalifar
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150 Espoo, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - George C. Shields
- Department
of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Vance R. Fowler
- Department
of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Robin H. A. Ras
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150 Espoo, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University
School of Chemical Engineering, P.O.
Box 16000, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
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3
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Lifetime of sessile saliva droplets in the context of SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2021. [PMCID: PMC7885686 DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spreading of respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19, from contaminated surfaces is dependent on the drying time of the deposited droplets containing the virus. The evaporation rate depends on environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature and relative humidity and physical properties (e.g., droplet volume, contact angle and composition). The respiratory droplets contain salt (NaCl), protein (mucin), and surfactant (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) in addition to water, which are expected to influence the evaporation in a big way. A diffusion-based theoretical model for estimating the drying time is developed which takes into account the dynamic contact angle of saliva droplets laden with salt and insoluble surfactants. The effect of the initial volume, contact angle, salinity, surfactant concentration, ambient temperature and relative humidity on the drying time of droplets is investigated.
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4
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Diveky ME, Gleichweit MJ, Roy S, Signorell R. Shining New Light on the Kinetics of Water Uptake by Organic Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3528-3548. [PMID: 33739837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of water vapor by various organic aerosols is important in a number of applications ranging from medical delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols to cloud formation in the atmosphere. The coefficient that describes the probability that the impinging gas-phase molecule sticks to the surface of interest is called the mass accommodation coefficient, αM. Despite the importance of this coefficient for the description of water uptake kinetics, accurate values are still lacking for many systems. In this Feature Article, we present various experimental techniques that have been evoked in the literature to study the interfacial transport of water and discuss the corresponding strengths and limitations. This includes our recently developed technique called photothermal single-particle spectroscopy (PSPS). The PSPS technique allows for a retrieval of αM values from three independent, yet simultaneous measurements operating close to equilibrium, providing a robust assessment of interfacial mass transport. We review the currently available data for αM for water on various organics and discuss the few studies that address the temperature and relative humidity dependence of αM for water on organics. The knowledge of the latter, for example, is crucial to assess the water uptake kinetics of organic aerosols in the Earth's atmosphere. Finally, we argue that PSPS might also be a viable method to better restrict the αM value for water on liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus E Diveky
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Gleichweit
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Roy
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Houle FA, Miles REH, Pollak CJ, Reid JP. A purely kinetic description of the evaporation of water droplets. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054501. [PMID: 33557551 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of water evaporation, although deeply studied, does not enjoy a kinetic description that captures known physics and can be integrated with other detailed processes such as drying of catalytic membranes embedded in vapor-fed devices and chemical reactions in aerosol whose volumes are changing dynamically. In this work, we present a simple, three-step kinetic model for water evaporation that is based on theory and validated by using well-established thermodynamic models of droplet size as a function of time, temperature, and relative humidity as well as data from time-resolved measurements of evaporating droplet size. The kinetic mechanism for evaporation is a combination of two limiting processes occurring in the highly dynamic liquid-vapor interfacial region: direct first order desorption of a single water molecule and desorption resulting from a local fluctuation, described using third order kinetics. The model reproduces data over a range of relative humidities and temperatures only if the interface that separates bulk water from gas phase water has a finite width, consistent with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The influence of droplet cooling during rapid evaporation on the kinetics is discussed; discrepancies between the various models point to the need for additional experimental data to identify their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances A Houle
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rachael E H Miles
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Connor J Pollak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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6
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Schlesinger D, Lowe SJ, Olenius T, Kong X, Pettersson JBC, Riipinen I. Molecular Perspective on Water Vapor Accommodation into Ice and Its Dependence on Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10879-10889. [PMID: 33319553 PMCID: PMC7872430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Accommodation
of vapor-phase water molecules into ice crystal surfaces
is a fundamental process controlling atmospheric ice crystal growth.
