1
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Yamaguchi M. DFT Study on Side Chain Detachment of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers by Radical-Assisted Nucleophilic Attack of Water. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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Gulvi NR, Maliekal PJ, Mapari MG, Badani PM. Theoretical kinetic analysis and molecular dynamic simulations for exploring the dissociation pathways of CF3OH. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Becker C, Deeb AA, Teutenberg T, Jochmann MA, Schmidt TC. Determination of liquid chromatography/flame ionization detection response factors for N-heterocycles, carboxylic acids, halogenated compounds, and others. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:171-179. [PMID: 31832708 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC/FID) studies are dealing with response behavior of analytes such as alcohols and alkanes. Studies in the field of liquid chromatography (LC)/FID mainly focused on volatile analytes. In contrast, studies on LC/FID by conveyor type interface covered high molecular weight non-volatile biopolymers, whereby no response factors were calculated. With this study, we fill the gap and present response factors of volatile and non-volatile analytes by LC/FID in terms of flow injection (FIA) measurements of the single compounds without an analytical separation by an LC column. In the present study, 56 different compounds such as carboxylic acids, N-heterocycles, halogenated acids, pharmaceuticals, and other compounds were investigated. In some cases, the obtained response factor data confirmed aspects known from GC/FID studies. But this study also disproves several assumptions done in previous response studies as well as the prediction models based upon the experimental data and literature. Especially the response factors and effective carbon number (ECN) values of structural isomers such as pyrazine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine are assumed to be equal in current response prediction models. Contradictory to these assumptions, the experimental response factors and ECN values of, e.g., the structural isomers pyrazine (RFExp = 0.59; ECNExp = 3.66), pyridazine (RFExp = 0.66; ECNExp = 4.1), and pyrimidine (RFExp = 0.63; ECNExp = 3.93) reveal different experimental response factors and ECN than proposed by response factor prediction models (RFExp = 0.64; ECNExp = 4). Graphical abstract Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Becker
- BGB Analytik AG, Rohrmattstr.4, 4461, Böckten, Switzerland.,Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Ahmad A Deeb
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Thorsten Teutenberg
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V. (IUTA), Bliersheimer Str. 58 - 60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
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4
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Parandaman A, Perez JE, Sinha A. Atmospheric Decomposition of Trifluoromethanol Catalyzed by Formic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9553-9562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arathala Parandaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Josue E. Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amitabha Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Baxter AF, Schaab J, Hegge J, Saal T, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Haiges R, Christe KO. α‐Fluoroalcohols: Synthesis and Characterization of Perfluorinated Methanol, Ethanol and
n
‐Propanol, and their Oxonium Salts. Chemistry 2018; 24:16737-16742. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F. Baxter
- University of Southern California Loker Research Institute LHI 106 837 Bloom Walk Los Angeles California 90089-1661 USA
| | - Jonas Schaab
- University of Southern California Loker Research Institute LHI 106 837 Bloom Walk Los Angeles California 90089-1661 USA
| | - Joachim Hegge
- University of Southern California Loker Research Institute LHI 106 837 Bloom Walk Los Angeles California 90089-1661 USA
| | - Thomas Saal
- University of Southern California Loker Research Institute LHI 106 837 Bloom Walk Los Angeles California 90089-1661 USA
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- University of Alabama Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487 USA
| | - David A. Dixon
- University of Alabama Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487 USA
| | - Ralf Haiges
- University of Southern California Loker Research Institute LHI 106 837 Bloom Walk Los Angeles California 90089-1661 USA
| | - Karl O. Christe
- University of Southern California Loker Research Institute LHI 106 837 Bloom Walk Los Angeles California 90089-1661 USA
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6
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Ng CO, Feng H, Cheng SC, Xiao Y, Lo LTL, Ko CC. Photoredox Catalysis of Cyclometalated IrIII
Complex for the Conversion of Amines to Fluorinated Alkyl Amides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-On Ng
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Yelan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Larry Tso-Lun Lo
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
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7
