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Wang S, Zhang Q, Wang W, Wang Q. Unexpected enhancement of sulfuric acid-driven new particle formation by alcoholic amines: The role of ion-induced nucleation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119079. [PMID: 37748297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) contributes more than half of the global aerosol. Diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are the most common amines used to remove CO2 and H2S, which are lost to the atmosphere from CO2 chemical absorbers, livestock and consumer products and are involved in sulfuric acid (SA)-driven NPF. Ion-induced nucleation (IIN) is an important nucleation pathway for NPF. We investigated the role of IIN on DEA and MDEA enhancing SA-driven NPF using density functional method (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and atmospheric cluster dynamics code (ACDC). The effects of SO42-, H3O+, NH4+, HSO4-, NO3-, ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine and water (W) on the nucleation of SA-DEA were further investigated. The enhancement ability of DEA is greater than that of dimethylamine (DMA) and MDEA. Participation in SA-based NPF is a removal pathway for DEA and MDEA. DEA-SA clusters are generated that not only aggregate DEA and SA molecules, but also increase further growth of atmospheric ions. The very low Gibbs formation free energy highlights the importance of ion-induced nucleation for SA-based NPF. The order of the ability of common atmospheric ions to increase the (SA)(DEA) cluster nucleation is SO42- > H3O+ > NH4+ > HSO4- > NO3-. The addition of 20 water molecules increases the (SA)(DEA)9 cluster from 1.882 nm to 2.053 nm, promoting SA-based NPF. The atmospheric ions accelerate the aggregation rate of the (SA)5(DEA)5 cluster within 15 ns?
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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2
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Khouni M, Hammecker C, Grunberger O, Chaabane H. Effect of salinity on the fate of pesticides in irrigated systems: a first overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90471-90488. [PMID: 37479927 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates the impact of salinity on the fate of the active compounds of pesticides in a cultivated environment. Due to the over-exploitation of water resources and intensification of agriculture, salinity outbreaks are being observed more often in cultivated fields under pesticide treatments. Nevertheless, there is a poor understanding of the incidence of varying water salt loads on the behavior of pesticides' active ingredients in soil and water bodies. The present review established that water salinity can affect the diffusion of pesticides' active ingredients through numerous processes. Firstly, by increasing the vapor pressure and decreasing the solubility of the compounds, which is known as the salting-out effect, salinity can change the colligative properties of water towards molecules and the modification of exchange capacity and sorption onto the chemicals. It has also been established that the osmotic stress induced by salinity could inhibit the biodegradation process by reducing the activity of sensitive microorganisms. Moreover, soil properties like dissolved organic matter, organic carbon, clay content, and soil texture control the fate and availability of chemicals in different processes of persistence in water and soil matrix. In the same line, salinity promotes the formation of different complexes, such as between humic acid and the studied active compounds. Furthermore, salinity can modify the water flux due to soil clogging because of the coagulation and dispersion of clay particle cycles, especially when the change in salinity ranges is severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Khouni
- Laboratory of Bioagressors and Integrated Protection in Agronomy (LR/AGR14), Department of Plant Health and Environment, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Claude Hammecker
- UMR LISAH, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Grunberger
- UMR LISAH, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hanène Chaabane
- Laboratory of Bioagressors and Integrated Protection in Agronomy (LR/AGR14), Department of Plant Health and Environment, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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Fan W, Chen T, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Yin D. A review of secondary organic aerosols formation focusing on organosulfates and organic nitrates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128406. [PMID: 35149506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are crucial constitution of fine particulate matter (PM), which are mainly derived from photochemical oxidation products of primary organic matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and can induce terrible impacts to human health, air quality and climate change. As we know, organosulfates (OSs) and organic nitrates (ON) are important contributors for SOA formation, which could be possibly produced through various pathways, resulting in extremely complex formation mechanism of SOA. Although plenty of research has been focused on the origins, spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of SOA, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of SOA formation in the atmosphere remains to be detailed explored, especially the most important OSs and ON dedications. Thus, in this review, we systematically summarize the recent research about origins and formation mechanisms of OSs and ON, and especially focus on their contribution to SOA, so as to have a clearer understanding of the origin, spatial distribution and formation principle of SOA. Importantly, we interpret the complex interaction with coexistence effect of SOx and NOx on SOA formation, and emphasize the future insights for SOA research to expect a more comprehensive theory and practice to alleviate SOA burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulve Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Longnecker E, Metz L, Miller RS, Berke AE. Probing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Secondary Organic Aerosol Mimicking Solutions Using Articulated Straws. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33436-33442. [PMID: 34926893 PMCID: PMC8674910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence or absence of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in aerosol particles containing oxidized organic species and inorganic salts affects particle morphology and influences uptake into, diffusion through, and reactivity within those particles. We report here an accessible method, similar to ice core analyses, using solutions that are relevant for both aerosol chemical systems and aqueous two-phase extraction systems and contain ammonium sulfate and one of eight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-butaonol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-propanediol) frozen in articulated (bendable) straws to probe LLPS. For alcohols with negative octanol-water partitioning coefficient (K OW) values and O/C ratios ≥0.5, no LLPS occurs, while for alcohols with positive K OW values and O/C ratios ≤0.33, phase separation always occurs, both findings consistent with observations using different experimental techniques. When a third species, glyoxal, is added, the glyoxal stays in the aqueous phase, regardless of whether LLPS occurs. When phase separation occurs, the glyoxal forms a strong intermolecular interaction with the sulfate ion, red-shifting the ν3(SO4 2-) peak by 15 cm-1. These results provide evidence of chemical interactions within phase-separated systems that have implications for understanding chemical reactivity within those, and related, systems.
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Michailoudi G, Hyttinen N, Kurtén T, Prisle NL. Solubility and Activity Coefficients of Atmospheric Surfactants in Aqueous Solution Evaluated Using COSMO therm. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:430-443. [PMID: 31829596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (CH3(CH2)n-2COOH) and their salts are an important class of atmospheric surfactants. Here, we use COSMOtherm to predict solubility and activity coefficients for C2-C12 fatty acids with even number of carbon atoms and their sodium salts in binary water solutions and also in ternary water-inorganic salt solutions. COSMOtherm is a continuum solvent model implementation which can calculate properties of complex systems using quantum chemistry and thermodynamics. Calculated solubility values of the organic acids in pure water are in good agreement with reported experimental values. The comparison of the COSMOtherm-derived Setschenow constants for ternary solutions comprising NaCl with the corresponding experimental values from the literature shows that COSMOtherm overpredicts the salting out effect in all cases except for the solutions of acetic acid. The calculated activity and mean activity coefficients of fatty acids and fatty acid sodium salts, respectively, show deviation of the systems from ideal solution. The computed mean activity coefficients of the fatty acid salts in binary systems are in better agreement with experimentally derived values for the organic salts with longer aliphatic chain (C8-C10). The deviation of the solutions from ideality could lead to biased estimations of cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations if not considered in Köhler calculations and cloud microphysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Michailoudi
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit , University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit , University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu , Finland.,Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Nønne L Prisle
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit , University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
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Stojić A, Stanić N, Vuković G, Stanišić S, Perišić M, Šoštarić A, Lazić L. Explainable extreme gradient boosting tree-based prediction of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene wet deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:140-147. [PMID: 30408662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Current research suggests that, apart from photochemical reactions, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (TEX) removal from ambient air might be affected by atmospheric precipitation, depending on the concentrations and water solubility of the compounds, Henry's law, physico-chemical properties of the water, as well as the frequency and intensity of precipitation events. Nevertheless, existing knowledge of the role that wet deposition plays in biogeochemical cycles of volatile species remains insufficient, and this topic requires more scientific effort to be explored and understood. In this study, we employed the eXtreme Gradient Boosting tree ensemble for revealing TEX transfer from ambient air to rainwater, and applied a novel SHapley Additive exPlanations feature attribution framework to examine the relevance of the monitored parameters and identify key factors that govern wet deposition of TEX. According to the results, main impacts, including ambient air TEX concentrations, and rainwater and air temperatures, and occasional, but less important impacts, including wind speed, air pressure, turbidity, and total organic carbon, NO3-, Cl- and K+ rainwater concentration, shaped TEX partition between gaseous and aqueous phases during rain events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Stojić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Stanić
- Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mirjana Perišić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrej Šoštarić
- Institute of Public Health Belgrade, Despota Stefana 54, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Lazić