Experimental studies investigating the accommodation process with
various techniques report widely spread values of the water accommodation
coefficient on ice, αice, and the results on its
potential temperature dependence are inconclusive. We run molecular
dynamics simulations of molecules condensing onto the basal plane
of ice Ih using the TIP4P/Ice empirical
force field and characterize the accommodated state from this molecular
perspective, utilizing the interaction energy, the tetrahedrality
order parameter, and the distance below the instantaneous interface
as criteria. Changes of the order parameter turn out to be a suitable
measure to distinguish between the surface and bulk states of a molecule
condensing onto the disordered interface. In light of the findings
from the molecular dynamics, we discuss and re-analyze a recent experimental
data set on αice obtained with an environmental molecular
beam (EMB) setup [KongX.; 2014, 118 ( (22), ), 3973−397924814567] using
kinetic molecular flux modeling, aiming at a more comprehensive picture
of the accommodation process from a molecular perspective. These results
indicate that the experimental observations indeed cannot be explained
by evaporation alone. At the same time, our results raise the issue
of rapidly growing relaxation times upon decreasing temperature, challenging
future experimental efforts to cover relevant time scales. Finally,
we discuss the relevance of the water accommodation coefficient on
ice in the context of atmospheric cloud particle growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schlesinger
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel J Lowe
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Archer J, Walker JS, Gregson FKA, Hardy DA, Reid JP. Drying Kinetics and Particle Formation from Dilute Colloidal Suspensions in Aerosol Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12481-12493. [PMID: 32975425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial processes such as spray drying of pharmaceutical and food products often involve the drying of aerosol droplets containing colloidal suspensions into powdered microparticles of desired properties. The morphology and surface properties of the final dry products/microparticles obtained after the drying process are strongly influenced by the parameters of the initial aerosol droplet composition and the drying conditions. In particular, the final dry microparticle morphology can be dependent on the dimensionless Péclet number (Pe), which expresses the relative competition between the diffusion of the dispersed particles within the droplet and the rate of solvent loss via evaporation. In this work, we examine how control over the gas phase drying conditions and initial aerosol droplet composition can be used to influence the aerosol droplet drying kinetics in the gas phase for a range of Péclet numbers. We used a single-particle levitation instrument, the electrodynamic balance, to measure the drying kinetics of colloidal silica droplets (0.10-0.60% v/v) under controlled gas phase drying conditions of temperature (263-326 K) and relative humidity (0-90%) and obtained Péclet numbers ranging from 4.05 to 184.5. We demonstrate that, for aerosol droplets with initially dilute feed colloid concentrations and within the constant evaporation regime, the starting composition does not strongly influence the solvent evaporation rate with the included nanoparticles (NPs) acting as spectators. However, the gas phase drying conditions, temperature, and relative humidity, directly influence the droplet temperature via evaporative cooling as well as the droplet drying kinetics and the final dry microparticle properties. With a priori knowledge of the droplet drying kinetics from the single droplet measurements, we further demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the morphology of the dried microparticles. Dried silica microparticles collected at Pe = 23.8 had dense spherical morphologies, while those at the highest Pe = 180.0 had crumpled surface morphologies with a transition in morphology between these limiting Pe values. Our results extend the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms controlling the drying of aerosol droplets in colloidal suspensions across a wide range of application areas extending from spray drying to the drying of respiratory fluid droplets containing bacteria and viruses and the drying of atmospheric aerosol droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice Archer
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jim S Walker
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Daniel A Hardy
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathon P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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8
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Oh I, Cha H, Chen J, Chavan S, Kong H, Miljkovic N, Hu Y. Enhanced Condensation on Liquid-Infused Nanoporous Surfaces by Vibration-Assisted Droplet Sweeping. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13367-13379. [PMID: 33064463 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Condensation is a universal phenomenon that occurs in nature and industry. Previous studies have used superhydrophobicity and liquid infusion to enable superior liquid repellency due to reduced contact angle hysteresis. However, small condensate droplets remain immobile on condensing surfaces until they grow to the departing size at which the body force can overcome the contact line pinning force. Hence, condensation heat transfer is limited by these remaining droplets that act as thermal barriers. To break these limitations, we introduce vibrational actuation to a slippery liquid-infused nanoporous surface (SLIPS) and show enhanced droplet mobility, controllable condensate repellency, and more efficient heat transfer compared to static SLIPSs. We demonstrate 39% smaller departing droplet