1
|
Pal R, Chattaraj PK. Structure, stability, reactivity and bonding in noble gas compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9856-9866. [PMID: 38497096 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Noble gases (Ngs) are recognized as the least reactive elements due to their fully filled valence electronic configuration. Their reluctance to engage in chemical bond formation necessitates extreme conditions such as low temperatures, high pressures, and reagents with high reactivity. In this Perspective, we discuss our endeavours in the theoretical prediction of viable Ng complexes, emphasizing the pursuit of synthesizing them under nearly ambient conditions. Our research encompasses various bonding categories of Ng complexes and our primary aim is to comprehend the bonding mechanisms within these complexes, utilizing state-of-the-art theoretical tools such as natural bond orbital, energy decomposition, and electron density analyses. These complex types manifest distinct bonding scenarios. In the non-insertion type, the donor-acceptor interaction strength hinges on the polarizing ability of the binding atom, drawing the electron density of the Ng towards itself. In certain instances, especially with heavier Ng elements, this interaction reaches a magnitude where it can be considered a covalent bond. Conversely, in most insertion cases, the Ng prefers to share electrons to form a covalent bond on one side while interacting electrostatically on the other side. In rare cases, both bonds may be portrayed as electron-shared covalent bonds. Furthermore, a host cage serves as an excellent platform to explore the limits of achieving Ng-Ng bonds (even for helium), under high pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pal R, Chattaraj PK. On the Nature of the Partial Covalent Bond between Noble Gas Elements and Noble Metal Atoms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073253. [PMID: 37050016 PMCID: PMC10096529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the nature of bonding between noble gases (Ng) and noble metals (M) from a quantum chemical perspective by investigating compounds such as NgMY (Y=CN, O, NO3, SO4, CO3), [NgM-(bipy)]+, NgMCCH, and MCCNgH complexes, where M=Cu, Ag, Au and Ng=Kr-Rn, with some complexes containing the lighter noble gas atoms as well. Despite having very low chemical reactivity, noble gases have been observed to form weak bonds with noble metals such as copper, gold, and silver. In this study, we explore the factors that contribute to this unusual bonding behavior, including the electronic structure of the atoms involved and the geometric configuration of the concerned fragments. We also investigate the metastable nature of the resulting complexes by studying the energetics of their possible dissociation and internal isomerization channels. The noble gas-binding ability of the bare metal cyanides are higher than most of their bromide counterparts, with CuCN and AgCN showing higher affinity than their chloride analogues as well. In contrast, the oxides seem to have lower binding power than their corresponding halides. In the oxide and the bipyridyl complexes, the Ng-binding ability follows the order Au > Cu > Ag. The dissociation energies calculated, considering the zero-point energy correction for possible dissociation channels, increase as we move down the noble gas group. The bond between the noble gases and the noble metals in the complexes are found to have comparable weightage of orbital and electrostatic interactions, suggestive of a partial covalent nature. The same is validated from the topological analysis of electron density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valadbeigi Y, Gal JF. Noble gas cations as Lewis acids: Adduct formation with Lewis bases with high ionization energies. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
4
|
Kuntar SP, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Prediction of donor-acceptor-type novel noble gas complexes in the triplet electronic state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6987-6994. [PMID: 36807359 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05813h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Closed-shell noble gas (Ng) compounds in the singlet electronic state have been extensively studied in the past two decades after the revolutionary discovery of 1HArF molecule. Motivated by the experimental identification of very strong donor-acceptor-type singlet-state Ng complex 1ArOH+, in the present article, for the first time, we report new donor-acceptor-type noble gas complexes in the triplet electronic state (3NgBeN+ (Ng = He-Rn)), where most of the Ng-Be bond lengths are smaller than the corresponding covalent limits. The newly proposed complexes are predicted to be stable by various computational tools, including coupled-cluster and multireference-based methods, with strong Ng-Be bonding (40.4-196.2 kJ mol-1). We have also investigated 3NgBeP+ (Ng = He-Rn) complexes for the purpose of comparison. Various computational results, including the structural parameters, bonding energies, vibrational frequencies, and atoms-in-molecule properties suggest that it may be possible to prepare and characterize these triplet state complexes through suitable experimental technique(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya Prasad Kuntar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Tapan K Ghanty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yun GR, Li HX, Cabellos JL, Tiznado W, Cui ZH, Pan S. Hitting the Bull's Eye: Stable HeBeOH + Complex. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200587. [PMID: 36029196 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is now known that the heavier noble gases (Ng=Ar-Rn) show some varying degrees of reactivity with a gradual increase in reactivity along Ar-Rn. However, because of their very small size and very high ionization potential, helium and neon are the hardest targets to crack. Although few neon complexes are isolated at very low temperatures, helium needs very extreme situations like very high pressure. Here, we find that protonated BeO, BeOH+ can bind helium and neon spontaneously at room temperature. Therefore, extreme conditions like very low temperature and/or high pressure will not be required for their experimental isolation. The Ng-Be bond strength is very high for their heavier homologs and the bond strength shows a gradual increase from He to Rn. Moreover, the Ng-Be attractive energy is almost exclusively originated from the orbital interaction which is composed of one Ng(s/pσ )→BeOH+ σ-donation and two weaker Ng(pπ )→BeOH+ π-donations, except for helium. Helium uses its low-lying vacant 2p orbitals to accept π-electron density from BeOH+ . Previously, such electron-accepting ability of helium was used to explain a somewhat stronger helium bond than neon for neutral complexes. However, the present results indicate that such π-back donations are too weak in nature to decide any energetic trend between helium and neon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gai-Ru Yun
