1
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Tang B, Li Z. Reaction between a NO 2 Dimer and Dissolved SO 2: A New Mechanism for ONSO 3- Formation and its Fate in Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8468-8475. [PMID: 34543016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental observations indicate that sulfate formation in aerosol is sensitive to the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO2). While it also widely exists as a dimer in the gas phase, previous studies focus on the monomer of NO2. In this study, we employ quantum chemical calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the reaction between the NO2 dimer (ONONO2) and sulfite (HSO3-/SO32-) in the gas phase and in an aerosol. Gas-phase reactions turn out to be barrierless. In an aerosol, the reaction between adsorbed ONONO2 and HSO3- to form ONSO3- follows a stepwise mechanism with proton and electron transfer processes. The reaction between ONONO2 and SO32- is more straightforward. Nevertheless, both reactions occur at a picosecond time scale. Decomposition of ONSO3- can form an NO molecule and SO3-, which gives a complementary pathway for sulfate formation in an aerosol. Hydrolysis of ONSO3- to form HNO and HSO4- is highly impossible in an aerosol, which calls for a revisit of the atmospheric N2O formation mechanism. The results presented in this study deepen our understanding of the interaction between NO2 and SO2 pollutants in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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2
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Ma X, Zhao X, Wei Y, Wang W, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang W. Effect of multifunctional compound monoethanolamine on Criegee intermediates reactions and its atmospheric implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136812. [PMID: 32041039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of Criegee intermediates with trace gases (such as alcohols, amines, and acids) are primarily dependent on the trace gases' functional group activity. In this study, we used density functional theory calculations and ab initio dynamics simulation methods to explore the synergistic effect of NH2 and OH groups, in the multifunctional compound monoethanolamine (MEA), on the Criegee reaction. The results showed that among the four evaluated MEA configurations, two functional groups in the g'Gg' and tGg' configurations, -NH2 and -OH, have the synergistic effect on the C2 stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs). At the gas-liquid interface, sCIs react with NH2 groups of MEA molecules directly or are mediated by water molecules, resulting in additional product formation. The rate calculation indicated that the reaction of sCIs with NH2 groups of MEA molecules is prior to that with OH groups. In addition, OH groups promote the reactions between sCIs and NH2 groups of MEA, while the presence of NH2 groups weakens the reactions of sCIs and OH groups of MEA to some extent. At 298 K, the total rate constant of anti-CH3CHOO with NH2 group of MEA is 4.26 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of anti-CH3CHOO hydration. Under low humidity conditions, the reactions between sCIs and MEA could contribute to the removal of sCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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3
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Karimova N, McCaslin LM, Gerber RB. Ion reactions in atmospherically-relevant clusters: mechanisms, dynamics and spectroscopic signatures. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:342-360. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exploring models of reactions of N2O4 with ions in water in order to provide molecular-level understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura M. McCaslin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Fritz Haber Research Center
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
- Institute of Chemistry
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4
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Fárník M, Lengyel J. Mass spectrometry of aerosol particle analogues in molecular beam experiments. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:630-651. [PMID: 29178389 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-size particles such as ultrafine aerosol particles, ice nanoparticles, water nanodroplets, etc, play an important, however, not yet fully understood role in the atmospheric chemistry and physics. These species are often composed of water with admixture of other atmospherically relevant molecules. To mimic and investigate such particles in laboratory experiments, mixed water clusters with atmospherically relevant molecules can be generated in molecular beams and studied by various mass spectrometric methods. The present review demonstrates that such experiments can provide unprecedented details of reaction mechanisms, and detailed insight into the photon-, electron-, and ion-induced processes relevant to the atmospheric chemistry. After a brief outline of the molecular beam preparation, cluster properties, and ionization methods, we focus on the mixed clusters with various atmospheric molecules, such as hydrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid clusters, Nx Oy and halogen-containing molecules with water. A special attention is paid to their reactivity and solvent effects of water molecules on the observed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Li Y, Ning P, Peng J, Zhu T, Bao S, Jin X, Zhang X, Zhou L, Tang L. The crucial role of water clusters (H 2 O) n (n = 0–5) on the catalytic oxidation of AsH 3 : An accurate theoretical investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Salta Z, Papayannis DK, Kosmas AM. Computational study of the hydrogen bonding interactions in the [CH 2 XNO 2 ·H 2 O] clusters (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Introductory lecture: atmospheric chemistry in the Anthropocene. