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Seki S, Yoshida K, Sugisaki M, Yamano N, Fujii R. Characterization of the Ultraviolet-B Absorption Band of Carotenoids Using Solvent-dependent Shifts in Steady-State and Transient Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5623-5629. [PMID: 38833602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The versatile functions of carotenoids in biological systems are associated with the extended π-electron conjugation system. Strong visible absorption resulting from the optically allowed S2 (1Bu+) state and the low-lying optically forbidden S1 (2Ag-) state examined. Carotenoids also exhibit an absorption band in the ultraviolet-B region; however, the origin of this band (hereafter referred to as Suv state) is not well characterized. The Suv state is a candidate for the destination level of the well-known S1 → Sn transient absorption; however, an obvious energy mismatch has been observed. In this study, we examined the steady-state and picosecond transient absorption spectra of lycopene in various solvents. The Suv absorption of carotenoids with diverse conjugation lengths was also examined. The dependence of the energies on solvent polarizability and conjugation length revealed that both Suv and Sn are the "second" Bu+ state. The absorption spectrum for lycopene at 200 K revealed an additional vibrational band, which may be the vibrational origin of the S0 → Suv band. Considering the slow vibrational relaxation of the 2Ag- state, the S1 → Sn transition may represent the 2Ag- (v = 1) → 2Bu+ (v = 0) transition, and the energetic contradiction can be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Seki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugisaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nami Yamano
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Ritsuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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2
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Hao JF, Qi CH, Yu BY, Wang HY, Gao RY, Yamano N, Ma F, Wang P, Xin YY, Zhang CF, Yu LJ, Zhang JP. Light-Quality-Adapted Carotenoid Photoprotection in the Photosystem of Roseiflexus castenholzii. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3470-3477. [PMID: 38512331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The photosystem of filamentous anoxygenic phototroph Roseiflexus (Rfl.) castenholzii comprises a light-harvesting (LH) complex encircling a reaction center (RC), which intensely absorbs blue-green light by carotenoid (Car) and near-infrared light by bacteriochlorophyll (BChl). To explore the influence of light quality (color) on the photosynthetic activity, we compared the pigment compositions and triplet excitation dynamics of the LH-RCs from Rfl. castenholzii was adapted to blue-green light (bg-LH-RC) and to near-infrared light (nir-LH-RC). Both LH-RCs bind γ-carotene derivatives; however, compared to that of nir-LH-RC (12%), bg-LH-RC contains substantially higher keto-γ-carotene content (43%) and shows considerably faster BChl-to-Car triplet excitation transfer (10.9 ns vs 15.0 ns). For bg-LH-RC, but not nir-LH-RC, selective photoexcitation of Car and the 800 nm-absorbing BChl led to Car-to-Car triplet transfer and BChl-Car singlet fission reactions, respectively. The unique excitation dynamics of bg-LH-RC enhances its photoprotection, which is crucial for the survival of aquatic anoxygenic phototrophs from photooxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Hui Qi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Bu-Yang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Yao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Nami Yamano
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Yong Xin
- Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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3
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Khokhlov D, Belov A. Low-Lying Excited States of Natural Carotenoids Viewed by Ab Initio Methods. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4376-4391. [PMID: 35767689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-lying excited states of carotenoids (the optically dark 2Ag- and bright 1Bu+) are deeply involved in energy transfer processes in photosynthetic antennas, such as light harvesting and non-photochemical quenching. Though any ab initio modeling of these phenomena has to rely on precise energies of the carotenoid electronic states, the accurate evaluation of these states remains a challenging problem due to their different natures. The paper aims to study the accuracy of the excitation energies of the low-lying excited states of certain open- and closed-chain carotenoids obtained by a state-of-the-art multireference approach for electronic structure calculation. Here, density matrix renormalization group SCF (DMRGSCF) and a perturbative approach based on driven similarity renormalization group second-order multireference perturbation theory (DSRG-MRPT2) were used to treat the static and dynamic correlation, respectively. Nuclear geometries of the electronic states were optimized with DFT-based approaches. It is demonstrated that spin-flip TD-DFT can replace multiconfigurational methods for the geometry optimization of the 2Ag- state but not for the calculation of the excitation energy. Adiabatic excitation energies to the 1Bu+ state were shown to be within a margin of 1000 cm-1 with an appropriate flow parameter value. Adiabatic excitation energies to the 2Ag- state for the open-chain carotenoids lie within a range of experimental values (taking into account the broad range of experimental estimates); for the closed-chain ones, the error does not exceed 2000 cm-1. Ab initio stationary (1Ag- → 1Bu+) and transient (2Ag- → 1Bu+) absorption spectra were modeled for violaxanthin and lycopene, and these spectra showed good agreement with the experimental ones both in terms of the vibronic structure and the transition energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Khokhlov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Belov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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4
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Bose A, Walters PL. Tensor Network Path Integral Study of Dynamics in B850 LH2 Ring with Atomistically Derived Vibrations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4095-4108. [PMID: 35732015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently introduced multisite tensor network path integral (MS-TNPI) allows simulation of extended quantum systems coupled to dissipative media. We use MS-TNPI to simulate the exciton transport and the absorption spectrum of a B850 bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) ring. The MS-TNPI network is extended to account for the ring topology of the B850 system. Accurate molecular-dynamics-based description of the molecular vibrations and the protein scaffold is incorporated through the framework of Feynman-Vernon influence functional. To relate the present work with the excitonic picture, an exploration of the absorption spectrum is done by simulating it using approximate and topologically consistent transition dipole moment vectors. Comparison of these numerically exact MS-TNPI absorption spectra are shown with second-order cumulant approximations. The effect of temperature on both the exact and the approximate spectra is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amartya Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Peter L Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Zhang Y, Qi CH, Yamano N, Wang P, Yu LJ, Wang-Otomo ZY, Zhang JP. Carotenoid Single-Molecular Singlet Fission and the Photoprotection of a Bacteriochlorophyll b-Type Core Light-Harvesting Antenna. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3534-3541. [PMID: 35420425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid (Car) in photosynthesis plays the major roles of accessary light harvesting and photoprotection, and the underlying structure-function relationship attracts continuing research interests. We have attempted to explore the dynamics of Car triplet excitation (3Car*) in the bacteriochlorophyll b (BChl b)-type light harvesting reaction center complex (LH1-RC) of photosynthetic bacterium Halorhodospira halochloris. We show that the LH1 antenna binds a single Car that was identified as a lycopene derivative. Although the Car is hardly visible in the LH1-RC stationary absorption, it shows up conspicuously in the triplet excitation profile with distinct vibronic features. This and the ultrafast formation of 3Car* on direct photoexcitation of Car unequivocally manifest the unimolecular singlet fission reaction of the Car. Moreover, the Car with even one molecule per complex is found to be rather effective in quenching 3BChl b*. The implications of different 3Car* formation mechanisms are discussed, and the self-photoprotection role of BChl b are proposed for this extremophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Hui Qi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | - Nami Yamano
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
| | | | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
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6