size and 8× faster droplet departing speeds on the dynamic vibrating SLIPS compared to the nonactuated SLIPS. To understand the implications of these behaviors on heat transfer, we investigate the condensate area coverage and droplet distribution to verify enhanced dewetting on dynamic vibrating SLIPSs. Using well-validated heat transfer models, we demonstrate enhanced condensation heat transfer on dynamic SLIPSs due to the higher population of smaller condensate droplets (<100 μm). In addition to condensation heat transfer, we also show that vibrating SLIPSs can enhance droplet collection. This work utilizes the synergistic combination of surface chemistry and mechanical actuation to realize enhanced droplet mobility and heat transfer in an electrically controllable and switchable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Oh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jiehao Chen
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shreyas Chavan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yuhang Hu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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9
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Du JJ, Zhang L, Gao XF, Sun H, Guo J. Peptidyl ω-Asp Selenoesters Enable Efficient Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides. Front Chem 2020; 8:396. [PMID: 32478036 PMCID: PMC7232547 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is an attractive approach allows for the assembly of homogeneous complex N-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins, but the limited coupling efficiency between glycans and peptides hampered the synthesis and research in the related field. Herein we developed an alternative glycosylation to construct N-linked glycopeptide via efficient selenoester-assisted aminolysis, which employs the peptidyl ω-asparagine selenoester and unprotected glycosylamine to perform rapid amide-bond ligation. This glycosylation strategy is highly compatible with the free carboxylic acids and hydroxyl groups of peptides and carbohydrates, and readily available for the assembly of structure-defined homogeneous N-linked glycopeptides, such as segments derived from glycoprotein EPO and IL-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Marsh A, Rovelli G, Miles REH, Reid JP. Complexity of Measuring and Representing the Hygroscopicity of Mixed Component Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1648-1660. [PMID: 30707027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The validation of approaches to predict the hygroscopicity of complex mixtures of organic components in aerosol is important for understanding the hygroscopic response of organic aerosol in the atmosphere. We report new measurements of the hygroscopicity of mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and amino acids using a comparative kinetic electrodynamic balance (CK-EDB) approach, inferring the equilibrium water content of the aerosol from close to a saturation relative humidity (100%) down to 80%. We show that the solution densities and refractive indices of the mixtures can be estimated with an accuracy of better than ±2% using the molar refractive index mixing rule and densities and refractive indices for the individual binary organic-aqueous solutions. Further, we show that the often-used mass-, volume-, and mole-weighted mixing rules to estimate the hygroscopicity parameter κ can overestimate the hygroscopic parameter by a factor of as much as 3, highlighting the need to understand the specific nonideal interactions that may arise synergistically in mixtures and cannot be represented by simple models. Indeed, in some extreme cases the hygroscopicity of a multicomponent mixture can be very close to that for the least hygroscopic component. For mixtures of similar components for which no additional synergistic interactions need be considered, the hygroscopicity of the mixed component aerosol can be estimated with high accuracy from the hygroscopic response of the binary aqueous-organic aerosol. In conclusion, we suggest that the hygroscopicity of multicomponent organic aerosol can be highly nonadditive and that simple correlations of hygroscopicity with composition may often misrepresent the level of complexity essential to interpreting aerosol hygroscopicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marsh
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Rachael E H Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
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11
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Diveky ME, Roy S, Cremer JW, David G, Signorell R. Assessing relative humidity dependent photoacoustics to retrieve mass accommodation coefficients of single optically trapped aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4721-4731. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06980h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a standout technique widely used for absorption measurements of atmospheric aerosols. Here we investigate the relative humidity dependence of photoacoustics and its implication for evaporation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus E. Diveky
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Sandra Roy
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Johannes W. Cremer
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Grégory David
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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12