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Bunkan AJC, Srinivasulu G, Amedro D, Vereecken L, Wallington TJ, Crowley JN. Products and mechanism of the OH-initiated photo-oxidation of perfluoro ethyl vinyl ether, C 2F 5OCF[double bond, length as m-dash]CF 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11306-11316. [PMID: 29637965 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The OH-initiated photo-oxidation of perfluoro ethyl vinyl ether (C2F5OCF[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2, PEVE) in air (298 K, 50 and 750 Torr total pressure) was studied in a photochemical reactor using in situ detection of PEVE and its products by Fourier transform IR absorption spectroscopy. The relative rate technique was used to derive the rate coefficient, k1, for the reaction of PEVE with OH as k1 = (2.8 ± 0.3) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The photo-oxidation of PEVE in the presence of NOx at 1 bar results in formation of C2F5OCFO, FC(O)C(O)F and CF2O in molar yields of 0.50 ± 0.07, 0.46 ± 0.07 and 1.50 ± 0.22, respectively. FC(O)C(O)F and CF2O are formed partially in secondary, most likely heterogeneous processes. At a reduced pressure of 50 Torr, the product distribution is shifted towards formation of FC(O)C(O)F, indicating the important role of collisional quenching of initially formed association complexes, and enabling details of the reaction mechanism to be elucidated. An atmospheric photo-oxidation mechanism for PEVE is presented and the environmental implications of PEVE release and degradation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J C Bunkan
- Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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8
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Rijs NJ, González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Penetrating the Elusive Mechanism of Copper-Mediated Fluoromethylation in the Presence of Oxygen through the Gas-Phase Reactivity of Well-Defined [LCuO](+) Complexes with Fluoromethanes (CH(4-n)Fn, n = 1-3). J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3125-35. [PMID: 26859159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) isomer separation was exploited to react the particularly well-defined ionic species [LCuO](+) (L = 1,10-phenanthroline) with the neutral fluoromethane substrates CH(4-n)Fn (n = 1-3) in the gas phase. Experimentally, the monofluoromethane substrate (n = 1) undergoes both hydrogen-atom transfer, forming the copper hydroxide complex [LCuOH](•+) and concomitantly a CH2F(•) radical, and oxygen-atom transfer, yielding the observable ionic product [LCu](+) plus the neutral oxidized substrate [C,H3,O,F]. DFT calculations reveal that the mechanism for both product channels relies on the initial C-H bond activation of the substrate. Compared to nonfluorinated methane, the addition of fluorine to the substrate assists the reactivity through a lowering of the C-H bond energy and reaction preorganization (through noncovalent interaction in the encounter complex). A two-state reactivity scenario is mandatory for the oxidation, which competitively results in the unusual fluoromethanol product, CH2FOH, or the decomposed products, CH2O and HF, with the latter channel being kinetically disfavored. Difluoromethane (n = 2) is predicted to undergo the analogous reactions at room temperature, although the reactions are less favored than those of monofluoromethane. The reaction of trifluoromethane (n = 3, fluoroform) through C-H activation is kinetically hindered under ambient conditions but might be expected to occur in the condensed phase upon heating or with further lowering of reaction barriers through templation with counterions, such as potassium. Overall, formation of CH(3-n)Fn(•) and CH(3-n)FnOH occurs under relatively gentle energetic conditions, which sheds light on their potential as reactive intermediates in fluoromethylation reactions mediated by copper in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Rijs
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Shi X, Zhang R, Zhang H, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang W. Influence of water on the homogeneous gas-phase formation mechanism of polyhalogenated dioxins/furans from chlorinated/brominated phenols as precursors. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 137:142-148. [PMID: 26159066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water is of great chemical importance due to its ability to form hydrogen bond. Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxin/benzofurans (PHDD/Fs) are notorious due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and extremely high toxicity. Water is ubiquitous, and a deep knowledge of its influence on the formation mechanism of PHDD/Fs is necessary. This work investigated the influence of water on the homogeneous gas-phase formation of PHDD/Fs from halogenated phenols (HPs) as precursors by using quantum chemical calculations with the aid of the MPWB1K theoretical approach in connection with the 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311+G(3df,2p) basis sets. The schematic energy profile in the presence of water was constructed and compared with the situation without water. This study reveals for the first time that the introduction of water promotes the formation of halogenated phenoxy radicals (HPRs) from the H abstraction reactions of HPs with atomic H and OH radicals by lowering the reaction energy barriers and opening new low-energy pathways. Another intriguing finding of this work is that the inclusion of a water molecule produces a catalytic effect on the H-shift step involved in the formation of PHDFs and thus their formation potential is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Shi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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10