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Swainsbury DJK, Hunter CN. Carotenoid-to-(bacterio)chlorophyll energy transfer in LH2 antenna complexes from Rba. sphaeroides reconstituted with non-native (bacterio)chlorophylls. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:155-169. [PMID: 31350671 PMCID: PMC7203092 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Six variants of the LH2 antenna complex from Rba. sphaeroides, comprising the native B800-B850, B800-free LH2 (B850) and four LH2s with various (bacterio)chlorophylls reconstituted into the B800 site, have been investigated with static and time-resolved optical spectroscopies at room temperature and at 77 K. The study particularly focused on how reconstitution of a non-native (bacterio)chlorophylls affects excitation energy transfer between the naturally bound carotenoid spheroidene and artificially substituted pigments in the B800 site. Results demonstrate there is no apparent trend in the overall energy transfer rate from spheroidene to B850 bacteriochlorophyll a; however, a trend in energy transfer rate from the spheroidene S1 state to Qy of the B800 (bacterio)chlorophylls is noticeable. These outcomes were applied to test the validity of previously proposed energy values of the spheroidene S1 state, supporting a value in the vicinity of 13,400 cm-1 (746 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - David J K Swainsbury
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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7
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A photosynthetic antenna complex foregoes unity carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer efficiency to ensure photoprotection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6502-6508. [PMID: 32139606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920923117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids play a number of important roles in photosynthesis, primarily providing light-harvesting and photoprotective energy dissipation functions within pigment-protein complexes. The carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) conjugation length of carotenoids (N), generally between 9 and 15, determines the carotenoid-to-(bacterio)chlorophyll [(B)Chl] energy transfer efficiency. Here we purified and spectroscopically characterized light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides containing the N = 7 carotenoid zeta (ζ)-carotene, not previously incorporated within a natural antenna complex. Transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence show that, relative to the lifetime of the S1 state of ζ-carotene in solvent, the lifetime decreases ∼250-fold when ζ-carotene is incorporated within LH2, due to transfer of excitation energy to the B800 and B850 BChls a These measurements show that energy transfer proceeds with an efficiency of ∼100%, primarily via the S1 → Qx route because the S1 → S0 fluorescence emission of ζ-carotene overlaps almost perfectly with the Qx absorption band of the BChls. However, transient absorption measurements performed on microsecond timescales reveal that, unlike the native N ≥ 9 carotenoids normally utilized in light-harvesting complexes, ζ-carotene does not quench excited triplet states of BChl a, likely due to elevation of the ζ-carotene triplet energy state above that of BChl a These findings provide insights into the coevolution of photosynthetic pigments and pigment-protein complexes. We propose that the N ≥ 9 carotenoids found in light-harvesting antenna complexes represent a vital compromise that retains an acceptable level of energy transfer from carotenoids to (B)Chls while allowing acquisition of a new, essential function, namely, photoprotective quenching of harmful (B)Chl triplets.
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8
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Bold BM, Sokolov M, Maity S, Wanko M, Dohmen PM, Kranz JJ, Kleinekathöfer U, Höfener S, Elstner M. Benchmark and performance of long-range corrected time-dependent density functional tight binding (LC-TD-DFTB) on rhodopsins and light-harvesting complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10500-10518. [PMID: 31950960 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The chromophores of rhodopsins (Rh) and light-harvesting (LH) complexes still represent a major challenge for a quantum chemical description due to their size and complex electronic structure. Since gradient corrected and hybrid density functional approaches have been shown to fail for these systems, only range-separated functionals seem to be a promising alternative to the more time consuming post-Hartree-Fock approaches. For extended sampling of optical properties, however, even more approximate approaches are required. Recently, a long-range corrected (LC) functional has been implemented into the efficient density functional tight binding (DFTB) method, allowing to sample the excited states properties of chromophores embedded into proteins using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) with the time-dependent (TD) DFTB approach. In the present study, we assess the accuracy of LC-TD-DFT and LC-TD-DFTB for rhodopsins (bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and pharaonis phoborhodopsin (ppR)) and LH complexes (light-harvesting complex II (LH2) and Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex). This benchmark study shows the improved description of the color tuning parameters compared to standard DFT functionals. In general, LC-TD-DFTB can exhibit a similar performance as the corresponding LC functionals, allowing a reliable description of excited states properties at significantly reduced cost. The two chromophores investigated here pose complementary challenges: while huge sensitivity to external field perturbation (color tuning) and charge transfer excitations are characteristic for the retinal chromophore, the multi-chromophoric character of the LH complexes emphasizes a correct description of inter-chromophore couplings, giving less importance to color tuning. None of the investigated functionals masters both systems simultaneously with satisfactory accuracy. LC-TD-DFTB, at the current stage, although showing a systematic improvement compared to TD-DFTB cannot be recommended for studying color tuning in retinal proteins, similar to some of the LC-DFT functionals, because the response to external fields is still too weak. For sampling of LH-spectra, however, LC-TD-DFTB is a viable tool, allowing to efficiently sample absorption energies, as shown for three different LH complexes. As the calculations indicate, geometry optimization may overestimate the importance of local minima, which may be averaged over when using trajectories. Fast quantum chemical approaches therefore may allow for a direct sampling of spectra in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix M Bold
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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10
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Khosravi SD, Bishop MM, LaFountain AM, Turner DB, Gibson GN, Frank HA, Berrah N. Addition of a Carbonyl End Group Increases the Rate of Excited-State Decay in a Carotenoid via Conjugation Extension and Symmetry Breaking. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10872-10879. [PMID: 30387609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state absorption, transient absorption, and transient grating spectroscopies were employed to elucidate the role of a conjugated carbonyl group in the photophysics of carotenoids. Spheroidenone and spheroidene have similar molecular structures and differ only in an additional carbonyl group in spheroidenone. Comparison of the optical responses of these two molecules under similar experimental conditions was used to understand the role of this carbonyl group in the structure. It was found that the carbonyl group has two main effects: first, it dramatically increases the depopulation rate of the excited states of the molecule. The lifetimes of all the excited states of spheroidenone were found to be almost half of the ones for spheroidene. Second, the presence of the carbonyl group in the chain alters the decay mechanism to the symmetry-forbidden S1 state of the molecule, so that the higher vibrational levels of the S1 state are populated much more effectively. It was also revealed that for both molecules, the S2/S x → S1(hot) → S1 decay process is not purely sequential and follows a branched model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel B Turner
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
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11
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Surfactant Effects on the Permeability of Photosynthetic Membrane from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 Probed by Electrochromic Shift of Endogenous Carotenoids. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Llansola-Portoles MJ, Redeckas K, Streckaité S, Ilioaia C, Pascal AA, Telfer A, Vengris M, Valkunas L, Robert B. Lycopene crystalloids exhibit singlet exciton fission in tomatoes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29537023 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient absorption studies conducted on in vitro lycopene aggregates, as well as on lycopene crystalloids inside tomato chromoplasts, reveal the appearance of a long-lived excited state, which we unambiguously identified as lycopene triplet. These triplet states must be generated by singlet exciton fission, which occurs from the lycopene 2Ag state. This is the first time the singlet fission process has ever been shown to occur in a biological material. We propose that the formation of carotenoid assemblies in chromoplasts may constitute a photoprotective process during chromoplast maturation, in addition to their function in signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Llansola-Portoles
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, F-91198, France.