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Gregson FKA, Ordoubadi M, Miles REH, Haddrell AE, Barona D, Lewis D, Church T, Vehring R, Reid JP. Studies of competing evaporation rates of multiple volatile components from a single binary-component aerosol droplet. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9709-9719. [PMID: 31025989 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous evaporation and condensation of multiple volatile components from multicomponent aerosol droplets leads to changes in droplet size, composition and temperature. Measurements and models that capture and predict these dynamic aerosol processes are key to understanding aerosol microphysics in a broad range of contexts. We report measurements of the evaporation kinetics of droplets (initially ∼25 μm radius) formed from mixtures of ethanol and water levitated within a electrodynamic balance over timescales spanning 500 ms to 6 s. Measurements of evaporation into a gas phase of varied relative humidity and temperature are shown to compare well with predictions from a numerical model. We show that water condensation from the gas phase can occur concurrently with ethanol evaporation from aqueous-ethanol droplets. Indeed, water can condense so rapidly during the evaporation of a pure ethanol droplet in a humid environment, driven by the evaporative cooling the droplet experiences, that the droplet becomes pure water within 0.4 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K A Gregson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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13
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Su YY, Miles REH, Li ZM, Reid JP, Xu J. The evaporation kinetics of pure water droplets at varying drying rates and the use of evaporation rates to infer the gas phase relative humidity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23453-23466. [PMID: 30182100 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05250f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Numerous analytical models have been applied to describe the evaporation/condensation kinetics of volatile components from aerosol particles for use in many applications. However, the applicability of these models for treating cases that lead to substantial and rapid changes in particle temperature due to, for example, evaporative cooling remain to be compared with measurements. We consider three typical treatments, comparing predictions of the evaporation rates of pure water droplets over a wide range in gas phase relative humidity (RH) and exploring the sensitivity of the predictions to uncertainties in the thermophysical gas and condensed-phase parameters. We also compare predictions from the three treatments to measurements of the evaporation rates of pure water droplets with varying RH using an electrodynamic balance (EDB), concluding that only two of the model treatments are sufficiently able to account for the level of evaporative cooling (typically as high as 12 K). Finally, we show that the RH can be inferred accurately from the evaporation rate of pure water droplets over the full range in accessible RH and comparison with the model predictions (within absolute uncertainties of 2.5% RH over the range 20% to 95% RH), considering the level of agreement with independent measurements made through determining the equilibrated size of aqueous sodium chloride and sodium nitrate droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yang Su
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, P.O. Box 69-14, Xi'an, 710024, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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14
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Rothfuss NE, Marsh A, Rovelli G, Petters MD, Reid JP. Condensation Kinetics of Water on Amorphous Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3708-3713. [PMID: 29924626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Responding to changes in the surrounding environment, aerosol particles can grow by water condensation changing rapidly in composition and changing dramatically in viscosity. The timescale for growth is important to establish for particles undergoing hydration processes in the atmosphere or during inhalation. Using an electrodynamic balance, we report direct measurements at -7.5, 0, and 20 °C of timescales for hygroscopic condensational growth on a range of model hygroscopic aerosol systems. These extend from viscous aerosol particles containing a single saccharide solute (sucrose, glucose, raffinose, or trehalose) and a starting viscosity equivalent to a glass of ∼1012 Pa·s, to nonviscous (∼10-2 Pa·s) tetraethylene glycol particles. The condensation timescales observed in this work indicate that water condensation occurs rapidly at all temperatures examined (<10 s) and for particles of all initial viscosities spanning 10-2 to 1012 Pa·s. Only a marginal delay (<1 order of magnitude) is observed for particles starting as a glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Rothfuss
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Aleksandra Marsh
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Markus D Petters
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
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15
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Combe NA, Donaldson DJ. Water Evaporation from Acoustically Levitated Aqueous Solution Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7197-7204. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Combe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - D. James Donaldson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, UTSC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A1
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16
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Willoughby RE, Cotterell MI, Lin H, Orr-Ewing AJ, Reid JP. Measurements of the Imaginary Component of the Refractive Index of Weakly Absorbing Single Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5700-5710. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose E. Willoughby
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I. Cotterell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- College
for Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
- Aerosol
Observation Based Research, Met Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