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Xia Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, China
| | - Jose Luis Cabellos
- Universidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Carretera Tapachula a Puerto Madero km 24+300, San Benito, Puerto Madero, C.P. 30830, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, postCode/>8370251, Chile
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, 130023, Changchun, China.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universitt Marbur, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu J, Li M, Xu S, Pei G, Zhao X, Kong C, Yang Z, Yang T, Hou GL. Stable Noble Gas Compounds Based on Superelectrophilic Anions [B 12 (BO) 11 ] - and [B 12 (OBO) 11 ] . Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2240-2246. [PMID: 34402158 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Superelectrophilic monoanions [B12 (BO)11 ]- and [B12 (OBO)11 ]- , generated from stable dianions [B12 (BO)12 ]2- and [B12 (OBO)12 ]2- , show great potential for binding with noble gases (Ngs). The binding energies, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), natural population analysis (NPA), energy decomposition analysis (EDA), and electron localization function (ELF) were carried out to understand the B-Ng bond in [B12 (BO)11 Ng]- and [B12 (OBO)11 Ng]- . The calculated results reveal that heavier noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) bind covalently with both [B12 (BO)11 ]- and [B12 (OBO)11 ]- with large binding energies, making them potentially feasible to be synthesized. Only [B12 (OBO)11 ]- could form a covalent bond with helium or neon but the small binding energy of [B12 (OBO)11 He]- may pose a challenge for its experimental detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gerui Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xintian Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhimao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsai CC, Lu YW, Hu WP. Theoretical Prediction on the New Types of Noble Gas Containing Anions OBONgO - and OCNNgO - (Ng = He, Ar, Kr and Xe). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245839. [PMID: 33322010 PMCID: PMC7763801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorine-less noble gas containing anions OBONgO− and OCNNgO− have been studied by correlated electronic structure calculation and density functional theory. The obtained energetics indicates that for Ng=Kr and Xe, these anions should be kinetically stable at low temperature. The molecular structures and electron density distribution suggests that these anions are stabilized by ion-induced dipole interactions with charges concentrated on the electronegative OBO and OCN groups. The current study shows that in addition to the fluoride ion, polyatomic groups with strong electronic affinities can also form stable noble gas containing anions of the type Y−…NgO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei-Ping Hu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-272-0411 (ext. 66402)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rohdenburg M, Azov VA, Warneke J. New Perspectives in the Noble Gas Chemistry Opened by Electrophilic Anions. Front Chem 2020; 8:580295. [PMID: 33282830 PMCID: PMC7691601 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of noble gases (NGs) is commonly considered to be the realm of highly reactive electophiles with cationic or at least non-charged character. Herein, we summarize our latest results evidencing that the incorporation of a strongly electrophilic site within a rigid cage-like anionic structure offers several advantages that facilitate the binding of noble gases and stabilize the formed NG adducts. The anionic superelectrophiles investigated by us are based on the closo-dodecaborate dianion scaffold. The record holder [B12(CN)11]− binds spontaneously almost all members of the NG family, including the very inert argon at room temperature and neon at 50 K in the gas phase of mass spectrometers. In this perspective, we summarize the argumentation for the advantages of anionic electrophiles in binding of noble gases and explain them in detail using several examples. Then we discuss the next steps necessary to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the binding properties of electrophilic anions with NGs. Finally, we discuss the perspective to prepare bulk ionic materials containing NG derivatives of the anionic superelectophiles. In particular, we explore the role of counterions using computational methods and discuss the methodology, which may be used for the actual preparation of such salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohdenburg
- Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vladimir A Azov
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan S, Jana G, Saha R, Zhao L, Chattaraj PK. Intriguing structural, bonding and reactivity features in some beryllium containing complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27476-27495. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We highlighted our contributions to Be chemistry which include bond-stretch isomerism in Be32− species, Be complexes bound with noble gas, CO, and N2, Be based nanorotors, and intriguing bonding situations in some Be complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur
- India
| | - Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur
- India
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saha R, Jana G, Pan S, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. How Far Can One Push the Noble Gases Towards Bonding?: A Personal Account. Molecules 2019; 24:E2933. [PMID: 31412650 PMCID: PMC6719121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Noble gases (Ngs) are the least reactive elements in the periodic table towards chemical bond formation when compared with other elements because of their completely filled valence electronic configuration. Very often, extreme conditions like low temperatures, high pressures and very reactive reagents are required for them to form meaningful chemical bonds with other elements. In this personal account, we summarize our works to date on Ng complexes where we attempted to theoretically predict viable Ng complexes having strong bonding to synthesize them under close to ambient conditions. Our works cover three different types of Ng complexes, viz., non-insertion of NgXY type, insertion of XNgY type and Ng encapsulated cage complexes where X and Y can represent any atom or group of atoms. While the first category of Ng complexes can be thermochemically stable at a certain temperature depending on the strength of the Ng-X bond, the latter two categories are kinetically stable, and therefore, their viability and the corresponding conditions depend on the size of the activation barrier associated with the release of Ng atom(s). Our major focus was devoted to understand the bonding situation in these complexes by employing the available state-of-the-art theoretic tools like natural bond orbital, electron density, and energy decomposition analyses in combination with the natural orbital for chemical valence theory. Intriguingly, these three types of complexes represent three different types of bonding scenarios. In NgXY, the strength of the donor-acceptor Ng→XY interaction depends on the polarizing power of binding the X center to draw the rather rigid electron density of Ng towards itself, and sometimes involvement of such orbitals becomes large enough, particularly for heavier Ng elements, to consider them as covalent bonds. On the other hand, in most of the XNgY cases, Ng forms an electron-shared covalent bond with X while interacting electrostatically with Y representing itself as [XNg]+Y-. Nevertheless, in some of the rare cases like NCNgNSi, both the C-Ng and Ng-N bonds can be represented as electron-shared covalent bonds. On the other hand, a cage host is an excellent moiety to examine the limits that can be pushed to attain bonding between two Ng atoms (even for He) at high pressure. The confinement effect by a small cage-like B12N12 can even induce some covalent interaction within two He atoms in the He2@B12N12 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, Mérida 97310, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan S, Jana G, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Noble-Noble Strong Union: Gold at Its Best to Make a Bond with a Noble Gas Atom. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:173-187. [PMID: 30740292 PMCID: PMC6356865 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This Review presents the current status of the noble gas (Ng)‐noble metal chemistry, which began in 1977 with the detection of AuNe+ through mass spectroscopy and then grew from 2000 onwards; currently, the field is in a somewhat matured state. On one side, modern quantum chemistry is very effective in providing important insights into the structure, stability, and barrier for the decomposition of Ng compounds and, as a result, a plethora of viable Ng compounds have been predicted. On the other hand. experimental achievement also goes beyond microscopic detection and characterization through spectroscopic techniques and crystal structures at ambient temperature; for example, (AuXe4)2+(Sb2F11−)2 have also been obtained. The bonding between two noble elements of the periodic table can even reach the covalent limit. The relativistic effect makes gold a very special candidate to form a strong bond with Ng in comparison to copper and silver. Insertion compounds, which are metastable in nature, depending on their kinetic stability, display an even more fascinating bonding situation. The degree of covalency in Ng–M (M=noble metal) bonds of insertion compounds is far larger than that in non‐insertion compounds. In fact, in MNgCN (M=Cu, Ag, Au) molecules, the M−Ng and Ng−C bonds might be represented as classical 2c–2e σ bonds. Therefore, noble metals, particularly gold, provide the opportunity for experimental chemists to obtain sufficiently stable complexes with Ng at room temperature in order to characterize them by using experimental techniques and, with the intriguing bonding situation, to explore them with various computational tools from a theoretical perspective. This field is relatively young and, in the coming years, a lot of advancement is expected experimentally as well as theoretically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73 Cordemex 97310 Mérida, Yuc. México
| | - Pratim K Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India.,Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Joshi M, Ghanty TK. Quantum chemical prediction of a superelectrophilic dianion and its binding with noble gas atoms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14379-14382. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08049j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A counterintuitive superelectrophilic dianion with a positive charge as well as lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) localized on free-Be1 in Dianion1 embedded in the negatively charged framework, forms stable [NgBeB11(CN)11]2− compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Joshi
- Theoretical Chemistry Section
- Chemistry Group
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Tapan K Ghanty
- Theoretical Chemistry Section
- Chemistry Group