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13
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Hashimoto H, Uragami C, Yukihira N, Gardiner AT, Cogdell RJ. Understanding/unravelling carotenoid excited singlet states. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180026. [PMID: 29643225 PMCID: PMC5938589 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential light-harvesting pigments in natural photosynthesis. They absorb in the blue-green region of the solar spectrum and transfer the absorbed energy to (bacterio-)chlorophylls, and thus expand the wavelength range of light that is able to drive photosynthesis. This process is an example of singlet-singlet excitation energy transfer, and carotenoids serve to enhance the overall efficiency of photosynthetic light reactions. The photochemistry and photophysics of carotenoids have often been interpreted by referring to those of simple polyene molecules that do not possess any functional groups. However, this may not always be wise because carotenoids usually have a number of functional groups that induce the variety of photochemical behaviours in them. These differences can also make the interpretation of the singlet excited states of carotenoids very complicated. In this article, we review the properties of the singlet excited states of carotenoids with the aim of producing as coherent a picture as possible of what is currently known and what needs to be learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Nao Yukihira
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Alastair T Gardiner
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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14
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Somoza AD, Sun KW, Molina RA, Zhao Y. Dynamics of coherence, localization and excitation transfer in disordered nanorings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:25996-26013. [PMID: 28920601 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled supramolecular aggregates are excellent candidates for the design of efficient excitation transport devices. Both artificially prepared and natural photosynthetic aggregates in plants and bacteria present an important degree of disorder that is supposed to hinder excitation transport. Besides, molecular excitations couple to nuclear motion affecting excitation transport in a variety of ways. We present an exhaustive study of exciton dynamics in disordered nanorings with long-range interactions under the influence of a phonon bath taking the LH2 system of purple bacteria as a model. Nuclear motion is explicitly taken into account by employing the Davydov ansatz description of the polaron and quantum dynamics are obtained using a time-dependent variational method. We reveal an optimal exciton-phonon coupling that suppresses disorder-induced localization and facilitate excitation de-trapping. This excitation transfer enhancement, mediated by environmental phonons, is attributed to energy relaxation toward extended, low-energy excitons provided by the precise LH2 geometry with anti-parallel dipoles and long-range interactions. An analysis of localization and spectral statistics is followed by dynamic measures of coherence and localization, transfer efficiency and superradiance. Linear absorption, 2D photon-echo spectra and diffusion measures of the exciton are examined to monitor the diffusive behavior as a function of the strengths of disorder and exciton-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Somoza
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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15
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Yu J, Fu LM, Yu LJ, Shi Y, Wang P, Wang-Otomo ZY, Zhang JP. Carotenoid Singlet Fission Reactions in Bacterial Light Harvesting Complexes As Revealed by Triplet Excitation Profiles. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15984-15993. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Faculty
of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ying Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | | | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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16
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Swainsbury DJK, Martin EC, Hunter CN, Blankenship RE. Origin of the S* Excited State Feature of Carotenoids in Light-Harvesting Complex 1 from Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7571-7585. [PMID: 28719215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This spectroscopic study investigates the origin of the transient feature of the S* excited state of carotenoids bound in LH1 complexes from purple bacteria. The studies were performed on two RC-LH1 complexes from Rba. sphaeroides strains that bound carotenoids with different carbon-carbon double bond conjugation N, neurosporene (N = 9) and spirilloxanthin (N = 13). The S* transient spectral feature, originally associated with an elusive and optically silent excited state of spirilloxanthin in the LH1 complex, may be successfully explained and mimicked without involving any unknown electronic state. The spectral and temporal characteristics of the S* feature suggest that it is associated with triplet-triplet annihilation of carotenoid triplets formed after direct excitation of the molecule via a singlet fission mechanism. Depending on pigment homogeneity and carotenoid assembly in the LH1 complex, the spectro-temporal component associated with triplet-triplet annihilation may simply resolve a pure T-S spectrum of a carotenoid. In some cases (like spirilloxanthin), the T-S feature will also be accompanied by a carotenoid Stark spectrum and/or residual transient absorption of minor carotenoid species bound into LH1 antenna complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J K Swainsbury
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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17
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Shi Y, Yu J, Yu LJ, Wang P, Fu LM, Zhang JP, Wang-Otomo ZY. Dependence of the hydration status of bacterial light-harvesting complex 2 on polyol cosolvents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:795-807. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00270f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tch. tepidumLH2 hydration correlates with water activity in water–polyol binary solvents as sensitively probed by near infrared electronic spectra and characteristic triplet carotenoid–bacteriochlorophyll interaction bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 1000872
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 1000872
- P. R. China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Faculty of Science
- Ibaraki University
- Mito 310-8512
- Japan
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 1000872
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 1000872
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 1000872
- P. R. China
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18
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Mirkovic T, Ostroumov EE, Anna JM, van Grondelle R, Govindjee, Scholes GD. Light Absorption and Energy Transfer in the Antenna Complexes of Photosynthetic Organisms. Chem Rev 2016; 117:249-293. [PMID: 27428615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The process of photosynthesis is initiated by the capture of sunlight by a network of light-absorbing molecules (chromophores), which are also responsible for the subsequent funneling of the excitation energy to the reaction centers. Through evolution, genetic drift, and speciation, photosynthetic organisms have discovered many solutions for light harvesting. In this review, we describe the underlying photophysical principles by which this energy is absorbed, as well as the mechanisms of electronic excitation energy transfer (EET). First, optical properties of the individual pigment chromophores present in light-harvesting antenna complexes are introduced, and then we examine the collective behavior of pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interactions. The description of energy transfer, in particular multichromophoric antenna structures, is shown to vary depending on the spatial and energetic landscape, which dictates the relative coupling strength between constituent pigment molecules. In the latter half of the article, we focus on the light-harvesting complexes of purple bacteria as a model to illustrate the present understanding of the synergetic effects leading to EET optimization of light-harvesting antenna systems while exploring the structure and function of the integral chromophores. We end this review with a brief overview of the energy-transfer dynamics and pathways in the light-harvesting antennas of various photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Mirkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 265 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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19
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Dilbeck PL, Tang Q, Mothersole DJ, Martin EC, Hunter CN, Bocian DF, Holten D, Niedzwiedzki DM. Quenching Capabilities of Long-Chain Carotenoids in Light-Harvesting-2 Complexes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides with an Engineered Carotenoid Synthesis Pathway. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5429-43. [PMID: 27285777 PMCID: PMC4921951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Six light-harvesting-2 complexes
(LH2) from genetically modified
strains of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter
(Rb.) sphaeroides were studied using static and ultrafast
optical methods and resonance Raman spectroscopy. These strains were
engineered to incorporate carotenoids for which the number of conjugated
groups (N = NC=C + NC=O) varies from 9 to 15.
