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Corrêa RLGQ, de Moraes MMF, de Oliveira KT, Aoto YA, Coutinho-Neto MD, Homem-de-Mello P. Diving into the optoelectronic properties of Cu(II) and Zn(II) curcumin complexes: a DFT and wavefunction benchmark. J Mol Model 2023; 29:166. [PMID: 37118617 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Curcumin is a popular food additive around the world whose medicinal properties have been known since ancient times. The literature has recently highlighted several biological properties, but besides the health-related usages, its natural yellowish color may also be helpful for light-harvesting applications. This research aims to close a knowledge gap regarding the photophysical description of curcumin and its metallic complexes. METHODS We conducted benchmark experiments comparing NEVPT calculations with several DFT functionals (B3LYP, M06-L, M06-2X, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97X-D) for describing the UV spectra of curcumin and its metallo-derivative, curcumin-copper(II). Once we determined the most suitable functional, we performed tests with different basis sets and conditions, such as solvation and redox state, to identify their impact on excited state properties. These results are also reported for the curcumin-zinc(II) derivative. We found that the accuracy of DFT functionals depends strongly on the nature of curcumin's excitations. Intra-ligand transitions dominate the absorption spectra of the complexes. Curcumin absorption is marginally affected by solvation and chelation, but when combined with redox processes, they may result in significant modifications. This is because copper cation changes its coordination geometry in response to redox conditions, changing the spectrum. We found that, compared to a NEVPT reference, B3LYP is the best functional for a general description of the compounds, despite not being appropriate for charge transfer transitions. M06-L was the best for LMCT transitions. However, compared with NEVPT2 and PNO-LCCSD(T)-F12 results, no functional achieved acceptable accuracy for MLCT transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuri Alexandre Aoto
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, 09210-580, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Homem-de-Mello
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, 09210-580, Brazil.
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2
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Yang Y, Volpato GA, Rossin E, Peruffo N, Tumbarello F, Nicoletti C, Bonetto R, Paoloni L, Umari P, Colusso E, Dell'Amico L, Berardi S, Collini E, Caramori S, Agnoli S, Sartorel A. Photoelectrochemical C-H Activation Through a Quinacridone Dye Enabling Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201980. [PMID: 36507568 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photoanodes for C-H activation in organic substrates are assembled by vacuum sublimation of a commercially available quinacridone (QNC) dye in the form of nanosized rods onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), TiO2 , and SnO2 slides. The photoanodes display extended absorption in the visible range (450-600 nm) and ultrafast photoinduced electron injection (<1 ps, as revealed by transient absorption spectroscopy) of the QNC dye into the semiconductor. The proton-coupled electron-transfer reactivity of QNC is exploited for generating a nitrogen-based radical as its oxidized form, which is competent in C-H bond activation. The key reactivity parameter is the bond-dissociation free energy (BDFE) associated with the N⋅/N-H couple in QNC of 80.5±2.3 kcal mol-1 , which enables hydrogen atom abstraction from allylic or benzylic C-H moieties. A photoelectrochemical response is indeed observed for organic substrates characterized by C-H bonds with BDFE below the 80.5 kcal mol-1 threshold, such as γ-terpinene, xanthene, or dihydroanthracene. This work provides a rational, mechanistically oriented route to the design of dye-sensitized photoelectrodes for selective organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuo Yang
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Alice Volpato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rossin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Peruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tumbarello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Catia Nicoletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bonetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Paoloni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Umari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Colusso
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM, University of Padova, F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Berardi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SolarChem), Sez. di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SolarChem), Sez. di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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3
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Liao JM, Chin YK, Wu YT, Chou HH. Effect of regio-specific arylamine substitution on novel π-extended zinc salophen complexes: density functional and time-dependent density functional study on DSSC applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2501-2513. [PMID: 36741182 PMCID: PMC9844076 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of π-extended salophen-type Schiff-base zinc(ii) complexes, e.g., zinc-salophen complexes (ZSC), were investigated toward potential applications for dye-sensitized solar cells. The ZSC dyes adopt linear-, X-, or π-shaped geometries either with the functionalization of 1 donor/1 acceptor or 2 donors/2 acceptors to achieve a push-pull type molecular structure. The frontier molecular orbitals, light-harvesting properties as well as charge transfer characters against regio-specific substitution of donor/acceptor groups were studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The results reveal that all ZSC dyes of D-ZnS-π-A geometry (where D, S, and A denote to donor, salophen ligand, and acceptor, respectively) exhibit relatively lower HOMO energy compared to the structurally resembled porphyrin dye YD2-o-C8. Natural transition orbital (NTO) and electron-hole separation (EHS) approaches clearly differentiate the linear type YD-series dyes from CL-, AJ1-, and AJ2-series dyes because of poor charge transfer (CT) properties. In contrast, the π-shaped AJ2-series and X-shaped AJ1-series dyes outperform the others in a manner of stronger CT characteristics, broadened UV-vis absorption as well as tunable bandgap simply via substitution of p-ethynylbenzoic acids (EBAs) and arylamine donors at salophen 7,8- and 2,3,12,13-positions, respectively. Both EHS and calculated exciton binding energies suggest the strength of CT character for ZSC dyes with an amino donor in the trend TPA > AN > DPA. This work has provided clear illustration toward molecular design of efficient dyes featuring a zinc-salophen backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hsin Chou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