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao J, Wang Q, Yu W, Huang T, Wang X. M-S Multiple Bond in HMSH, H 2MS, and HMS Molecules (M = B, Al, Ga): Matrix Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8626-8635. [PMID: 30335387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction products of B, Al, and Ga atoms with H2S have been identified in solid argon using matrix isolation infrared absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the ground state B atom reaction with H2S gives the H2BS molecule while for the Al atom the HAlSH molecule forms first, which then further isomerizes to H2AlS upon >500 nm irradiation. The reaction of the Ga atom with H2S only takes place upon photolysis to produce HGaSH in the matrix. The assignments of the major modes for these products were confirmed by appropriate 10B, 11B, D2S, and H234S isotopic shifts and theoretical frequency calculations. Topological analysis of the electron density suggests that both HBSH and H2BS molecules possess covalent B-S bond with significant double bond character, while the M-S bond in the heavier group 13 homologues (Al, Ga) was characterized as a polar covalent strong interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , Guizhou China.,School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , Shanxi China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Tengfei Huang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu X, Liu X, Wang X. Splitting of Hydrogen Sulfide by Group 14 Elements (Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) in Excess Argon at Cryogenic Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7023-7032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Botana J, Hermann A, Valdez S, Zurek E, Yan D, Lin HQ, Miao MS. Reactivity of He with ionic compounds under high pressure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:951. [PMID: 29507302 PMCID: PMC5838161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Until very recently, helium had remained the last naturally occurring element that was known not to form stable solid compounds. Here we propose and demonstrate that there is a general driving force for helium to react with ionic compounds that contain an unequal number of cations and anions. The corresponding reaction products are stabilized not by local chemical bonds but by long-range Coulomb interactions that are significantly modified by the insertion of helium atoms, especially under high pressure. This mechanism also explains the recently discovered reactivity of He and Na under pressure. Our work reveals that helium has the propensity to react with a broad range of ionic compounds at pressures as low as 30 GPa. Since most of the Earth’s minerals contain unequal numbers of positively and negatively charged atoms, our work suggests that large quantities of He might be stored in the Earth’s lower mantle. Helium was long thought to be unable to form stable solid compounds, until a recent discovery that helium reacts with sodium at high pressure. Here, the authors demonstrate the driving force for helium reactivity, showing that it can form new compounds under pressure without forming any local chemical bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Jorge Botana
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Steven Valdez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Dadong Yan
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Miao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wilkin OM, Harris N, Rooms JF, Dixon EL, Bridgeman AJ, Young NA. How Inert, Perturbing, or Interacting Are Cryogenic Matrices? A Combined Spectroscopic (Infrared, Electronic, and X-ray Absorption) and DFT Investigation of Matrix-Isolated Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Zinc Dibromides. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1994-2029. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Wilkin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - Neil Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - John F. Rooms
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - Emma L. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - Adam J. Bridgeman
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nigel A. Young
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao XF, Yuan C, Li SD, Wu YB, Wang X. Simulating the effect of a triple bond to achieve the shortest main group metal–metal distance in diberyllium complexes: a computational study. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14462-14467. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[Ne → Be2H3 ← Ne]+ represents the first global energy minimum having a main group metal–metal distance under 1.700 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado Denver
- Denver
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao J, Yu WJ, Huang TF, Wang XF. Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations of BS2 and BS2−: Strong Pseudo Jahn-Teller Effect. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/1711201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-jie Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Teng-fei Huang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xue-feng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin J, Li W, Liu Y, Wang G, Zhou M. Preparation and characterization of chemically bonded argon-boroxol ring cation complexes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6594-6600. [PMID: 28989687 PMCID: PMC5627188 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation complexes [ArB3O4]+, [ArB3O5]+, [ArB4O6]+ and [ArB5O7]+ were prepared via a laser vaporization supersonic ion source in the gas phase. Their vibrational spectra were measured via mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. Spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations revealed that the [ArB3O5]+, [ArB4O6]+ and [ArB5O7]+ cation complexes have planar structures each involving an aromatic boroxol ring and an argon-boron covalent bond. In contrast, the [ArB3O4]+ cation is characterized to be a weakly bound complex with a B3O4+ chain structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dermer AR, Green ML, Mascaritolo KJ, Heaven MC. Photoelectron Velocity Map Imaging Spectroscopy of the