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Link MF, Li J, Ditto JC, Huynh H, Yu J, Zimmerman SM, Rediger KL, Shore A, Abbatt JPD, Garofalo LA, Farmer DK, Poppendieck D. Ventilation in a Residential Building Brings Outdoor NO x Indoors with Limited Implications for VOC Oxidation from NO 3 Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16446-16455. [PMID: 37856830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Energy-efficient residential building standards require the use of mechanical ventilation systems that replace indoor air with outdoor air. Transient outdoor pollution events can be transported indoors via the mechanical ventilation system and other outdoor air entry pathways and impact indoor air chemistry. In the spring of 2022, we observed elevated levels of NOx (NO + NO2) that originated outdoors, entering the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility through the mechanical ventilation system. Using measurements of NOx, ozone (O3), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we modeled the effect of the outdoor-to-indoor ventilation of NOx pollution on the production of nitrate radical (NO3), a potentially important indoor oxidant. We evaluated how VOC oxidation chemistry was affected by NO3 during NOx pollution events compared to background conditions. We found that nitric oxide (NO) pollution introduced indoors titrated O3 and inhibited the modeled production of NO3. NO ventilated indoors also likely ceased most gas-phase VOC oxidation chemistry during plume events. Only through the artificial introduction of O3 to the ventilation duct during a NOx pollution event (i.e., when O3 and NO2 concentrations were high relative to typical conditions) were we able to measure NO3-initiated VOC oxidation products, indicating that NO3 was impacting VOC oxidation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Link
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg 20899, Maryland, United States
| | - Jienan Li
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Jenna C Ditto
- University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario,Canada
| | - Han Huynh
- University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario,Canada
| | - Jie Yu
- University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario,Canada
| | - Stephen M Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg 20899, Maryland, United States
| | - Katelyn L Rediger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Andrew Shore
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg 20899, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Lauren A Garofalo
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Dustin Poppendieck
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg 20899, Maryland, United States
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2
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Moravek A, VandenBoer TC, Finewax Z, Pagonis D, Nault BA, Brown WL, Day DA, Handschy AV, Stark H, Ziemann P, Jimenez JL, de Gouw JA, Young CJ. Reactive Chlorine Emissions from Cleaning and Reactive Nitrogen Chemistry in an Indoor Athletic Facility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15408-15416. [PMID: 36326040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Indoor gas-phase radical sources are poorly understood but expected to be much different from outdoors. Several potential radical sources were measured in a windowless, light-emitting diode (LED)-lit room in a college athletic facility over a 2 week period. Alternating measurements between the room air and the supply air of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system allowed an assessment of sources. Use of a chlorine-based cleaner was a source of several photolabile reactive chlorine compounds, including ClNO2 and Cl2. During cleaning events, photolysis rates for these two compounds were up to 0.0023 pptv min-1, acting as a source of chlorine atoms even in this low-light indoor environment. Unrelated to cleaning events, elevated ClNO2 was often observed during daytime and lost to ventilation. The nitrate radical (NO3), which is rapidly photolyzed outdoors during daytime, may persist in low-light indoor environments. With negligible photolysis, loss rates of NO3 indoors were dominated by bimolecular reactions. At times with high NO2 and O3 ventilated from outdoors, N2O5 was observed. Elevated ClNO2 measured concurrently suggests the formation through heterogeneous reactions, acting as an additional source of reactive chlorine within the athletic facility and outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Moravek
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, OntarioM3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Zachary Finewax
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Demetrios Pagonis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Benjamin A Nault
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Wyatt L Brown
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Anne V Handschy
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Harald Stark
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts01821, United States
| | - Paul Ziemann
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Joost A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Cora J Young
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, OntarioM3J 1P3, Canada