| | - Hongze Lin
- College
of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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17
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Rovelli G, Miles REH, Reid JP, Clegg SL. Accurate Measurements of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth over a Wide Range in Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4376-88. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rovelli
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Simon L. Clegg
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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18
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Persad AH, Ward CA. Expressions for the Evaporation and Condensation Coefficients in the Hertz-Knudsen Relation. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7727-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Persad
- Department
of Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering, Thermodynamics and Kinetics Laboratory, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - Charles A. Ward
- Department
of Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering, Thermodynamics and Kinetics Laboratory, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Canada M5S 3G8
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19
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Miles REH, Davies JF, Reid JP. The influence of the surface composition of mixed monolayer films on the evaporation coefficient of water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19847-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03826c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of mixed component organic surface films on the evaporation rate of water from an aqueous droplet is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Davies
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
- Chemical Sciences Division
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20
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Haddrell AE, Davies JF, Reid JP. Dynamics of Particle Size on Inhalation of Environmental Aerosol and Impact on Deposition Fraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14512-21. [PMID: 26568475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of elevated levels of particulate air pollution has been shown to elicit the onset of adverse health effects in humans, where the magnitude of the response is a product of where in the lung the particulate dose is delivered. At any point in time during inhalation the depositional flux of the aerosol is a function of the radius of the droplet, thus a detailed understanding of the rate and magnitude of the mass flux of water to the droplet during inhalation is crucial. In this study, we assess the impact of aerosol hygroscopicity on deposited dose through the inclusion of a detailed treatment of the mass flux of water to account for the dynamics of particle size in a modified version of the standard International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) whole lung deposition model. The ability to account for the role of the relative humidity (RH) of the aerosol prior to, and during, inhalation on the deposition pattern is explored, and found to have a significant effect on the deposition pattern. The model is verified by comparison to previously published measurements, and used to demonstrate that ambient RH affects where in the lung indoor particulate air pollution is delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen E Haddrell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, U.K. , BS8 1TS
| | - James F Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, U.K. , BS8 1TS
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, U.K. , BS8 1TS
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21
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Bilde M, Barsanti K, Booth M, Cappa CD, Donahue NM, Emanuelsson EU, McFiggans G, Krieger UK, Marcolli C, Topping D, Ziemann P, Barley M, Clegg S, Dennis-Smither B, Hallquist M, Hallquist ÅM, Khlystov A, Kulmala M, Mogensen D, Percival CJ, Pope F, Reid JP, Ribeiro da Silva MAV, Rosenoern T, Salo K, Soonsin VP, Yli-Juuti T, Prisle NL, Pagels J, Rarey J, Zardini AA, Riipinen I. Saturation Vapor Pressures and Transition Enthalpies of Low-Volatility Organic Molecules of Atmospheric Relevance: From Dicarboxylic Acids to Complex Mixtures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4115-56. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merete Bilde
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kelley Barsanti
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | | | | | - Neil M. Donahue
- Centre
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | | | - Ulrich K. Krieger
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Marcolli
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Marcolli Chemistry and Physics Consulting GmbH, 8047 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Ziemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Simon Clegg
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric
Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrey Khlystov
- Division
of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, United States
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ditte Mogensen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Francis Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - M. A. V. Ribeiro da Silva
- Centro
de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Rosenoern
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kent Salo
- Maritime
Environment, Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vacharaporn Pia Soonsin
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center
of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Taina Yli-Juuti
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nønne L. Prisle