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Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Solar energy conversion using first row d-block metal coordination compound sensitizers and redox mediators. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1225-1262. [PMID: 35222908 PMCID: PMC8809415 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06828h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable energy is essential for the future of the Earth, and solar photons are the ultimate source of energy to satisfy the ever-increasing global energy demands. Photoconversion using dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is becoming an established technology to contribute to the sustainable energy market, and among state-of-the art DSCs are those which rely on ruthenium(ii) sensitizers and the triiodide/iodide (I3 -/I-) redox mediator. Ruthenium is a critical raw material, and in this review, we focus on the use of coordination complexes of the more abundant first row d-block metals, in particular copper, iron and zinc, as dyes in DSCs. A major challenge in these DSCs is an enhancement of their photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) which currently lag significantly behind those containing ruthenium-based dyes. The redox mediator in a DSC is responsible for regenerating the ground state of the dye. Although the I3 -/I- couple has become an established redox shuttle, it has disadvantages: its redox potential limits the values of the open-circuit voltage (V OC) in the DSC and its use creates a corrosive chemical environment within the DSC which impacts upon the long-term stability of the cells. First row d-block metal coordination compounds, especially those containing cobalt, and copper, have come to the fore in the development of alternative redox mediators and we detail the progress in this field over the last decade, with particular attention to Cu2+/Cu+ redox mediators which, when coupled with appropriate dyes, have achieved V OC values in excess of 1000 mV. We also draw attention to aspects of the recyclability of DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
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Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Foucaud Y, Lainé J, Filippov LO, Barrès O, Kim WJ, Filippova IV, Pastore M, Lebègue S, Badawi M. Adsorption mechanisms of fatty acids on fluorite unraveled by infrared spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 583:692-703. [PMID: 33039866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The adsorption mechanisms of fatty acids on minerals are largely debated from years, and their understanding is now required to improve flotation processing in the critical context of raw materials. Three wavenumbers have been observed in the literature for the asymmetric stretching vibration of COO- after the adsorption of fatty acids on mineral surfaces. They have been interpreted as different adsorbed forms, such as a precipitate formation, an adsorption of sole or bridged carboxylates, an anion exchange, or adsorbed modes, such as monodentate or bidentate configurations. EXPERIMENTS/THEORY Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was combined with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and simulation of infrared spectra. Fluorite and sodium octanoate - or longer-chain fatty acids - were used as prototypical materials for all the investigations. FINDINGS At low fatty acids concentration, the asymmetric stretching vibration of COO- peaks at 1560 cm-1 while, at higher concentration, this infrared band converts into a doublet peaking at 1535 and 1575 cm-1. Using simulations, we assign the band at 1560 cm-1 to the adsorption of a carboxylate molecule bridged on a sodium counter-cation and the doublet at 1535 and 1575 cm-1 to the adsorption of the sole carboxylate anion under a monodentate or a bidentate binuclear configuration, respectively. The formation of an adsorbed layer on the mineral surface is initiated by the adsorption of a sodium carboxylate and followed by the adsorption of mixed sole anionic forms. The role of the carboxylate counter-cation is highlighted for the first time, which was totally ignored in the literature beforehand. This particularly opens the path to the development of innovative strategies to enhance the separation contrast between minerals, which is of uttermost importance for the recovery of critical raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Foucaud
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, GeoRessources, F54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Juliette Lainé
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Lev O Filippov
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, GeoRessources, F54000 Nancy, France; National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Odile Barrès
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, GeoRessources, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Won June Kim
- Changwon National University, Department of Biology and Chemistry, South Korea
| | - Inna V Filippova
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, GeoRessources, F54000 Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Michael Badawi
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT, F54000 Nancy, France.