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Comparison of the RADM2 and RACM chemical mechanisms in O 3 simulations: effect of the photolysis rate constant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5024. [PMID: 33658633 PMCID: PMC7930097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the photolysis rate plays an important role in any photoreaction leading to compound sink and radical formation/destruction and eventually O3 formation, its impact on the simulated O3 concentration was evaluated in the present study. Both RADM2 and RACM were adopted with and without updated photolysis rate constants. The newly developed photolysis rates were determined based on two major absorption cross-section and quantum yield data sources. CMAQ in conjunction with meteorological MM5 and emission data retrieved from Taiwan and East Asia were employed to provide spatial and temporal O3 predictions over a one-week period in a three-level nested domain [from 81 km × 81 km in Domain 1 (East Asia) to 9 km × 9 km in Domain 3 (Taiwan)]. Four cases were analyzed, namely, RADM2, with the original photolysis rates applied in Case 1 as a reference case, RADM2, with the updated photolysis rates applied in Case 2, and RACM, with and without the updated photolysis rates applied in Cases 3 and 4, respectively. A comparison of the simulation and observed results indicates that both the application of updated photolysis rate constants and RACM instead of RADM2 enhanced all three error analysis indicators (unpaired peak prediction accuracy, mean normalized bias error and mean absolute normalized gross error). Specifically, RADM2 with the updated photolysis rates resulted in an increase of 12 ppb (10%) in the daily maximum O3 concentration in southwestern Taiwan, while RACM without the updated photolysis rates resulted in an increase of 20 ppb (17%) in the daily maximum O3 concentration in the same area. When RACM with the updated photolysis rate constants was applied in the air quality model, the difference in the daily maximum O3 concentration reached up to 30 ppb (25%). The implication of Case 4 (RACM with the updated photolysis rates) for the formation and degradation of α-pinene and d-limonene was examined.
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Abstract
Roaming reactions were first clearly identified in photodissociation of formaldehyde 15 years ago, and roaming dynamics are now recognized as a universal aspect of chemical reactivity. These reactions typically involve frustrated near-dissociation of a quasibound system to radical fragments, followed by reorientation at long range and intramolecular abstraction. The consequences can be unexpected formation of molecular products, depletion of the radical pool in chemical systems, and formation of products with unusual internal state distributions. In this review, I examine some current aspects of roaming reactions with an emphasis on experimental results, focusing on possible quantum effects in roaming and roaming dynamics in bimolecular systems. These considerations lead to a more inclusive definition of roaming reactions as those for which key dynamics take place at long range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Brown SS, An H, Lee M, Park JH, Lee SD, Fibiger DL, McDuffie EE, Dubé WP, Wagner NL, Min KE. Cavity enhanced spectroscopy for measurement of nitrogen oxides in the Anthropocene: results from the Seoul tower during MAPS 2015. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:529-557. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cavity enhanced spectroscopy, CES, is a high sensitivity direct absorption method that has seen increasing utility in the last decade, a period also marked by increasing requirements for understanding human impacts on atmospheric composition. This paper describes the current NOAA six channel cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS, the most common form of CES) for measurement of nitrogen oxides and O3. It further describes the results from measurements from a tower 300 m above the urban area of Seoul in late spring of 2015. The campaign demonstrates the performance of the CRDS instrument and provides new data on both photochemistry and nighttime chemistry in a major Asian megacity. The instrument provided accurate, high time resolution data for N2O5, NO, NO2, NOyand O3, but suffered from large wall loss in the sampling of NO3, illustrating the requirement for calibration of the NO3inlet transmission. Both the photochemistry and nighttime chemistry of nitrogen oxides and O3were rapid in this megacity. Sustained average rates of O3buildup of 10 ppbv h−1during recurring morning and early afternoon sea breezes led to a 50 ppbv average daily O3rise. Nitrate radical production rates,P(NO3), averaged 3–4 ppbv h−1in late afternoon and early evening, much greater than contemporary data from Los Angeles, a comparable U. S. megacity. TheseP(NO3) were much smaller than historical data from Los Angeles, however. Nighttime data at 300 m above ground showed considerable variability in high time resolution nitrogen oxide and O3, likely resulting from sampling within gradients in the nighttime boundary layer structure. Apparent nighttime biogenic VOC oxidation rates of several ppbv h−1were also likely influenced by vertical gradients. Finally, daytime N2O5mixing ratios of 3–35 pptv were associated with rapid daytimeP(NO3) and agreed well with a photochemical steady state calculation.