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics & Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Juergen Rarey
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- DDBST GmbH, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Industrial
Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro A. Zardini
- European
Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Energy and Transport, Sustainable Transport Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Julin J, Winkler PM, Donahue NM, Wagner PE, Riipinen I. Near-unity mass accommodation coefficient of organic molecules of varying structure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12083-9. [PMID: 25260072 PMCID: PMC4351623 DOI: 10.1021/es501816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles have a significant effect on global climate, air quality, and consequently human health. Condensation of organic vapors is a key process in the growth of nanometer-sized particles to climate relevant sizes. This growth is very sensitive to the mass accommodation coefficient α, a quantity describing the vapor uptake ability of the particles, but knowledge on α of atmospheric organics is lacking. In this work, we have determined α for four organic molecules with diverse structural properties: adipic acid, succinic acid, naphthalene, and nonane. The coefficients are studied using molecular dynamics simulations, complemented with expansion chamber measurements. Our results are consistent with α = 1 (indicating nearly perfect accommodation), regardless of the molecular structural properties, the phase state of the bulk condensed phase, or surface curvature. The results highlight the need for experimental techniques capable of resolving the internal structure of nanoparticles to better constrain the accommodation of atmospheric organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Julin
- Department
of Applied Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for
Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail: . Tel.: +46 8 674
7549. Fax +46 8 674 7325
| | - Paul M. Winkler
- Fakultät
für Physik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Paul E. Wagner
- Fakultät
für Physik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department
of Applied Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for
Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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23
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Kong X, Papagiannakopoulos P, Thomson ES, Marković N, Pettersson JBC. Water Accommodation and Desorption Kinetics on Ice. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3973-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Panos Papagiannakopoulos
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikola Marković
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B. C. Pettersson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Rickards AMJ, Miles REH, Davies JF, Marshall FH, Reid JP. Measurements of the Sensitivity of Aerosol Hygroscopicity and the κ Parameter to the O/C Ratio. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:14120-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407991n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James F. Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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25
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Davies JF, Haddrell AE, Rickards AMJ, Reid JP. Simultaneous Analysis of the Equilibrium Hygroscopicity and Water Transport Kinetics of Liquid Aerosol. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5819-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Davies
- Bristol Aerosol Research Centre,
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Allen E. Haddrell
- Bristol Aerosol Research Centre,
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew M. J. Rickards
- Bristol Aerosol Research Centre,
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- Bristol Aerosol Research Centre,
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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26
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Influence of organic films on the evaporation and condensation of water in aerosol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8807-12. [PMID: 23674675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305277110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncertainties in quantifying the kinetics of evaporation and condensation of water from atmospheric aerosol are a significant contributor to the uncertainty in predicting cloud droplet number and the indirect effect of aerosols on climate. The influence of aerosol particle surface composition, particularly the impact of surface active organic films, on the condensation and evaporation coefficients remains ambiguous. Here, we report measurements of the influence of organic films on the evaporation and condensation of water from aerosol particles. Significant reductions in the evaporation coefficient are shown to result when condensed films are formed by monolayers of long-chain alcohols [C(n)H(2n+1)OH], with the value decreasing from 2.4 × 10(-3) to 1.7 × 10(-5) as n increases from 12 to 17. Temperature-dependent measurements confirm that a condensed film of long-range order must be formed to suppress the evaporation coefficient below 0.05. The condensation of water on a droplet coated in a condensed film is shown to be fast, with strong coherence of the long-chain alcohol molecules leading to islanding as the water droplet grows, opening up broad areas of uncoated surface on which water can condense rapidly. We conclude that multicomponent composition of organic films on the surface of atmospheric aerosol particles is likely to preclude the formation of condensed films and that the kinetics of water condensation during the activation of aerosol to form cloud droplets is likely to remain rapid.