The Rb. sphaeroides strains incorporate their native
carotenoids spheroidene (N = 10) and spheroidenone
(N = 11), as well as longer-chain analogues including
spirilloxanthin (N = 13) and diketospirilloxantion
(N = 15) normally found in Rhodospirillum
rubrum. Measurements of the properties of the carotenoid
first singlet excited state (S1) in antennas from the Rb. sphaeroides set show that carotenoid-bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) interactions are similar to
those in LH2 complexes from various other bacterial species and thus
are not significantly impacted by differences in polypeptide composition.
Instead, variations in carotenoid-to-BChl a energy
transfer are primarily regulated by the N-determined
energy of the carotenoid S1 excited state, which for long-chain
(N ≥ 13) carotenoids is not involved in energy
transfer. Furthermore, the role of the long-chain carotenoids switches
from a light-harvesting supporter (via energy transfer to BChl a) to a quencher of the BChl a S1 excited state B850*. This quenching is manifested as a substantial
(∼2-fold) reduction of the B850* lifetime and the B850* fluorescence
quantum yield for LH2 housing the longest carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David J Mothersole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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20
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Magdaong NCM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Goodson C, Blankenship RE. Carotenoid-to-Bacteriochlorophyll Energy Transfer in the LH1–RC Core Complex of a Bacteriochlorophyll b Containing Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium Blastochloris viridis. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5159-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Cecil M. Magdaong
- Department
of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, St.
Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
- Photosynthetic
Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic
Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Carrie Goodson
- Department
of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Department
of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, St.
Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
- Photosynthetic
Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
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21
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Abstract
The design of optimal light-harvesting (supra)molecular systems and materials is one of the most challenging frontiers of science. Theoretical methods and computational models play a fundamental role in this difficult task, as they allow the establishment of structural blueprints inspired by natural photosynthetic organisms that can be applied to the design of novel artificial light-harvesting devices. Among theoretical strategies, the application of quantum chemical tools represents an important reality that has already reached an evident degree of maturity, although it still has to show its real potentials. This Review presents an overview of the state of the art of this strategy, showing the actual fields of applicability but also indicating its current limitations, which need to be solved in future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Curutchet
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Greco JA, LaFountain AM, Kinashi N, Shinada T, Sakaguchi K, Katsumura S, Magdaong NCM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Birge RR, Frank HA. Spectroscopic Investigation of the Carotenoid Deoxyperidinin: Direct Observation of the Forbidden S0 → S1 Transition. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2731-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Greco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Naoto Kinashi
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nikki Cecil M. Magdaong
- Department
of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic
Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Robert R. Birge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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23
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Bot F, Anese M, Lemos MA, Hungerford G. Use of time-resolved spectroscopy as a method to monitor carotenoids present in tomato extract obtained using ultrasound treatment. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:32-40. [PMID: 26289117 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compounds exhibiting antioxidant activity have received much interest in the food industry because of their potential health benefits. Carotenoids such as lycopene, which in the human diet mainly derives from tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), have attracted much attention in this aspect and the study of their extraction, processing and storage procedures is of importance. Optical techniques potentially offer advantageous non-invasive and specific methods to monitor them. OBJECTIVES To obtain both fluorescence and Raman information to ascertain if ultrasound assisted extraction from tomato pulp has a detrimental effect on lycopene. METHOD Use of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor carotenoids in a hexane extract obtained from tomato pulp with application of ultrasound treatment (583 kHz). The resultant spectra were a combination of scattering and fluorescence. Because of their different timescales, decay associated spectra could be used to separate fluorescence and Raman information. This simultaneous acquisition of two complementary techniques was coupled with a very high time-resolution fluorescence lifetime measurement of the lycopene. RESULTS Spectroscopic data showed the presence of phytofluene and chlorophyll in addition to lycopene in the tomato extract. The time-resolved spectral measurement containing both fluorescence and Raman data, coupled with high resolution time-resolved measurements, where a lifetime of ~5 ps was attributed to lycopene, indicated lycopene appeared unaltered by ultrasound treatment. Detrimental changes were, however, observed in both chlorophyll and phytofluene contributions. CONCLUSION Extracted lycopene appeared unaffected by ultrasound treatment, while other constituents (chlorophyll and phytofluene) were degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bot
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Anese
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - M Adília Lemos
- Food and Life Sciences, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay Dundee, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
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24
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Shi Y, Zhao NJ, Wang P, Fu LM, Yu LJ, Zhang JP, Wang-Otomo ZY. Thermal Adaptability of the Light-Harvesting Complex 2 from Thermochromatium tepidum: Temperature-Dependent Excitation Transfer Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14871-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Jiu Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Faculty
of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 1000872, P. R. China
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25
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Lemos MA, Sárniková K, Bot F, Anese M, Hungerford G. Use of Time-Resolved Fluorescence to Monitor Bioactive Compounds in Plant Based Foodstuffs. BIOSENSORS 2015; 5:367-97. [PMID: 26132136 PMCID: PMC4600163 DOI: 10.3390/bios5030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of compounds that exhibit antioxidant activity has recently received much interest in the food industry because of their potential health benefits. Most of these compounds are plant based, such as polyphenolics and carotenoids, and there is a need to monitor them from the field through processing and into the body. Ideally, a monitoring technique should be non-invasive with the potential for remote capabilities. The application of the phenomenon of fluorescence has proved to be well suited, as many plant associated compounds exhibit fluorescence. The photophysical behaviour of fluorescent molecules is also highly dependent on their microenvironment, making them suitable probes to monitor changes in pH, viscosity and polarity, for example. Time-resolved fluorescence techniques have recently come to the fore, as they offer the ability to obtain more information, coupled with the fact that the fluorescence lifetime is an absolute measure, while steady state just provides relative and average information. In this work, we will present illustrative time-resolved measurements, rather than a comprehensive review, to show the potential of time-resolved fluorescence applied to the study of bioactive substances. The aim is to help assess if any changes occur in their form, going from extraction via storage and cooking to the interaction with serum albumin, a principal blood transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adília Lemos