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7
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Al-Qurashi OS, Jedidi A, Wazzan N. Single- and co-sensitization of triphenylamine-based and asymmetrical squaraine dyes on the anatase (001) surface for DSSC applications: Periodic DFT calculations. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 104:107833. [PMID: 33444981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dye aggregation causes poor performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications through faster charge recombination of the photosensitizer with electrolyte. Triphenylamine (TBA)-based dyes feature a higher molar absorption coefficient and broadened wavelength but cannot absorb sunlight in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In contrast, the squaraine (SQ) photosensitizer, which is also called an NIR photosensitizer, has a maximum wavelength in the NIR region with high intensity. However, SQ dye suffers from dye aggregation due to its planar structure. The use of a co-sensitizer is one well-tested way to increase the power conversion efficiency (η) of solar cells by reducing dye aggregation and charge recombination. Using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), this work explains from a theoretical perspective the higher η values of the TZC1 and TZC2 dyes compared to that of asymmetric the SQ sensitizer (YR6) as free dyes. The electronic properties, reorganization energies, absorption and emission spectra, ICT parameters, and photovoltage parameters of the TZC1, TZC2, and YR6 dyes were computed using the M06/6-31G(d,p) level of theory in the gas phase and CH2Cl2 solvent (CPCM method). Additionally, the mono- and co-adsorption processes of TZC-based sensitizers with YR6 on the anatase (001) surface were investigated using periodic DFT calculations with the PBE + U/PAW method and the dispersion correction of the Grimme method D3. The results reveal that the use of the co-sensitized led to significant stabilization of the formed complexes by at least 1.21 eV, the panchromatic effect on the absorption spectra, and an increase in the light-harvesting ability in the NIR region, which improves the performance of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohoud S Al-Qurashi
- King Abdulaziz University, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 42805 Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Jeddah, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdesslem Jedidi
- King Abdulaziz University, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 42805 Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Wazzan
- King Abdulaziz University, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 42805 Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Xu F, Testoff TT, Wang L, Zhou X. Cause, Regulation and Utilization of Dye Aggregation in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4478. [PMID: 33003462 PMCID: PMC7582523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important member of third generation solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have the advantages of being low cost, having an easy fabrication process, utilizing rich raw materials and a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), prompting nearly three decades as a research hotspot. Recently, increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs has proven troublesome. Sensitizers, as the most important part, are no longer limited to molecular engineering, and the regulation of dye aggregation has become a widely held concern, especially in liquid DSSCs. This review first presents the operational mechanism of liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, including the influencing factors of various parameters on device efficiency. Secondly, the mechanism of dye aggregation was explained by molecular exciton theory, and the influence of various factors on dye aggregation was summarized. We focused on a review of several methods for regulating dye aggregation in liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were analyzed. In addition, the important application of quantum computational chemistry in the study of dye aggregation was introduced. Finally, an outlook was proposed that utilizing the advantages of dye aggregation by combining molecular engineering with dye aggregation regulation is a research direction to improve the performance of liquid DSSCs in the future. For solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs), the effects of solid electrolytes also need to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Thomas T. Testoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
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Abstract
Most organic dyes synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) use a single linker group to bind to the metal oxide photo-anode. Here we describe the synthesis and testing of two new triphenylamine dyes containing either two carboxylic acids 5-[2-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-vinyl]-isophthalic acid (10) or two cyanoacrylic acids (2Z, 2′Z)-3, 3′-(5-((E)-4-(diphenylamino) styryl)-1, 3-phenylene) bis (2-cyanoacrylic acid) (8) as linker groups. Full characterization data are reported for these dyes and their synthetic intermediates. DSC devices have been prepared from these new dyes either by passive or fast dyeing and the dyes have also been tested in co-sensitized DSC devices leading to a PCE (η = 5.4%) for the double cyanoacrylate linker dye (8) co-sensitized with D149. The dye:TiO2 surface interactions and dye excitations are interpreted using three modelling methods: density functional theory (at 0 K); molecular dynamics (at 298 K); time dependent density functional theory. The modelling results show the preferred orientation of both dyes on an anatase (1 0 1) TiO2 surface to be horizontal, and both the simulated and experimental absorption spectra of the dye molecules indicate a red shifted band for (8) compared to (10). This is in line with broader light harvesting and Jsc for (8) compared to (10).
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10
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Portillo-Cortez K, Martínez A, Dutt A, Santana G. N719 Derivatives for Application in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC): A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10930-10939. [PMID: 31799849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of this investigation is to analyze the influence of the chemical modifications on the electronic structures of N719 derivatives for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), by employing density functional theory. UV-vis spectra indicate that the electronic configurations are essential to study the absorption of solar irradiation and analyze the charge-transport mechanism between the electron-transport layer (ETL), the electrolyte, and the dye. Open- and closed-shell electronic configurations are related to the absorption and the excitation energies of the dye. According to the results reported here, it is possible to say that the best candidates are N719, N719-2, N719-7, and N719-8 (neutral and dianionic). They may be used as useful dye sensitizers due to their band gap and band alignment with the ETL, which contributes to having an effective charge transport during the functioning of the solar device. Another parameter that is reported in this investigation is the light-harvesting efficiency for all studied systems. This could help to improve the performance of the device, since there is an increment in the generation of charge carriers. These results could be useful as a guide for experimental investigations on chemical modifications of these sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Portillo-Cortez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , CP 04510 Coyoacán , CDMX, México