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7
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Ng NL, Brown SS, Archibald AT, Atlas E, Cohen RC, Crowley JN, Day DA, Donahue NM, Fry JL, Fuchs H, Griffin RJ, Guzman MI, Herrmann H, Hodzic A, Iinuma Y, Jimenez JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Lee BH, Luecken DJ, Mao J, McLaren R, Mutzel A, Osthoff HD, Ouyang B, Picquet-Varrault B, Platt U, Pye HOT, Rudich Y, Schwantes RH, Shiraiwa M, Stutz J, Thornton JA, Tilgner A, Williams BJ, Zaveri RA. Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:2103-2162. [PMID: 30147712 PMCID: PMC6104845 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO3-BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO3-BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John N. Crowley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah J. Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert McLaren
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans D. Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicte Picquet-Varrault
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA), CNRS, Universities of Paris-Est Créteil and ì Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Platt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rebecca H. Schwantes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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8
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Fernando R, Dey A, Broderick BM, Fu B, Homayoon Z, Bowman JM, Suits AG. Visible/Infrared Dissociation of NO3: Roaming in the Dark or Roaming on the Ground? J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:7163-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravin Fernando
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Arghya Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Bernadette M. Broderick
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Bina Fu
- State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zahra Homayoon
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Arthur G. Suits
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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9
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Vaida V, Donaldson DJ. Red-light initiated atmospheric reactions of vibrationally excited molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:827-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53543f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Andrews DU, Kable SH, Jordan MJT. A Phase Space Theory for Roaming Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7631-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405582z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott H. Kable
- School of
Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006,
Australia
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11
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Fu B, Zhang DH, Bowman JM. Quasiclassical trajectory studies of 18O(3P) + NO2 isotope exchange and reaction to O2 + NO on D0 and D1 potentials. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:024303. [PMID: 23862939 DOI: 10.1063/1.4812802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the bimolecular reaction (18)O((3)P) + NO2 on the recent potential energy surfaces of the ground (D0) and first excited (D1) states of NO3 [B. Fu, J. M. Bowman, H. Xiao, S. Maeda, and K. Morokuma, J. Chem. Theory. Comput. 9, 893 (2013)]. The branching ratio of isotope exchange versus O2 + NO formation, as well as the product angular distributions and energy and rovibrational state distributions are presented. The calculations are done at the collision energy of relevance to recent crossed beam experiments [K. A. Mar, A. L. Van Wyngarden, C.-W. Liang, Y. T. Lee, J. J. Lin, and K. A. Boering, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 044302 (2012)]. Very good agreement is achieved between the current calculations and these experiments for the branching ratio and final translational energy and angular distributions of isotope exchange products (16)O((3)P) + NO2 and O2 + NO formation products. The reactant (18)O atom results in (18)O(16)O but not N(18)O for the O2 + NO formation product channel, consistent with the experiment. In addition, the detailed vibrational and rotational state information of diatomic molecules calculated currently for the (34)O2 + NO formation channel on D0 and D1 states are in qualitative agreement with the previous experimental and theoretical results of the photodissociation of NO3 and are consistent with older thermal bimolecular kinetics measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Mar KA, Van Wyngarden AL, Liang CW, Lee YT, Lin JJ, Boering KA. A crossed beam study of 18O( 3P)+NO 2 and 18O( 1D)+NO 2: Isotope exchange and O 2+NO formation channels. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:044302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4736567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Xiao H, Maeda S, Morokuma K. Global ab Initio Potential Energy Surfaces for Low-Lying Doublet States of NO3. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:2600-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ct3004035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xiao
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental
Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano
Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo,
060-0810, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental
Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano
Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- Cherry L.