- Food & Life Sciences, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay Dundee, Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Katarína Sárniková
- Food & Life Sciences, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay Dundee, Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Francesca Bot
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Monica Anese
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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26
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Dilbeck PL, Tang Q, Mothersole DJ, Martin EC, Bocian DF, Holten D, Hunter CN. Functional characteristics of spirilloxanthin and keto-bearing Analogues in light-harvesting LH2 complexes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides with a genetically modified carotenoid synthesis pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1847:640-55. [PMID: 25871644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting 2 (LH2) complexes from a genetically modified strain of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides were studied using static and ultrafast optical methods and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Carotenoid synthesis in the Rba. sphaeroides strain was engineered to redirect carotenoid production away from spheroidene into the spirilloxanthin synthesis pathway. The strain assembles LH2 antennas with substantial amounts of spirilloxanthin (total double-bond conjugation length N=13) if grown anaerobically and of keto-bearing long-chain analogs [2-ketoanhydrorhodovibrin (N=13), 2-ketospirilloxanthin (N=14) and 2,2'-diketospirilloxanthin (N=15)] if grown semi-aerobically (with ratios that depend on growth conditions). We present the photophysical, electronic, and vibrational properties of these carotenoids, both isolated in organic media and assembled within LH2 complexes. Measurements of excited-state energy transfer to the array of excitonically coupled bacteriochlorophyll a molecules (B850) show that the mean lifetime of the first singlet excited state (S1) of the long-chain (N≥13) carotenoids does not change appreciably between organic media and the protein environment. In each case, the S1 state appears to lie lower in energy than that of B850. The energy-transfer yield is ~0.4 in LH2 (from the strain grown aerobically or semi-aerobically), which is less than half that achieved for LH2 that contains short-chain (N≤11) analogues. Collectively, the results suggest that the S1 excited state of the long-chain (N≥13) carotenoids participates little if at all in carotenoid-to-BChl a energy transfer, which occurs predominantly via the carotenoid S2 excited state in these antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Preston L Dilbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Qun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David J Mothersole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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27
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van der Vegte CP, Prajapati JD, Kleinekathöfer U, Knoester J, Jansen TLC. Atomistic Modeling of Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectra and Excited-State Dynamics for a Light Harvesting 2 Complex. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:1302-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509247p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. van der Vegte
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. D. Prajapati
- School
of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - U. Kleinekathöfer
- School
of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - J. Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Qin X, Wang W, Chang L, Chen J, Wang P, Zhang J, He Y, Kuang T, Shen JR. Isolation and characterization of a PSI-LHCI super-complex and its sub-complexes from a siphonaceous marine green alga, Bryopsis Corticulans. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 123:61-76. [PMID: 25214185 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel super-complex of photosystem I (PSI)-light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) was isolated from a siphonaceous marine green alga, Bryopsis corticulans. The super-complex contained 9-10 Lhca antennas as external LHCI bound to the core complex. The super-complex was further disintegrated into PSI core and LHCI sub-complexes, and analysis of the pigment compositions by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed unique characteristics of the B. corticulans PSI in that one PSI core contained around 14 α-carotenes and 1-2 ε-carotenes. This is in sharp contrast to the PSI core from higher plants and most cyanobacteria where only β-carotenes were present, and is the first report for an α-carotene-type PSI core complex among photosynthetic eukaryotes, suggesting a structural flexibility of the PSI core. Lhca antennas from B. corticulans contained seven kinds of carotenoids (siphonaxanthin, all-trans neoxanthin, 9'-cis neoxanthin, violaxanthin, siphonein, ε-carotene, and α-carotene) and showed a high carotenoid:chlorophyll ratio of around 7.5:13. PSI-LHCI super-complex and PSI core showed fluorescence emission peaks at 716 and 718 nm at 77 K, respectively; whereas two Lhca oligomers had fluorescence peaks at 681 and 684 nm, respectively. By comparison with spinach PSI preparations, it was found that B. corticulans PSI had less red chlorophylls, most of them are present in the core complex but not in the outer light-harvesting systems. These characteristics may contribute to the fine tuning of the energy transfer network, and to acclimate to the ever-changing light conditions under which the unique green alga inhabits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China,
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29
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Chi SC, Mothersole DJ, Dilbeck P, Niedzwiedzki DM, Zhang H, Qian P, Vasilev C, Grayson KJ, Jackson PJ, Martin EC, Li Y, Holten D, Neil Hunter C. Assembly of functional photosystem complexes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides incorporating carotenoids from the spirilloxanthin pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:189-201. [PMID: 25449968 PMCID: PMC4331045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids protect the photosynthetic apparatus against harmful radicals arising from the presence of both light and oxygen. They also act as accessory pigments for harvesting solar energy, and are required for stable assembly of many light-harvesting complexes. In the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides phytoene desaturase (CrtI) catalyses three sequential desaturations of the colourless carotenoid phytoene, extending the number of conjugated carbon–carbon double bonds, N, from three to nine and producing the yellow carotenoid neurosporene; subsequent modifications produce the yellow/red carotenoids spheroidene/spheroidenone (N = 10/11). Genomic crtI replacements were used to swap the native three-step Rba. sphaeroides CrtI for the four-step Pantoea agglomerans enzyme, which re-routed carotenoid biosynthesis and culminated in the production of 2,2′-diketo-spirilloxanthin under semi-aerobic conditions. The new carotenoid pathway was elucidated using a combination of HPLC and mass spectrometry. Premature termination of this new pathway by inactivating crtC or crtD produced strains with lycopene or rhodopin as major carotenoids. All of the spirilloxanthin series carotenoids are accepted by the assembly pathways for LH2 and RC–LH1–PufX complexes. The efficiency of carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer for 2,2′-diketo-spirilloxanthin (15 conjugated C
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]]>C bonds; N = 15) in LH2 complexes is low, at 35%. High energy transfer efficiencies were obtained for neurosporene (N = 9; 94%), spheroidene (N = 10; 96%) and spheroidenone (N = 11; 95%), whereas intermediate values were measured for lycopene (N = 11; 64%), rhodopin (N = 11; 62%) and spirilloxanthin (N = 13; 39%). The variety and stability of these novel Rba. sphaeroides antenna complexes make them useful experimental models for investigating the energy transfer dynamics of carotenoids in bacterial photosynthesis. The spirilloxanthin biosynthetic pathway has been constructed in Rba. sphaeroides. The new carotenoids are accepted by the photosystem assembly pathways. These pigments are efficiently integrated into LH2 and RC–LH1–PufX complexes. Carotenoid–BChl energy transfer drops with the number of conjugated CC bonds (N). The lowest efficiency, 35%, is for the N = 15 carotenoid 2,2′ diketospirilloxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang C Chi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - David J Mothersole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Preston Dilbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889, USA