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , CP 04510 Coyoacán , CDMX, México
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , CP 04510 Coyoacán , CDMX, México
| | - Guillermo Santana
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , CP 04510 Coyoacán , CDMX, México
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11
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Heng P, Xu J, Mao L, Wang L, Wu W, Zhang J. Rational design of D-π-A organic dyes to prevent "trade off" effect in dye-sensitized solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 221:117167. [PMID: 31170604 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is an easy task to simulate the spectrum properties for the organic dyes applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) if the suitable method is chosen. However, it is still difficult to quantitatively determine the overall performance for them. In this work, the short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) and open circuit photovoltage (VOC) are quantitatively calculated by combination of the density functional theory and first principle for DSSCs based on four different organic dyes, 2-((4'-((4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)diazenyl)biphenyl-4-yl)methylene)but-3-ynoic acid (1), 2-((5-(4-((4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)but-3-ynoic acid (2), 3-(7-(4-((4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)diazenyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']-dithiophene)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (3), and 3-(7-(4-((4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (4), in which the triarylamine is donor and the cyanoacrylic acid is acceptor along with variable π group. The 3 and 4 are new theoretically designed organic dyes on the basis of 1 and 2 with different electron-rich group as π group. Both JSC and VOC of 3 and 4 are improved as compared with those of 1 and 2, which breaks the normal "trade-off" rule. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3 and 4 is improved, especially for 3. The aggregation effect is also considered to evaluate the overall performance, which is favorable to further enhance the reliability of theoretical design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Heng
- Institute of Upconversion Nanoscale Materials, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion, Technology for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Corrosion and Protection for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Institute of Physics and Electronic, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Lemin Mao
- Institute of Upconversion Nanoscale Materials, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion, Technology for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Corrosion and Protection for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Upconversion Nanoscale Materials, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion, Technology for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Corrosion and Protection for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
| | - Wenpeng Wu
- Institute of Upconversion Nanoscale Materials, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion, Technology for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Corrosion and Protection for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- Institute of Upconversion Nanoscale Materials, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion, Technology for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Corrosion and Protection for Magnesium Alloys, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
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12
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Oprea CI, Gîrțu MA. Structure and Electronic Properties of TiO₂ Nanoclusters and Dye⁻Nanocluster Systems Appropriate to Model Hybrid Photovoltaic or Photocatalytic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E357. [PMID: 30836631 PMCID: PMC6474027 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a computational study of TiO₂ nanoclusters of various sizes as well as of complex systems with various molecules adsorbed onto the clusters to set the ground for the modeling of charge transfer processes in hybrid organic⁻inorganic photovoltaics or photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Despite the large number of existing computational studies of TiO₂ clusters and in spite of the higher computing power of the typical available hardware, allowing for calculations of larger systems, there are still studies that use cluster sizes that are too small and not appropriate to address particular problems or certain complex systems relevant in photovoltaic or photocatalytic applications. By means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we attempt to find acceptable minimal sizes of the TinO2n+2H₄ (n = 14, 24, 34, 44, 54) nanoclusters in correlation with the size of the adsorbed molecule and the rigidity of the backbone of the molecule to model systems and interface processes that occur in hybrid photovoltaics and photocatalysis. We illustrate various adsorption cases with a small rigid molecule based on coumarin, a larger rigid oligomethine cyanine dye with indol groups, and the penicillin V antibiotic having a flexible backbone. We find that the use of the n = 14 cluster to describe adsorption leads to significant distortions of both the cluster and the molecule and to unusual tridentate binding configurations not seen for larger clusters. Moreover, the significantly weaker bonding as well as the differences in the density of states and in the optical spectra suggest that the n = 14 cluster is a poor choice for simulating the materials used in the practical applications envisaged here. As the n = 24 cluster has provided mixed results, we argue that cluster sizes larger than or equal to n = 34 are necessary to provide the reliability required by photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. Furthermore, the tendency to saturate the key quantities of interest when moving from n = 44 to n = 54 suggests that the largest cluster may bring little improvement at a significantly higher computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu I Oprea
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Ovidius University of Constanța, 900527 Constanța, Romania.
| | - Mihai A Gîrțu
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Ovidius University of Constanța, 900527 Constanța, Romania.