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:11-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The term “Anthropocene” was coined by Professor Paul Crutzen in 2000 to describe an unprecedented era in which anthropogenic activities are impacting planet Earth on a global scale. Greatly increased emissions into the atmosphere, reflecting the advent of the Industrial Revolution, have caused significant changes in both the lower and upper atmosphere. Atmospheric reactions of the anthropogenic emissions and of those with biogenic compounds have significant impacts on human health, visibility, climate and weather. Two activities that have had particularly large impacts on the troposphere are fossil fuel combustion and agriculture, both associated with a burgeoning population. Emissions are also changing due to alterations in land use. This paper describes some of the tropospheric chemistry associated with the Anthropocene, with emphasis on areas having large uncertainties. These include heterogeneous chemistry such as those of oxides of nitrogen and the neonicotinoid pesticides, reactions at liquid interfaces, organic oxidations and particle formation, the role of sulfur compounds in the Anthropocene and biogenic–anthropogenic interactions. A clear and quantitative understanding of the connections between emissions, reactions, deposition and atmospheric composition is central to developing appropriate cost-effective strategies for minimizing the impacts of anthropogenic activities. The evolving nature of emissions in the Anthropocene places atmospheric chemistry at the fulcrum of determining human health and welfare in the future.
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8
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He CF, Wang X, Sun YQ, Pan XM, Tao FM. Theoretical Study of the Gaseous Hydrolysis of NO2 in the Presence of Amines. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:226-237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang He
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qiu Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ming Tao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, United States
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9
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Papayannis DK, Kosmas AM. The catalytic role of the water or acidic zeolite in the oxidation of BrCH 2 OH. A theoretical study. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Valadbeigi Y. DFT study on the mechanism of trimolecular radical reactions: isomerisation in small clusters. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1202457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Kang L, Wang N, Wang M, Sun X, Wang W. Adsorption and transformation mechanism of NO2 on NaCl(100) surface: A density functional theory study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 524-525:195-200. [PMID: 25909266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the heterogeneous reactions between NO2 and sea salt particles in the atmosphere of coastal areas, the absorption of an NO2 molecule on the NaCl(100) surface, the dimerization of NO2 molecules and the hydrolysis of N2O4 isomers at the (100) surface of NaCl are investigated by density functional theory. Calculated results show that the most favorable adsorption geometry of isolated NO2 molecule is found to reside at the bridge site (II-1) with the adsorption energy of -14.85 kcal/mol. At the surface of NaCl(100), three closed-shell dimers can be identified as sym-O2N-NO2, cis-ONO-NO2 and trans-ONO-NO2. The reactions of H2O with sym-O2N-NO2 on the (100) surface of NaCl are difficult to occur because of the high barrier (33.79 kcal/mol), whereas, the reactions of H2O with cis-ONONO2 and trans-ONONO2 play the key role in the hydrolysis process. The product, HONO, is one of the main atmospheric sources of OH radicals which drive the chemistry of the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Lingyan Kang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Mandi Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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12
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Gerber RB, Varner ME, Hammerich AD, Riikonen S, Murdachaew G, Shemesh D, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Computational studies of atmospherically-relevant chemical reactions in water clusters and on liquid water and ice surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:399-406. [PMID: 25647299 DOI: 10.1021/ar500431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Reactions on water and ice surfaces and in other aqueous media are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, but the microscopic mechanisms of most of these processes are as yet unknown. This Account examines recent progress in atomistic simulations of such reactions and the insights provided into mechanisms and interpretation of experiments. Illustrative examples are discussed. The main computational approaches employed are classical trajectory simulations using interaction potentials derived from quantum chemical methods. This comprises both ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and semiempirical molecular dynamics (SEMD), the latter referring to semiempirical quantum chemical methods. Presented examples are as follows: (i) Reaction of the (NO(+))(NO3(-)) ion pair with a water cluster to produce the atmospherically important HONO and HNO3. The simulations show that a cluster with four water molecules describes the reaction. This provides a hydrogen-bonding network supporting the transition state. The reaction is triggered by thermal structural fluctuations, and ultrafast changes in atomic partial charges play a key role. This is an example where a reaction in a small cluster can provide a model for a corresponding bulk process. The results support the proposed mechanism for production of HONO by hydrolysis of NO2 (N2O4). (ii) The reactions of gaseous HCl with N2O4 and N2O5 on liquid water surfaces. Ionization of HCl at the water/air interface is followed by nucleophilic attack of Cl(-) on N2O4 or N2O5. Both reactions proceed by an SN2 mechanism. The products are ClNO and ClNO2, precursors of atmospheric atomic chlorine. Because this mechanism cannot result from a cluster too small for HCl ionization, an extended water film model was simulated. The results explain ClNO formation experiments. Predicted ClNO2 formation is less efficient. (iii) Ionization of acids at ice surfaces. No ionization is found on ideal crystalline surfaces, but the process is efficient on isolated defects where it involves formation of H3O(+)-acid anion contact ion pairs. This behavior is found in simulations of a model of the ice quasi-liquid layer corresponding to large defect concentrations in crystalline ice. The results are in accord with experiments. (iv) Ionization of acids on wet quartz. A monolayer of water on hydroxylated silica is ordered even at room