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Carlton AG, Pye HOT, Baker KR, Hennigan CJ. Additional Benefits of Federal Air-Quality Rules: Model Estimates of Controllable Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9254-9265. [PMID: 30005158 PMCID: PMC6748392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric models that accurately describe the fate and transport of trace species for the right reasons aid in the development of effective air-quality management strategies that safeguard human health. Controllable emissions facilitate the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) to enhance the atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) burden. Previous modeling with the EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model predicted that anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions had the greatest impact on BSOA. That experiment included formation processes involving semivolatile partitioning but not aerosol liquid water (ALW), a ubiquitous PM constituent. We conduct 17 summertime CMAQ simulations with updated chemistry and evaluate changes in BSOA due to the removal of individual pollutants and source sectors for the contiguous U.S. CMAQ predicts SO2 from electricity generating units, and mobile source NOX emissions have the largest impacts on BSOA. The removal of anthropogenic NOX, SO2, and POA emissions during the simulation reduces the nationally averaged BSOA by 23, 14, and 8% and PM2.5 by 9.2, 14, and 5.3%, respectively. ALW mass concentrations decrease by 10 and 35% in response to the removal of NOX and SO2 emissions. This work contributes chemical insight into ancillary benefits of Federal NOX and SO2 rules that concurrently reduce organic PM2.5 mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie G Carlton
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Havala O T Pye
- Office of Research and Development , U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Kirk R Baker
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards , U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Christopher J Hennigan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Maryland 21250 , United States
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8
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Gen M, Huang DD, Chan CK. Reactive Uptake of Glyoxal by Ammonium-Containing Salt Particles as a Function of Relative Humidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6903-6911. [PMID: 29775291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactions between dissolved ammonia and carbonyls, which form light-absorbing species in atmospheric particles, can be accelerated by actively removing water from the reaction system. Here, we examine the effects of relative humidity (RH) on the reactive uptake of glyoxal (Gly) by aqueous particles of ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium bisulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium nitrate (AN), and sodium nitrate. In situ Raman analysis was used to quantify particle-phase Gly and a colored product, 2,2'-biimidazole (BI), as a function of uptake time. Overall, the Gly uptake rate increases with decreasing RH, reflecting the "salting-in" effect. The BI formation rate increases significantly with decreasing RH or aerosol liquid water (ALW). Compared to that at 75% RH, the BI formation rate is enhanced by factors of 29 at 60% RH and 330 at 45% RH for AS particles and 65 at 60% RH, 210 at 45% RH, and 460 at 30% RH for AN particles. These enhancement factors are much larger than those estimated from increased reactant concentrations due to decreases in RH and ALW alone. We postulate that the reduction in ALW at low RH increases the Gly uptake rate via the "salting-in" effect and the BI formation rate by facilitating dehydration reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Gen
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Dan Dan Huang
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
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9
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Liu L, Kupiainen-Määttä O, Zhang H, Li H, Zhong J, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ge M, Zhang X, Li Z. Clustering mechanism of oxocarboxylic acids involving hydration reaction: Implications for the atmospheric models. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Oona Kupiainen-Määttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Haijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhong J, Kumar M, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Insight into Chemistry on Cloud/Aerosol Water Surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1229-1237. [PMID: 29633837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cloud/aerosol water surfaces exert significant influence over atmospheric chemical processes. Atmospheric processes at the water surface are observed to follow mechanisms that are quite different from those in the gas phase. This Account summarizes our recent findings of new reaction pathways on the water surface. We have studied these surface reactions using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. These studies provide useful information on the reaction time scale, the underlying mechanism of surface reactions, and the dynamic behavior of the product formed on the aqueous surface. According to these studies, the aerosol water surfaces confine the atmospheric species into a specific orientation depending on the hydrophilicity of atmospheric species or the hydrogen-bonding interactions between atmospheric species and interfacial water. As a result, atmospheric species are activated toward a particular reaction on the aerosol water surface. For example, the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO) exhibits high reactivity toward the interfacial water and hydrogen sulfide, with the reaction times being a few picoseconds, 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than that in the gas phase. The presence of interfacial water molecules induces proton-transfer-based stepwise pathways for these reactions, which are not possible in the gas phase. The strong hydrophobicity of methyl substituents in larger Criegee intermediates (>C1), such as