| | | | - Hao Zhang
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Pu Qian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Cvetelin Vasilev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Grayson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889, USA
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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Hsu CP. Theoretical Study of Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Processes: Application of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lambrev PH, Miloslavina Y, van Stokkum IHM, Stahl AD, Michalik M, Susz A, Tworzydło J, Fiedor J, Huhn G, Groot ML, van Grondelle R, Garab G, Fiedor L. Excitation energy trapping and dissipation by Ni-substituted bacteriochlorophyll a in reconstituted LH1 complexes from Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11260-71. [PMID: 23837465 DOI: 10.1021/jp4020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll a with Ni(2+) replacing the central Mg(2+) ion was used as an ultrafast excitation energy dissipation center in reconstituted bacterial LH1 complexes. B870, a carotenoid-less LH1 complex, and B880, an LH1 complex containing spheroidene, were obtained via reconstitution from the subunits isolated from chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum . Ni-substituted bacteriochlorophyll a added to the reconstitution mixture partially substituted the native pigment in both forms of LH1. The excited-state dynamics of the reconstituted LH1 complexes were probed by femtosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared spectral region. Spheroidene-binding B880 containing no excitation dissipation centers displayed complex dynamics in the time range of 0.1-10 ps, reflecting internal conversion and intersystem crossing in the carotenoid, exciton relaxation in BChl complement, and energy transfer from carotenoid to the latter. In B870, some aggregation-induced excitation energy quenching was present. The binding of Ni-BChl a to both B870 and B880 resulted in strong quenching of the excited states with main deexcitation lifetime of ca. 2 ps. The LH1 excited-state lifetime could be modeled with an intrinsic decay time constant in Ni-substituted bacteriochlorophyll a of 160 fs. The presence of carotenoid in LH1 did not influence the kinetics of energy trapping by Ni-BChl unless the carotenoid was directly excited, in which case the kinetics was limited by a slower carotenoid S1 to bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar H Lambrev
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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König C, Schlüter N, Neugebauer J. Direct determination of exciton couplings from subsystem time-dependent density-functional theory within the Tamm–Dancoff approximation. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:034104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4774117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Šlouf V, Fuciman M, Dulebo A, Kaftan D, Koblížek M, Frank HA, Polívka T. Carotenoid charge transfer states and their role in energy transfer processes in LH1-RC complexes from aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:10987-99. [PMID: 23130956 DOI: 10.1021/jp309278y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes ensure necessary flow of excitation energy into photosynthetic reaction centers. In the present work, transient absorption measurements were performed on LH1-RC complexes isolated from two aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAPs), Roseobacter sp. COL2P containing the carotenoid spheroidenone, and Erythrobacter sp. NAP1 which contains the carotenoids zeaxanthin and bacteriorubixanthinal. We show that the spectroscopic data from the LH1-RC complex of Roseobacter sp. COL2P are very similar to those previously reported for Rhodobacter sphaeroides, including the transient absorption spectrum originating from the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state of spheroidenone. Although the ICT state is also populated in LH1-RC complexes of Erythrobacter sp. NAP1, its appearance is probably related to the polarity of the bacteriorubixanthinal environment rather than to the specific configuration of the carotenoid, which we hypothesize is responsible for populating the ICT state of spheroidenone in LH1-RC of Roseobacter sp. COL2P. The population of the ICT state enables efficient S1/ICT-to-bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) energy transfer which would otherwise be largely inhibited for spheroidenone and bacteriorubixanthinal due to their low energy S1 states. In addition, the triplet states of these carotenoids appear well-tuned for efficient quenching of singlet oxygen or BChl-a triplets, which is of vital importance for oxygen-dependent organisms such as AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šlouf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Durchan M, Tichý J, Litvín R, Šlouf V, Gardian Z, Hříbek P, Vácha F, Polívka T. Role of carotenoids in light-harvesting processes in an antenna protein from the chromophyte Xanthonema debile. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:8880-9. [PMID: 22764831 DOI: 10.1021/jp3042796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromophytes are an important group of microorganisms that contribute significantly to the carbon cycle on Earth. Their photosynthetic capacity depends on efficiency of the light-harvesting system that differs in pigment composition from that of green plants and other groups of algae. Here we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study energy transfer pathways in the main light-harvesting complex of Xanthonema debile, denoted XLH, which contains four carotenoids--diadinoxanthin, heteroxanthin, diatoxanthin, and vaucheriaxanthin--and Chl-a. Overall carotenoid-to-chlorophyll energy transfer efficiency is about 60%, but energy transfer pathways are excitation wavelength dependent. Energy transfer from the carotenoid S(2) state is active after excitation at both 490 nm (maximum of carotenoid absorption) and 510 nm (red edge of carotenoid absorption), but this channel is significantly more efficient after 510 nm excitation. Concerning the energy transfer pathway from the S(1) state, XLH contains two groups of carotenoids: those that have the S(1) route active (~25%) and those having the S(1) pathway silent. For a fraction of carotenoids that transfer energy via the S(1) channel, energy transfer is observed after both excitation wavelengths, though energy transfer times are different, yielding 3.4 ps (490 nm excitation) and 1.5 ps (510 nm excitation). This corresponds to efficiencies of the S(1) channel of ~85% that is rather unusual for a donor-acceptor pair consisting of a noncarbonyl carotenoid and Chl-a. Moreover, major carotenoids in XLH, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin, have their S(1) energies in solution lower than the energy of the acceptor state, Q(y) state of Chl-a. Thus, binding of these carotenoids to XLH must tune their S(1) energy to allow for efficient energy transfer. Besides the light-harvesting function, carotenoids in XLH also have photoprotective role; they quench Chl-a triplets via triplet-triplet energy transfer from Chl-a to carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Durchan