Emerson Center for Scientific
Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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14
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15
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Grubb MP, Warter ML, North SW. Stereodynamics of multistate roaming. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6733-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Zhao Z, Husainy S, Smith GD. Kinetics Studies of the Gas-Phase Reactions of NO3 Radicals with Series of 1-Alkenes, Dienes, Cycloalkenes, Alkenols, and Alkenals. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12161-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206899w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Samir Husainy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geoffrey D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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17
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Grubb MP, Warter ML, Johnson KM, North SW. Ion Imaging Study of NO3 Radical Photodissociation Dynamics: Characterization of Multiple Reaction Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3218-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Grubb
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Michelle L. Warter
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kurt M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Simon W. North
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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18
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Pinho PG, Lemos LT, Pio CA, Evtyugina MG, Nunes TV, Jenkin ME. Detailed chemical analysis of regional-scale air pollution in western Portugal using an adapted version of MCM v3.1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2024-2038. [PMID: 19101710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A version of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) v3.1, refined on the basis of recent chamber evaluations, has been incorporated into a Photochemical Trajectory Model (PTM) and applied to the simulation of boundary layer photochemistry in the Portuguese west coast region. Comparison of modelled concentrations of ozone and a number of other species (NO(x) and selected hydrocarbons and organic oxygenates) was carried out, using data from three connected sites on two case study days when well-defined sea breeze conditions were established. The ozone concentrations obtained through the application of the PTM are a good approximation to the measured values, the average difference being ca. 15%, indicating that the model was acceptable for evaluation of the details of the chemical processing. The detailed chemistry is examined, allowing conclusions to be drawn concerning chemical interferences in the measurements of NO(2), and in relation to the sensitivity of ozone formation to changes in ambient temperature. Three important, and comparable, contributions to the temperature sensitivity are identified and quantified, namely (i) an effect of increasing biogenic emissions with temperature; (ii) an effect of increasing ambient water vapour concentration with temperature, and its influence on radical production; and (iii) an increase in VOC oxidation chain lengths resulting from the temperature-dependence of the kinetic parameters, particularly in relation to the stability of PAN and its higher analogues. The sensitivity of the simulations to the refinements implemented into MCM v3.1 are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Pinho
- Department of Environment, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal.
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19
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Jacox ME, Thompson WE. The infrared spectroscopy and photochemistry of NO3 trapped in solid neon. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:204306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Towards a higher-order description of Jahn–Teller coupling effects in molecular spectroscopy: The state of NO3. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Effects of multimode Jahn-Teller coupling on the photodetachment spectrum of nitrate anion ( NO3-). Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Stark H, Lerner BM, Schmitt R, Jakoubek R, Williams EJ, Ryerson TB, Sueper DT, Parrish DD, Fehsenfeld FC. Atmospheric in situ measurement of nitrate radical (NO3
) and other photolysis rates using spectroradiometry and filter radiometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Stark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - R. Jakoubek
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. J. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. T. Sueper
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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23
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Osthoff HD, Sommariva R, Baynard T, Pettersson A, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Roberts JM, Stark H, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Bates TS, Coffman D, Ravishankara AR, Brown SS. Observation of daytime N2
O5
in the marine boundary layer during New England Air Quality Study-Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans D. Osthoff
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Roberto Sommariva
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Tahllee Baynard
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Anders Pettersson
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric J. Williams
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian M. Lerner
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Harald Stark
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul D. Goldan
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William C. Kuster
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Timothy S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Derek Coffman
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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24