Beryllium Sulfide Anion, BeS . J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5645-5650. [PMID: 28691819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Slow electron velocity map imaging (SEVI) spectroscopy was used to examine the BeS- anion to neutral ground-state transition, X 2Σ+ → X 1Σ+. Rotational constants, vibrational intervals, and the electron binding energy of BeS- were determined. Partially resolved rotational contours were seen due to the relatively small moment of inertia of beryllium sulfide. Upon analysis of the rotational contours, it was found that changes in the molecular rotational angular momentum, ΔN = -1, -2, -3, and -4, facilitated photodetachment at near-threshold photon energies. The electron affinity of BeS was found to be 2.3346(2) eV. SEVI spectra recorded using photon energies near the threshold for Δv = -1 processes exhibited features that were associated with a dipole-bound state (DBS) of BeS-. Autodetachment spectroscopy was used to probe this state, and rotationally resolved data were obtained for the DBS 2Σ+, v' = 0 - X 2Σ+, v″ = 0 transition. Analysis of this structure provided the rotational constants for BeS- X, v″ = 0, and the electron binding energy of the DBS. Electronic structure calculations, performed at the RCCSD(T) and MRCI levels of theory, gave predictions that were in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Dermer
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mallory L Green
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kyle J Mascaritolo
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michael C Heaven
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Li ZZ, Li AY. Monocyclic aromatic compounds B nRg n(n-2)+ of boron and rare gases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19109-19119. [PMID: 28702603 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The monocyclic compounds (BRg)3+(D3h), (BRg)42+(D4h), (BRg)53+(D5h) and (BRg)64+(D6h) formed between boron and rare gases Rg (He-Rn) are theoretically predicted to be stable structures and have π-aromaticity with a delocalized nc-2e π-system. For heavier rare gases Ar-Rn, the B-Rg bond energy is quite high and ranges from 15 to 96 kcal mol-1, increasing with the ring size and the atomic number of rare gases; the B-Rg bond length is close to the sum of covalent radii of B and Rg atoms; NBO and AIM analyses show that the B-Rg bonds for Ar-Rn have a typical covalent character. The B-Rg bond is stabilized mainly by σ-donation from the valence p orbital of Rg to the vacant valence orbital of the boron ring. We searched for a large number of isomers for the systems of Ar and found that the titled monocyclic compounds (BAr)3+(D3h), (BAr)42+(D4h) and (BAr)53+(D5h) should be global energy minima. For (BAr)64+ the global energy minimum is an octahedral caged structure, but the titled monocyclic compound is the secondary stable local energy minimum. The energy and thermodynamic stability of the ring BnRgn(n-2)+ cations indicate that these rare gas compounds may be viable species in experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhe Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - An Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saha R, Pan S, Chattaraj PK. NgMCp+: Noble Gas Bound Half-Sandwich Complexes (Ng = He–Rn, M = Be–Ba, and Cp = η5-C5H5). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3526-3539. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Silane activation by laser-ablated Be atoms: Formation of HBeSiH 3 and HBe(μ-H) 3 Si molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Yu W, Liu X, Xu B, Xing X, Wang X. Infrared Spectra of Novel NgBeSO 2 Complexes (Ng = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) in Low Temperature Matrixes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8590-8598. [PMID: 27723974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel noble-gas complexes NgBeSO2 (Ng = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) have been prepared in the laser-evaporated beryllium atom reactions with SO2 in low-temperature matrixes. Doped with heavier noble gas, the guest (Ar, Kr, Xe) atom can substitute neon to form more stable complex. Infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations are used to confirm the band assignment. The dissociation energies are calculated at 0.9, 4.0, 4.7, and 6.0 kcal/mol for NeBeSO2, ArBeSO2, KrBeSO2, and XeBeSO2, respectively, at the CCSD(T) level. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that the Ng-Be bonds in NgBeSO2 could be formed by the combination of electron-donation and ion-induced dipole interactions. The Wiberg bond index (WBI) values of Ng-Be bonds and LOL (localized orbital locator) profile indicate that the Ng-Be bond exhibits a gradual increase in covalent character along Ne to Xe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
How many electrons form chemical bonds in the NgBeS (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe) molecules? Topological study using the electron localisation function (ELF) and electron localisability indicator (ELI-D). Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
27
|
Kurzydłowski D, Zaleski-Ejgierd P. High-pressure stabilization of argon fluorides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2309-13. [PMID: 26742478 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On account of the rapid development of noble gas chemistry in the past half-century both xenon and krypton compounds can now be isolated in macroscopic quantities. The same does not hold true for the next lighter group 18 element, argon, which forms only isolated molecules stable solely in low temperature matrices or supersonic jet streams. Here we present theoretical investigations into a new high-pressure reaction pathway, which enables synthesis of argon fluorides in bulk and at room temperature. Our hybrid DFT calculations (employing the HSE06 functional) indicate that above 60 GPa ArF2-containing molecular crystals can be obtained by a reaction between argon and molecular fluorine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kurzydłowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. S. Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, ul. K. Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Zaleski-Ejgierd