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Photoprotection in a purple phototrophic bacterium mediated by oxygen-dependent alteration of carotenoid excited-state properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:8570-5. [PMID: 22586075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201413109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are known to offer protection against the potentially damaging combination of light and oxygen encountered by purple phototrophic bacteria, but the efficiency of such protection depends on the type of carotenoid. Rhodobacter sphaeroides synthesizes spheroidene as the main carotenoid under anaerobic conditions whereas, in the presence of oxygen, the enzyme spheroidene monooxygenase catalyses the incorporation of a keto group forming spheroidenone. We performed ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy on membranes containing reaction center-light-harvesting 1-PufX (RC-LH1-PufX) complexes and showed that when oxygen is present the incorporation of the keto group into spheroidene, forming spheroidenone, reconfigures the energy transfer pathway in the LH1, but not the LH2, antenna. The spheroidene/spheroidenone transition acts as a molecular switch that is suggested to twist spheroidenone into an s-trans configuration increasing its conjugation length and lowering the energy of the lowest triplet state so it can act as an effective quencher of singlet oxygen. The other consequence of converting carotenoids in RC-LH1-PufX complexes is that S(2)/S(1)/triplet pathways for spheroidene is replaced with a new pathway for spheroidenone involving an activated intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state. This strategy for RC-LH1-PufX-spheroidenone complexes maintains the light-harvesting cross-section of the antenna by opening an active, ultrafast S(1)/ICT channel for energy transfer to LH1 Bchls while optimizing the triplet energy for singlet oxygen quenching. We propose that spheroidene/spheroidenone switching represents a simple and effective photoprotective mechanism of likely importance for phototrophic bacteria that encounter light and oxygen.
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Kloz M, Pillai S, Kodis G, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL, Grondelle RV, Kennis JTM. New light-harvesting roles of hot and forbidden carotenoid states in artificial photosynthetic constructs. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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König C, Neugebauer J. Quantum chemical description of absorption properties and excited-state processes in photosynthetic systems. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:386-425. [PMID: 22287108 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical description of the initial steps in photosynthesis has gained increasing importance over the past few years. This is caused by more and more structural data becoming available for light-harvesting complexes and reaction centers which form the basis for atomistic calculations and by the progress made in the development of first-principles methods for excited electronic states of large molecules. In this Review, we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of theoretical methods applicable to photosynthetic pigments. Besides methodological aspects of excited-state electronic-structure methods, studies on chlorophyll-type and carotenoid-like molecules are discussed. We also address the concepts of exciton coupling and excitation-energy transfer (EET) and compare the different theoretical methods for the calculation of EET coupling constants. Applications to photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes and reaction centers based on such models are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin König
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Tian L, van Stokkum IHM, Koehorst RBM, Jongerius A, Kirilovsky D, van Amerongen H. Site, Rate, and Mechanism of Photoprotective Quenching in Cyanobacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18304-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206414m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Tian
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, DeBoelelaan1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B. M. Koehorst
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aniek Jongerius
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Fuciman M, Kobayashi M, Frank HA, Blankenship RE. Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy of the light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) from the photosynthetic bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 110:49-60. [PMID: 21984346 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The light-harvesting complex 2 from the thermophilic purple bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum was purified and studied by steady-state absorption and fluorescence, sub-nanosecond-time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The measurements were performed at room temperature and at 10 K. The combination of both ultrafast and steady-state optical spectroscopy methods at ambient and cryogenic temperatures allowed the detailed study of carotenoid (Car)-to-bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) as well BChl-to-BChl excitation energy transfer in the complex. The studies show that the dominant Cars rhodopin (N=11) and spirilloxanthin (N=13) do not play a significant role as supportive energy donors for BChl a. This is related with their photophysical properties regulated by long π-electron conjugation. On the other hand, such properties favor some of the Cars, particularly spirilloxanthin (N=13) to play the role of the direct quencher of the excited singlet state of BChl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1138, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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40
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Yah WO, Irie A, Jiravanichanun N, Otsuka H, Takahara A. Molecular Aggregation State and Electrical Properties of Terthiophenes/Imogolite Nanohybrids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kloz M, Pillai S, Kodis G, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL, van Grondelle R, Kennis JTM. Carotenoid Photoprotection in Artificial Photosynthetic Antennas. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7007-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kloz
- Biophysics Section, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Smitha Pillai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Biophysics Section, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Biophysics Section, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pan J, Lin S, Allen JP, Williams JC, Frank HA, Woodbury NW. Carotenoid Excited-State Properties in Photosynthetic Purple Bacterial Reaction Centers: Effects of the Protein Environment. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7058-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5201, United States
| | - Su Lin
- The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5201, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - James P. Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - JoAnn C. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Neal W. Woodbury
- The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5201, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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43
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How does the nonlocal HF exchange influence the electron excitation of Bacteriochlorophyll and its assembly. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olbrich C, Kleinekathöfer U. Time-dependent atomistic view on the electronic relaxation in light-harvesting system II. J Phys Chem B 2011; 114:12427-37. [PMID: 20809619 DOI: 10.1021/jp106542v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at a better understanding of the molecular details in light absorption during photosynthesis, spatial and temporal correlation functions as well as spectral densities have been determined. At the focus of the present study are the light-harvesting II complexes of the purple bacterium Rhodospirillum molischianum. The calculations are based on a time-dependent combination of molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemistry methods. Using a 12 ps long trajectory, different quantum chemical methods have been compared to each other. Furthermore, several approaches to determine the couplings between the individual chromophores have been tested. Correlations between energy gap fluctuations of different individual pigments are analyzed but found to be negligible. From the energy gap fluctuations, spectral densities are extracted which serve as input for calculations of optical properties and exciton dynamics. To this end, the spectral densities are tested by determining the linear absorption of the complete two-ring system. One important difference from earlier studies is given by the severely extended length of the trajectory along which the quantum chemical calculations have been performed. Due to this extension, more accurate and reliable data have been obtained in the low frequency regime which is important in the dynamics of electronic relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Olbrich