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13
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Unclogging electron-transporting channels via self-assembly for improving light harvesting and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Smolin YY, Lau KKS, Soroush M. First‐principles modeling for optimal design, operation, and integration of energy conversion and storage systems. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Y. Smolin
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kenneth K. S. Lau
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Masoud Soroush
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
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15
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Prakasam M. Influence of Electron Injection Rate in Triphenylamine Based Dye for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A First Principle Study. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, we systematically investigate the impacts of electron-donor based on Triphenylamine (TPA). The Geometry structure, energy levels, light-harvesting ability and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra were calculated by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent-DFT. The electron injection rate of the TPA-N(CH3)2 based dyes has 0.71 eV for high among the dye sensitizer. The First and Second order Hyperpolarizability of the 11.95 × 10−30 e.s.u and 12195.54 a.u, respectively for TPA-N(CH3)2 based dye. The calculated absorption spectra were showed in the ultra-violet visible region for power conversion region. The study reveals that the electron transfer character of TPA-N(CH3)2 based dyes can be made suitable for applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Prakasam
- PG and Research Department of Physics , Pachamuthu College of Arts and Science for Women , Dharmapuri 636701, Tamil Nadu , India , Tel.: +91 97866 57744
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16
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Holliman PJ, Kershaw C, Connell A, Jones EW, Hobbs R, Anthony R, Furnell L, McGettrick J, Geatches D, Metz S. A perspective on using experiment and theory to identify design principles in dye-sensitized solar cells. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2018; 19:599-612. [PMID: 30181788 PMCID: PMC6116669 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1492858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have been the subject of wide-ranging studies for many years because of their potential for large-scale manufacturing using roll-to-roll processing allied to their use of earth abundant raw materials. Two main challenges exist for DSC devices to achieve this goal; uplifting device efficiency from the 12 to 14% currently achieved for laboratory-scale 'hero' cells and replacement of the widely-used liquid electrolytes which can limit device lifetimes. To increase device efficiency requires optimized dye injection and regeneration, most likely from multiple dyes while replacement of liquid electrolytes requires solid charge transporters (most likely hole transport materials - HTMs). While theoretical and experimental work have both been widely applied to different aspects of DSC research, these approaches are most effective when working in tandem. In this context, this perspective paper considers the key parameters which influence electron transfer processes in DSC devices using one or more dye molecules and how modelling and experimental approaches can work together to optimize electron injection and dye regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arthur Connell
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - Eurig W. Jones
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - Robert Hobbs
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - Rosie Anthony
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - Leo Furnell
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - James McGettrick
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - Dawn Geatches
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - Sebastian Metz
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, UK
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17
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Impact of substitution and self-aggregation on photoelectric and charge transfer characteristics in JD21 analogues. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Punitharasu V, Kavungathodi MFM, Nithyanandhan J. Interplay between π-Bridges and Positions of Branched Alkyl Groups of Unsymmetrical D-A-D-π-A Squaraines in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Mode of Dye Anchoring and the Charge Transfer Process at the TiO 2/Dye/Electrolyte Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32698-32712. [PMID: 28857539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-red-absorbing squaraines possessing high molar absorptivity (>105 M-1 cm-1) are being attracted as high-efficiency chromophores in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A series of donor-acceptor-donor-π spacer-acceptor (D-A-D-π-A) unsymmetrical squaraines, PSQ1-5, with indoline donor and squaric/cyanoacetic acid acceptor units, were designed for sensitized solar cells. For extending the absorption toward the near-infrared region (NIR) and controlling the orientation on the TiO2 surface, benzene (PSQ1 and PSQ2) and thiophene (PSQ3-5) π-spacers and out-of-plane branched alkyl groups at the indoline that are away (PSQ1, PSQ3, and PSQ5) or near (PSQ2 and PSQ4) the anchoring group, respectively, were introduced. Dynamic aggregation tendency of PSQ1 and PSQ3 than that of their isomers systematically modulates the orientation on the TiO2 surface, which in turn enhances photovoltaic performance. Absorptance on a thin transparent TiO2 film shows a visible-to-NIR response with an onset around 800 nm for PSQ3-5. Although there is close resemblance in electrochemical redox levels, their high injection efficiency and recombination resistance differentiated their impact on the way of anchoring and the dihedral angle between D-A-D units and π-spacers. DSSCs sensitized with PSQ5 achieved a PCE of 8.15% under simulated AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2), with the current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 19.73 mA cm-2 and 630 mV, respectively. A clear comparison of the incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency versus the light-harvesting efficiency correlates the structure-property relationship with Jsc obtained for PSQ dyes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was carried out to examine the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface for further confirmation of the enhanced PCE of top-sp3-alkylated PSQ5 over that of other dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellimalai Punitharasu
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Munavvar Fairoos Mele Kavungathodi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India
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19