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pan S, Ghara M, Ghosh S, Chattaraj PK. Noble gas bound beryllium chromate and beryllium hydrogen phosphate: a comparison with noble gas bound beryllium oxide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new beryllium based compounds, beryllium hydrogen phosphate and beryllium chromate are found to have remarkable noble gas binding ability, particularly for Ar–Rn atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Manas Ghara
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Sreyan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stable Lithium Argon compounds under high pressure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16675. [PMID: 26582083 PMCID: PMC4652216 DOI: 10.1038/srep16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure can fundamentally alter the bonding patterns of chemical elements. Its effects include stimulating elements thought to be “inactive” to form unexpectedly stable compounds with unusual chemical and physical properties. Here, using an unbiased structure search method based on CALYPSO methodology and density functional total energy calculations, the phase stabilities and crystal structures of Li−Ar compounds are systematically investigated at high pressure up to 300 GPa. Two unexpected LimArn compounds (LiAr and Li3Ar) are predicted to be stable above 112 GPa and 119 GPa, respectively. A detailed analysis of the electronic structure of LiAr and Li3Ar shows that Ar in these compounds attracts electrons and thus behaves as an oxidizing agent. This is markedly different from the hitherto established chemical reactivity of Ar. Moreover, we predict that the P4/mmm phase of Li3Ar has a superconducting transition temperature of 17.6 K at 120 GPa.
Collapse
|
30
|
Sekhar P, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Noble Gas Inserted Protonated Silicon Monoxide Cations: HNgOSi+ (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11601-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sekhar
- Theoretical
Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Laser
and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Tapan K. Ghanty
- Theoretical
Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gao K, Sheng L. Theoretical investigation of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144301. [PMID: 25877572 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, and dissociation energies of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) were investigated using the following method: Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), Boese-Matrin for Kinetics (BMK), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and coupled-cluster with single and double excitations as well as perturbative inclusion of triples (CCSD(T)). The results indicate that HHeNH3(+), HArNH3(+), HKrNH3(+), and HXeNH3(+) ions are metastable species that are protected from decomposition by high energy barriers, whereas the HNeNH3(+) ion is unstable because of its relatively small energy barrier for decomposition. The bonding nature of noble-gas atoms in HNgNH3(+) was also analyzed using the atoms in molecules approach, natural energy decomposition analysis, and natural bond orbital analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunqi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li ZZ, Li AY, Ji LF. Theoretical Predictions of C3v Symmetric Three-H-Bridged Noble Gas Compounds NgBeH3BeR, NgBeH3BR+, and NgBH3BR2+. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8400-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhe Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People′s Republic of China
| | - An Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People′s Republic of China
| | - Li Fei Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People′s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saha R, Pan S, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Comparative Study on the Noble-Gas Binding Ability of BeX Clusters (X = SO4, CO3, O). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6746-52. [PMID: 26024440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio computations are carried out to assess the noble gas (Ng) binding capability of BeSO4 cluster. We have further compared the stability of NgBeSO4 with that of the recently detected NgBeCO3 cluster. The Ng-Be bond in NgBeCO3 is somewhat weaker than that in NgBeO cluster. In NgBeSO4, the Ng-Be bond is found to be stronger compared with not only the Ng-Be bond in NgBeCO3 but also that in NgBeO, except the He case. The Ar-Rn-bound BeSO4 analogues are viable even at room temperature. The Wiberg bond indices of Be-Ng bonds and the degree of electron transfer from Ng to Be are somewhat larger in NgBeSO4 than those in NgBeCO3 and NgBeO. Electron density and energy decomposition analyses are performed in search of the nature of interaction in the Be-Ng bond in NgBeSO4. The orbital energy term (ΔE(orb)) contributes the maximum (ca. 80-90%) to the total attraction energy. The Ar/Kr/Xe/Rn-Be bonds in NgBeSO4 could be of partial covalent type with a gradual increase in covalency along Ar to Rn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Saha
- †Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Pan
- †Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Gabriel Merino
- ‡Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Pratim K Chattaraj