CH3CHOO and (CH3)2COO, blocks the formation of the necessary prereaction complexes for the Criegee-water reaction to occur at the water droplet surface, which lowers their proton-transfer ability and hampers the reaction. The aerosol water surface provides a solvent medium for acids (e.g., HNO3 and HCOOH) to participate in reactions via mechanisms that are different from those in the gas and bulk aqueous phases. For example, the anti-CH3CHOO-HNO3 reaction in the gas phase follows a direct reaction between anti-CH3CHOO and HNO3, whereas on a water surface, the HNO3-mediated stepwise hydration of anti-CH3CHOO is dominantly observed. The high surface/volume ratio of interfacial water molecules at the aerosol water surface can significantly lower the energy barriers for the proton transfer reactions in the atmosphere. Such catalysis by the aerosol water surface is shown to cause the barrier-less formation of ammonium bisulfate from hydrated NH3 and SO3 molecules rather than from the reaction of H2SO4 with NH3. Finally, an aerosol water droplet is a polar solvent, which would favorably interact with high polarity substrates. This can accelerate interconversion of different conformers (e.g., anti and syn) of atmospheric species, such as glyoxal, depending on their polarity. The results discussed here enable an improved understanding of atmospheric processes on the aerosol water surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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11
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Wang CY, Jiang S, Liu YR, Wen H, Wang ZQ, Han YJ, Huang T, Huang W. Synergistic Effect of Ammonia and Methylamine on Nucleation in the Earth’s Atmosphere. A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3470-3479. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ya-Juan Han
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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12
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Liu L, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ge M. Gas-phase hydration of glyoxylic acid: Kinetics and atmospheric implications. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:430-437. [PMID: 28802978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxocarboxylic acids are one of the most important organic species found in secondary organic aerosols and can be detected in diverse environments. But the hydration of oxocarboxylic acids in the atmosphere has still not been fully understood. Neglecting the hydration of oxocarboxylic acids in atmospheric models may be one of the most important reasons for the significant discrepancies between field measurements and abundance predictions of atmospheric models for oxocarboxylic acids. In the present paper, glyoxylic acid, as the most abundant oxocarboxylic acids in the atmosphere, has been selected as an example to study whether the hydration process can occur in the atmosphere and what the kinetic process of hydration is. The gas-phase hydration of glyoxylic acid to form the corresponding geminal diol and those catalyzed by atmospheric common substances (water, sulfuric acid and ammonia) have been investigated at the CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVDZ-F12//M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. The contour map of electron density difference of transition states have been further analyzed. It is indicated that these atmospheric common substances can all catalyze on the hydration to some extent and sulfuric acid is the most effective reducing the Gibbs free energy of activation to 9.48 kcal/mol. The effective rate constants combining the overall rate constants and concentrations of the corresponding catalysts have shown that water and sulfuric acid are both important catalysts and the catalysis of sulfuric acid is the most effective for the gas-phase hydration of glyoxylic acid. This catalyzed processes are potentially effective in coastal regions and polluted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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13
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Toivola M, Prisle NL, Elm J, Waxman EM, Volkamer R, Kurtén T. Can COSMOTherm Predict a Salting in Effect? J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6288-6295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martta Toivola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nønne L. Prisle
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eleanor M. Waxman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Stangl CM, Johnston MV. Aqueous Reaction of Dicarbonyls with Ammonia as a Potential Source of Organic Nitrogen in Airborne Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3720-3727. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Stangl
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Murray V. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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15
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Sareen N, Waxman EM, Turpin BJ, Volkamer R, Carlton AG. Potential of Aerosol Liquid Water to Facilitate Organic Aerosol Formation: Assessing Knowledge Gaps about Precursors and Partitioning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3327-3335. [PMID: 28169540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX), glyoxal, and methylglyoxal are ubiquitous water-soluble organic gases (WSOGs) that partition to aerosol liquid water (ALW) and clouds to form aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). Recent laboratory-derived Setschenow (or salting) coefficients suggest glyoxal's potential to form aqSOA is enhanced by high aerosol salt molality, or "salting-in". In the southeastern U.S., aqSOA is responsible for a significant fraction of ambient organic aerosol, and correlates with sulfate mass. However, the mechanistic explanation for this correlation remains elusive, and an assessment of the importance of different WSOGs to aqSOA is currently missing. We employ EPA's CMAQ model to the continental U.S. during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) to compare the