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Combined computational and experimental study of carbazole dyes for iodide- and cobalt-based ZnO DSSCs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Zhang L, Liu X, Rao W, Li J. Multilayer Dye Aggregation at Dye/TiO 2 Interface via π…π Stacking and Hydrogen Bond and Its Impact on Solar Cell Performance: A DFT Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35893. [PMID: 27767196 PMCID: PMC5073288 DOI: 10.1038/srep35893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multilayer dye aggregation at the dye/TiO2 interface of dye-sensitized solar cells is probed via first principles calculations, using p-methyl red azo dye as an example. Our calculations suggest that the multilayer dye aggregates at the TiO2 surface can be stabilized by π…π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions. Compared with previous two-dimensional monolayer dye/TiO2 model, the multilayer dye aggregation model proposed in this study constructs a three-dimensional multilayer dye/TiO2 interfacial structure, and provides a better agreement between experimental and computational results in dye coverage and dye adsorption energy. In particular, a dimer forms by π…π stacking interactions between two neighboring azo molecules, while one of them chemisorbs on the TiO2 surface; a trimer may form by introducing one additional azo molecule on the dimer through a hydrogen bond between two carboxylic acid groups. Different forms of multilayer dye aggregates, either stabilized by π…π stacking or hydrogen bond, exhibit varied optical absorption spectra and electronic properties. Such variations could have a critical impact on the performance of dye sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, No. 219 Ning Liu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Weifeng Rao
- Department of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jingfa Li
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, No. 219 Ning Liu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
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21
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Aggregation of metal-free organic sensitizers on TiO 2 (1 0 1) surface for use in dye-sensitized solar cells: A computational investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Boyer SM, Liu J, Zhang S, Ehrlich MI, McCarthy DL, Tong L, DeCoste JB, Bernier WE, Jones WE. The role of ruthenium photosensitizers in the degradation of phenazopyridine with TiO2 electrospun fibers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Venkatraman V, Abburu S, Alsberg BK. Artificial evolution of coumarin dyes for dye sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:27672-82. [PMID: 26428071 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design and discovery of novel molecular structures with optimal properties has been an ongoing effort for materials scientists. This field has in general been dominated by experiment driven trial-and-error approaches that are often expensive and time-consuming. Here, we investigate if a de novo computational design methodology can be applied to the design of coumarin-based dye sensitizers with improved properties for use in Grätzel solar cells. To address the issue of synthetic accessibility of the designed compounds, a fragment-based assembly is employed, wherein the combination of chemical motifs (derived from the existing databases of structures) is carried out with respect to user-adaptable set of rules. Rather than using computationally intensive density functional theory (DFT)/ab initio methods to screen candidate dyes, we employ quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models (calibrated from empirical data) for rapid estimation of the property of interest, which in this case is the product of short circuit current (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc). Since QSPR models have limited validity, pre-determined applicability domain criteria are used to prevent unacceptable extrapolation. DFT analysis of the top-ranked structures provides supporting evidence of their potential for dye sensitized solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwesh Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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24
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Zhang L, Cole JM. Can nitro groups really anchor onto TiO2? Case study of dye-to-TiO2adsorption using azo dyes with NO2substituents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19062-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular rationalization of the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells that employ azo dyes bearing a NO2anchoring group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210044
- China
- Cavendish Laboratory
| | - Jacqueline M. Cole
- Cavendish Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Argonne National Laboratory
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25
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Eriksson SK, Josefsson I, Ellis H, Amat A, Pastore M, Oscarsson J, Lindblad R, Eriksson AIK, Johansson EMJ, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Fantacci S, Odelius M, Rensmo H. Geometrical and energetical structural changes in organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells probed using photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:252-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04589d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Differences in solar cell performance of triarylamine-based dyes are from calculations and PES measurements attributed to geometrical adsorption differences.
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26
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Wang Y, Lu J, Yin J, Lü G, Cui Y, Wang S, Deng S, Shan D, Tao H, Sun Y. Influence of 4-tert-butylpyridine/guanidinium thiocyanate co-additives on band edge shift and recombination of dye-sensitized solar cells: experimental and theoretical aspects. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Feng S, Li QS, Sun PP, Niehaus TA, Li ZS. Dynamic Characteristics of Aggregation Effects of Organic Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22504-22514. [PMID: 26391331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two organic dyes (LS-1 and IQ4) containing identical electron donor and acceptor units but distinct π units result in significantly different power conversion efficiency of the corresponding dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): LS-1, 4.4%, and IQ4, 9.2%. Herein, we combine first-principle calculations and molecular dynamics to explore the aggregation effects of LS-1 and IQ4 by comparing their optical properties and intermolecular electronic couplings. The calculated absorption spectra are in good agreement with the experimental observations and reveal them to be evidently affected by the dimerization. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations show that steric hindrance induced by the diphenylquinoxaline unit in IQ4 can elongate the distances between intermolecular π units or electron donors, which are responsible for the fact that the intermolecular electronic coupling of LS-1 is about 10 times larger than that of IQ4. More importantly, the aggregated IQ4 remains almost perpendicular to the TiO2 surface, whereas LS-1 gradually tilts during the dynamic simulation, impacting electron injection and recombination in several ways, which clarifies why IQ4 leads to larger photocurrent and higher conversion efficiency. The deep understanding of the dye aggregation effects sheds new light on the complex factors determining DSSC function and paves the way for rational design of high-efficiency self-anti-aggregation sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University , Taian 271021, China
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ping-Ping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Thomas A Niehaus
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
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28
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Kumar P, Pal SK. Ab Initio Assessment of the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Organic–ZnO Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10067-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced
Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced
Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
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29
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McCree-Grey J, Cole JM, Evans PJ. Preferred Molecular Orientation of Coumarin 343 on TiO2 Surfaces: Application to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16404-16409. [PMID: 26159229 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dye···TiO2 interfacial structure in working electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is known to influence its photovoltaic device performance. Despite this, direct and quantitative reports of such structure remain sparse. This case study presents the application of X-ray reflectometry to determine the preferred structural orientation and molecular packing of the organic dye, Coumarin 343, adsorbed onto amorphous TiO2. Results show that the dye molecules are, on average, tilted by 61.1° relative to the TiO2 surface, and are separated from each other by 8.2 Å. These findings emulate the molecular packing arrangement of a monolayer of Coumarin 343 within its crystal structure. This suggests that the dye adsorbs onto TiO2 in one of its lowest energy configurations; that is, dye···TiO2 self-assembly is driven more by thermodynamic rather than kinetic means. Complementary DSC device tests illustrate that this interfacial structure compromises photovoltaic performance, unless a suitably sized coadsorbant is interdispersed between the Coumarin 343 chromophores on the TiO2 surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan McCree-Grey
- †Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- ‡Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Cole
- †Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- §Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peter J Evans
- ‡Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
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30
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Sharma GD, Zervaki GE, Ladomenou K, Koukaras EN, Angaridis PP, Coutsolelos AG. Donor-π-acceptor, triazine-linked porphyrin dyads as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461450117x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two porphyrin dyads with the donor-π-acceptor molecular architecture, namely ( ZnP )-[triazine-gly]-( H 2 PCOOH ) and ( ZnP )-[triazine-Npip]-( H 2 PCOOH ), which consist of a zinc-metalated porphyrin unit and a free-base porphyrin unit covalently linked at their peripheries to a central triazine group, substituted either by a glycine in the former or a N-piperidine group in the latter, have been synthesized via consecutive amination substitution reactions of cyanuric chloride. The UV-vis absorption spectra and cyclic-voltammetry measurements of the two dyads, as well as theoretical calculations based on Density Functional Theory, suggest that they have suitable frontier orbital energy levels for use as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. Dye-sensitized solar cells based on ( ZnP )-[triazine-gly]-( H 2 PCOOH ) and ( ZnP )-[triazine-Npip]-( H 2 PCOOH ) have been fabricated, and they were found to exhibit power conversion efficiency values of 5.44 and 4.15%, respectively. Photovoltaic measurements (J–V curves) and incident photon to current conversion efficiency spectra of the two solar cells suggest that the higher power conversion efficiency value of the former solar cell is a result of its enhanced short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and fill factor values, as well as higher dye loading. This is ascribed to the existence of two carboxylic acid anchoring groups in ( ZnP )-[triazine-gly]-( H 2 PCOOH ), compared to one carboxylic acid group in ( ZnP )-[triazine-Npip]-( H 2 PCOOH ), which leads to a more effective binding onto the TiO 2 photoanode. Electrochemical impedance spectra show evidence that the ( ZnP )-[triazine-gly]-( H 2 PCOOH ) based solar cell exhibits a longer electron lifetime and more effective suppression of charge recombination reactions between the injected electrons and electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh D. Sharma
- R&D Center for Engineering and Science, JEC Group of Colleges, Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas, Jaipur (Raj.) 303101, India
| | - Galateia E. Zervaki
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, P. O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, P. O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel N. Koukaras
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str. Platani, Patras 26504, Greece
| | | | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str. Platani, Patras 26504, Greece
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, GR, Greece
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31
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Dryza V, Bieske EJ. Does the triphenylamine-based D35 dye sensitizer form aggregates on metal-oxide surfaces? J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Kirchartz T, Bisquert J, Mora-Sero I, Garcia-Belmonte G. Classification of solar cells according to mechanisms of charge separation and charge collection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4007-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper elaborates a general description of solar cells based on a single absorber material, according to the mechanisms of charge separation and charge collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ivan Mora-Sero
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
| | - Germà Garcia-Belmonte
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
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33
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Christianson JR, Schmidt JR. Structural heterogeneity and dynamics of dyes on TiO2: implications for charge transfer across organic–inorganic interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3731-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04814h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural heterogeneity, solvation, and thermal fluctuations all contribute to multiple dye–semiconductor charge injection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Christianson
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - J. R. Schmidt
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
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34
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Nieto-Pescador J, Abraham B, Gundlach L. Photoinduced Ultrafast Heterogeneous Electron Transfer at Molecule-Semiconductor Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3498-3507. [PMID: 26278600 DOI: 10.1021/jz501541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses recent developments in ultrafast electron transfer dynamics at interfaces between organic and inorganic materials. Heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) is a key process in important fields like catalysis and solar energy conversion. Furthermore, the solid state nature of the systems gives control over relevant parameters and allows for investigating excited state dynamics and electron transfer processes in unprecedented detail. Progress in synthesis, sample preparation, and instrumentation makes it possible to provide experimental proof of recent prediction from theory concerning the adiabaticity of the reaction and the influence of coherence. A short recapitulation of the field is followed by a discussion of recent experimental efforts that allowed for studying HET, particularly focusing on the influence of energetics and vibrational dynamics.