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27
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Worldwide data sets constrain the water vapor uptake coefficient in cloud formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3760-4. [PMID: 23431189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219591110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the kinetics of water uptake as expressed by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, αc. Estimates of αc for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. We present an analysis of 10 globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei to constrain the value of αc for ambient aerosol. We find that rapid activation kinetics (αc > 0.1) is uniformly prevalent. This finding resolves a long-standing issue in cloud physics, as the uncertainty in water vapor accommodation on droplets is considerably less than previously thought.
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28
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Julin J, Shiraiwa M, Miles REH, Reid JP, Pöschl U, Riipinen I. Mass accommodation of water: bridging the gap between molecular dynamics simulations and kinetic condensation models. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:410-20. [PMID: 23253100 PMCID: PMC3600785 DOI: 10.1021/jp310594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The condensational growth of submicrometer aerosol particles to climate relevant sizes is sensitive to their ability to accommodate vapor molecules, which is described by the mass accommodation coefficient. However, the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. We have simulated the mass accommodation and evaporation processes of water using molecular dynamics, and the results are compared to the condensation equations derived from the kinetic gas theory to shed light on the compatibility of the two. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for a planar TIP4P-Ew water surface at four temperatures in the range 268-300 K as well as two droplets, with radii of 1.92 and 4.14 nm at T = 273.15 K. The evaporation flux from molecular dynamics was found to be in good qualitative agreement with that predicted by the simple kinetic condensation equations. Water droplet growth was also modeled with the kinetic multilayer model KM-GAP of Shiraiwa et al. [Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2012, 12, 2777]. It was found that, due to the fast transport across the interface, the growth of a pure water droplet is controlled by gas phase diffusion. These facts indicate that the simple kinetic treatment is sufficient in describing pure water condensation and evaporation. The droplet size was found to have minimal effect on the value of the mass accommodation coefficient. The mass accommodation coefficient was found to be unity (within 0.004) for all studied surfaces, which is in agreement with previous simulation work. Additionally, the simulated evaporation fluxes imply that the evaporation coefficient is also unity. Comparing the evaporation rates of the mass accommodation and evaporation simulations indicated that the high collision flux, corresponding to high supersaturation, present in typical molecular dynamics mass accommodation simulations can under certain conditions lead to an increase in the evaporation rate. Consequently, in such situations the mass accommodation coefficient can be overestimated, but in the present cases the corrected values were still close to unity with the lowest value at ≈0.99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Julin
- Department of Applied Environmental Science and Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Duffey KC, Shih O, Wong NL, Drisdell WS, Saykally RJ, Cohen RC. Evaporation kinetics of aqueous acetic acid droplets: effects of soluble organic aerosol components on the mechanism of water evaporation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11634-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Davies JF, Haddrell AE, Miles REH, Bull CR, Reid JP. Bulk, surface, and gas-phase limited water transport in aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10987-98. [PMID: 23095147 DOI: 10.1021/jp3086667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The influence of solute species on mass transfer to and from aqueous aerosol droplets is investigated using an electrodynamic balance coupled with light scattering techniques. In particular, we explore the limitations imposed on water evaporation by slow bulk phase diffusion and by the formation of surface organic films. Measurements of evaporation from ionic salt solutions, specifically sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate, are compared with predictions from an analytical model framework, highlighting the uncertainties associated with quantifying gas diffusional transport. The influence of low solubility organic acids on mass transfer is reported and compared to both model predictions and previous work. The limiting value of the evaporation coefficient that can be resolved by this approach, when uncertainties in key thermophysical quantities are accounted for, is estimated. The limitation of slow bulk phase diffusion on the evaporation rate is investigated for gel and glass states formed during the evaporation of magnesium sulfate and sucrose droplets, respectively. Finally, the effect of surfactants on evaporation has been probed, with soluble surfactants (such as sodium dodecyl sulfate) leading to little or no retardation of evaporation through slowing of surface layer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UK
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