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Gdor I, Zhu J, Loevsky B, Smolensky E, Friedman N, Sheves M, Ruhman S. Investigating excited state dynamics of salinixanthin and xanthorhodopsin in the near-infrared. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 13:3782-7. [PMID: 21183996 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excited state dynamics of native Xanthorhodopsin (XR), of an XR sample with a reduced prosthetic group, and of the associated Carotenoid (CAR) salinixanthin (SX) in ethanol were investigated by hyperspectral Near Infrared (NIR) probing. Global kinetic analysis shows that: (1) unlike the transient spectra recorded in the visible, fitting of the NIR data requires only two phases of exponential spectral evolution, assigned to internal conversion from S(2) → S(1) and from S(1) → S(0) of the carotene. (2) The rate of the internal conversion from S(2) → S(1) in the reduced sample is well fit with a decay time of 130 fs, significantly longer than in XR and in SX, both of which are well fit with τ ≈ 100 fs. This increased lifetime is consistent with a ∼30% efficiency of ET from SX to retinal in XR. (3) S(1) of salinixanthin is verified to lie ∼12,700 cm(-1) above the ground electronic surface, excluding its involvement in the retinal sensitization in XR. (4) The oscillator strength of the S(1) → S(2) transition is determined to be no more than 0.16, despite its symmetry allowedness. (5) No long lived NIR absorbance decay assignable to the carotenoid S* state was detected in any of the samples. Inconsistencies concerning previously determined S(2) lifetimes and kinetic schemes used to model these data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Gdor
- Institute of Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Polívka T, Frank HA. Molecular factors controlling photosynthetic light harvesting by carotenoids. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:1125-34. [PMID: 20446691 DOI: 10.1021/ar100030m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments that absorb light in the spectral region in which the sun irradiates maximally. These molecules transfer this energy to chlorophylls, initiating the primary photochemical events of photosynthesis. Carotenoids also regulate the flow of energy within the photosynthetic apparatus and protect it from photoinduced damage caused by excess light absorption. To carry out these functions in nature, carotenoids are bound in discrete pigment-protein complexes in the proximity of chlorophylls. A few three-dimensional structures of these carotenoid complexes have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Thus, the stage is set for attempting to correlate the structural information with the spectroscopic properties of carotenoids to understand the molecular mechanism(s) of their function in photosynthetic systems. In this Account, we summarize current spectroscopic data describing the excited state energies and ultrafast dynamics of purified carotenoids in solution and bound in light-harvesting complexes from purple bacteria, marine algae, and green plants. Many of these complexes can be modified using mutagenesis or pigment exchange which facilitates the elucidation of correlations between structure and function. We describe the structural and electronic factors controlling the function of carotenoids as energy donors. We also discuss unresolved issues related to the nature of spectroscopically dark excited states, which could play a role in light harvesting. To illustrate the interplay between structural determinations and spectroscopic investigations that exemplifies work in the field, we describe the spectroscopic properties of four light-harvesting complexes whose structures have been determined to atomic resolution. The first, the LH2 complex from the purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, contains the carotenoid rhodopin glucoside. The second is the LHCII trimeric complex from higher plants which uses the carotenoids lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin to transfer energy to chlorophyll. The third, the peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) from the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, is the only known complex in which the bound carotenoid (peridinin) pigments outnumber the chlorophylls. The last is xanthorhodopsin from the eubacterium Salinibacter ruber. This complex contains the carotenoid salinixanthin, which transfers energy to a retinal chromophore. The carotenoids in these pigment-protein complexes transfer energy with high efficiency by optimizing both the distance and orientation of the carotenoid donor and chlorophyll acceptor molecules. Importantly, the versatility and robustness of carotenoids in these light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes have led to their incorporation in the design and synthesis of nanoscale antenna systems. In these bioinspired systems, researchers are seeking to improve the light capture and use of energy from the solar emission spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
- Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, 55 North Eagleville Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
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Mechanism enabling the observation of the formally optically-forbidden and states in resonance-Raman excitation profiles of spheroidene in KBr disc. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ostroumov EE, Müller MG, Hundsdörfer C, Stahl W, Marian CM, Holzwarth AR. Excited state relaxation dynamics and electronic properties of a quinoid carotenoid. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Adachi K, Mita T, Yamate T, Yamazaki S, Takechi H, Watarai H. Controllable adsorption and ideal H-aggregation behaviors of phenothiazine dyes on the tungsten oxide nanocolloid surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:117-125. [PMID: 19694464 DOI: 10.1021/la902174s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The monomer-aggregate equilibrium of four phenothiazine (PN) dyes, containing thionine (TH), methylene blue (MB), new methylene blue (NMB), and 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB), in the tungsten(VI) oxide (WO(3)) nanocolloid solution has been investigated by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. Addition of PN dye into the WO(3) nanocolloid solution brought about significant changes in the absorption spectrum, suggesting the formation of H-type (face-to-face fashion) trimer on the WO(3) nanocolloid surface. The adsorptivity of PN dyes onto the WO(3) nanocolloid surface was diminished by the raising the ionic strength, indicating the evidence of the electrostatic interaction between cationic PN dye and negatively charged WO(3) nanocolloids. The detail analysis of each spectral data provided insight into the effect of molecular structure of PN dyes on the adsorption and aggregation behaviors on the WO(3) nanocolloid surface. Moreover, in situ measurement of PN dye aggregation using the centrifugal liquid membrane (CLM) technique revealed that the aggregation of PN dyes on the WO(3) nanocolloid surface proceeded in a two-step three-stage (monomer --> dimer --> trimer) formation. The aggregation mechanism of PN dyes on the WO(3) nanocolloid surface was discussed on the basis of Kasha's exciton theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Adachi
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan.
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Berera R, van Grondelle R, Kennis JTM. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy: principles and application to photosynthetic systems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:105-18. [PMID: 19578970 PMCID: PMC2744833 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical and photochemical reactions, after light absorption by a photosynthetic pigment-protein complex, are among the fastest events in biology, taking place on timescales ranging from tens of femtoseconds to a few nanoseconds. The advent of ultrafast laser systems that produce pulses with femtosecond duration opened up a new area of research and enabled investigation of these photophysical and photochemical reactions in real time. Here, we provide a basic description of the ultrafast transient absorption technique, the laser and wavelength-conversion equipment, the transient absorption setup, and the collection of transient absorption data. Recent applications of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy on systems with increasing degree of complexity, from biomimetic light-harvesting systems to natural light-harvesting antennas, are presented. In particular, we will discuss, in this educational review, how a molecular understanding of the light-harvesting and photoprotective functions of carotenoids in photosynthesis is accomplished through the application of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Berera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay, CEA (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique), URA 2096 CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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