potential of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and IEPOX to partition to ALW, as the initial step toward aqSOA formation. Among these three studied compounds, IEPOX is a dominant contributor, ∼72% on average in the continental U.S., to potential aqSOA mass due to Henry's Law constants and molecular weights. Glyoxal contributes significantly, and application of the Setschenow coefficient leads to a greater than 3-fold model domain average increase in glyoxal's aqSOA mass potential. Methylglyoxal is predicted to be a minor contributor. Acid or ammonium - catalyzed ring-opening IEPOX chemistry as well as sulfate-driven ALW and the associated molality may explain positive correlations between SOA and sulfate during SOAS and illustrate ways in which anthropogenic sulfate could regulate biogenic aqSOA formation, ways not presently included in atmospheric models but relevant to development of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sareen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University , 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Eleanor M Waxman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barbara J Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Annmarie G Carlton
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University , 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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16
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Studziński W, Gackowska A, Przybyłek M, Gaca J. Studies on the formation of formaldehyde during 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate demethylation in the presence of reactive oxygen and chlorine species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8049-8061. [PMID: 28133704 PMCID: PMC5384958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to protect the skin from UV radiation, personal care products (PCPS) often contain chemical UV-filters. These compounds can enter the environment causing serious consequences on the water ecosystems. The aim of this study was to examine, the effect of different factors, such as UV light, the presence of NaOCl and H2O2 on the formaldehyde formation during popular UV filter, 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (ODPABA) demethylation. The concentration of formaldehyde was determined by VIS spectrophotometry after derivatization. The reaction mixtures were qualitatively analyzed using GC/MS chromatography. The highest concentration of formaldehyde was observed in the case of ODPABA/H2O2/UV reaction mixture. In order to describe two types of demethylation mechanisms, namely, radical and ionic, the experimental results were enriched with Fukui function analysis and thermodynamic calculations. In the case of non-irradiated system containing ODPABA and NaOCl, demethylation reaction probably proceeds via ionic mechanism. As it was established, amino nitrogen atom in the ODPABA molecule is the most susceptible site for the HOCl electrophilic attack, which is the first step of ionic demethylation mechanism. In the case of irradiated mixtures, the reaction is probably radical in nature. The results of thermodynamic calculations showed that abstraction of the hydrogen from N(CH3)2 group is more probable than from 2-ethylhexyl moiety, which indicates higher susceptibility of N(CH3)2 to the oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Studziński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Gackowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Przybyłek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Gaca
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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17
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Zhu C, Kais S, Zeng XC, Francisco JS, Gladich I. Interfaces Select Specific Stereochemical Conformations: The Isomerization of Glyoxal at the Liquid Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:27-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongqin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sabre Kais
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Li J, Mao J, Min KE, Washenfelder RA, Brown SS, Kaiser J, Keutsch FN, Volkamer R, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Graus M, Gilman JB, Lerner BM, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Middlebrook AM, Liao J, Welti A, Henderson BH, McNeill VF, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Donner LJ, Paulot F, Horowitz LW. Observational constraints on glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation and its contribution to organic aerosol over the Southeast United States. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:9849-9861. [PMID: 29619286 PMCID: PMC5880315 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We use a 0-D photochemical box model and a 3-D global chemistry-climate model, combined with observations from the NOAA Southeast Nexus (SENEX) aircraft campaign, to understand the sources and sinks of glyoxal over the Southeast United States. Box model simulations suggest a large difference in glyoxal production among three isoprene oxidation mechanisms (AM3ST, AM3B, and MCM v3.3.1). These mechanisms are then implemented into a 3-D global chemistry-climate model. Comparison with field observations shows that the average vertical profile of glyoxal is best reproduced by AM3ST with an effective reactive uptake coefficient γglyx of 2 × 10-3, and AM3B without heterogeneous loss of glyoxal. The two mechanisms lead to 0-0.8 μg m-3 secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from glyoxal in the boundary layer of the Southeast U.S. in summer. We consider this to be the lower limit for the contribution of glyoxal to SOA, as other sources of glyoxal other than isoprene are not included in our model. In addition, we find that AM3B shows better agreement on both formaldehyde and the correlation between glyoxal and formaldehyde (RGF = [GLYX]/[HCHO]), resulting from the suppression of δ-isoprene peroxy radicals (δ-ISOPO2). We also find that MCM v3.3.1 may underestimate glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation, in part due to an underestimated yield from the reaction of IEPOX peroxy radicals (IEPOXOO) with HO2. Our work highlights that the gas-phase production of glyoxal represents a large uncertainty in quantifying its contribution to SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kyung-Eun Min