- †Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Borocci S, Giordani M, Grandinetti F. Bonding Motifs of Noble-Gas Compounds As Described by the Local Electron Energy Density. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6528-41. [PMID: 25988571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bonding situation of some exemplary noble-gas (Ng) compounds, including HNg(+), HNgF, FNgO(-), Ng-HF, and NgBeO (Ng = He-Xe) was assayed by examining their local electron energy density H(r). In general, this function partitions the space of atomic species (neutral and ionic) into inner regions of negative values and outer regions of positive values. In the formation of chemical bonds, these atomic regions combine so to form a molecular H(r), Hmol(r), whose plotted form naturally shows the "covalent" and "noncovalent" regions of the molecular species and allows also the recognition of different types of noncovalent interactions such van der Waals, hydrogen, and ionic or partially ionic bonds. The qualitative assignment of the various bonding motifs is corroborated by the topological analysis of Hmol(r), which typically includes several critical points of rank 3 and variable signature. These points are, in particular, characterized here in terms of their bond degree (BD). From a previous definition (Espinosa J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 117, 5529-5542), this quantity is taken as the ratio between the energy density calculated at the critical point of H(r), H(rc), and the corresponding electron density ρ(rc): BD = -H(rc)/ρ(rc). Thus, the BD is positive for covalent interactions (H(rc) < 0) and negative for noncovalent interactions (H(rc) > 0). For structurally related species, the BD result, in general, positively correlated with the binding energies and is, therefore, a semiquantitative index of stability. The present study suggests the general validity of the Hmol(r) to effectively assay the bonding motifs of noble-gas compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Borocci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.,Istituto per le Metodologie Chimiche del CNR, Via Salaria, Km 29.500, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Maria Giordani
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.,Istituto per le Metodologie Chimiche del CNR, Via Salaria, Km 29.500, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Felice Grandinetti
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.,Istituto per le Metodologie Chimiche del CNR, Via Salaria, Km 29.500, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cappelletti D, Bartocci A, Grandinetti F, Falcinelli S, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Pirani F. Experimental Evidence of Chemical Components in the Bonding of Helium and Neon with Neutral Molecules. Chemistry 2015; 21:6234-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Pan S, Saha R, Chattaraj PK. On the stability of noble gas bound 1-tris(pyrazolyl)borate beryllium and magnesium complexes. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1-Tris(pyrazolyl)borate beryllium and magnesium cationic complexes are found to bind Ar–Rn atoms quite effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nabiev SS, Sokolov VB, Chaivanov BB. Molecular and crystal structures of noble gas compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Zhang Q, Chen M, Zhou M, Andrada DM, Frenking G. Experimental and theoretical studies of the infrared spectra and bonding properties of NgBeCO₃ and a comparison with NgBeO (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe). J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2543-52. [PMID: 25321412 DOI: 10.1021/jp509006u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The novel neon complex NeBeCO3 has been prepared in a low-temperature neon matrix via codeposition of laser-evaporated beryllium atoms with O2 + CO/Ne. Doping by the heavier noble gas atoms argon, krypton and xenon yielded the associated adducts NgBeCO3 (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe). The noble gas complexes have been identified via infrared spectroscopy. Quantum chemical calculations of NgBeCO3 and NgBeO (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) using ab initio methods and density functional theory show that the Ng-BeCO3 bonds are slightly longer and weaker than the Ng-BeO bonds. The energy decomposition analysis of the Ng-Be bonds suggests that the attractive interactions come mainly from the Ng → BeCO3 and Ng → BeO σ donation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Zhang
- †Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mohua Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- †Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Diego M Andrada
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pan S, Moreno D, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Stability of Noble-Gas-Bound SiH3+Clusters. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3554-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Foroutan-Nejad C, Vicha J, Marek R. Design of stereoelectronically promoted super lewis acids and unprecedented chemistry of their complexes. Chemistry 2014; 20:11584-90. [PMID: 25055748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new family of stereoelectronically promoted aluminum and scandium super Lewis acids is introduced on the basis of state-of-the-art computations. Structures of these molecules are designed to minimize resonance electron donation to central metal atoms in the Lewis acids. Acidity of these species is evaluated on the basis of their fluoride-ion affinities relative to the antimony pentafluoride reference system. It is demonstrated that introduced changes in the stereochemistry of the designed ligands increase acidity considerably relative to Al and Sc complexes with analogous monodentate ligands. The high stability of fluoride complexes of these species makes them ideal candidates to be used as weakly coordinating anions in combination with highly reactive cations instead of conventional Lewis acid-fluoride complexes. Further, the interaction of all designed molecules with methane is investigated. All studied acids form stable pentavalent-carbon complexes with methane. In addition, interactions of the strongest acid of this family with very weak bases, namely, H2, N2, carbon oxides, and noble gases were investigated; it is demonstrated that this compound can form considerably stable complexes with the aforementioned molecules. To the best of our knowledge, carbonyl and nitrogen complexes of this species are the first hypothetical four-coordinated carbonyl and nitrogen complexes of aluminum. The nature of bonding in these systems is studied in detail by various bonding analysis approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5A4, 62500 Brno (Czech Republic).