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Sun Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Wang W. OH radical-initiated oxidation degradation and atmospheric lifetime of N-ethylperfluorobutyramide in the presence of O₂/NOx. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:241-249. [PMID: 25957036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The OH radical-initiated oxidation degradation of N-ethylperfluorobutyramide (EtFBA) in the presence of O2/NOx was investigated theoretically by using density functional theory (DFT). All possible pathways involved in the oxidation process were presented and discussed. The study shows that the H abstraction from the C(2)H(2) group in EtFBA is the most energetically favorable because of the lowest barrier and highest exothermicity. Canonical variational transition-state (CVT) theory with small curvature tunneling (SCT) contribution was used to predict the rate constants over the temperature range of 180-370 K. At 296 K, the calculated overall rate constant of EtFBA with OH radicals is 2.50 × 10(-12)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1). The atmospheric lifetime of EtFBA determined by OH radicals is short, about 4.6 days at 296K. However, the atmospheric lifetimes of its primary oxidation products, C3F7C(O)N(H)C(O)CH3, C3F7C(O)N(H)CH2CHO and C3F7C(O)NH2, are much longer, about 30-50 days. It demonstrates the possibility that the atmospheric oxidation degradation of polyfluorinated amides (PFAMs) contributes to the burden of observed perfluorinated pollutants in the Arctic region. This study reveals for the first time that the water molecule plays an important catalytic effect on several key elementary steps and promotes the degradation potential of EtFBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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11
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Alrawashdeh AI, Poirier RA. Computational study on thermochemical properties for perhalogenated methanols (CX3OH) (X = F, Cl, Br). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3615-20. [PMID: 25798745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The perhalogenated methanols (CX3OH; X = F, Cl, and Br) are found in the atmosphere as products of the degradation of halocarbons. The thermochemical properties for these molecules have been calculated at the HF, MP2, and B3LYP levels of theories in conjunction with six different basis sets as well as at G3MP2 and CBS-QB3. Calculated properties include the gas-phase enthalpies of formation (ΔfH(0)), gas-phase acidities (ΔacidG(0)), gas-phase proton affinity, and bond dissociation energies of the C-O and O-H bonds of CX3OH. Excellent agreement is found between the results obtained using G3MP2 and CBS-QB3 methods and the available experimental data. The results obtained using MP2 are more consistent with the experimental, G3MP2, and CBS-QB3 values than those computed at B3LYP. In general, the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set when combined with the HF or MP2 level of theory produced better results than other basis sets considered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad I Alrawashdeh
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University, Prince Phillip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Raymond A Poirier
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University, Prince Phillip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
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12
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Mellouki A, Wallington TJ, Chen J. Atmospheric chemistry of oxygenated volatile organic compounds: impacts on air quality and climate. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3984-4014. [PMID: 25828273 DOI: 10.1021/cr500549n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mellouki
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.,ICARE/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France.,Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Shanghai 200433, China.,Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - T J Wallington
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.,ICARE/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France.,Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Shanghai 200433, China.,Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - J Chen
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.,ICARE/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France.,Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Shanghai 200433, China.,Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
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13
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Knachel HC, Benin V, Barklay CD, Birkbeck JC, Faubion BD, Moddeman WE. Reactions of Methyl Perfluoroalkyl Ethers with Isopropyl Alcohol: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2018564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard C. Knachel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dayton, Dayton Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Vladimir Benin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dayton, Dayton Ohio 45469, United States
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14
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Buszek RJ, Barker JR, Francisco JS. Water Effect on the OH + HCl Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:4712-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3025107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Buszek
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
| | - John R. Barker
- Department
of Atmospheric, Oceanic
and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
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15
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16
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Brudnik K, Jodkowski JT, Sarzyński D, Nowek A. Mechanism of the gas-phase decomposition of trifluoro-, trichloro-, and tribromomethanols in the presence of hydrogen halides. J Mol Model 2011; 17:2395-409. [PMID: 21365222 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-0988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Long B, Tan XF, Long ZW, Ren DS, Zhang WJ. Theoretical Study on Decomposition of CF3OH Catalyzed by Water Dimer and Ammonia. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/01/16-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Hua H, Jing-Zhong G, Chuan-Pu L, Yue-Shu G. Theoretical investigation of the decomposition of monofluoromethanol. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.19980160304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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20