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Brown SS, Osthoff HD, Stark H, Dubé WP, Ryerson TB, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Wollny AG, Parrish DD, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara A. Aircraft observations of daytime NO3 and N2O5 and their implications for tropospheric chemistry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Flowers BA, Angerhofer ME, Simpson WR, Nakayama T, Matsumi Y. Nitrate Radical Quantum Yield from Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Photolysis. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2552-8. [PMID: 16833558 DOI: 10.1021/jp045529n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) is a ubiquitous pollutant that is primarily destroyed by either thermal or photochemical mechanisms. We have investigated the photochemical destruction of PAN using a combination of laser pulsed photolysis and cavity ring-down spectroscopic detection of the NO3 photoproduct. We find that the nitrate radical quantum yield from the 289 nm photolysis of PAN is Phi(NO3)PAN = 0.31 +/- 0.08 (+/-2 sigma). The quantum yield is determined relative to that of dinitrogen pentoxide, which is assumed to be unity, under identical experimental conditions. The instrument design and experimental procedure are discussed as well as auxiliary experiments performed to further characterize the performance of the optical cavity and photolysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, USA
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26
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Wood EC, Wooldridge PJ, Freese JH, Albrecht T, Cohen RC. Prototype for in situ detection of atmospheric NO3 and N2O5 via laser-induced fluorescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:5732-5738. [PMID: 14717187 DOI: 10.1021/es034507w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe a prototype designed for in situ detection of the nitrate radical (NO3) by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and of N2O5 by thermal dissociation followed by LIF detection of NO3. An inexpensive 36 mW continuous wave multi-mode diode laser at 662 nm is used to excite NO3 in the B2E'(0000) <-- X2A'2(0000) band. Fluorescence is collected from 700 to 750 nm. The prototype has a sensitivity to NO3 of 76 ppt for a 60 s integration with an accuracy of 8%. Although this sensitivity is adequate for studies of N205 in many environments, it is much less sensitive (about 300 times) than expected based on a comparison of previously measured photophysical properties of NO2 and NO3. This implies much stronger nonradiative coupling of electronic states in NO3 than in NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra C Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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27
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Eisfeld W, Morokuma K. Theoretical study of the potential stability of the peroxo nitrate radical. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1594712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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28
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Brown SS, Stark H, Ryerson TB, Williams EJ, Nicks DK, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Nitrogen oxides in the nocturnal boundary layer: Simultaneous in situ measurements of NO3, N2O5, NO2, NO, and O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Sadanaga Y, Matsumoto J, Kajii Y. Photochemical reactions in the urban air: Recent understandings of radical chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(03)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Soller R, Nicovich JM, Wine PH. Bromine Nitrate Photochemistry: Quantum Yields for O, Br, and BrO Over the Wavelength Range 248−355 nm. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Soller
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - J. M. Nicovich
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - P. H. Wine
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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31
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Preliminary ab initio study of the quartet states of the complex formed between NO(X2Π) and O2(X3Σg−). Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Eisfeld W, Morokuma K. Ab initioinvestigation of the vertical and adiabatic excitation spectrum of NO3. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1370065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Smith GP, Dubey MK, Kinnison DE, Connell PS. Assessing Effects of Rate Parameter Changes on Ozone Models Using Sensitivity Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Smith
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Manvendra K. Dubey
- Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | | | - Peter S. Connell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Taniguchi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
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35
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Liao H, Yung YL, Seinfeld JH. Effects of aerosols on tropospheric photolysis rates in clear and cloudy atmospheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Makar PA, Fuentes JD, Wang D, Staebler RM, Wiebe HA. Chemical processing of biogenic hydrocarbons within and above a temperate deciduous forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Mazely TL, Friedl RR, Sander SP. Quantum Yield of NO3 from Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Photolysis. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Troy L. Mazely
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Randall R. Friedl
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Stanley P. Sander
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109
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38
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Hirota E, Ishiwata T, Kawaguchi K, Fujitake M, Ohashi N, Tanaka I. Near-infrared band of the nitrate radical NO3 observed by diode laser spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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