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Washenfelder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Frank N. Keutsch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ilana B. Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Martin Graus
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica B. Gilman
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann M. Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jin Liao
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - André Welti
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Barron H. Henderson
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Leo J. Donner
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fabien Paulot
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Larry W. Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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19
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Wang CY, Ma Y, Chen J, Jiang S, Liu YR, Wen H, Feng YJ, Hong Y, Huang T, Huang W. Bidirectional Interaction of Alanine with Sulfuric Acid in the Presence of Water and the Atmospheric Implication. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2357-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Ya-Juan Feng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Center
for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
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20
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Waxman EM, Elm J, Kurtén T, Mikkelsen KV, Ziemann PJ, Volkamer R. Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Setschenow Salting Constants in Sulfate, Nitrate, and Chloride Solutions: Measurements and Gibbs Energies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11500-8. [PMID: 26335375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about Setschenow salting constants, KS, the exponential dependence of Henry's Law coefficients on salt concentration, is of particular importance to predict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from soluble species in atmospheric waters with high salt concentrations, such as aerosols. We have measured KS of glyoxal and methylglyoxal for the atmospherically relevant salts (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, NaNO3, and NaCl and find that glyoxal consistently "salts-in" (KS of -0.16, -0.06, -0.065, -0.1 molality(-1), respectively) while methylglyoxal "salts-out" (KS of +0.16, +0.075, +0.02, +0.06 molality(-1)). We show that KS values for different salts are additive and present an equation for use in atmospheric models. Additionally, we have performed a series of quantum chemical calculations to determine the interactions between glyoxal/methylglyoxal monohydrate with Cl(-), NO3(-), SO4(2-), Na(+), and NH4(+) and find Gibbs free energies of water displacement of -10.9, -22.0, -22.9, 2.09, and 1.2 kJ/mol for glyoxal monohydrate and -3.1, -10.3, -7.91, 6.11, and 1.6 kJ/mol for methylglyoxal monohydrate with uncertainties of 8 kJ/mol. The quantum chemical calculations support that SO4(2-), NO3(-), and Cl(-) modify partitioning, while cations do not. Other factors such as ion charge or partitioning volume effects likely need to be considered to fully explain salting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Waxman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado , UBC 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Paul J Ziemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado , UBC 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado , UBC 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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21
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Elm J, Myllys N, Hyttinen N, Kurtén T. Computational Study of the Clustering of a Cyclohexene Autoxidation Product C6H8O7 with Itself and Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8414-21. [PMID: 26154271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the molecular interactions between sulfuric acid and a recently reported C6H8O7 ketodiperoxy acid formed through autoxidation from cyclohexene and ozone. Structurally similar but larger ELVOC (extremely low volatility organic compound) products formed from autoxidation of monoterpenes are believed to play a major role in the formation and early growth of atmospheric aerosol particles. Utilizing density functional theory geometries, with a DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-QZVPP single point energy correction, the stepwise Gibbs free energies of formation have been calculated, and the stabilities of the molecular clusters have been evaluated. C6H8O7 interacts weakly with both itself and sulfuric acid, with standard free energies of formation (ΔG at 298 K and 1 atm) around or above 0 kcal/mol. This is due to the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the peroxyacid groups of C6H8O7. These stabilize the isolated molecule with respect to its clusters, and lead to unfavorable interaction energies. The addition of sulfuric acid to clusters containing C6H8O7 is somewhat more favorable, but the formed clusters are still far more likely to evaporate than to grow further in atmospheric conditions. These findings indicate that the O/C ratio cannot exclusively be used as a proxy for volatility in atmospheric new particle formation involving organic compounds. The specific molecular structure, and especially the number of strong hydrogen binding moieties, are equally important. The interaction between the C6H8O7 compound and aqueous phase sulfate ions indicates that ELVOC-type compounds can contribute to aerosol mass by effectively partitioning into the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Myllys
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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