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Young CJ, Mabury SA. Atmospheric perfluorinated acid precursors: chemistry, occurrence, and impacts. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 208:1-109. [PMID: 20811862 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6880-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) can be found from the hydrolysis of perfluoroacyl fluorides and chlorides, which can be produced in three separate ways in the atmosphere. Alternatively, PFCAs can be formed directly in the gas phase through reaction of perfluoroacyl peroxy radicals or perfluorinated aldehyde hydrates. All five mechanisms have been elucidated using smog chamber techniques. Yields of the PFCAs from this process vary from less than 10% to greater than 100%, depending on the mechanism. The formation of perfluorosulfonic acids in the atmosphere can also occur, though the mechanism has not been entirely elucidated. A large number of compounds have been confirmed as perfluorinated acid precursors, including CFC-replacement compounds, anesthetics, fluorotelomer compounds, and perfluorosulfonamides. Levels of some of these compounds have been measured in the atmosphere, but concentration for the majority have yet to be detected. It is clear that atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursors contributes to the overall burden of PFAs, though the extent to which this occurs is compound and environment dependent and is difficult to assess accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora J Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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21
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Buszek RJ, Francisco JS. The Gas-Phase Decomposition of CF3OH with Water: A Radical-Catalyzed Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5333-7. [PMID: 19348491 DOI: 10.1021/jp900642q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Buszek
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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22
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Brudnik K, Wójcik-Pastuszka D, Jodkowski JT, Leszczynski J. Theoretical study of the kinetics and mechanism of the decomposition of trifluoromethanol, trichloromethanol, and tribromomethanol in the gas phase. J Mol Model 2008; 14:1159-72. [PMID: 18855022 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Nguyen MT, Matus MH, Ngan VT, Haiges R, Christe KO, Dixon DA. Energetics and Mechanism of the Decomposition of Trifluoromethanol. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1298-312. [DOI: 10.1021/jp709796n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Myrna H. Matus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Vu Thi Ngan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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Wallington TJ, Mabury SA, Hurley MD, Sulbaek Andersen MP, Nielsen OJ, Ellis DA, Martin JW. Comment on “Atmospheric Chemistry of Linear Perfluorinated Aldehydes: Dissociation Kinetics of CnF2n+1CO Radicals”. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:576-7; discussion 577-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074587g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Wallington
- Ford Motor Company, RIC 2122, Dearborn, Michigan, 48121−2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 572 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada, and Division of Analytical and
| | - S. A. Mabury
- Ford Motor Company, RIC 2122, Dearborn, Michigan, 48121−2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 572 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada, and Division of Analytical and
| | - M. D. Hurley
- Ford Motor Company, RIC 2122, Dearborn, Michigan, 48121−2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 572 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada, and Division of Analytical and
| | - M. P. Sulbaek Andersen
- Ford Motor Company, RIC 2122, Dearborn, Michigan, 48121−2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 572 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada, and Division of Analytical and
| | - O. J. Nielsen
- Ford Motor Company, RIC 2122, Dearborn, Michigan, 48121−2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 572 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada, and Division of Analytical and
| | - D. A. Ellis
- Ford Motor Company, RIC 2122, Dearborn, Michigan, 48121−2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 572 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada, and Division of Analytical and
| | - J. W. Martin
- Ford Motor Company, RIC 2122, Dearborn, Michigan, 48121−2053, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 572 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada, and Division of Analytical and
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Young CJ, Donaldson DJ. Overtone-Induced Degradation of Perfluorinated Alcohols in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:13466-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cora J. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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Christe KO, Hegge J, Hoge B, Haiges R. Convenient access to trifluoromethanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6155-8. [PMID: 17623289 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl O Christe
- Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, USA.