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Q, Zhao J, Wang X. Reactions of Ti, Zr, and Hf Atoms with Hydrogen Sulfide: Argon Matrix Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2244-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5054106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu X, Wang X, Xu B, Andrews L. Spectroscopic observation of photo-induced metastable linkage isomers of coinage metal (Cu, Ag, Au) sulfur dioxide complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2607-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Pan S, Moreno D, Cabellos JL, Romero J, Reyes A, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. In quest of strong Be-Ng bonds among the neutral Ng-Be complexes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:487-94. [PMID: 24199587 DOI: 10.1021/jp409941v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The global minimum geometries of BeCN2 and BeNBO are linear BeN-CN and BeN-BO, respectively. The Be center of BeCN2 binds He with the highest Be-He dissociation energy among the studied neutral He-Be complexes. In addition, BeCN2 can be further tuned as a better noble gas trapper by attaching it with any electron-withdrawing group. Taking BeO, BeS, BeNH, BeNBO, and BeCN2 systems, the study at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP level of theory also shows that both BeCN2 and BeNBO systems have higher noble gas binding ability than those related reported systems. ΔG values for the formation of NgBeCN2/NgBeNBO (Ng = Ar-Rn) are negative at room temperature (298 K), whereas the same becomes negative at low temperature for Ng = He and Ne. The polarization plus the charge transfer is the dominating term in the interaction energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sirohiwal A, Manna D, Ghosh A, Jayasekharan T, Ghanty TK. Theoretical prediction of rare gas containing hydride cations: HRgBF+ (Rg = He, Ar, Kr, and Xe). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10772-82. [PMID: 24032346 DOI: 10.1021/jp4064824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The existence of rare-gas-containing hydride ions of boron (HRgBF(+)) has been predicted by using ab initio quantum chemical methods. The HRgBF(+) ions are obtained by inserting a rare gas (Rg) atom in between the H and B atoms of a HBF(+) ion, and the geometries are optimized for minima as well as transition states using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), density functional theory (DFT), and coupled-cluster theory (CCSD(T)) based techniques. The predicted HRgBF(+) ions are found to be metastable, and they exhibit a linear structure at the minima and a nonlinear planar structure at the transition state, corresponding to C∞v and Cs symmetries, respectively. All of the predicted HRgBF(+) ions show negative binding energies with respect to the two-body dissociation channel, leading to global minima (HBF(+) + Rg) on the singlet potential energy surface. In contrast, the dissociation energies corresponding to another two-body dissociation channel leading to HRg(+) + BF and two three-body dissociation channels corresponding to the dissociation into H + Rg + BF(+) and H(+) + Rg + BF show very high positive energies. Apart from positive dissociation energies, the predicted ions show finite barrier heights corresponding to the transition states involving a H-Rg-B bending mode, leading to the global minima products (HBF(+) + Rg). The finite barrier heights in turn would prevent the metastable HRgBF(+) species from transforming to global minima products. Structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies, stability, and Mulliken and natural bonding orbital (NBO) charge distribution values for all of the species are reported using the MP2 and DFT methods. Furthermore, the intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis confirms that the metastable minimum-energy structure and the global minimum products are connected through the corresponding transition state for each of the species on the respective singlet potential energy surface. Atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analysis indicates that the HRgBF(+) ions are best described as HRg(+)BF and are analogous to the isoelectronic HRgCO(+) and HRgN2(+) ions. The energetic along with charge redistribution and spectroscopic data strongly support the possible existence of HRgBF(+) ions. Hence, it might be possible to generate HRgBF(+) ions in the DC discharge plasma of a BF3/H2/Rg mixture at low temperature, and the predicted ions may be characterized using the magnetic field modulated infrared laser spectroscopic technique, which has been used earlier to characterize HBF(+) ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Departmnet of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Bhopal 462 023, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang X, Andrews L, Thanthiriwatte KS, Dixon DA. Infrared Spectra of H2ThS and H2US in Noble Gas Matrixes: Enhanced H-An-S Covalent Bonding. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10275-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - K. Sahan Thanthiriwatte
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pan S, Jalife S, Kumar RM, Subramanian V, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Structure and Stability of (NG)nCN3Be3+Clusters and Comparison with (NG)BeY0/+. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2511-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
48
|
|