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35
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Sirithip K, Prachumrak N, Rattanawan R, Keawin T, Sudyoadsuk T, Namuangruk S, Jungsuttiwong S, Promarak V. Zinc-Porphyrin Dyes with Differentmeso-Aryl Substituents for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:882-93. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Wang L, Prezhdo OV. A Simple Solution to the Trivial Crossing Problem in Surface Hopping. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:713-719. [PMID: 26270842 DOI: 10.1021/jz500025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface hopping studies on supramolecular and nanoscale systems suffer severely from the trivial crossing problem, arising due to high density of adiabatic potential energy surfaces. We present a straightforward solution to the problem by introducing a self-consistency test to the well-known fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) procedure. If the test is failed, the hopping probabilities are corrected with a simple procedure. The novel self-consistent fewest switches surface hopping (SC-FSSH) approach is applied to the Holstein Hamiltonian to study the time-dependence of the electron population. Already in the five-state system, SC-FSSH allows us to reduce the simulation time 10(4)-fold to achieve the FSSH accuracy. The reliable performance and simple formulation of SC-FSSH greatly expands the applicability range of the surface hopping method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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37
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Kley CS, Dette C, Rinke G, Patrick CE, Cechal J, Jung SJ, Baur M, Dürr M, Rauschenbach S, Giustino F, Stepanow S, Kern K. Atomic-scale observation of multiconformational binding and energy level alignment of ruthenium-based photosensitizers on TiO2 anatase. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:563-9. [PMID: 24471471 DOI: 10.1021/nl403717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells constitute a promising approach to sustainable and low-cost solar energy conversion. Their overall efficiency crucially depends on the effective coupling of the photosensitizers to the photoelectrode and the details of the dye's energy levels at the interface. Despite great efforts, the specific binding of prototypical ruthenium-based dyes to TiO2, their potential supramolecular interaction, and the interrelation between adsorption geometry and electron injection efficiency lack experimental evidence. Here we demonstrate multiconformational adsorption and energy level alignment of single N3 dyes on TiO2 anatase (101) revealed by scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. The distinctly bound molecules show significant variations of their excited state levels associated with different driving forces for photoelectron injection. These findings emphasize the critical role of the interfacial coupling and suggest that further designs of dye-sensitized solar cells should target a higher selectivity in the dye-substrate binding conformations in order to ensure efficient electron injection from all photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Kley
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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38
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Marotta G, Lobello MG, Anselmi C, Barozzino Consiglio G, Calamante M, Mordini A, Pastore M, De Angelis F. An Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approach to the Spectroscopy of Organic-Dye-Sensitized TiO2Heterointerfaces: Disentangling the Effects of Aggregation, Solvation, and Surface Protonation. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1116-25. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Ashokkumar R, Kathiravan A, Ramamurthy P. Zn-phthalocyanine-functionalized nanometal and nanometal–TiO2 hybrids: aggregation behavior and excited-state dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14139-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Pastore M, Selloni A, Fantacci S, De Angelis F. Electronic and Optical Properties of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Interfaces. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 347:1-45. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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Marotta G, Reddy MA, Singh SP, Islam A, Han L, De Angelis F, Pastore M, Chandrasekharam M. Novel carbazole-phenothiazine dyads for dye-sensitized solar cells: a combined experimental and theoretical study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9635-9647. [PMID: 24025169 DOI: 10.1021/am402675q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a joint experimental and computational work on new organic donor-acceptor dye sensitizers in which a carbazole (CZ) and a phenothiazine (PTZ) units are linked together by an alkyl C6H13, while two different anchoring groups are employed: the cyanoacrylic acid (CS1A, CSORG1) and the rhodanine-3-acetic acid (CS4A, CSORG4). The CZ moiety has multiple roles of (i) acting as an extra-electron donor portion, providing more electron density on the PTZ; (ii) suppressing the back-electron transfer from TiO2 to the electrolyte by forming a compact insulating dye layer; (iii) modulating dye aggregation on the semiconductor surface; and (iv) acting as an antenna, collecting photons and, through long-range energy transfer, redirecting the captured energy to the dye sensitizer. We show that the introduction of the CZ donor remarkably enhances the photovoltaic performances of the rhodanine-based dye, compared to the corresponding simple PTZ dye, with more than a two-fold increase in the overall efficiencies, while it does not bring beneficial effects in the case of the cyanoacrylic-based sensitizer. Based on quantum mechanical calculations and experimental measurements, we show that, in addition to a favored long-range energy transfer, which increases the light absorption in the blue region of the spectrum, the presence of the CZ unit in the CSORG4 dye effectively induces a beneficial aggregation pattern on the semiconductor surface, yielding a broadened and red-shifted light absorption, accounting for the two-fold increase in the generated photocurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Marotta
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari , via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
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42
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Pastore M, De Angelis F. Modeling Materials and Processes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Understanding the Mechanism, Improving the Efficiency. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 352:151-236. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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43
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Ikäläinen S, Laasonen K. A DFT study of adsorption of perylene on clean and altered anatase (101) TiO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11673-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Bisquert J, Marcus RA. Device Modeling of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 352:325-95. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Pratik SM, Datta A. Computational design of concomitant type-I and type-II porphyrin sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18471-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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