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28
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Yamanaka T, Kawasaki M, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ, Schneider WF, Bruce J. Kinetics and mechanism of the gas phase reaction of chlorine atoms with i-propanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4211-7. [PMID: 17687470 DOI: 10.1039/b702933k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FTIR smog chamber techniques and ab initio calculations have been used to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with i-propanol in 700 Torr of N(2) at 296 K. The reaction is observed to proceed with a rate constant of k(1) = (8.28 +/- 0.97) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and gives CH(3)C(OH)CH(3) and CH(3)CH(OH)CH(2) radicals in yields of 85 +/- 7 and 15 +/- 7%, respectively. Calculations indicate that abstraction of the secondary H can proceed through a lower energy pathway than the primary. Rapid decomposition of the chlorination product CH(3)CCl(OH)CH(3) complicates its direct detection, likely due to heterogeneous chemistry. IR spectra for the chlorides CH(3)CCl(OH)CH(3) and CH(3)CH(OH)CH(2)Cl were inferred experimentally and assignments confirmed via comparison with ab initio computed spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Uchimaru T, Tsuzuki S, Sugie M, Tokuhashi K, Sekiya A. Ab initio study of the hydrolysis of carbonyl difluoride (CF2O): importance of an additional water molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Good DA, Francisco JS. Atmospheric Chemistry of Alternative Fuels and Alternative Chlorofluorocarbons. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4999-5024. [PMID: 14664641 DOI: 10.1021/cr020654l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Good
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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31
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Kinetics of the formation reactions of trifluoromethanol and trifluoromethyl hypohalites in the gas phase. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(03)00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Ellis DA, Mabury SA, Martin JW, Muir DC. Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment. Nature 2001; 412:321-4. [PMID: 11460160 DOI: 10.1038/35085548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Following the introduction of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) gases as replacements for the ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), it has been discovered that HCFCs/HFCs can degrade in the atmosphere to produce trifluoroacetic acid, a compound with no known loss mechanisms in the environment, and higher concentrations in natural waters have been shown to be mildly phytotoxic. Present environmental levels of trifluooracetic acid are not accounted by HCFC/HFC degradation alone. Here we report that thermolysis of fluorinated polymers, such as the commercial polymers Teflon and Kel-F, can also produce trifluoroacetate and the similar compound chlorodifluoroacetate. This can occur either directly, or indirectly via products that are known to degrade to these haloacetates in the atmosphere. The environmental significance of these findings is confirmed by modelling, which indicates that the thermolysis of fluoropolymers in industrial and consumer high-temperature applications (ovens, non-stick cooking utensils and combustion engines) is likely to be a significant source of trifluoroacetate in urban rain water ( approximately 25 ng l-1, as estimated for Toronto). Thermolysis also leads to longer chain polyfluoro- and/or polychlorofluoro- (C3-C14) carboxylic acids which may be equally persistent. Some of these products have recently been linked with possible adverse health and environmental impacts and are being phased out of the US market. Furthermore, we detected CFCs and fluorocarbons-groups that can destroy ozone and act as greenhouse gases, respectively-among the other thermal degradation products, suggesting that continued use of fluoropolymers may also exacerbate stratospheric ozone-depletion and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, 80 St George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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Hass KC, Schneider WF, Curioni A, Andreoni W. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Simulations of H2O on α-Al2O3 (0001). J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000040p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Asher RL, Appelman EH, Tilson JL, Litorja M, Berkowitz J, Ruscic B. A photoionization study of trifluoromethanol, CF3OH, trifluoromethyl hypofluorite, CF3OF, and trifluoromethyl hypochlorite, CF3OCl. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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