temperature, but the surface lattice constant differs significantly from that of crystalline ice. The ionization processes of HCl and H2SO4 are of high yield and occur in a few picoseconds. The results are in accord with experimental spectroscopy. (v) Photochemical reactions on water and ice. These simulations require excited state quantum chemical methods. The electronic absorption spectrum of methyl hydroperoxide adsorbed on a large ice cluster is strongly blue-shifted relative to the isolated molecule. The measured and calculated adsorption band low-frequency tails are in agreement. A simple model of photodynamics assumes prompt electronic relaxation of the excited peroxide due to the ice surface. SEMD simulations support this, with the important finding that the photochemistry takes place mainly on the ground state. In conclusion, dynamics simulations using quantum chemical potentials are a useful tool in atmospheric chemistry of water media, capable of comparison with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Benny Gerber
- Institute
of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mychel E. Varner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Audrey D. Hammerich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sampsa Riikonen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Garold Murdachaew
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dorit Shemesh
- Institute
of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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13
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Hammerich AD, Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Gerber RB. Mechanism for formation of atmospheric Cl atom precursors in the reaction of dinitrogen oxides with HCl/Cl− on aqueous films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19360-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02664d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation of atmospheric chlorine atom precursors ClNO2 and ClNO in the reaction of HCl with oxides of nitrogen on a water film: left – formation of N–Cl bond as N–O bond breaks; right – concurrent changes in Mulliken charges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California Irvine
- Irvine
- USA
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center
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14
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Varner ME, Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Benny Gerber R. Reaction of a charge-separated ONONO2 species with water in the formation of HONO: an MP2 Molecular Dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4483-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Gerber RB, Shemesh D, Varner ME, Kalinowski J, Hirshberg B. Ab initio and semi-empirical Molecular Dynamics simulations of chemical reactions in isolated molecules and in clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9760-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in “on-the-fly” trajectory simulations of molecular reactions, using different electronic structure methods is discussed, with analysis of the insights that such calculations can provide and of the strengths and limitations of the algorithms available.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
| | - D. Shemesh
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - M. E. Varner
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine 92697, USA
| | - J. Kalinowski
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- , Finland
| | - B. Hirshberg
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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16
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Kosmas AM, Papayannis DK, Tsiaras E. A computational study of the water-catalyzed reaction of chlonitromethane with the OH radical. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Riikonen S, Parkkinen P, Halonen L, Gerber RB. Ionization of Nitric Acid on Crystalline Ice: The Role of Defects and Collective Proton Movement. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1850-1855. [PMID: 26283120 DOI: 10.1021/jz400531q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of nitric acid (HNO3) on a model ice surface is studied using ab initio molecular dynamics at temperatures of 200 and 40 K with a surface slab model that consists of the ideal ice basal plane with locally optimized and annealed defects. Pico- and subpicosecond ionization of nitric acid can be achieved in the defect sites. Key features of the rapid ionization are (a) the efficient solvation of the polyatomic nitrate anion, by stealing hydrogen bonds from the weakened hydrogen bonds at defect sites, (b) formation of contact ion pairs to stable "presolvated" molecular species that are present at the defects,
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riikonen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Parkkinen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Halonen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R B Gerber
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- ‡Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
- §Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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18
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Long B, Tan XF, Chang CR, Zhao WX, Long ZW, Ren DS, Zhang WJ. Theoretical Studies on Gas-Phase Reactions of Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde with Sulfuric Acid and H2SO4···H2O Complex. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5106-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312844z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric
Composition and Optical Radiation, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine
Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- College
of Information Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xing-Feng Tan
- College
of Information Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun-Ran Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry,
Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Long
- Laboratory for Photoelectric Technology
and Application, College of Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Da-Sen Ren
- College
of Information Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric
Composition and Optical Radiation, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine
Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry,
Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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19
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Kebede MA, Varner ME, Scharko NK, Gerber RB, Raff JD. Photooxidation of ammonia on TiO2 as a source of NO and NO2 under atmospheric conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8606-15. [PMID: 23721064 DOI: 10.1021/ja401846x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is the most abundant reduced nitrogen species in the atmosphere and an important precursor in the industrial-scale production of nitric acid. A coated-wall flow tube coupled to a chemiluminescence NOx analyzer was used to study the kinetics of NH3 uptake and NOx formation from photochemistry initiated on irradiated (λ > 290 nm) TiO2 surfaces under atmospherically relevant conditions. The speciation of NH3 on TiO2 surfaces in the presence of surface-adsorbed water was determined using diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The uptake kinetics exhibit an inverse dependence on NH3 concentration as expected for reactions proceeding via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The mechanism of NOx formation is shown to be humidity dependent: Water-catalyzed reactions promote NOx formation up to a relative humidity of 50%. Less NOx is formed above 50%, where increasing amounts of adsorbed water may hinder access to reactive sites, promote formation of unreactive NH4(+), and reduce oxidant levels due to higher OH radical recombination rates. A theoretical study of the reaction between the NH2 photoproduct and O2 in the presence of H2O supports the experimental conclusion that NOx formation is catalyzed by water. Calculations at the MP2 and CCSD(T) level on the bare NH2 + O2 reaction and the reaction of NH2 + O2 in small water clusters were carried out. Solvation of NH2OO and NHOOH intermediates likely facilitates isomerization via proton transfer along water wires, such that the steps leading ultimately to NO are exothermic. These results show that photooxidation of low levels of NH3 on TiO2 surfaces represents a source of atmospheric NOx, which is a precursor to ozone. The proposed mechanism may be broadly applicable to dissociative chemisorption of NH3 on other metal oxide surfaces encountered in rural and urban environments and employed in pollution control applications (selective catalytic oxidation/reduction) and during some industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulu A Kebede
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-2204, USA
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20
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Colussi AJ, Enami S, Yabushita A, Hoffmann MR, Liu WG, Mishra H, Goddard, III WA. Tropospheric aerosol as a reactive intermediate. Faraday Discuss 2013; 165:407-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Hammerich AD, Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Gerber RB. NOx Reactions on Aqueous Surfaces with Gaseous HCl: Formation of a Potential Precursor to Atmospheric Cl Atoms. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3405-3410. [PMID: 26290963 DOI: 10.1021/jz3014985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine atoms are highly reactive free radicals known to catalyze ozone depletion in the stratosphere and organic oxidation in the troposphere. They are readily produced photolytically upon irradiation of some stable Cl containing species, for instance, nitrosyl chloride, ClNO. We predict the formation of ClNO using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations of an NO2 dimer on the surface of a thin film of water upon which gaseous HCl impinges. The reactant is chloride ion formed when HCl ionizes on the water film. The same mechanism for ClNO production may occur in humid environments when ONONO2 (the asymmetric NO2 dimer examined here) comes in contact with either HCl or sea salt. The film of water serves to (1) stabilize ONONO2 on the film surface so that it is localized and physically accessible for reaction, (2) provide the medium to ionize HCl, and (3) activate ONONO2 making it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack by chloride. This substitution/elimination mechanism is new for NOx chemistry on thin water films and could not be derived from studies on small clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dell Hammerich
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | | | - R Benny Gerber
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- §Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
- ∥Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Liu WG, Goddard WA. First-Principles Study of the Role of Interconversion Between NO2, N2O4, cis-ONO-NO2, and trans-ONO-NO2 in Chemical Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12970-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation
Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
91125, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation
Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
91125, United States
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24
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Theoretical study on the gas phase reaction of dimethyl sulfoxide with atomic chlorine in the presence of water. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Shemesh D, Gerber RB. Femtosecond timescale deactivation of electronically excited peroxides at ice surfaces. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.666279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Buszek RJ, Barker JR, Francisco JS. Water Effect on the OH + HCl Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:4712-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3025107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Buszek
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
| | - John R. Barker
- Department
of Atmospheric, Oceanic
and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
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27
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Kalinowski J, Räsänen M, Gerber RB. Mechanism and electronic transition in the reaction: On the fly dynamics simulations with multi-reference potentials. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Kramer ZC, Takahashi K, Vaida V, Skodje RT. Will water act as a photocatalyst for cluster phase chemical reactions? Vibrational overtone-induced dehydration reaction of methanediol. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4704767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Time-Resolved Infrared Absorption Studies of the Solvent-Dependent Photochemistry of ClNO. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10437-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211697r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington
98195, United States
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington
98195, United States
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30
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Abstract
Unique among small molecules, water forms a nearly tetrahedral yet flexible hydrogen-bond network. In addition to its flexibility, this network is dynamic: bonds are formed or broken on a picosecond time scale. These unique features make probing the local structure of water challenging. Despite the challenges, there is intense interest in developing a picture of the local water structure due to water's fundamental importance in many fields of chemistry. Understanding changes in the local network structure of water near solutes likely holds the key to unlock problems from analyzing parameters that determine the three dimensional structure of proteins to modeling the fate of volatile materials released into the atmosphere. Pictures of the local structure of water are heavily influenced by what is known about the structure of ice. In hexagonal I(h) ice, the most stable form of solid water under ordinary conditions, water has an equal number of donor and acceptor bonds; a kind of symmetry. This symmetric tetrahedral coordination is only approximately preserved in the liquid. The most obvious manifestation of this altered tetrahedral bonding is the greater density in the liquid compared with the solid. Formation of an interface or addition of solutes further modifies the local bonding in water. Because the O-H stretching frequency is sensitive to the environment, vibrational spectroscopy provides an excellent probe for the hydrogen-bond structure in water. In this Account, we examine both local interactions between water and small solutes and longer range interactions at the aqueous surface. Locally, the results suggest that water is not a symmetric donor or acceptor, but rather has a propensity to act as an acceptor. In interactions with hydrocarbons, action is centered at the water oxygen. For soluble inorganic salts, interaction is greater with the cation than the anion. The vibrational spectrum of the surface of salt solutions is altered compared with that of neat water. Studies of local salt-water interactions suggest that the picture of the local water structure and the ion distribution at the surface deduced from the surface vibrational spectrum should encompass both ions of the salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Shultz
- Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Building, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Tuan Hoang Vu
- Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Building, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Bryce Meyer
- Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Building, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Patrick Bisson
- Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Building, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Liessmann M, Miller Y, Gerber B, Abel B. Reaction of OH and NO at Low Temperatures in the Presence of Water: the Role of Clusters. Z PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2011.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There has been a lot of speculation about the role of water in gas phase reactions involving neutrals, radicals and ions. The reaction of NO and OH has attracted a lot of attention in the past due to its relevance for ozone chemistry in the atmosphere. In the present contribution we report low temperature measurements of the recombination of OH and NO at low temperatures in Laval nozzle expansions between 300 K and 60 K. We find an increase of the bimolecular rate constant in the presence of water of up to 40%. This effect has been attributed to water molecules acting either as an efficient collider releasing energy from the intermediate (in collisions) or – which is more likely for the present experimental conditions – as a cluster partner of the reaction intermediate HONO that also dissipates energy via cluster dissociation, which can in turn both stabilize the reaction intermediate, decrease back reaction to OH and NO, and enh ance finally the overall reaction to the products. The supersaturation of water vapor in the cold Laval nozzle expansion strongly favors the formation of clusters in the nozzle throat; their exact concentration is, however, difficult to estimate due to non-equilibrium conditions. The possible role of clusters in the recombination of OH and NO is investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Beyond the reaction intermediate HONO and intramolecular proton transfer events also transient HOON was observed in the theoretical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liessmann
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Yifat Miller
- Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Department of Chemistry, Be er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Benny Gerber
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Chemistry, Jerusalem, Israel
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33
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Tachikawa H. Ionization dynamics of a water dimer: specific reaction selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11206-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02861d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Kramer ZC, Takahashi K, Skodje RT. Water Catalysis and Anticatalysis in Photochemical Reactions: Observation of a Delayed Threshold Effect in the Reaction Quantum Yield. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:15154-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107335t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeb C. Kramer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Key State Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China
| | - Kaito Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Key State Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China
| | - Rex T. Skodje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Key State Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China
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